上海牛津版七年级下（新版)知识点和语法点（超全87页）

U1
一、必会词汇
1.
guide
n.＆v.
(1)
guide作名词时，可以表示：
①导游：The
guide
took
us
around
the
Palace
Museum.
导游带我们参观了故宫。
②导游手册(相当于guidebook)：Do
you
need
a
guide?
It
tells
you
a
lot
about
the
Forbidden
City.
你需要一本导游手册吗？它会告诉你很多关于紫禁城的信息。
③指南：A
Guide
to
English
Grammar
《英语语法指南》
(2)
guide作动词时，可以表示“为……领路，带领”的意思。如：
Martin
guided
him
to
the
reception
room.
马丁把他领到接待室。
2.
tour
n.
旅行，旅游
Last
summer,
we
had
a
tour
of
the
oldest
museum
in
the
country.
去年夏天，我们参观了这个国家最古老的博物馆。
【拓展】
tourist
n.
游客，旅游者
tour
v.
旅游，旅行，参观：She
spent
her
vacation
touring
Italy.
她去了意大利旅行度假。
3.
reason
n.
原因，理由
The
reason
why
she
was
late
was
that
she
forgot
to
set
the
clock.
她迟到的原因是因为忘记了定闹钟。
【近义词】
cause
n.
原因，起因，缘故；理由
【拓展】
reasonable
adj.
合理的，明智的
4.
grand
adj.
（用于大建筑物等的名称）大的，宏伟的，宏大的
the
Grand
Canyon大峡谷
【拓展】
grand还有很多其他的含义，如：
(1)壮丽的，富丽堂皇的，重大的：It's
not
a
very
grand
house.
这房子并非富丽堂皇。
(2)宏大的，宏伟的，有气派的：The
people
in
Tokyo
built
their
city
on
a
grand
scale.
东京人大力兴建自己的城市。
5.
theatre
n.
剧院
There
are
two
theatres
in
the
city.
这个城市有两个剧院。
【记忆链接】
go
to
the
theatre去看戏
6.
oriental
adj.
东方的
oriental一词常常用来表示“东方的”或“亚洲的”文明或事物。
oriental
countries/languages/customs东方国家／语言／风俗
oriental
beauty东方美人
oriental
civilization/art东方文明／艺术
【拓展】Orient
n.
东方
7.
century
n.
世纪
It
was
built
in
the
19th
century.
它建于19世纪。
【拓展】
century
n.
百年：This
book
was
written
centuries
ago.
这本书是好几百年前写的。
8.
technology
n.
科技；工艺；工程技术
The
scientists
today
have
put
forward
more
and
more
technology
theories.
当今的科学家提出了越来越多的科技理论。
【拓展】
technologist
n.
技术员；工艺师，（工程技术）专家
9.
sightseeing
n.
观光，游览
Some
people
like
to
climb
the
mountains,
but
I
prefer
sightseeing.
一些人喜欢爬山，但我更喜欢去观光。
a
sightseeing
bus旅游车
a
sightseeing
tour观光旅游
【记忆链接】
go
sightseeing去观光
10.
view
n.
景色，风景
The
view
from
the
top
of
the
tower
is
fantastic.
从塔顶远眺景色颇为奇妙。
view还可作名词时，有如下含义：
(1)(可数名词)
意见；观点：In
my
view,
she
has
done
nothing
wrong.
依我看，她没做错什么。
(2)(不可数名词)视野：The
garden
was
hidden
from
view
behind
a
high
wall.
那个花园因被一堵高墙挡住而看不见了。
【拓展】
viewer
n.
电视观众
11.
therefore
adv.
因此，所以
I
was
ill,
and
therefore
could
not
attend
the
conference.
我病了，所以不能参加会议。
He
has
broken
his
leg
and
therefore
he
can't
walk.
他摔坏了腿，因此走不了路。
指点迷津：therefore
与
so
两词同义，但词性不同：前者是副词，而后者是连词。在用法上举例如下：
It
rained.
Therefore,
we
didn't
have
the
match.
下雨了。因此我们没有举行比赛。
=It
rained,
so
we
didn't
have
the
match.
12.
surprising
adj.
令人惊奇的
It
is
surprising
that
he
made
friend
with
the
stranger
immediately.
令人惊讶的是，他马上就与那个陌生人成了朋友。
【拓展】
surprise
v.使吃惊；使感到意外
The
news
surprised
us
all.
这消息使我们大吃一惊。
surprise
n.
吃惊：To
my
surprise,
the
plan
succeeded.
令我感到惊奇的是，那个计划居然成功了。
surprised
adj.
感到惊讶的
He
was
surprised
that
his
father
had
sold
the
farm.
他对父亲已卖掉农场一事感到惊讶。
2、必会词组
1
have/has
been
to
曾经去过
2
decide
to
do
sth
决定做某事
3
take
part
in
参加活动
4
design
a
travel
guide
设计一份旅游指南
5
make
some
suggestions
给出一些建议
6
in
the
centre/south
of
在...中心/南部
7
get
on
with
进展
8
be
famous
for
sth
以...而著名
9
be
known
as
被认为
10
the
centre
of
ShangHai
上海的中心
11
between
A
and
B
在A和B之间
12
take
sb
to
someplace
带某人去某地
13
go
to
someplace
for
sightseeing
and
fun
去某地观光游玩
14
floating
restaurants
水上餐厅
15
think
of
想出
三、必会语法
I.
情态动词易混点辨析
易混点
1：must和have
to
1)
两词都是'必须'的意思,
have
to表示客观的需要;
must
表示说话人主观上的必要。
My
brother
was
very
ill,
so
I
had
to
call
the
doctor
in
the
middle
of
the
night.　
He
said
that
they
must
work
hard.
2)
have
to有人称、数、时态的变化,
而must只有一种形式。
He
had
to
look
after
his
sister
yesterday.
3)
否定结构中:
don't
have
to表示"不必",
mustn't表示"禁止"。
You
don't
have
to
tell
him
about
it.　
You
mustn't
tell
him
about
it.　　　　
易混点2：
can和could
1)
用在疑问句中表示征求对方意见时，could比can更加委婉礼貌。
Could
I
borrow
your
dictionary?
Can
I
borrow
your
dictionary?
2)
用在过去时句子中只能用could
I
couldn’t
swim
well
when
I
was
a
kid
but
now
I
am
a
good
swimmer.
At
the
age
of
ten,
I
could
remember
things
very
quickly.
易混点
3:
need
3)
基本用法
need
sth.
need
to
do
sth.
I
don’t
need
any
drinks
because
I
have
had
enough.
You
needn’t
wash
your
car.
It’s
going
to
rain
soon.
=You
don’t
need
to
wash
your
car.
It’s
going
to
rain
soon.
易混点4:
shall和should
1)
shall用于句型
“Shall
I/we
do…?”
Shall
we
get
together
and
have
a
party
tonight?
Shall
I
tell
you
how
to
do
it?
2)
should用来表示建议、责任、义务时，可译为“应该，应当”，此时可用ought
to替换。
We
should
try
our
best
to
help
each
other.
=We
ought
to
try
our
best
to
help
each
other.
易混点5:
had
better和would
rather
1)
“had
better+动词原形(do)”
意为“最好做……”，否定句式为had
better
not
do
sth.
We’d
better
leave
now
as
it’s
getting
dark
outside.
You’d
better
not
have
more
sweet
food
or
you
will
become
even
heavier.
2)
“would
rather+动词原形(do)”
意为“宁可，宁愿”，否定句式为would
rather
not
do
sth.
I
would
rather
stay
at
home
on
a
rainy
day.
They
would
rather
not
say
anything
else.
II.
情态动词重难点复习
一.情态动词相关的提问与回答
1)
may提问
—May
I
come
in?
—Yes,
please.
—May
I
borrow
your
bike?
—Certainly.
—May
I
take
this
book
out
of
the
reading-room?
—No,
you
can’t
/mustn’t.
2)
must提问
—Must
I
do
my
homework
now?
—Yes,
you
must/have
to.
—No,
you
needn’t./don’t
have
to.
3)
can/could提问
—Can/Could
I
use
your
computer?
—Yes,
you
can.
—No,
you
can’t./I’m
afraid
not.
4)
need提问
—Need
I
finish
it
now?
—Yes,
you
must.
—No,
you
needn't.
二.情态动词表猜测用法
1)
肯定猜测：must
(一定)＞may
(可能)＞might
They
look
almost
the
same.
They
must
be
twins.
It’s
12:30
now.
He
must
be
there
by
now.
This
may
be
true
but
no
one
can
say
for
sure.
We
might
go
abroad
sometime
next
year
but
it
hasn’t
been
decided.
2)
否定猜测：can’t
(不可能)＞may
not
(可能不)＞might
not
He
can’t
be
in
the
office
because
the
light
is
off.
They
can’t
be
hungry
as
they
had
a
big
cake
only
half
an
hour
ago.
U2
1、必会词汇
1.
stupid
adj.
愚蠢的，笨的
Why
are
you
so
stupid
at
this
matter?
【近义词】
foolish
adj.
愚蠢的，鲁莽的
silly
adj.
傻的，愚蠢的
2.
action
n.
动作
It's
time
for
action.
Actions
speak
louder
than
words.
【拓展】
act
v.行动
3.
robber
n.
盗贼
They
kept
a
close
eye
on
the
robber.
【拓展】
rob
v.
抢劫
robbery
n.
抢劫案
【近义词】
thief
n.
贼，小偷
4.
hate
v.
讨厌，不喜欢
I
hate
to
talk
with
mouthful
food.
I
hate
having
to
tell
you,
but
you've
failed
in
the
driving
test.
【拓展】
hate
to
do
something=hate
doing
something讨厌做某事
【近义词】
dislike
v.
不喜欢
【反义词】
like
v.喜欢
love
v.
爱，喜欢
5.
adventure
n.
冒险，奇遇
All
the
children
listened
to
his
adventures
with
full
attention.
【链接】
What
an
adventure!啊呀，真险！
6.
princess
n.
公主
Princess
Anne
is
the
daughter
of
Queen
Elizabeth.
7.
prince
n.
王子
The
prince
lived
in
a
large
and
beautiful
castle.
8.
duration
n.
持续时间
We
hope
the
war
will
be
of
short
duration.
9.
laughter
n.
笑，笑声
I
can
hear
his
laughter
even
in
the
next
room.
【拓展】
laugh
v.大笑，发笑
10.
cowboy
n.
牛仔
One
evening
the
school
showed
a
cowboy
film.
11.
diary
n.（工作日程）记事簿
I
notice
you
keep
a
diary
all
the
time.
12.
pay
v.付费
He
didn't
pay
me
anything.
【拓展】
pay
n.
工资，报酬：The
workers
ask
for
higher
pay.
13.
altogether
adv.总共，一共
Altogether
there
were
18
people
in
the
bus.
【近义词】
in
all总共，全部
14.
price
n.
价格
What
is
the
price
of
this
pair
of
trousers?
