外研社必修四 module2 traffic jam Cultural Corner课件 (共39张)

(共39张PPT)
高一英语
第二单元
第六课时
教学材料：外研版高中英语必修第四册
教学内容：Module
2
Cultural
Corner
working
from
home
studying
online
eager
to
go
back
to
school
too
crowded
The
literary
form:
Narration记叙文
Argumentation议论文
Description
Exposition说明文
Problem
Cause
Solutions
Effects
Attitudes
Beijing
isn't
the
only
city
with
traffic
problems.
You
can
get
stuck
in
a
traffic
jam
anywhere
in
the
world.
The
worst
problems
occur
in
cities
which
are
growing
fast,
such
as
Sao
Paolo
in
Brazil
and
Lagos
in
Nigeria.
But
even
cities
in
developed
countries
such
as
the
US
suffer.
Los
Angeles,
which
was
built
with
the
motor
car
in
mind,
and
is
famous
for
its
six-lane
highways,
is
now
the
USA's
most
congested
city.
Para.1
The
London
Congestion
Charge
problem:
congestion
/
traffic
jams
①
congestion:
n.
the
state
of
being
crowded
and
full
of
traffic
e.g.:
—The
problems
of
traffic
congestion
have
increased
in
recent
years.
—
Indeed,
many
roads
in
big
cities
are
heavily
congested.
congested:
crowded
②
traffic
jams:
a
long
line
of
vehicles
on
a
road
that
cannot
move
or
that
can
only
move
very
slowly.
③
get
stuck
in：被困在，卡在
e.g.
I
was
stuck
in
the
middle
of
the
road.
我被卡在路中间。
The
worst
problems
occur
in
cities
which
are
growing
fast
sth
occurs
to
sb=sth
strikes
sb(想法、主意被想到）
it
occurs
to
sb
that
某人想到
It
occurs
to
sb
to
do
sth
某人想到做某事
But
even
cities
in
developed
countries
such
as
the
US
suffer.
suffer
from
遭受...之苦
suffering
n.
痛苦，苦难
sufferer
n.
患者，受害者
Problem
They
are
so
Congested!
developing
countries
developed
countries
Para.
2
traffic
condition
in
central
London
cause
so
bad
the
capital
city
was
built
before
cars
solution
the
mayor
introduced
a
“congestion
charge”
the
problem,
the
cause
&
the
solution
In
Europe
most
capital
cities
were
planned
and
built
before
cars,
and
city
centre
traffic
jams
have
been
part
of
daily
life
for
a
long
time.
The
situation
in
central
London,
where
drivers
spent
fifty
percent
of
their
time
in
queues,
became
so
bad
that
the
local
government
decided
to
do
something
about
it.
In
February
2003
the
Mayor
of
London,
Ken
Livingstone,
introduced
a
"congestion
charge"—a
tax
for
cars
entering
the
centre
of
the
city.
in
queues
排队
1.The
situation
in
central
London,
where
drivers
spent
fifty
percent
of
their
time
in
queues,
became
so
bad
that
the
local
government
decided
to
do
something
about
it.
伦敦市中心，司机们要花近50%的时间排队。这种状况如此严重，当地政府决定采取管制措施。
(1)本句主干为the
situation
became
bad，使用了“become＋形容词”结构，表示“变得……”。
(2)where引导定语从句，修饰central
London。
(3)该句中包含了so...that...结构，其中that引导的是结果状语从句。
He
was
so
angry
that
he
turned
the
table
upside
down.
他很生气，把桌子掀翻了。
He
was
so
ill
that
we
had
to
send
for
a
doctor.
他病得很厉害，我们不得不请来一位医生。
知识拓展
(1)so＋adj./adv.＋that?
clause
It
is
so
fine
today
that
we’d
better
go
swimming.
今天天气真好，我们去游泳吧。
I
liked
the
painting
so
much
that
I
bought
it.
我很喜欢这幅画，于是就买了下来。
(2)so＋many(few,
much,
little)＋n.＋that?
clause
There
were
so
many
people
there
that
I
was
unable
to
pick
her
out.
那儿有很多人，我没有认出她来。
(3)so＋adj.＋a(n)＋单数可数名词＋that?clause
He
is
so
good
a
student
that
we
all
consider
him
our
good
example.
