2011中考英语三轮复习--中考阅读理解归纳概括性题目解题方法及练习
归纳概括性题目要求在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章做出归纳、概括或评价。比如涉及文章的标题（title）、主题（main idea）、结论（conclusion）、结局（end）等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识、科学专业知识进行逻辑思维、推理、判断，从而获取文章中内隐的信息。
归纳概括性阅读理解题常见的题干:
1. The passage mainly shows us __________.
2. The passage is mainly about ____________.
3. The best title of the story is _____________.
4. The main idea of the passage is that __________.
5. The story tell us “__________ ”
6. The writer is mainly talking about ___________.
7.Which of the following is the best title
8. From the text we can conclude( 得出结论) that________.
Passage 1
Henry was an office worker in a big city. He worked very hard and enjoyed traveling in his holidays.
He usually went to the seaside, but one year he saw an advertisement in a newspaper. “Enjoy country life. Spend a few weeks at West Hill Farm. Good food. Fresh air. Horse riding. Walking. Fishing. Cheap and interesting.”
“This sounds a good idea,” he thought. “I’ll spend a month at West Hill Farm. I think I can enjoy horse riding, walking and fishing. They’ll make a change from sitting by the seaside and swimming.”
He wrote to the farmer. In the letter he said that he would like to spend all of July there. Then on the first of July, he left for West Hill Farm.
But four days later, he returned home.
“What was wrong with West Hill Farm ” his best friend, Ed, asked him. “Didn’t you enjoy country life ”
“Country life was very good,” Henry said. “But there was another problem.”
“Oh. What ”
“Well,” he said, “the first day I was there a sheep died, and we had roast mutton for dinner.”
“What's wrong with that ” Ed asked. “Fresh meat is the best.”
“I know, but on the second day a cow died, and we had roast beef for dinner.”
“Lucky you!”
“You don't understand,” Henry said. “On the third day a pig died and we had roast pork for dinner.”
“A different meat every day,” Ed said loudly, “ and you are complaining!”
“Let me finish,” Henry said. “On the fourth day the farmer died, and I didn't dare (敢)stay for dinner!”
1.Which is the best title for the passage
A. What a beautiful farm! B. Have a good time. C.A short holiday D. Henry and the farmer.
【答案与解析】假日里，亨利喜欢到海边去旅游。有一次，他想去西山农场享受一下田园风光，并计划在那儿度过一个月的时间。可是令人惊奇的是，才去四天之后他就回来了。当朋友问起其中的缘由时，亨利说道：第一天，农场里死了一只羊，晚餐时美美地吃了一顿烤羊肉；第二天农场死了一头牛，又吃了一顿烧牛肉；第三天农场死了一头猪，结果又吃了一顿烤猪肉。可是，到了第四天，农场主死了，我不敢再留下来吃饭了。
1. C。本来打算要在乡村农场过一个暑假，结果四天之后就回来了。这能不是个短暂的假期吗？用此作标题既切合题意，又具有幽默的味道。
Passage 2
It seems to be strange to you there is a blind spot (盲点)on the eyes. Here is an interesting experiment (实验) that can make something disappear, when one eye is open.
Make a card about the size of a postcard and write two English letters L and R on it, L on the left and R on the right. First, hold the card about 80 cm away and you see both the letters. Then close your right eye and look at the letter R only with your left eye. And now, as you move the card slowly towards you, you’ll find the letter L disappearing. But if you move the card nearer to your face, the letter will be seen again. Now do the same experiment with your left eye closed, you’ll find the letter R disappearing.
Why does the letter disappear It is because there is a blind spot on the eye. When the image (影像) of the letter falls on the blind spot, it won’t be seen. That is why either of the letters disappears.
5. The passage mainly (主要) tells us _______.
A. how to find the blind spot B. an interesting experiment
C. where the blind spot is D. there is blind spot on the eye
Passage 2 【答案与解析】这篇科普说明文通过一个简易的小实验，证实了人的眼睛里有一个盲点。当外界物体的影像落在盲点上时，人就看不见该物体了。
5.D。通篇考虑短文，可知D为最佳答案。这由文首一句及“…It is because there is a blind spot on the eye.”也可得出。
归纳概括性题目一般都是阅读理解的最后那道题，一般只要能看懂文章的主要意思就能判断出来，每次考试中都会有一到三道这样的题目，下面给大家提供两个练习，希望你做过之后能够掌握方法，每次考试都能将这类题目的分得到。
I have loved my mother’s desk since I was just tall enough to see above the top of it as Mother sat doing letters. Standing by her chair, looking at the ink bottle, pens, and white paper, I decided that the act of wring must be the most wonderful thing in the world
Years later, during her final illness, Mother kept different things for my sister and brother. “But the desk,” she’d said again, “ is for Elizabeth.”