=
How
much
is
this
pair
of
trousers?或How
much
does
this
pair
of
trousers
cost?
【拓展】
precious
adj.
高价的，昂贵的，贵重的，宝贵的
15.
avenue
n.
大街
Fifth
Avenue
is
a
good
place
for
shopping.
指点迷津:
avenue,
street,
road,
lane
和way
avenue指“宽敞的大路或街道，通常是城镇两边有树的、通往较大建筑的大街”，street指“城镇里较窄、短的重要的街道，两旁多有建筑物”；road指“较长、宽的路，通常是行驶车辆，且穿过城镇或连接其他城镇的道路”；lane指“乡间的小路或城镇里狭窄的胡同、街道”；way指“通向某一处的道路”。
16.
bookshop
n.
书店
I
found
this
book
in
a
second-hand
bookshop
in
Edinburgh.
【近义词】
bookstore
n.
书店
17.
route
n.
路线
与route搭配的形容词多用long或short，而不用far或close。
We
came
by
a
longer
route
than
usual.
Which
is
the
shortest
route
to
the
supermarket?
2、必会词组
1.
take
/
have
a
look
at…
看一看（look
n.）
look
at
看一看
（look
v.）
look
link
v.+
adj.
e.g.
The
building
looks
great.
2.
action
film
动作片
love
story
爱情电影
cartoon
卡通片
exciting
film
惊险片
cowboy
story
西部片
horror
film
恐怖片police
story
警匪片funny
film
喜剧片detective
story
侦探片adventure
film
冒险故事
3.
turn
right
向右转
相对应的是
turn
left
向左转
walk
along…
沿着…走walk
up
向北走walk
down
向南走
4.What
about
“Police
Story”?
(
what
about用于表示提建议)
表示建议还可以用以下句型：
Let’s
go
to
see
“Police
Story”,
(
shall
we)?
Shall
we
go
to
see
“Police
Story”?
Why
not
go
to
see
“Police
Story”?
What/
How
about
go
to
see
“Police
Story”?
Why
don’t
we
go
to
see
“Police
Story”?
5.
地点，方位的表达方式
on
the
top
of…
在…的顶部at
the
bottom
of…
在…的底部on
the
right
of…
在…的右边
on
the
left
of…
在…的左边in
the
centre
of…
在…的中间
6.
read
a
film
guide
阅读电影指南
7.
discuss
which
film
to
see
讨论看哪部电影
8.
a
love
story
about…一个关于…的爱情故事
full
of
laughter
and
fun
充满笑声和趣事
laugh
笑
（V.）laughter
笑声（n.）
be
full
of
充满
full
是个形容词，表示满的，饱的
be
full
of
与
be
filled
with
是近义词，同时要注意
fill……with……的用法（用。。。装满。。。）
e.g.
The
room
is
full
of
people.这间屋里挤满了人----The
room
is
filled
with
people.
9.
a
film
with
a
lot
of
action
一部充满动作的电影
10.
the
most
exciting
film
of
the
year
本年度最激动人心的电影
11.
miss
the
cartoon
错过那部卡通片12.
walk
along…沿着…走
13.
get
there
from
my
home
从我家到哪儿14.
on
the
left/right
在左边/右边
15.
get
to…
from…
从…到…16.
the
way
to
the
cinema到电影院的路
17.
turn
left/
right…into_______(street/road)
向左/右拐进…路/街道
三、必会知识点
1.
two
forty-five
show
2点45分的电影
英语国家常用时间来表示电影的某个场次。另外，公交车，火车的班次也是用时间来表示。
seven
thirty
bus
7点30分的公交车
two
forty-five
train
2点45分的火车
2.
How
long
is
the
film?
how
long
引导的特殊疑问句，用于询问“时间”（多久）
①
for+一段时间
②
It
takes
sb.
time
to
do
sth.
③
since+时间点
How
far…?
用于问距离，长短How
soon…?
用于问多久之后，常对”in+一段时间”提问
How
often…?
用于问频率，如：sometimes,
twice
a
weekHow
much…?
用于问价格、数量（不可数名词）、程度
How
many…?
用于问数量（可数名词）How
heavy…?
用于问体重How
tall…?
用于问身高
How
long…?
用于问长度How…?
用于问方式、程度
3.
Kitty,
how
can
I
get
there
from
my
home?
How
can
I
get
to…?
常用于问路
=
Could/
Can
you
tell
me
the
way
to…?
客气/委婉/礼貌
turn
left
into…
左转进入…
walk
straight
ahead
向前直走
4.
like
the
film
about
adventures
—So
do
I
.(Me
too)
—I
don’t
like
the
film
about
adventures
—Neither
do
I
.
so+助动词/情态动词/系动词/+主语，表示“…也”，具体时态要跟上句一致
neither+助动词/情态动词/系动词/+主语
表示“与他人做法一致，也不…”具体时态也要跟上句一致
e.g.
They
ate
a
lot
of
food.
So
did
we.
They
didn’t
eat
a
lot
of
food.
Neither
did
we.
I
can
reach
the
shelf..
So
can
I.
I
can’t
reach
the
shelf.
Neither
can
I.
5.
Which
film
would
you
like
to
see
this
Saturday?
本周六你想看哪部电影？
—I’d
like
to
see
…….
我想看。。。
6.
How
much
are
they
going
to
pay
for
the
tickets
altogether?
他们总共要花多少钱买这些票？
altogether—in
all
总共
pay
…
for…花。。。钱买。。。
e.g.
I
need
to
pay
40
yuan
for
the
film
ticket.
7.问路和一些回答：
-----How
can
I
get
there
from
my
home
?/
which
is
the
way
to……?
----Turn
right（left）into
…….
Walk
along
Green
Street
.
You
will
see
……
on
your
left
8.
What
about
Police
Story?
去看警察故事这部电影怎么样？
What
about
+
名词/动名词?=
How
about
+
名词/动名词?
表示“做什么事情如何？”
e.g.
What
about
going
to
the
cinema?
9
.
Shall
we
see
“Swan
Lake”
then?
我们去看天鹅湖好吗？
shall
是情态动词,表示建议。
e.g.
Shall
we
go
shopping
tomorrow?
表示建议的句型还有：
Let’s
go
to
see
“Swan
Lake”,
shall
we?
Why
not
go
to
see
“Swan
Lake”?
四、必会语法
I.让步状语从句
表示让步含义的从句结构，它主要有although，though(尽管,虽然)等连词引导。让步状语在句中可前置，也可后置。
前置时，强调的是主句的内容；
后置时，强调的是从句的内容。
e.g.
Although/though
he
is
tired,
he
still
finishes
his
work
on
time.
虽然他很累，但仍然按时完成了工作。
He
knows
what
to
do，although/though
he
is
a
child.
他知道该做什么，尽管他是一个孩子。
【注意】
让步状语从句中不可再使用but等并列连词，但可以用yet，still等连接副词来加强语气。
e.g.
Although/Though
he
worked
hard
at
Maths,
yet
he
didn’t
pass
the
exam.
虽然他很努力地学习数学，但仍然考试不及格。
Although/Though
her
father
is
very
old,
he
is
still
working.
虽然她的父亲年迈，但他仍然坚持工作。
II.结果状语从句
(1)结果状语从句由so…that,引导。表示
"如此……以至于…"
例如：
He
is
so
poor
that
he
can’t
buy
a
bike
for
his
son.
he
is
so
young
that
she
can't
look
after
herself.
The
boy
ran
so
fast
that
I
couldn't
catch
him.
He
was
so
angry
that
he
couldn't
say
a
word.
(2)结果状语从句和too……to
do（太···而不能····）以及enough
+形容词/副词+to
do（足够的···可以···）的转换。
以“so...that”引导的结果状语从句可以转换成不定式的简单句，即可转换为“...enough
to...”或“...too...to”句型.
1.
so...that”与“enough
to
do
sth.”的转换。例如：
The
man
is
so
strong
that
he
can
lift
the
heavy
box.→
The
man
is
strong
enough
to
lift
the
heavy
box.
He
was
so
clever
that
he
can
understand
what
I
said.
→
He
was
clever
enough
to
understand
what
I
said.
2.
so...that”与“enough
for
sb.
to
do
sth.”的替换。例如：
The
question
is
so
easy
that
I
can
work
it
out.
→
The
question
is
easy
enough
for
me
to
work
out.
The
box
is
so
light
that
he
can
carry
it.
→
The
box
is
light
enough
for
him
to
carry.
3.
so...that”与“too...to”的替换。例如：
The
girl
is
so
young
that
she
can't
dress
herself.
→
The
girl
is
too
young
to
dress
herself.
I
was
so
tired
that
I
couldn't
go
on
with
the
work.
→
I
was
too
tired
to
go
on
with
the
work.
4.
当that从句是否定时，如果要用“too...to...”替换“so...that...”，则用介词for引出动词不定式的逻辑主语，可以用“too...for
sb.
to
do
sth.”来替换，注意不定式的宾语要省略。
U3
1、必会词汇
1.
since
prep.
从……以来；自从
I
haven’t
seen
him
since
August,
19th,
2007.
自从2007年8月19日我就没有再见过他。
指点迷津:
since
与
for
(1)
since用来指时间点，意指“从那时起到所指的时刻”。它常常和现在完成时连用。
He
has
been
here
since
Monday.
从星期一开始，他一直在这里。（从星期一到现在）
since也可以是时间连词，后接一个表示时间点的时间状语从句。
He
has
worked
for
us
ever
since
he
left
school.
他离开学校以后就一直为我们工作。
It
has
been
two
years
since
I
last
saw
Tom.
从我最后一次见汤姆到现在，已经有两年了。
相当于：I
last
saw
Tom
two
years
ago.
我最后一次见汤姆是在两年前。
I
haven't
seen
Tom
for
two
years.
我已经有两年没见过汤姆了。
(2)
for用来表示一段时间。如：for
six
years六年之久，for
two
months有两个月。
for十一段时间也可以与现在完成时连用，表示动作延续到说话的那一时刻。
He
has
worked
here
for
a
year.
他在这里工作已经有一年了。（一年前他就开始在这里工作并仍在这里工作。）
此时的“for十一段时间”也可以用“since+行动开始的那一刻”来代替。
He
has
worked
here
since
this
time
last
year.他从去年的这个时候起就在这里工作了。
2.
quite
adv.
相当；十分
Ann
is
quite
pretty.安长得很漂亮。
I
quite
like
watching
volleyball
games.
我很喜欢看排球比赛。
指点迷津:
fairly,
quite,
rather,
pretty
与very
(1)这几个副词都可表示程度，fairly语气最轻，尽管经常与褒义词连用，但由于语气较弱，往往不带明显的恭维或赞赏，通常译为“还算；相当”。比如说某部电影fairly
good，指的可能是勉强过得去。
(2)
quite语气稍重，意为“颇；相当”。比如说某部电影quite
good，指的是这部电影相当不错，虽不是最好，但至少值得看。
(3)
rather或pretty在语气上又稍重一点，意为“十分，相当”，但pretty不如rather正式。比如说某部电影rather/pretty
good，指的是这部电影相当不错，语气比较重，意指要高出一般水平或出乎意料的好。两者均可与褒义或贬义形容词连用。与褒义词连用，表示一种愉快的心情；与贬义或中性词连用，表示一种不赞成或不满意的心情。
(4)
very语气最强，意为“很；非常”。比如说某部电影very
good，指的是这部电影很不错，算得上是精品之作。
以上几个副词按语气的轻重排序是：fairly→quite→rather/pretty→very。
She
looked
rather/quite
nervous.