他是个优秀的学生，我们都把他视为我们的榜样。
(4)“so＋被修饰成分”位于句首时，主句要采用倒装句式。
So
badly
was
he
injured
that
he
had
to
be
sent
to
hospital.
他的伤势很重，不得不被送往医院。
(5)such＋a(n)(＋adj.)＋单数可数名词＋that?clause
Tom
made
such
a
silly
mistake
that
we
all
had
a
good
laugh
over
it.
汤姆犯了那样一个愚蠢的错误，我们为此大笑了一阵。
(6)such(＋adj.)＋不可数名词＋that?clause
He
made
such
rapid
progress
that
before
long
he
began
to
write
articles
in
English
for
American
newspaper.
他进步非常快，不久就开始用英语给美国一家报纸写文章了。
(7)such(＋adj.)＋复数名词＋that?clause
They
are
such
interesting
films
that
we
want
to
see
them
a
second
time.
这些电影是那样的有趣，我们想再看一遍。
即学即用
语法填空
(1)When
I
couldn’t
avoid
meeting
him,
I
faced
an
embarrassing
situation
________
I
could
only
keep
silent.
答案：where　考查定语从句。先行词是situation，宾语从句的引导词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用where。
(2)The
Great
Wall
is
________a
well-?known
tourist
attraction
that
millions
of
people
pour
in
every
year.
答案：such　在“so/such...that”结构中，so可以用于“so＋adj.＋a(n)＋单数名词”结构，而such则用于“such＋a(n)＋adj.＋单数名词”结构。
Para.
3
the
solution
How
much
and
when
will
I
pay?
How
much
When
Pay
Don't
pay
___________
a
day
_________________
ok
she
will
face
a
fine
of
__________
?5
before
10
p.m.
?80
The
idea
is
simple:
every
car
coming
into
the
centre
has
to
pay
?5
a
day.
Drivers
can
pay
the
charge
at
any
of
10,
000
pay
points
in
the
capital
before
10
p.m.
As
the
cars
come
into
the
centre,
video
cameras
record
their
registration
numbers,
and
these
are
checked
with
a
list
of
drivers
who
have
paid
the
charge
for
that
day.
People
who
do
not
pay
the
charge
will
face
a
fine
of
?80.
charge
fine
registration
numbers
the
number
on
the
license
plate
that
identifies
the
car
that
bears
it
e.g.
As
the
cars
come
into
the
centre,
video
cameras
record
their
registration
numbers（车牌号）,
and
these
are
checked
with
a
list
of
drivers
who
have
paid
the
charge
for
that
day.
n.
money
extracted
(
/?ekstr?kt/
索取)
as
a
penalty
（
/?pen?lti/
罚金）
e.g.
a
fine
of
?80
a
fine
of
（多少钱的）罚款
n.:
the
amount
of
money
that
sb.
asks
for
goods
and
services
v.:
demand
(an
amount)
as
a
price
from
someone
for
a
service
provided
or
goods
supplied
e.g.
Drivers
can
pay
the
charge
at
any
of
10,
000
pay
points
in
the
capital
before
10
p.m.
pay
points收费点
be
faced
with面对
in
the
face
of面对
Para.
5
The
congestion
charge
is
really
___________________
(effective
/
ineffecitive).
effective
1.
Traffic
...
reduced
by
about
_____
percent,
and
journey
times
by
______
percent.
2.
_______
were
suddenly
popular
and
London
shops
didn't
______
business.
the
effect
Conclusoin:
30
Bicycles
lose
15
But
does
the
congestion
charge
work?
A
survey
carried
out
at
the
end
of
2003
suggests
it
does.
After
only
six
months,
traffic
coming
into
central
London
was
reduced
by
about
30
percent,
and
journey
times
by
15
percent.
More
people
used
public
transport
to
get
to
work,
and
bicycles
were
suddenly
very
popular.
What's
more,
central
London
shops
did
not
lose
business
even
though
there
were
fewer
cars.
2．What’s
more,
central
London
shops
did
not
lose
business
even
though
there
were
fewer
cars.
而且，市中心的各家店铺也没有因为车辆变少影响生意。
(1)what’s
more(＝besides)而且；另外(插入语)
①You
are
wrong,
and
what’s
more
you
know
it.