I never saw her angry, never saw her cry. I knew she loved me; she showed it in action. But as a young girl, I wanted heart-to-heart talks between mother and daughter.
They never happened. And a gulf opened between us. I was “too emotional.” But she lived “ on the surface”.
As years passed and I had my own family. I loved my mother and thanked her for our happy family. I wrote in careful words and asked her to let me know in any way she chose that she did forgive me.
I posted the letter and waited for her answer. None came.
My hope turned to disappointment, then little interest and, finally, peace, it seemed that nothing happened. I couldn’t be sure that the letter had even got to Mother. I only knew that I had written it, and I could stop trying to make her into someone she was not.
Now the present of her desk told me, as she had never been able to, that she was pleased that writing was my chosen work. I cleaned the desk carefully and found some papers inside— a photo of my father and a one-page letter, folded and refolded many times.
Give me an answer, my letter asks, in any way you choose. Mother, you always chose the act that speaks louder than words.
( C ) What ’s the best title of the passage
A. My letter to mother
B. Mother and Children
C. My mother’s desk
D. Talks between Mother and me Passage 2
In 1998, World Cup Football Match held in France took up a new rule. Instead of the usual black and white ball, a colorful ball was used in the game. The new ball was made up of 32 pieces of three colors: red, blue and white. Interestingly enough, the French national flag happened to be in three colors, too. Besides, 32 teams took part in the coming World Cup. But early football was made up of eight pieces of leather. As time went by, more pieces of leather were used, from 12 pieces to 18 to 26 and then to 32 now.
About three million such new footballs were made. And then some players were playing the new ball in their training. The makers have warned the goalkeeper that the new ball flies in a direct line at a fast speed.
After trying the ball for some time, a footballer said that the ball was quite different from the traditional (传统的) black and white one, and that the goalkeeper would find it harder to catch them. Another footballer said that there would be more goals. “For the player on the ground, the new ball is easier to control as it flies. A good player can shoot in more goals,” he said.
1.What’s the best title for this passage
A. Football of New Kind B. 98 World Cup Football Match
C. Goalkeepers and Players D. Three-color Flag of France
【答案与解析】这篇短文的大意是：1998年在法国举行的世界杯足球赛实行了新的规则。比赛中使用红、白、黄三色相间的球。这种球由32块皮革缝制而成，十分凑巧的是，当时正好有32支球队参赛。足球制造商在此之前提醒守门员，说这种球沿直线飞行，速度极快。试用一段时间之后，球员发现这种球与传统的黑白相间的二色球有很大不同。这种球更容易控制，但守门员很难抓到，在一场球赛中有可能进更多的球。
1.A。全文围绕这种由32块皮制成的红、白、蓝相间的新式足球作了详细的介绍，故答案非A莫属。
2011中考英语三轮复习--中考阅读理解语义理解性题目解题方法及练习
语义理解性题目：题目要求对文中个别单词、关键词、词组或句子做出解释。解答这类题目时需要对有关的上下文，甚至整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解才能做出正确答案。对于这类题目我们可以用下面的解题方法来解答：
（1）快速阅读文章后的4~5道题目，并将题目中的关键词（一般为实词，含有重要信息）用笔划下来。这样做的目的有两个：一是获得将要阅读的文章的大概意思，二是为解题做好准备。
（2） 快速阅读原文。一边阅读一边划出文章中的含有重要信息的词、短语或句子。如果将文章中的重要信息都划出来了，到第三步解题时寻找所需信息就容易了。这比盲目地寻找方便得多。
（3）根据文章中所阐述的事实细节和上下文的暗示与线索进行综合分析，然后做出推断预测或得出合情合理的结论。因此，考生必须细读全文，不仅要懂得文章的表层意义，还要理解深层的内含；不仅要掌握作者的观点倾向，还要获取字里行间隐含的信息。但同时必须提醒考生的是切忌无根无据地随意猜想或推理，把白的东西说成是黑的，把自己的观点当作是作者的。也就是说你所做的每一个推断或引申都应该是合情合理的，具有充分依据的。
Passage 1
We’ve talked about snails (蜗牛) and their slow move. But much of the time snails don’t move at all. They are in their shells (壳) —sleeping.
Hot sun will dry out a snail’s body. So at the least sign of hot sun, a snail draws its body into his shell. A snail will die in a heavy rain. So when it rains, a snail does the same thing, too. A snail can sleep for as long as it needs to. It spends all the winter months in its shell, asleep.