她显得相当紧张。
It's
a
very
interesting
book.
它是一本很有趣的书。
She
looked
rather/quite
disappointed
about
it.
她对此显得相当失望。
3.
machine
n.
机器；机器装置
They
bought
a
new
washing
machine
last
Sunday.
他们上周日买了一台新洗衣机。
【拓展】
machinery
n.（集合名词）机器：机械：机件
mechanic
n.
机工，技工，机械师
4.
waiter
n.
服务员；侍者
The
waiter
came
to
take
their
order.
服务员过来给他们点菜。
【拓展】
wait
v.
等待：等候
waitress
n.
女侍者；女服务员
5.
coach
n.（体育运动的）教练
Our
football
team
has
got
a
very
experienced
coach.
我们的足球队有一个很有经验的教练。
【拓展】
coach
v.
训练；指导
He
coaches
people
for
BEC
examinations.
他给准备参加剑桥商务英语考试的人进行辅导。
6.
train
v.
训练，培训
Mother
trained
us
to
be
honest.
母亲教育我们为人要诚实。
They
are
training
for
the
relay
race.
他们正在为接力比赛接受训练。
【拓展】
trainer
n.
训练员；教员，教练员
trainee
n.
受训练的人
7.
charge
n.
主管，掌管
She
is
in
charge
of
the
day-to-day
running
of
the
business.
她负责掌管日常业务。
8.
field
n.
田地
They
are
working
in
the
cotton
fields.
他们正在棉田里干活。
【友情提示】
field还有“场地”的意思。如：sports
field运动场。
9.
key
n.
钥匙
He
put
the
key
in
the
lock
and
turned
it.
他把钥匙插入锁里，然后转动钥匙。
【拓展】
key是一个多义词，作名词时还有如下含义：
(1)关键；要诀：The
key
to
the
whole
thing
was
his
jealousy.
整个事情的症结是因为他的妒忌心。
(2)答案：Do
you
know
the
key
to
the
problem?
你知道这道题的答案吗？
(3)（计算机或打字机的）键：Press
the
key
to
enter
the
information.
按这个键输入信息。
key还可作形容词，意为“主要的；关键的”。如：He
is
a
key
witness
in
this
case.
在这个案件中，他是一个主要的证人。
10.
ring
n.
小环；小圈
She
wears
a
wedding
ring
to
show
that
she's
married.
她戴着结婚戒指，表示她已婚。
Mary
has
got
a
new
pair
of
ear
rings.
玛丽有一副新耳环。
【拓展】
wedding
ring结婚戒指
ear
ring耳环
11.
cable
n.
缆绳
The
truck
used
a
cable
to
tow
the
car.
卡车用缆绳拖拽汽车。
【拓展】
cable
n.
电报
12.
fantastic
adj.
极好的
We
watched
a
fantastic
play
yesterday
evening.
昨天晚上我们看了一场非常精彩的戏剧。
2、必会词组
1.
a
visit
to
Garden
City
参观花园市
这里的
visit
是名词
visit
Garden
City
参观花园市
这里的
visit
是动词
They
paid
a
visit
to
Shanghai
Museum
last
week.
They
visited
Shanghai
Museum
last
week.
2.
the
Li
family
李家
3.
teach
maths
in
a
school
在一个学校教数学
The
person
who
teaches
maths
in
our
school
is
Miss
Guo.
Miss
Guo
teaches
us
maths
in
our
school
4.
be
an
architect（
an
engineer
）
work
as
an
architect
（an
engineer
）
He
has
been
an
architect
for
4
years.
He
has
worked
as
an
architect
for
4
years.
5.
quite
a
few
(years)
好几（年）
跟可数名词
He
has
made
quite
a
few
friends
since
he
came
here.
quite
a
little
（news
）
好些新闻
跟不可数名词
He
has
collected
quite
a
little
useful
news
since
he
surfed
the
net.
6.
for
12
years
12年
for
several
years
好几年
since
12
years
ago
自从12年起
since
several
years
ago
好几年前起
7.
draw
plans
of
buildings
画建筑图
8.
design
machines
设计机器
9．deliver
letters
送信
10.
train
someone
in
sport
在体育方面训练某人
11.
drive
a
bus
开车
12.
be
in
charge
of
a
school
负责主管一个学校
be
in
the
charge
of
a
school
由。。。负责主管一个学校
Mr
Gu
is
in
charge
of
our
class.
谷老师负责管理我们班级。
Our
class
is
in
the
charge
of
Mr
Gu.
我们班级由谷老师负责管理。
13.
shop
with
sb.
跟某人一起购物
这里的
是个动词。
I
usually
shop
with
my
mum
at
the
shopping
mall
on
Sundays.
I
usually
do
some
shopping
with
my
mum
at
the
shopping
mall
on
Sundays.
14.
tell
the
time
告知时间
The
child
is
old
enough
to
tell
the
time.
这个小孩已经能认识钟了。
15.
hold
the
keys
拴住钥匙
16.
take
the
cable
car
乘缆车17.
on
the
top
of
the
hill
在小山顶上
We
enjoy
the
nice
views
on
the
top
of
the
hill.
18.
carry
people
up
a
hill
把人带到山上
19.
have
a
good
time
玩得高兴
和enjoy
oneself
同意
The
children
had
a
good
time
at
the
beach
last
weekend.
The
children
enjoyed
themselves
at
the
beach
last
weekend.
三、必会知识点
1.
quite
a
few相当多；不少
I
have
been
in
Shanghai
for
quite
a
few
years.
我在上海已经待了很多年了。
quite
a
few是“相当多，不少”，与many意思相近，用于修饰可数名词的复数形式。
Quite
a
few
people
came
to
the
lecture.
有相当多的人来听演讲。
He
has
quite
a
few
friends.
他有不少朋友。
修饰不可数名词时，应用quite
a
little(相当多；不少)。
There
is
quite
a
little
rice
left
in
the
bag.
米袋里还剩下不少大米。
quite
a
little与much意思相近。
2.
in
charge
of负责掌管
The
chief
engineer
was
in
charge
of
directing
the
building
of
the
underground.
总工程师负责指挥地铁的建造。
I
am
in
charge
of
my
sister.
我在照看妹妹。
【拓展】
take
charge
of负责；照管；监理，担任
He
took
charge
of
the
farm
after
his
father's
death.
父亲去世后，他接管了农场。
3.
tell
the
time报时
What
do
you
use
to
tell
the
time?你用什么报时呢？
4.
have
a
good
time过得愉快
have
a
good
time与enjoy
oneself(greatly)“过得愉快，玩得高兴”意思相近。
Did
you
have
a
good
time
at
the
party
last
night?昨晚的聚会你玩得开心吗？
=Did
you
enjoy
yourself
at
the
party
last
night?
也常用have
a
great/nice
time等表示“玩得很高兴，过得很愉快”的意思。
四、必会语法
I．现在完成时　　
1.
基本结构：have/has
(not)
+过去分词
2.
现在完成时的时间状语
a.
基本用法
标志词
中文释义
用法特征
例句
already
已经
肯定句
He
has
already
got
her
help.
yet
还
否定句、疑问句
He
hasn't
come
back
yet.
just
刚刚
/
He
has
just
seen
the
film.
ever
曾经；从来
否定句、疑问句
This
is
the
best
film
I
have
ever
seen.　
never
从不
/
He
has
never
been
to
Beijing.
once,
twice,
three
times…
次数
/
He
says
he
has
been
to
the
USA
three
times.
b.
since+时间点;
for+时间段
标志词
+?
例句
since
过去时间点：1980;
Feb.
1st;
last
month
My
aunt
has
worked
in
a
clinic
since
1949.
ago:
5
minutes/hours/days/years
ago
I
have
been
here
since
five
months
ago.
从句：you
left/she
came
to
Shanghai
I
have
known
Xiao
Li
since
she
was
a
little
girl.
句型：It
is
(has
been)
+一段时间+
since+从句
It
is
two
years
since
I
became
a
postgraduate
student.
for
一段时间：5
days/weeks/months/years
We
have
studied
English
for
6
years.
c.
重点标志词
1.
so
far
“迄今为止”
She
has
passed
the
exam
so
far.　
So
far
the
work
has
been
easy
but
things
may
change.
2.
in
the
past
few
months/years
“近几月/年”
Great
changes
have
taken
place
in
the
past
few
years
in
Shanghai
His
oral
English
has
been
much
better
in
the
past
few
years.
3.
have
been
to,
have
gone
to和have
been
in区别
短语
中文释义
常用搭配
例句
have
been
to
“去过”，已经回来
次数;
once,
twice,
three
times
She
has
been
to
her
hometown
three
times.
have
been
in
“在…”
for
+一段时间
She
has
been
in
her
hometown
for
over
3
years.
have
gone
to
“去了”，还没回来
问答形式
--Where
is
Jane?
--She
has
gone
to
her
hometown
to
visit
her
grandparents.
4.
动词持续性表达
短暂性表达
延续性表达
have
borrowed
have
kept
(keep)
have
bought
have
had
(have)
have
left
have
been
away
(be
away)
have
begun
have
been
on
(be
on)
have
openedhave
joined
have
been
openhave
been
in
(be
in)
U4
1、必会词汇
1.
anything
pron.
任何东西
I
don’
t
have
anything
but
will.
除了意志我一无所有。
Do
you
have
anything
to
say?
你有什么话要说吗？
【友情提示】
anything表示“某事；某物”，修饰anything的形容词应置于其后。anything多用于否定句、疑问句；也可表示“任何事；任何东西”，主要用于肯定句（有时也可用于其他句型）。
Has
anything
interesting
happened?
发生了什么有趣的事吗？
We
can’t
believe
anything
he
says.
无论他说什么，我们都不能相信。
I
want
something
to
eat,
and
anything
will
do.
我想弄点吃的，什么都行。
Did
you
hear
anything
interesting
there?
你在那儿有没有听说什么趣事？
2.
jeans
n.
牛仔裤
Lots
of
young
people
wear
jeans
nowadays.
现在，很多年轻人穿牛仔裤。
【友情提示】
在英语中，表示“裤子”的词通常都使用复数。如：trousers（长裤），pants（裤子），shorts（短裤）等。
3.
myself
pron.
我自己
I
learn
French
by
myself.
我自学法语。
I
finished
the
crossword
(all)by
myself.
我自己（一个人）猜出了纵横填字字谜。
4.
kid
n.
小孩
Our
kids
are
playing
football.