你错了，并且是明知故犯。
②They’re
going
to
get
married,
and
what’s
more
they’re
setting
up
in
business
together.
他们就要结婚了，而且还要在一起做生意。
拓展：
What’s
worse
更糟糕的是
in
addition
并且
besides
还有
He
missed
the
last
bus.
What
was
worse,
he
had
no
money
to
take
a
taxi.
他没赶上最后一班公共汽车，更糟的是，他没有钱坐出租车。
语法填空
Mary
has
been
fortunate
to
find
a
job
she
loves
and,
________
she
gets
well
paid
for
it.
答案：what’s
more　句意：很幸运，玛丽找到了一份她喜爱的工作，而且薪水也很多。由句意可知前后两句之间属于递进关系，用what’s
more，“而且”，符合句意。
(2)even
though＝even
if
即使；纵使
Even
though
I
have
to
sell
my
house,
I’ll
keep
my
business
going.
即使要卖掉我的房子，我还是要继续我的事业。
辨析：though,
even
though与even
if
三者都可以引导让步状语从句。
①though的意思是“虽然”，引出的从句说的是事实，用于句首时较庄重。
Though
it
seems
to
rain
this
morning,
it
has
turned
out
to
be
a
fine
day.
尽管上午看上去要下雨，可是现在是大晴天。
②even
if从句中含有强烈的假定性，而even
though则多以从句的内容为前提。
语法填空
①The
engineers
are
so
busy
that
they
have
zero
time
for
outdoor
sports
activities，________they
have
the
interest.
答案：even
if　句意：这些工程师太忙了，以至于即使他们有兴趣，也没有时间参加户外活动。even
if是“即使”的意思，符合句意。
②Tim
is
in
good
shape
physically
________
he
doesn't
get
much
exercise.
答案：even
though/if　句意：即使Tim不大锻炼，他的体型也很好。even
though即使，引导让步状语从句。
Para.
4
&
6
people's
attitude
Most
Londoners
are
not
happy
with
the
idea.
They
agree
that
London
has
a
traffic
problem,
but
the
congestion
charge
is
expensive,
and
limits
their
freedom
...
But
does
the
congestion
charge
work?
A
survey
carried
out
at
the
end
of
2003
suggests
it
does.
After
only
six
months,
traffic
coming
into
central
London
was
reduced
by
about
30
percent,
and
journey
times
by
15
percent.
More
people
used
public
transport
to
get
to
work
and
bicycles
were
suddenly
very
popular.
What's
more,
central
London
shops
did
not
use
business
even
though
there
were
fewer
cars.
1.
Most
Londoners
are
not
happy
with
the
idea.
2.
and
limits
their
freedom
...
3.
A
survey
carried
out
4.
suggeat表示建议，后面接宾语从句时，从句谓语动词用（should)
do
的虚拟形式
4.
what's
more
更多的是
=in
addition
be
not
happy
with
对...感到不满意
limit
one's
freedom
限制某人的自由
carry
out
a
survey
进行一项调查
But
there
are
a
few
people
who
think
the
charge
should
be
much
higher,
for
example
rich
businessmen
who
work
in
the
city
centre
and
can
easily
afford
it.
This
would
keep
even
more
cars
out
of
central
London,
and
the
roads
would
be
nearly
empty.
However,
there
are
no
plans
to
increase
the
charge.
A
few
people
think
the
charge
should
be
________.
More
cars
would
be
_____
_____
central
London,
and
the
roads
would
be
nearly
________.
higher
out
of
empty
keep...out
of使...不进入
Learn
more
about
London
and
the
“congestion
charge”
1.
What's
the
traffic
condition
in
London?
Traffic
jams
in
London
are
legendary
and
its
particularly
________
on
a
______________
whenever
one
is
trying
to
get
out
of
the
city
and
a
____________
whenever
one
is
trying
to
get
back
in.
2.
What
the
reason
behind
it?
Although
London
is
big,
streets
are
still
very
________.
A
lot
of
streets
are
only
wide
enough
for
old-fashioned
carriages.
3.
Why
is
British
government
trying
to
fix
congestion
for
a
long
time?
Firstly,
congestion
is
__________;
secondly,
it's
bad
for
_______________.
Friday
night
Sunday
night
small
dangerous
the
environment
bad
very
famous
and
talked
about
a
lot
by
people
solve
4.