In the spring the snail wakes up. Its body, about three inches long, comes out from the shell. When hungry, the snail looks for food. Its eyes, at the end of the top feelers (触角), are very weak. But its sense (感觉) of smell is very strong. It helps the snail to find food and the new greens.
A snail’s mouth is no bigger than the point of a pin (大头针). Yet it has 256,000 teeth! The teeth are very small, and you can’t see them. If you put a snail in a hard paper box, it will eat its way out! And if a snail wears out its teeth, it will grow new ones.
1.A snail _________.
A. moves more slowly at night B. has thousands of feet
C. doesn’t move at all D. sleeps much of the time
2.In the sentence “A snail draws its body into its shell”, the word “draw” means _____.
A. to make with a pencil B. to push C. to pull D. to move away
3.From the story, we know _________.
A. a snail’s shell is very thin B. a snail can’t see well
C. a snail’s nose is quite short D. a snail’s body changes in different seasons
4.A snail goes to sleep when _____.
A. it feels hungry B. it is put into a paper box
C. spring is coming D. it rains heavily
5.Which of the following is wrong
A. In winter the snail doesn’t eat or move. B.A snail doesn’t like living under the sun.
C.The snail’s teeth can’t be worn out. D.The snail’s nose helps to find food.
【答案与解析】这篇短文向我们介绍了蜗牛的生活习性。无论是烈日当空，还是大雨滂沱，蜗牛都会像整个冬季一样，呆在壳里睡觉。春天来临的时候，蜗牛就拖着三英寸长的身体从壳里钻出来，靠它那灵敏的触角觅食。别看它的嘴比大头针尖大不了多少，却长着25万多颗牙齿呢！
1.D。根据开头的“But much of the time snails don’t move at all. They are in their shells ----sleeping.”这句话，显然只有D是正确答案。
2.C。本题属熟词新义。由“Hot sun will dry out a snail’s body. So at the least sign of hot sun, a snail draws its body into his shell.”一句的意思，尤其是要仔细考虑关键词“into”对猜测词义的辅助作用，可知蜗牛一旦碰到炙热的太阳，就会把身体蜷缩进壳里。
3.B。答案即是“Its eyes, at the end of the top feelers are very weak.”这句话。
4.D。关键要理解好“So when it rains, a snail does the same thing, too.”这句话中的“the same thing”的意思。事实上，由“In the spring the snail wakes up. … comes out from the shell.”和“…in a hard paper box, it will eat its way out!”是很容易排除B、C和A的。
5.C。根据短文最后一句话“And if a snail wears out its teeth, it will grow new ones.”，可以判断C项是明显的错误。
Passage2
This dictionary tells you about English words and how to use them in reading, writing and speaking English. It not only gives the meaning of words, it can also help you with spelling, word building, grammar and pronunciation.
To use your dictionary correctly, you need to understand how the dictionary works. At the front of the book, you will find some exercises to help you make the most use of your dictionary.
If you look up the word “colour”, you will find two spellings for this word. “Colour” is used in British English, while “color” is used in American English. When such a thing happens, the dictionary shows it with the word “BrE” for British English and “AmE” for American English.
The dictionary also helps you pronounce words correctly. It uses a special alphabet (特殊字母表) to show pronunciation. If you turn to the inside back face, you will see all the phonetic letters (音标) with some words to show you how they are pronounced. Just have a look this page when you’re not sure how to say a word.
The most important reason for using a dictionary is to find out the meaning of a word—its definition.
In this dictionary, the definitions have been written using only 2000 words. This means that the definitions of even the most difficult words are simply explained (简单解释) and easy to understand.
When a word has more than one meaning, read all the meanings until you find the one that correctly tells the use of the word you are looking for.
Most of the words in this dictionary can be used by people in all parts of the world.
1.This dictionary cannot help you with _____.
A. singing B. grammar C. spelling D. pronunciation
2. ____of the words in the dictionary have two spellings.
A. All B. One C. Few D. Some
3.The AmE spelling of the Chinese word “颜色”in this dictionary is______.
A. colour B. collar C. color D. corner
4.The phonetic alphabet helps you each word correctly.
A. understand B. write C. say D. know
5.The Chinese meaning of “definition” here is ______.
A. 词性 B. 词条 C. 词义 D. 词库
6.How many words are there in this dictionary？_________.
A. Two thousand B. One thousand C. One hundred D. We don’t know
7.The dictionary explains ______.