我们的孩子们正在踢足球。
【友情提示】
kid为口语，书面语中应使用child。
【拓展】
kid
v.
开玩笑；欺骗：I'm
not
kidding.
我没开玩笑。
5.
fashion
n.
时尚；流行
Long
skirts
have
come
into
fashion
again.
Jeans
are
still
in
fashion
too.
又开始流行长裙了。牛仔裤也还很时髦。
【拓展】
fashion
n.
时装：This
shop
always
sells
the
latest
fashions.
这家店总是卖最流行的时装。
fashionable
adj.
时髦的；流行的；时兴的
She
often
wears
a
fashionable
hat.
她常戴一顶时髦的帽子。
6.
super
adj.
超级的
That
was
a
super
meal.
那顿饭好极了。
His
new
car
is
super!
他的新车真棒！
【拓展】
supermarket
n.
超级市场
superman
n.
超人
【友情提示】
super没有比较级和最高级。
7.
spot
n.
斑点；点
She
had
spots
on
her
forehead
when
she
was
ill.
生病的时候，她额头上有一些斑点。
Some
spots
appear
on
his
legs.
他腿上出现了一些斑点。
【拓展】
spotless
adj.
纯洁的；没有污点的；无瑕疵的
She
wore
a
spotless
white
skirt.
她穿着一条洁白的短裙。
8.
neck
n.
衣领；领子
指点迷津:
neck
与
collar
这两个词在中文中虽然都有“衣领”的意思，但collar指的是有领服装的衣领，而neck指的是无领服装的领圈。此外，neck还可以指“脖子”，但collar无此意。
9.
check
n.
方格图案；格子；方格
Do
you
like
these
curtains
with
checks?
你喜欢这些有格子图案的窗帘吗？
【拓展】
check
v.
核对，检查
Passengers
should
check
in
for
Flight
BA
125
to
Berlin
now.
乘英航125航班去柏林的旅客现在请办理登机手续。
check
n.
支票
Do
you
want
to
pay
by
check?你要付支票吗？
10.
excuse
v.原谅
Please
excuse
my
bad
handwriting.
请原谅我的字写得不好。
【拓展】
excuse
n.
理由；借口
His
excuse
for
being
late
was
that
he
had
missed
the
train.
他迟到的理由是没有赶上那班火车。
11.
certainly
adv.当然；行
This
certainly
is
his
excuse.
这一定是他的借口。
-Will
you
lend
me
some
money?
你能借一点钱给我吗？
-Certainly!行！
【近义词】
surely
adv.
无疑；必定
【反义词】
doubtfully
adv.
怀疑地；含糊地
【拓展】
certain
adj.
确定的；无疑的；必然的
12.
loose
adj.
宽松的
She
wore
a
loose
dress
yesterday.
昨天她穿了一条宽松的连衣裙。
I
have
got
a
loose
tooth.
我有一颗牙齿松动了。
【反义词】
tight
adj.
紧身的；紧的
【拓展】
loosen
v.
放松；使松弛
13.
tight
adj.
紧身的；紧的
The
shoes
are
too
tight
for
me.
这双鞋子我穿太紧了。
He
made
sure
that
the
rope
was
tight.
他确信绳子拉紧了。
【拓展】
tighten
v.
收紧；拉紧
14.
medium
adj.
中等的；中号的
He
is
of
medium
height.
他是中等身高。
【友情提示】
服装的尺寸大小依次是：extra-small(特小号，XS)，small(小号，S)，medium(中号，M)，large(大号，L)，extra-large(特大号，XL)。
二、必会词组
1.
live
in
the
same
block
of
flats
住在同一幢楼
2.
make
sick
people
better
使病人康复
3.
an
architect
一位建筑设计师
4.
draw
plans
of
buildings
画建筑图纸
5.
a
construction
company
一家建筑公司
6.
type
letters
打字
7.
type
v.
–typewriter
n.
–typist
n.
打字
v.
-打字机n.
-打字员
n.
8.
a
removal
man
一个搬运工
9.
a
removal
company
一家搬运公司
10.
move
furniture
to
people’s
flats
搬家具到人们家
11.
much
furniture
许多家具
12.
a
piece
of
furniture
一件家具
13.
work
in
a
hospital
在医院工作
14.
work
in
an
office
在办公室工作
15.
work
for
a
construction
company
为一家建筑公司工作
16.
What
job
do
they
do?/
What
are
their
jobs?/
What
are
they?
他们做什么工作？
17.
They
have/do
different
jobs.
他们做不同的工作。
18.
neighbourhood
n.
街区
neighbour
n.邻居
19.
wears
a
uniform
at
work
在工作中穿制服？
20.
an
ambulance
worker
一位救护人员
21.
drive
sick
people
to
the
hospital
quickly.
快速地把病人送进医院
22.
rescue
people
/
save
people
救人
23.
deliver
letters
and
parcels
送信和包裹
24.
make
…
a
safe
place
使…成为一个安全的地方
25.
meet
sb.
in
the
lift
在电梯里遇见某人
26.
in
the
city
centre=
in
the
centre
of
the
city
在市中心
27.
go
to
meetings
=
attend
meetings
参加会议
28.
take
notes
for
the
manager
为经理记录笔记
29.
a
survey
on
jobs
一个关于工作的调查
30.
waiter
n.
男性服务员
waitress
n.
女性服务员
n.
31.
come
towards
朝…过来
32.
knock
sb.
down
把某人撞倒
33.
catch
fire
=
be
on
fire
着火
34.
motorcycle
--
motorcyclist
摩托车--摩托车手
35.
be
hurt
/
get
hurt
in
an
accident
在事故中受伤
36.
arrive
at
到达+小地点
arrive
in
到达+大地点
37.
a
broken
arm
折断的手臂
38.
a
broken
leg
折断的腿
39.
stop
the
traffic
拦下交通
40.
call
the
fire
engine
打电话叫消防车
41.
at
the
scene
of
the
accident
在事故现场
42.
take
sb.
home
把某人带回家
43.
carry
into
the
ambulance搬进救护车
44.
two
days
later两天以后
45.
ran
away
逃跑
46.
immediately
ad.
立刻
47.
on
his
way
to
school
在他上学的路上
48.
on
my
way
home
在我回家的路上
49.
on
their
way
to
the
cinema在他们去电影院的路上
50.
street
cleaners街道清扫工
51.
sweep
the
streets
扫马路
52.
collect
rubbish
收垃圾
53.
empty
the
rubbish
bin
清空垃圾箱
54.
see
sb.
doing
sth.
看见某人正在做某事
55.
start
work
early
早早开始工作
56.
sell
sth.
to
sb.
把某物卖给某人
57.
sell
v.
出售
seller
n.卖家
salesman
n
销售员
sale
n.
销售
58.
on
sale
打折促销
for
sale供销售
59.
buy
sth.
from
sb.
从某人那里购买某物
60.
buy
sth.
for
sb.
为某人购买某物
61.
bake
v.
烘烤
baker
n.面包师
bakery
n.面包房
62.
a
flower
shop一家花店
63.
a
newspaper
stall
一个报摊
三、必会知识点
1.
all
right意为“好的”，与OK意思相近。
指点迷津：all
right,
that’s
all
right,
I’m
all
right
与that’s
right
(1)
all
right表示“好；没有问题”，相当于OK，sure或“course，用于表示赞同别人的建议或者回应别人的问题。
-Shall
we
watch
TV
now?我们现在看电视好吗？
-All
right.
好啊！
当all
right用于问句中则表示“可以吗？”的意思。
Let's
begin
our
class.
All
right?我们开始上课，可以吗？
(2)
that’s
all
right表示“没关系；别客气”，当别人对你表示“感谢”或“抱歉”时都可以使用。
-Thank
you
for
helping
me
solve
that
problem.
谢谢你帮我解决那个问题。
-That's
all
right.
别客气。
-I’m
sorry
to
keep
you
waiting
for
so
long.
对不起，让你久等了。
-That's
all
right.
没关系。
(3)
I'm
all
right表示I'm
fine/well的意思，指“本人身体好”。
-How
are
you
doing
these
days?
你最近好吗？
-I’m
all
right.
我很好啊。
(4)
that's
right表示“那是对的；那是正确的”。
-Miss
Lin,
is
the
answer
5?
林老师，答案是5吗？
-Yes,
that's
right.
是的，答案正确。
2.
excuse
me是常用短语，意为“劳驾；请原谅”。
Excuse
me,
what
time
is
it?
劳驾，现在几点了？
Excuse
me
for
being
late.
原谅我迟到了。
指点迷津:
excuse
me
和I’m
sorry
excuse
me和I'm
sorry(可省略为sorry)虽然都可译为“请原谅；对不起”，但它们的使用场合并不完全相同。
(1)
excuse
me的适用场合：
a)向人问路时。
Excuse
me,
which
is
the
way
to
Rose
Garden
School?请问，到玫瑰花园学校怎么走？
b)因失礼而请求别人原谅时。如：
Excuse
me,
I'm
late.请原谅，我来迟了。
c)请求许可时。
Excuse
me,
may
I
look
at
that
book?对不起，我可以看看那本书吗？
d)客气地纠正别人的话时。
Excuse
me,
but
I
don't
think
you
are
right.
对不起，但我认为你是不对的。
e)在席间或聚会场合中需离开片刻时。
Excuse
me,
a
while/just
a
moment.
对不起，我离开一会儿。/对不起，我失陪一下。
回答别人说的excuse
me时，可用That's
all
right.
/Certainly.
/Never
mind.
等。
(2)
I'm
sorry(sorry)的使用场合：
a)当自己要说的话或要做的事可能引起对方不快时。
I'm
sorry,
but
I
don't
think
I
know
you.
对不起，我想我不认识你。
b)当自己无法帮对方的忙时。
Sorry,
I
don’t
know.
对不起，我不知道。
c)当自己无法做某事时。
Sorry,
I
can't
be
there
so
early.
对不起，我不能这么早到那儿。
d)当自己说错了话或做错了事以后。
I'm
very
sorry,
Tom.
I
take
back
what
I
said.
很对不起，汤姆，我收回说过的话。
e)当自己听到别人的不幸消息时。
I’m
sorry
to
hear
that.
听到那个消息我很难过。
I’m
sorry后可跟“介词for+动名词”结构、动词不定式或宾语从句。
I’m
sorry
for
having
kept
you
waiting
so
long.
真对不起，让你久等了。
相当于：I’
m
sorry
to
have
kept
you
waiting
so
long.
回答别人说的I’m
sorry时，常用：It’s
all
right.
/That’
s
all
right.
/That's
OK.
/
It
doesn't
matter.
/Not
at
all.等。
四、语法
1.一般现在时
用法
例句
表示经常反复发生的动作，现在的习惯或状态，常与often,always,usually,every
day
,sometimes,never,once
a
day,seldom等时间状语连用
He
goes
to
work
every
day
.Mike
is
an
American
.I
often
go
to
the
park
with
my
parents.
表示客观的事实或普遍真理。
The
earth
goes
around
the
sun.The
water
boils
at
100
degrees.