How
does
the
congestion
charge
work?
In
__________,
the
congestion
charge
arrived.
The
driver
pay
?8
for
every
vehicle
into
certain
zones
of
the
city
between
________
and
_________
on
weekdays.
There
are
many
ways
to
pay
the
charge,
such
as
paying
it
_________,
_________________,
or
in
some
shops.
Besides,
the
driver
can
pay
the
charge
in
advance
and
those
who
forget
to
pay
it
will
face
a
_____________.
2003
7
a.m.
6
p.m.
online
over
the
telephone
heavy
fine
a
thing
that
is
used
for
transporting
people
or
goods
from
one
place
to
another
areas
NEW
YORK’S
congestion
is
among
the
worst
in
the
world,
according
to
a
report
published
in
January
last
year.
Crossing
midtown
by
car
is
annoying.
In
2016
the
average
speed
was
4.7
miles
per
hour,
not
much
quicker
than
a
quick
and
energetic
walk.
But
relief
is
in
sight.
On
April
1st,
state
lawmakers
agreed
to
implement①
congestion-pricing,
making
New
York
the
first
big
American
city
to
do
so.
By
2021
vehicles
will
have
to
pay
to
enter
Manhattan
south
of
60th
street.
______________________________
adapted
from
The
Economist
solution
Manhattan
embraces
road
pricing
What’s
the
title
of
this
article?
①
implement:
put
sth.
into
effect
problem
Manhattan
embraces
road
pricing
Similar
suggestions
go
back
50
years
but
have
always
been
end
up
with
nothing.
The
Regional
Plan
Association
put
forward
road-pricing
in
1996.
Michael
Bloomberg’s
2007
plan
was
not
even
debated
on
the
state
legislature
floor.
This
time,
with
Andrew
Cuomo,
the
state
governor,
in
power
and
Bill
de
Blasio,
New
York’s
mayor,
in
support
of
it,
it
looks
as
if
this
time
is
different.
What’s
the
author’s
attitude
towards
the
suggestion?
Favorable
Negative
Doubtful
Indifferent
If
done
right,
congestion-pricing
could
be
expanded
beyond
Manhattan.
New
York
can
learn
from
other
cities.
Singapore,
for
instance,
which
has
had
pricing
for
decades,
adjusts
prices
regularly.
It
can
also
learn
from
mistakes.
London,
which
rolled
out②
its
pricing
in
2003,
strangely
is
only
starting
to
charge
on-demand
car
hires
like
Uber.
Stockholm
exempted③
too
many
vehicles,
which
caused
a
drop
in
fee
revenue④.
roll
out:
carry
out
exempt:
to
give
or
get
sb's
official
permission
not
to
do
sth
or
not
to
pay
sth
they
would
normally
have
to
do
or
pay
revenue:
the
money
that
a
government
receives
from
taxes
the
author’s
suggestions
Other
car-jammed
cities
considering
tolls⑤,
including
Los
Angeles,
Philadelphia,
Portland,
San
Francisco
and
Seattle,
are
watching
New
York.
A
mayor-appointed
task
force⑥
in
Boston
recommended
a
$5
fee,
but
so
far
Marty
Walsh,
the
mayor,
is
pumping
the
brakes.
Moody’s,
a
credit-rating
agency
(信用评价机构),
said
the
plan
is
a
“credit
positive”
for
the
city,
the
state
and
the
Metropolitan
Transportation
Authority.
The
only
possible
roadblock
to
the
scheme
is
New
Yorkers
themselves—54%
oppose
fees.
toll:
similar
to
“congestion-pricing”
task
force:
(为处理某一特定问题而暂时组成的)工作组
How’s
the
plan
going?
Reasons
for
traffic
jams
large
population
breaking
traffic
rules
new
drivers
bad
weather
road
work
the
streets
are
narrrow
Group
Discussion
Can
you
provide
more
solutions
to
the
problem?
traffic
rules
bike
sharing
....
Solutions
to
Traffic
Jams
minibus
underground
drivers
/cyclist...
少开一天车、给“母亲”一份安宁;
多骑一天车、还自己一份健康
The
less
you
drive
a
car,
the
more
peaceful
the
earth
will
be;
The
more
you
ride
a
bike,
the
healthier
you
will
be.
Homework
Write
an
article
about
“Green
Commuting”.