在连词when
,before
,if
,as
soon
as.until
等引导的时间和条件状语从句中，从句的失态常用一般现在时表示将来时
I
will
call
you
as
soon
as
i
arrive.If
i
feel
better,i
will
go
with
you
tomorrow.
2.一般疑问句
一般疑问句，常用来询问一件事情货一种情况是否属实。
用法
例句
Be+主语+其他成分
-Is
he
interested
in
sport?-Yes
,he
is.
助动词+主语+动词+其他成分
-Does
he
wear
a
uniform?-Yes,he
does.
3.一般过去时
用法
例句
表示过去某个特定的时间发生的动作或存在的状态
I
ate
some
cakes
just
now.
表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态
I
used
to
listen
to
the
radio
in
the
morning
.
表示过去连续发生的一系列动作
I
got
up
at
7o’clock,brushed
my
teeth
.
4.状语从句
连词
用法特点
例句
too…to
=not
enough
to
do
sth.
=
so…that
not
(从句)
The
book
was
too
old
to
use.=The
book
was
not
new
enough
to
use.=The
book
was
so
old
that
I
couldn’t
use
it.
when
主句：过去进行时；从句：一般过去时
We
were
preparing
the
meal
when
the
earthquake
happened.
while
从句：进行时
My
father
is
cooking
while
I
am
watching
TV.The
telephone
rang
while
I
was
having
breakfast.
since
主句：现在完成时；从句：一般过去时It
is/has
been+一段时间+
since+一过
I
have
read
this
book
twice
since
it
came
out.It
is
three
years
since
the
team
won
last
time.
5.情态动词复习
(can,
may,
must,
need)
had
better和would
rather
“had
better
(not)
do
sth.”
意为“最好做……”;
“would
rather
(not)
do
sth.”意为“宁可，宁愿”。
used
to
do
sth.
表示“过去常常做某事”或表示过去的一种惯常状态。否定形式：①usedn’t
to
do
②don’t
use
to
do
3.
情态动词的提问与回答
疑问词
肯定回答
否定回答
May…?
Yes,
please;
Certainly.
No,
you
can’t
/mustn’t.
Must…?
Yes,
you
must.
No,
you
needn’t./don’t
have
to.
Could…?
Yes,
you
can.
No,
you
can’t.
Need…?
Yes,
you
must.
No,
you
needn't.
6.语言功能复习
(would
like)
would
like
问
答
就餐
Would
you
like
some…?
Yes,
please.
That’s
very
kind
of
you.
Tea,
please.No,
thanks.
主动提供帮助
Would
you
like
me
to…?
Yes,
please.That’s
very
kind
of
you.No,
thanks.No,
you
needn’t.
Thank
you
all
the
same.
邀请
Would
you
like
to…?
Sure/
Of
course.Yes,
I’d
like
/
love
to.I’d
like/love
to,
but
I’m
afraid…
建议
What
about/
how
about
doing
sth?
That’s
a
good
idea.That
sounds
interesting.
Sure,
why
not?
U5
1.
wife
n.
妻子
复数形式为wives。His
wife
is
very
beautiful.
他的妻子很漂亮。
【对应词】
husband
n.
丈夫
【拓展】
housewife
n.
家庭主妇(pl.
housewives)
2.
hut
n.
小屋
The
poor
old
man
lived
in
a
little
wooden
hut.
那个贫穷的老头住在一间小木屋里。
【拓展】
Pizza
Hut必胜客
3.
fairy
n.
仙子；小精灵
The
fairy
waved
her
magic
wand.
仙女挥动她的魔杖。
【拓展】
fairy
adj.
幻想中的；虚构的
fairy
tale童话故事
4.
hard-working
adj.
工作努力的；辛勤的
He
is
always
hard-working
and
passes
all
the
exams
easily.
他一直很用功，所以很容易就通过了各科考试。
Mary
is
as
hard-working
as
she
can
be.
玛丽已经是最用功的了。
5.
although
conj.
虽然；尽管；即使
Although
we
haven’t
got
many
clothes,
we've
got
enough.
尽管我们没有很多衣服，但也够穿了。
【拓展】
though
conj.
虽然；尽管；即使
指点迷津：although
与though
是一个“关联词”，相当于汉语中的“虽然……，但是……”，用来引导让步状语从句。although比though更为正式。如：
Although/Though
the
sun
was
shining,
I
took
an
umbrella
in
case.
We
lost
the
game
although/though
we
tried
our
best.
Although与though所引导的从句均可使用省略句。
Though
very
intelligent,
she
is
still
rather
modest.
尽管天资聪慧，她还是很谦虚。(though后省略了she
is)
Although
in
pain,
she
didn't
cry.
虽然被疼痛折磨，她却没有哭。(although后省略了she
was)
【友情提示】
although和though均不能与连词but出现于同一个句子中。如：虽然下着雨，但我们还是去了那儿。
Though/Although
it
was
raining,
we
went
there.(√)
It
was
raining,
but
we
went
there.(√)
Though/Although
it
was
raining,.but
we
went
there.(X)
但有时为了强调,
although和though均可与still,
yet等副词连用。
Though
she
said
she
would
be
late,
yet
she
arrived
on
time.
她说她会迟到，但后来却准时到了。
Although
he
was
very
tired,
he
still
kept
on
working.
虽然很疲倦了，但他仍在继续工作。
6.
earn
v.挣得；挣钱
She
earns
a
high
salary,
but
she
still
has
none
left
every
month.
她挣高工资，但每月还是能花完。
He
has
earned
a
lot
of
money
by
working
overtime.
他靠加班挣了好多钱。
7.
comfortable
adj.
舒服的
My
house
is
not
big,
but
it
is
very
comfortable.
我的房子不大，但很舒服。
【拓展】
comfortably
adv.
舒服地
Jon
was
sitting
comfortably
in
the
armchair.
乔恩舒服地坐在扶手椅里。
【反义词】
uncomfortable
adj.
不舒服的；不安的；不自在的
He
feels
uncomfortable
with
strangers.
与陌生人在一起他会感到不自在。
8.
reply
v.
回答
They
did
not
reply
to
our
new
suggestion.
他们对我们的新建议没有作出答复。
【拓展】
reply
n.
回答；答复：I
had
no
reply
to
my
letter.
我没收到回信。
指点迷津：answer
与reply
answer和reply都表示“回答”，均可作名词和动词。answer为一般用语；reply的用法较正式，多用于对问题作出解释、辩论或陈述性回答。两者作名词时都可与to连用，指“……的答案或答复”。
Answer
this
question.
回答这个问题。
I
asked
her
the
reason,
but
she
didn't
reply.
我问她原因，她却没有回答。
I
received
no
reply/answer
to
my
request.
我的要求没有得到任何答复。
answer后面可直接跟宾语，而reply后跟宾语时须与to连用；answer可表示对电话、敲门等作出应答，而reply则没有这个用法。
You
must
reply
to/answer
this
letter
right
away.
你必须马上回复这封信。
Who
answered
the
telephone?
谁接的电话？
如果是指练习题的“答案”，一般用answer。
The
answer
to
6×10
is
60.
6乘以10的答案是60。
9.
greedy
adj.
贪婪的
She
is
too
greedy
for
money.
她对钱太贪婪了。
【拓展】
greed
n.
贪婪；贪欲
His
greed
for
money
was
his
ruin.
对金钱的贪婪导致了他的毁灭。
greedily
adv.贪食地；贪婪地
She
gazed
at
the
diamond
ring
greedily.
她贪婪地注视着那枚钻石戒指。
10.
happiness
n.
幸福
After
they
got
married,
they
had
many
years
of
happiness.
婚后他们过了多年的幸福生活。
【拓展】
happy
adj.
快乐的，幸福的
happily
adv.
快乐地，愉快地
【反义词】
unhappiness
n.
忧愁；苦恼
He
caused
his
parents
much
unhappiness.
他弄得父母很不开心。
11.
forever
adv.
永远
No
one
can
live
forever.
没有谁能够长生不老。
I
shall
remember
that
happy
day
forever.
我将永远记住那快乐的一天。
12.
disappear
v.
消失
The
boy
disappeared
around
the
corner.
男孩消失在拐弯处。
The
sun
disappeared
behind
the
cloud.
太阳在云层后面消失了。
【反义词】appear
v.
出现：The
famous
singer
is
appearing
at
the
Music
Festival.
这位著名的歌手将在音乐节上亮相。
13.
vote
v.
投票，表决；选举
Let's
vote
for
John.
让我们投票给约翰吧。
【拓展】
voter
n.
投票人；选举人
14.
pocket
n.
口袋
The
policeman
made
the
thief
turn
out
his
pockets.
警察叫小偷把身上的口袋都翻出来。
【拓展】
pocket
adj.
微型的；袖珍的
He
always
carries
a
pocket
dictionary
with
him.
他总是随身携带一本袖珍字典。
二、必会词汇
1.tidy
up
使、、、、、整齐
eg:
He
began
to
tidy
up
his
desk
and
finish
off
the
week’s
work.
2.living
room
客厅，起居室
eg:
We
sat
on
the
chairs
chatting
in
his
living
room.
3.look
for
寻找
eg:
I
am
looking
for
my
umbrella.
[区分]：look
for与find的区别
look
for意为“寻找”，强调找的过程或动作；‘
find意为“找到，发现，认为，觉得”，通常指发现或找到有形的东西，也可以指偶然发现某物或某种情况，强调“找到”的结果，所以find一般不用于进行时态中。
eg:
I’m
looking
for
my
pen
up
and
down,
but
I
can’t
find
it.
4.next
to
紧邻，在、、、、旁
eg:
I
parked
my
car
next
to
hers.
[近义]：beside
prep.
在、、、旁边
5
.too
+adj.
表示“太、、、、、、”
too+
adj.+
for
sb.
“对某人而言太、、、、了”
too、、、to、、、
“太、、、、而不能、、、、”
eg:
The
boy
is
too
little.
eg:
The
problem
is
too
difficult
for
me.
eg:
Tom
is
too
young
to
go
to
school.
三、必会语法
1.
形容词的最高级
形容词的最高级的构成形式有以下六种：
（1）
一般单音节词末加“est”，如high—highest;
（2）
单音节词以“e”结尾，只加“st”，如safe—safest;
（3）
以重读闭音节结尾的单音节词，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加“est”，如sad—saddest;
（4）
少数以“y”结尾的双音节形容词，如果“y”前为辅音字母，则变“y”为“i”，再加“est”，如happy—happiest;
（5）
其他双音节词和多音节词前直接加“the
most”,这些词我们可以称它们为“长形容词”，如beautiful—the
most
beautiful;
（6）
形容词的不规则变化
good/well----best;
bad/ill----worst;
many/much----most;
old----oldest/eldest;
little---least;
far----farther/further.
eg:
Alice
dances
best
in
her
class.
What
is
the
easiest
way
to
solve
this
problem?
2.
表示方位的介词和介词词组：in,
near,
next
to,
on,
in
front
of,
opposite,
between、、、and、、、
（1）
in
表示“在、、、、之内”，强调在某事物的内部；
eg：Your
clothes
are
in
the
suitcase.
(2)
near
表示“在、、、、附近”
eg：There
is
a
garden
near
our
school
building.
(3)
next
to
表示“紧靠、、、的旁边”
eg:
The
red
building
next
to
the
coffee
bar
is
a
restaurant.
(4)
on
表示“在、、、、之上”，强调在某事物的表面
eg:
There
are
a
lot
of
books
on
the
shelf.
(5)
in
front
of
表示“在、、、、前面”
eg:
There
is
a
park
in
front
of
our
school.
(6)
opposite
表示“在、、、、对面”
eg:
The
supermarket
is
opposite
the
hospital.
(7)
between、、、and、、、
表示“在、、、、中间”
eg:
Mary
sits
between
Tom
and
Mike.
3.让步状语从句
表示让步含义的从句结构，它主要有although，though(尽管,虽然)等连词引导。让步状语在句中可前置，也可后置。
前置时，强调的是主句的内容；
后置时，强调的是从句的内容。
e.g.
Although/though
he
is
tired,
he
still
finishes
his
work
on
time.
虽然他很累，但仍然按时完成了工作。
He
knows
what
to
do，although/though
he
is
a
child.
他知道该做什么，尽管他是一个孩子。
【注意】
让步状语从句中不可再使用but等并列连词，但可以用yet，still等连接副词来加强语气。
e.g.
Although/Though
he
worked
hard
at
Maths,
yet
he
didn’t
pass
the
exam.
虽然他很努力地学习数学，但仍然考试不及格。
Although/Though
her
father
is
very
old,
he
is
still
working.
虽然她的父亲年迈，但他仍然坚持工作。
4.结果状语从句
(1)结果状语从句由so…that,引导。表示
"如此……以至于…"
例如：
He
is
so
poor
that
he
can’t
buy
a
bike
for
his
son.
he
is
so
young
that
she
can't
look
after
herself.
The
boy
ran
so
fast
that
I
couldn't
catch
him.
He
was
so
angry
that
he
couldn't
say
a
word.
(2)结果状语从句和too……to
do（太···而不能····）以及enough
+形容词/副词+to
do（足够的···可以···）的转换。
以“so...that”引导的结果状语从句可以转换成不定式的简单句，即可转换为“...enough
to...”或“...too...to”句型.
1.
so...that”与“enough
to
do
sth.”的转换。例如：
The
man
is
so
strong
that
he
can
lift
the
heavy
box.→
The
man
is
strong
enough
to
lift
the
heavy
box.
He
was
so
clever
that
he
can
understand
what
I
said.
→
He
was
clever
enough
to
understand
what
I
said.
2.
so...that”与“enough
for
sb.
to
do
sth.”的替换。例如：
The
question
is
so
easy
that
I
can
work
it
out.
→
The
question
is
easy
enough
for
me
to
work
out.
The
box
is
so
light
that
he
can
carry
it.
→
The
box
is
light
enough
for
him
to
carry.
3.
so...that”与“too...to”的替换。例如：
The
girl
is
so
young
that
she
can't
dress
herself.
→
The
girl
is
too
young
to
dress
herself.
I
was
so
tired
that
I
couldn't
go
on
with
the
work.
→
I
was
too
tired
to
go
on
with
the
work.
4.
当that从句是否定时，如果要用“too...to...”替换“so...that...”，则用介词for引出动词不定式的逻辑主语，可以用“too...for
sb.
to
do
sth.”来替换，注意不定式的宾语要省略。
The
bag
is
so
heavy
that
she
can't
move
it.
→
The
bag
is
too
heavy
for
her
to
move.
It
is
so
hot
that
we
can't
sleep.
→
It
is
too
hot
for
us
to
sleep.
U6
1、必会词汇
1.
poem
n.
诗；韵文
He
wrote
a
poem
about
spring.
他写了一首关于春天的诗。
【拓展】
poet
n.
诗人
Li
Bai
was
a
great
poet
in
Chinese
history.
李白是中国历史上一位伟大的诗人。
poetess
n.
女诗人
2.
end
v.
结束
They
ended
the
party
with
a
song.
他们以一首歌结束了聚会。
【拓展】
end
n.
结束；结局：The
battle
finally
brought
the
war
to
an
end.
这一仗使这场战争宣告结束。
at
the
end
of在……的末端；在……的结束：
At
the
end
of
the
film,
the
hero
cried
sadly.
在影片的结尾，主人公伤心地哭了。
3.
temperature
n.
气温；温度
【友情提示】
temperature这个单词中，画线的字母e不发音。
The
nurse
took
the
temperatures
of
all
the
patients.
那位护士给所有的病人量了体温。
【拓展】
temper
n.
脾气；情绪：His
father
is
in
a
temper
today.
他父亲今天情绪不好。
4.
drop
v.
降低；减少
The
temperature
has
dropped
since
last
week.
从上周起就已经降温了。
【拓展】
drop
v.
（使）落下；（使）掉下：I
dropped
the
letter
into
the
mail-box.
我把信投入信箱。
drop
n.滴；水滴；液滴
The
rain
was
leaking
in
large
drops
through
the
roof.
雨正大滴大滴地从屋顶漏下来。
5.
shiver
v.发抖
She
shivered
at
the
thought
of
going
into
the
dark
house
alone.
她想到要独自一人去那所黑暗的房子就不寒而栗。
【拓展】
shiver
n.
颤抖；哆嗦：A
shiver
ran
down
her
spine.
她浑身哆嗦了一下。
6.
blackboard
n.
黑板
The
teacher
wrote
down
the
new
words
on
the
blackboard.
老师在黑板上写下新单词。
【友情提示】
blackboard是一个合成词：black(黑色的)+board（板）=blackboard(黑板)。
7.
awful
adj.
糟糕的；极讨厌的
We
had
an
awful
earthquake
here
last
year.
去年我们这里发生了一次可怕的地震。
【近义词】terrible
adj.
可怕的；糟糕的
【拓展】awfully
adv.
可怕地：That
man
acted
awfully.
那个男子演技很差。
8.
silly
adj.
愚蠢的；傻的
He
told
a
silly
story.
他讲了一个很傻的故事。
It
was
silly
of
me
to
say
such
a
thing.
我说这话真傻。
【拓展】
silly
n.
呆子；傻子：Well,
silly,
why
not
stay?喂，傻瓜，为什么不留下呢？
指点迷津:
silly,
stupid,
foolish
(1)
silly指“头脑简单；不懂事的；傻头傻脑的”。
Stop
asking
such
silly
questions!别再问这么傻的问题了！
silly有时带感彩，表示嗔怪。
You
silly
child.
你这个傻孩子。（此句并无太多的贬义）
(2)
stupid指“智力差的；反应迟钝的”。
He
is
very
stupid
in
learning
Maths.
他学数学很笨。
(3)
foolish指“无头脑的；缺乏常识的；缺乏判断能力的”。
It
was
a
foolish
thing
to
ask
for
the
moon.
想摘月亮是一件蠢事。
概括起来，silly指“傻”，stupid指“笨”，foolish多指“愚蠢”。
9.
everywhere
adv.
到处；处处
Cocos
are
everywhere
in
Hainan
Island.
海南岛上到处都是椰子树。
指点迷津:
everywhere,
anywhere
everywhere是指“所有地点；每一处”；anywhere是指“任意一个地方”。试比较：
-Where
did
you
visit
when
you
were
staying
in
that
city?待在那座城市的时候，你都参观哪些地方了？
-Everywhere.
哪儿都去了。（表示任何地方）
-Where
do
you
want
to
go
after
class?放学后你想去哪儿？
-Anywhere.
哪儿都行。（表示任意一处）
10.
nothing
pron.
没有什么；没有东西
There
is
nothing
interesting
in
the
newspaper.
报纸上没有什么有趣的新闻。
指点迷津:
nothing,
none,
no
one(nobody)
nothing只能指物，表示“没有什么（东西）”。它们不可与of短语连用，作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数形式。
Nothing
is
impossible.
没有什么（事情）是不可能的。
none既可指人又可指物，意为“没有任何人或物；一个人也没有”，其后可与of短语连用，作主语时，谓语动词用单数或复数均可。它通常用来强调数量之少，因而常用来回答how
many或how
much引导的问句。
None
of
these
pens
works/work.
这些钢笔一支都不能用。
-How
many
books
are
there
in
the
bag?这个书包里有多少书？
-None.
一本也没有。
no
one=
nobody意为“没有人”，常用于指人而不能用于指物，因而常用来回答who的提问。它不能与of连用。
-Who
is
in
the
room?谁在房间里？
-No
one/Nobody.
没有人。
11.
disappointed
adj.
失望的；沮丧的
We
are
disappointed
that
you
will
not
be
able
to
come.
你不能前来，我们很失望。
We
were
disappointed
at
the
results.
我们对结果感到失望。
【近义词】sad
adj.
沮丧的；悲伤的
【拓展】
disappoint
v.使失望，使沮丧：I’m
sorry
to
disappoint
you.
我很抱歉，让你失望了。
disappointing
adj.
令人失望的；令人扫兴的：
The
film
was
built
up
to
be
a
masterpiece,
but
I
found
it
very
disappointing.
这部影片被吹捧为杰作，可是我看了之后却觉得很失望。
12.
sadly
adv.伤心地
He
shook
his
head
sadly.
他伤心地摇了摇头。
【拓展】
sad
adj.
悲哀的；悲伤的：
She
is
still
very
sad
over
the
death
of
her
aunt.
姑妈的去世至今还令她悲伤不已。
sadness
n.
悲哀；悲伤；忧愁：There
was
some
sadness
in
her
voice.
她的声音中带有几分伤感。
二、必会词组
1.
take
a
bus
to
乘公交车去、、、、
take
+交通工具
+介词to
意为“搭乘、、、、去某地”=go
to
、、、by
+交通工具
eg：You
can
take
a
bus
to
the
park.
You
can
go
to
the
park
by
bus.
2.
It
takes
about
forty
minutes.
It
takes
+时间
表示“做某事花了多长时间”
It
takes
+sb.
+some
time
to
do
sth.
表示“某人花了多少时间做某事”
eg：It
takes
five
hours
to
travel
from
Shanghai
to
Nanchang
by
train.
3.
at
the
bottom
of
在、、、、底部
eg：The
apples
at
the
bottom
of
the
basket
are
smaller.
4.
not
any
意为“什么都没有”
=
no
eg:
There
aren’t
any
shops
or
restaurants.=There
are
no
shops
or
restaurants.
5.
It
is
+adj.
+
to
do
sth.
表示“做某事很怎么样”
其中，it不是句子真正的主语，它替代了to
do
sth.的部分，我们称之为“形式主语”，而把动词不定式部分称为“真实主语”。
eg:
It
is
difficult
to
learn
French.
三、必会知识点
1.
We
start
having
fun.
我们开始玩乐。
have
fun是“玩得开心”的意思，其中fun作名词，表示“有趣的事；有意思的事”。
You'll
sure
have
fun
at
the
party
tonight.
今晚的聚会上你一定会玩得很开心。
Have
fun
while
you
can.
The
hard
times
is
just
around
the
corner.
趁可以玩的时候多玩玩吧。马上就是辛苦的时候了。
2.
think
of意为“想起；考虑”。
What
does
this
photograph
make
you
think
of?这张照片让你想起了什么？
指点迷津:
think
of,
think
about,
think
over
(1)
think
of和think
about表示“考虑；对……有某种看法”时，可以互换。
They're
thinking
of/about
buying
a
new
car.
他们正在考虑买一辆新车。
What
do
you
think
of/about
the
TV
play?
你认为那部电视剧怎么样？
(2)
think
of意为“打算；想出；关心”时，一般不与think
about互换。
Helen,
are
you
thinking
of
marrying
Tom?
海伦，你打算嫁给汤姆吗？
Who
thought
of
the
idea?
谁想出的这个主意？
Lei
Feng
was
always
thinking
of
others.
雷锋总是为别人着想。
(3)
think
about意为“思考；研究”时，一般不能和think
of换用。
I
often
thought
about
what
you
said.
我常常回想你说过的话。
I'Il
think
about
your
suggestion,
and
give
you
an
answer
tomorrow.
我会考虑你的建议，明天给你答复。
(4)
think
over意为“仔细考虑”。
Think
over,
and
you'll
find
a
way.
仔细考虑一下，你就会有办法的。
We
need
several
days
to
think
over
this
matter.
我们需要几天的时间仔细考虑这件事情。
3.
all
the
time意为“一直，总是”。
I've
kept
on
thinking
about
that
all
the
time.
我一直惦记着这件事。
【近义词】
always
adv.
一直；总是
4.
plenty
of意为“许多；大量的”。
与a
lot
of、lots
of等意思相同，用于修饰可数或不可数名词。
There's
plenty
of
room
for
everyone
inside.
里面有的是地方，大家都可以进来。(修饰不可数名词room)
If
a
lawyer
has
plenty
of
clients,
he
will
become
rich.
一名律师如果有许多诉讼委托人，他就会发财。(修饰可数名词clients)
5.
at
last意为‘‘终于；最终”。
He
finished
his
paper
at
last.
他终于完成了论文。
【近义词】
finally
adv.最终；最后
in
the
end最后；终于
6.
come
out
of是“从……出来”的意思。其中介词短语out“表示“出来”。
I
saw
him
come
out
of
the
supermarket
with
a
lady
yesterday.
Maybe
it
was
his
old
sister.
昨天我看到他和一位女土从超市里出来。可能那就是他姐姐。
【友情提示】
介词短语out
of表示的意思很多，其用法也颇为复杂，现归纳如下：
(1)表示地点（从里向外）：
Fish
can
not
live
out
of
water.
离开了水，鱼就不能活。
(2)表示动作或运动的方向：
They
walked
out
of
the
supermarket.
他们走出了超市。
(3)表示部分关系：
This
will
happen
in
nine
cases
out
of
ten.
这种情况十之八九会发生。
(4)表示“在……范围以外；越出……界限”：
The
ship
is
out
of
sight.
船已驶出了视野范围。
(5)表示“出于……动机；由于……原因”：
The
traffic
accident
was
out
of
carelessness
in
driving.
这起交通事故是由于粗心驾驶所致。
(6)表示竭尽或缺乏：
We
are
out
of
tea.
我们的茶叶用完了。
(7)表示材料或来源：
This
paragraph
is
out
of
Marx's
works.
这一段引自马克思著作。
(8)与某些动词连用，表示“放弃；丧失”：
He
talked
his
wife
out
of
buying
a
new
bicycle.
他说服妻子不买新自行车了。
另外，out
of与其他词可以构成许多实用、常见的固定词组，这些词组有：
out
of
action
(失去作用；停止运动)，out
of
breath(上气不接下气)，out
of
control(失去控制)，out
of
date(过时)，out
of
doubt(确定无疑)，out
of
fashion(过时了)，out
of
kindness（出于好意），out
of
order(不整齐；次序颠倒)，out
of
one’s
power(力所不及)，out
of
place(不适当，不相称)，out
of
question(毫无疑问)，out
of
the
question(不可能；成问题)，out
of
shape(变形)，out
of
work(失业)等。
四、必会语法
1.
现在进行时
（1）构成：肯定：be
+doing
否定：be
not
+
doing
疑问：把be动词提至句首
（2）现在进行时表示说话者此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作，由“be动词+现在分词”构成。
基本用法为：
a.
表示此时此刻正在进行的动作，常与时间状语now,
at
the
moment等连用。
eg:
We
are
planting
trees
with
our
teachers
at
the
moment.
b.
表示在现阶段进行的活动，但未必发生在说话的当时。
eg:
Mike
is
translating
a
book
now.
c.
表示对较近的将来的打算、安排、意图等，多用于转移动词。
eg:
We
are
leaving
tomorrow.
(3)
现在进行时使用时需要注意的几个问题：
a.
某些表示感知的动词，如see,hear,smell,taste等，一般不用现在进行时。
eg：I
hear
a
noise
outside
the
window.
b.
有些表示情感、愿望或心理状态的动词一般也不用现在进行时。这类动词主要有love,
like,
hate,
want,
need,
believe,
know,
understand,
remember,
wish,
guess,
mean,
think,
feel,
find,
show,
have,
matter等。
2.
there
be
结构
（1）there
be
+主语
+地点状语
表示“在某处有某人或某物”，句中be的单复数取决于主语。主语数，则be用单数，主语是复数，be用复数。若主语有两个以上的名词组成时，be动词与临近的主语保持一致。
eg:
There
are
some
bananas
in
the
basket.
(2)
there
be结构的一般疑问句是将be提至句首，其简略回答为“Yes,there
is/are.”或”No,there
isn’t/aren’t”.eg:
--Are
there
any
apples
in
the
basket?
--No,there
aren’t.
(3)
there
be结构的否定形式是在be动词后加not.
eg:
There
isn’t
any
tea
in
the
cup.
3.形容词、副词
基本分类
性质形容词——直接表示事物的性质或特征，有级的变化，并且可以使用程度副词加以修饰
例如：good,
large,
heavy,
beautiful等。大多数形容词都属于这一类。
形容词
叙述形容词——又叫作表语形容词，没有级的变化，也不能用程度副词加以修饰；多以a开头。
例如：alone(单独的)，afraid(害怕的)，
asleep(睡着的)，alive(活着的)，awake(醒着的)，
worth(值得的)，unable(不可能的)，
ill(病的)。
分词作形容词：现在分词作形容词表示主动；过去分词作形容词表示被动。
例如：a
frightening
film
一部恐怖电影
a
frightened
girl
一个吓坏了的女孩
an
interesting
story
一个有趣的故事
a
locked
gate
一个上了锁的大门
二．以-ly结尾的形容词
如：friendly友好的
lonely孤独的
lovely可爱的
likely可能的
lively活泼的
ugly丑陋的
daily
日常的
三．作表语：在be动词、感官动词taste（尝起来），smell（闻起来），sound（听起来），look（看起来），feel（感到）以及get,
turn等系动词后用形容词作表语。如：
He
is
young.
She
looks
happy
today.
The
food
tastes
delicious.
四．
作宾语补足语：放在宾语之后，常与make,
leave,
keep,
find等动词连用。如：
You
should
keep
your
room
clean
every
day.
Don’t
leave
the
door
open
when
you
go
out.
五．
形容词名词化：有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词。
　　
The
young
should
take
good
care
of
the
old.
年轻人应该好好照顾老人。
　　
The
new
always
replaces
the
old.
新事物总是取代旧事物。
七、高频考点
1）形容词修饰复合不定代词时放在不定代词的后面。
2）形容词放在系动词后作表语，尤其是5个感官系动词：
3）形容词作keep,
make,
leave的宾语补足语
4）-ed形容词（修饰人：人对某种事物的感受）和-ing形容词（修饰物：某物令人。。。）：
一、基本分类
时间副词：today
今天，yesterday
昨天，now
现在，soon
很快，already
已经
地点副词：here
在这里，there
在那里，in
在家，out
在外，home
家
副
词
程度副词：almost
几乎，enough
足够，very
很，much
很，nearly
几乎
方式副词：slowly
慢慢地，fast
快快地
，carefully
仔细地，badly
糟糕地，well
好
频度副词：often
经常，always
总是，usually
通常，sometimes
有时，never
从不，seldom
很少
疑问副词：when何时，where何地，why
为什么，how，怎么样
关系副词：when，where，
why-用来引导定语从句
其它副词：also也,either也,only仅仅，perhaps可能
二、副词用法详解
1、构成
1）本身即为副词的词：如now,
very,
there,
how,
too
2）由“形容词+ly”构成的副词：如：slow→slowly，clear→clearly，happy→happily，easy→easily
3）有些形容词和副词同形：如hard，early，late，high，wide，well等
This
kind
of
wood
is
hard.
这种木材硬。
He
looks
well.
看起来他身体不错。
He
studies
hard.他努力学习。
He
works
well.
他工作得很好。
2、重点副词用法：
1）much
too
和too
much
much
too
意为“非常，太”，much
和too
都是副词，much
修饰too
,
用以加强语气，中心词是too
；
用来修饰形容词副词原级。
too
much
意为“太多”，中心词是much
,too
修饰much
,以加强语气，too
much
修饰不可数名词，与too
many
相对，too
many
修饰可数名词。
例句：The
skirt
is
much
too
dear.
Please
don’t
eat
too
much
ice
cream
,
it’s
bad
for
your
health.
There
are
too
many
people
in
the
supermarket.
2）enough
修饰形容词副词放在其后；修饰名词放在其前面。
enough
money
carefully
enough
beautiful
enough
U7
一、必会词汇
1.
able
adj.
有能力的
She
is
an
able
secretary.
她是一位能干的秘书。
2.
planet
n.
行星
The
planets
move
around
the
sun.
行星绕着太阳转。
指点迷津:
star,
planet与satellite
star指恒星，planet指行星，satellite指卫星。太阳、地球和月亮就分别属于这三种。
3.
pill
n.
药丸；药片
She
had
to
take
sleeping
pills
every
night.
她每天夜里都得服安眠药。
4.
meal
n.
餐；一顿饭
They
cooked
their
own
meals.他们自己做饭吃。
指点迷津：dinner
与meal
(1)
dinner指“正餐（午饭或晚饭）”或“宴会”。
Come
to
dinner
with
us
tonight.
今晚和我们共进晚餐吧。
(2)
meal指“一餐（一顿饭）”而言。
We
have
three
meals
a
day.
我们每天吃三顿饭。
5.
hope
n.
希望；期望
v.
希望，期望（某事发生）
【友情提示】
hope既可作名词用也可作动词用，使用时应注意区分。
Do
you
have
any
hope
that
he'll
come?你觉得他有可能过来吗？（hope作名词）
I
hope
that
he
will
succeed.
我希望他会成功。（hope作动词，后接宾语从句）
I
hope
to
see
you
and
your
family
soon.
我期待不久就能见到你和你的家人。(hope作动词，后接动词不定式)
6.
secret
adj.
秘密的；保密的
We
discovered
a
secret
passage
behind
the
wall.
我们在墙后发现了一条秘密通道。
【拓展】
secret
n.
秘密：What’s
the
secret
of
baking
good
bread?
烘烤出好面包的秘诀是什么？
7.
sign
v.
签（名）；签字
He
signed
his
name
on
the
contract.
他在合同上签了名。
【拓展】
sign
n.
标志：The
sign
says“No
parking”.
告示牌上写着“禁止停车”。
8.
seal
v.
密封
The
envelope
was
firmly
sealed.
这个信封封得很严实。
【拓展】
seal
n.
海豹
9.
everyone
pron.
每人；人人
I'm
sure
everybody
else
will
agree
with
me.
我敢说其他人都会同意我的想法。
【近义词】
everybody
pron.
每人；人人
指点迷津：everyone
与every
one
everyone相当于everybody，是代词，意为“每个人；人人；大家”，不具体指哪一个人。它作主语时，谓语用第三人称单数形式。
Everyone
is
here
except
Tom.
除汤姆外，大家都到了。
everyone只能指人，不能指物；every
one既可指人，也可指物。
Every
one/Everyone
in
our
class
likes
playing
football.我们班人人都喜欢踢足球。
There
is
something
wrong
with
every
one
of
the
bikes.这些自行车每辆都有毛病。
every
one可以和of连用构成短语，而everyone则不能。
Every
one
of
us
is
getting
ready
for
the
exam.
我们每个人都在为考试做准备。
Ⅱ.
Daily
expressions.
日常表达
1.
talk
about讨论；谈论；商谈
The
author
likes
to
talk
about
his
work.
这位作者喜欢谈论自己的作品。
We
can
talk
about
this
matter
at
the
meeting.
我们可以在会上讨论这件事情。
【近义词】
discuss
v.
讨论
2.
(be)
able
to意为“能够；有能力”，与can意思相近。
You'll
be
able
to
come,
won't
you?你能来的，对吗？
指点迷津：can
与
be
able
to
(1)
can表示“能力”时，在很多场合都可以和be
able
to换用。但要表示过去经过一番努力才能完成的事情时，只能用be
able
to。
【正】
Can
you
speak
any
foreign
languages?你会说外语吗？
【正】
Are
you
able
to
speak
any
foreign
languages?你会说外语吗？
【正】
The
fire
spread
to
the
whole
building
quickly
but
everybody
was
able
to
escape.
大火迅速蔓延到整幢大楼，但大家都逃了出来。
【误】
The
fire
spread
to
the
whole
building
quickly
but
everybody
could
escape.
(2)
be
able
to
比
can有更多的变化形式。
When
he
grows
up,
he
will
be
able
to
support
his
family.
长大后他就能养家了。
Frank
is
ill.
He
hasn't
been
able
to
go
to
school
for
a
week.
弗兰克病了，他已经有一个星期没去上学了。
I'm
sorry
for
not
being
able
to
help
you
in
time.
对不起，我未能及时帮你的忙。
(3)
could经常和see,
hear,
smell,
taste,
feel,
remember,
understand等动词连用。
When
we
went
into
the
house,
we
could
smell
something
burning.
进屋时，我们闻到什么东西烧焦了。(不用was
able
to)
She
spoke
in
a
very
low
voice,
but
I
could
understand
what
she
said.
虽然她讲话的声音很低，但我还是明白了她说的话。
(4)
在谈论和说话时发生的动作，一般用can而不用be
able
to。
【正】
Look!I
can
swim.看！我会游泳了！
【误】
Look!
I'm
able
to
swim.
3.
travel
to是“去（某地）”的意思。与go
to相比，travel
to往往指路上花费的时间相对较长、距离较远。
She
travels
to
Europe
this
summer.
这个夏天她去欧洲旅行了。
4.
write
down意为“将……写下¨。
I
want
to
write
down
the
words.
我想把这些单词写下来。
二、必会词组
1.
talk
about
谈论
2.
enter
a
new
century
进入一个新世纪
3.
in
the
future
在将来
4.
be
able
to
do
sth.
能够做某事
5.
live
on
other
planets
住在其他的星球上
6.
enough
food
for
everybody
供给每个人的足够的食物
7.
grow
vegetables
种蔬菜
8.
in
space
stations
在宇宙空间站
9.
people
in
different
countries
不同国家的人们
10.
speak
the
same
language
说同一种语言
11.
understand
each
other
better
彼此更加了解
12.
live
in
the
cities
under
the
sea
住在海底城市
13.
learn
form
computers
通过电脑来学习
14.
take
pills
for
meals
服药片代替吃饭
15.
travel
to
other
planets
in
spacecraft
乘宇宙飞船去别的行星旅行
16.
in
people’s
homes
在人们的家中
17.
terrible
air
pollution
严重的大气污染
18.
in
ten
years’
time
=
in
ten
years
在十年以后
19.
keep
sth.
in
a
secret
place
把某物存放在一个秘密的地方
20.
write
down
…
on
…
在……上写下……
21.
pieces
of
paper
一张张的纸
22.
put
…
in
…
把……放在……里
23.
seal
sth.
with
tape
用胶带密封某物
24.
pollute
the
earth
污染地球
25.
become
an
astronaut
成为一个宇航员
三、必会知识点
1.
What
do
you
think
will
happen
in
the
future?
你们认为将来会发生什么？
2．Perhaps
people
will
be
able
to
do
sth.
可能人们将能够做某事。
Perhaps
there
will
(not)
be
…
可能将会有（将没有）……
1
)
perhaps
表示猜测，意为“也许，可能”，
与
maybe,
possibly
意思相近。
2
)
be
able
to
与
can
意思相近。注意：be
able
to
有时态变化形式，如：将来时
will
be
able
to；一般现在时
am/is/are
able
to
…
3.
I
think
so.
/
I
don’t
think
so.
我也这么认为。/
我不这么认为。
4.
I
hope
that…
我希望……
1
)
主语+hope+
that宾语从句（将来时）
I
hope
that
there
will
be
enough
food
for
everyone.
我希望将有足够的食物供给每个人。
2
)
主语+
hope
+
to
do
sth.
I
hope
to
see
you
again.
我希望再次见到你。
四、必会语法
时态坐标轴解析
通过时间轴演示各个时态所表达的时间概念
I．时态复习
一．一般现在时
1.
表示客观真理，客观存在，自然现象。
Light
travels
faster
than
sound.
The
earth
goes
around
the
sun.
2.
表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的副词连用。常用的频度副词有:
often,
always,
usually,
sometimes,
every
day/month/year,
once
a
week/month/year.
频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。
She
is
always
ready
to
help
others.
I
get
up
at
six
every
day.
3.
在由
when,
after,
before,
until,
till,
as
soon
as等引导的时间状语中或由
if,
unless,
as
long
as等引导的条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时、祈使句、有情态动词等，从句通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
即:
主将从现——主句一般将来时，从句一般现在时
When
she
grows
up,
she’ll
be
a
nurse
and
look
after
patients.
I
will
tell
him
about
it
as
soon
as
he
comes.
If
it
is
fine
tomorrow,
we
will
go
outing.
I
won’t
forgive
him
unless
she
says
sorry
to
me.
Don’t
give
up
until
you
succeed.
4.
一般现在时的动词形式通常与动词原形相同，但在主语为第三人称单数时，词尾加-s或
-es，其规则如下：
1)
一般动词都在词尾加-s，如:digs,
sings,
looks,
lives,
cleans
等。
2)
当动词以s,
sh,
ch,
x,
o
结尾时，加-es，如：presses，washes,
watches,
fixes,
goes
等。
3)
当动词以辅音字母+y结尾时，先将y成变i，再加-es,
如:flies,
cries,
studies等。
如动词以元音字母+y结尾时，直接加-s,
如:says,
buys,
plays等。
二．—般过去时
1.
表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
The
traffic
accident
happened
ten
minutes
ago.
He
left
England
in
1964
and
never
returned.
2.
表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作。
When
he
was
young,
my
father
often
swam
in
the
river.
Alice
couldn’t
get
up
early
so
she
was
often
late
for
school.
3.
动词过去式构成
动词的不规则变化大体分为四类：
AAA类：cost,
cost,
cost
ABA类：come,
came,
come
ABB类：get,
got,
got
ABC类：fall,
fell,
fallen
4.
一般过去时常用的时间状语有just
now,
yesterday
(morning/afternoon/evening),
last
week/month/year,
in
1999,
two
days/weeks/months/
years
ago…
三．
一般将来时
1.
a.
will／shall+v.（原形）(现在一般用will代替shall)
My
family
will
have
our
dinner
at
7
p.m.
I
will
prepare
for
the
English
exam.
b.
be(am,
is,
are)
going
to+v.（原形），表示现在计划好将来要做的事或将来可能发生的事。
I'm
going
to
write
to
Mary
this
evening.
Look
at
the
dark
clouds.
There
is
going
to
be
a
storm.
2.
位移动词如come,
go,
start,
arrive,
leave,
stay常用现在进行时表示将来。
He
is
leaving
tomorrow.
I'm
going
to
Shanghai
Museum
this
Sunday.
He
is
coming
to
visit
us
this
afternoon.
3.
与一般将来时相关的时间状语:
tomorrow
morning/afternoon/evening,
next
day/week/month/year,
…later,
in
2020,
soon,
the
day
after
tomorrow等连用。
4.
在由
when,
after,
before,
until,
till,
as
soon
as等引导的时间状语中或由
if,
as
long
as等引导的条件状语从句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。即:
主将从现——主句一般将来时，从句一般现在时。
I
will
tell
you
everything
as
soon
as
I
get
home.
If
you
tell
me,
I
will
keep
it
a
secret.
U8
一、必会词汇
1.
enjoyable
adj.
有乐趣的；使人快乐的；令人愉快的
The
trip
was
much
more
enjoyable
than
we
had
expected.
这次旅行比我们所预期的更愉快。
【拓展】
enjoy
v.
享受……的乐趣
enjoyably
adv.
愉快地；有趣地
【近义词】
pleasant
adj.
令人愉快的
2.
ideal
adj.
理想的，完美的，最合适的
It
is
an
ideal
day
for
a
picnic.
这是一个外出野餐的好日子。
【拓展】
ideal
n.
理想
I
am
looking
for
a
house
in
the
country
but
haven't
found
my
ideal
yet.
我正在乡下找一栋房子，但还没有找到理想的（房子）。
3.
conduct
v.
组织；安排
The
guide
conducted
us
on
a
tour
of
the
oldest
museum
in
the
country.
导游带我们游览了这个国家最古老的博物馆。
My
aunt
conducts
her
business
very
succ