A. some of the difficult words B. all the words in a simple way
C. all the easy words D. the words of two meanings
【答案与解析】这篇短文可能是一本英文词典的“序言”，介绍了这本词典的用途和使用方法。另外，该文中还着重提到了American English和British English在拼写上存在的差异。
1.A.通过短文第一段的第一个句子，几乎不费力气就能选出正确答案。
2.D.此题需要仔细推敲第二段文字，通过理解段意(如果熟悉英文词典或懂得一些英文词典的使用常识则可以直接进行选择)和推敲四个选项的词语意思而确定。All和One都属于“走极端”的选项，不能入选；Few本义是“几乎没有”，不符合文意，只有D项正确。
3.C.答案在第三段。文中“while ‘color’ is used in American English.”已给出明确答案。
4.C.通过文中“We use a special alphabet(特殊字母表)to show pronunciation.”一句判断。关键词是“pronunciation(发音)”，清楚这个词的意思，我们无疑会选择 C。
5.C.应重点参考5—6段。实际上，第五段中已有“to find out the meaning of a word—its DEFINITION.”。“meaning of a word”中没有生词，那么，选择对应的汉语“词义”岂不易如反掌！
6.D.要读完全文后，才能确认。因为文中提到的数字只有一个“2000”，但它决不是词典的收词数，而是用来“简单解释”词义的用词数。文中并没有提及词典的“收词量”，因此，答案应该是D。
7.B.答案就在“This means that the definitions of even the most difficult words are simply explained(简单解释)and easy to understand.”一句中。选B最为恰当。
Passage 3
First Frenchman: I once heard someone shout, "Look out," I put my head out of a window and a basin (盆) of water fell on me. It seems that "Look out" may mean "don‘t look out."
Second Frenchman: Once I was on a ship and heard the captain (船长) shout, "All hands on deck," I put my hands on the deck and someone walked on them.
Third Frenchman: I once visited an English friend early in the morning and the maid who came to the door and said, "He’s not up e back in half an hour," When I went again for him, she said, "He‘s not down yet."
"If he’s not up and he’s not down, where is he " I asked.
She said, "He’s still in bed. When I say ‘He’s not up ’ I mean ‘he has not yet got up’. When I say ‘He’s not down ’ I mean ‘he has not yet come downstairs,’"
1."Look out" here means “ _______”.
A. put your head out of the window and look B. Take care
C. I’m going to pour the water D. Help me
2."All hands on deck" means “ _______ ”.
A.All the sailors gather ( 集合 )on deck B. Give your hands to me
C.Put your right hand and left hand on deck D. Shake your hands with me
3.When the maid said, “He’s not up yet.” She meant that _______ .
A. he has not grown up yet B. he has not yet got up
C. he has not woke up yet D. he has not yet come upstairs
4.When the third Frenchman went back, the English friend _______ .
A. was washing his face B. was having his breakfast
C. was still in an upstairs room D. was reading a newspaper
5.Which do you think is the best title for this article
A. Three Frenchmen and their English Friends B. The English Language
C. Three French Stories D. What a Language!
Passage 3
【答案与解析】习语是最让英语学习者感到头疼的东西。本文讲述了三个法国人曲解英语习语的经历，读后让人忍俊不禁。第一个法国人误将“Look out!”理解为“向外看”(实际意义是“当心！”)；第二个法国人将“All hands on deck”误认为是“把手放到甲板上”的意思(实际上该短语的意思是“所有海员到甲板上集合”)；第三名法国人对那位女仆话语中的“up”和“down”弄得昏了头，以致于闹了个“If he’s not up and he’s not down, where is he ”的笑话。
1.B.由英语知识或根据“I put my head out of a window and a basin of water fell on me. It seems that ‘Look out’ may mean ‘don’t look out.’”可知。
2.A.根据整体意思及“…and someone walked on them.”可知这是集合的口令。
3.B.文中“When I say ‘He’s not up ’, I mean ‘he has not yet got up’.”一句已经说得很明白。
4.C.“…I mean ‘he has not yet come downstairs,’”这句话是解题的关键。
5.D.整篇文章讲了三个由于对英语不很精通而误解以致于闹了笑话的故事。行文间流露出作者对英语这门语言的“不可望文生义”发出了感叹。选D既合题意又具有极强的幽默味道。
Passage 4
Bill Clinton took office (就职)on January 20,1993 and became the 42nd U.S. President (总统). He is the first U.S. president who was born after World War II. He is also one of the youngest of all U.S. presidents.
Clinton was born in a poor family. Three months before he was born, his father, William Blats, died. When he was small, his mother remarried (再婚) Norger Clinton, so the boy‘s family name was changed.
In the summer of 1963, Clinton was asked to visit the city of Washington. During his visit, he met President Kennedy in the White House. At that time, he wanted to become a president, and now he is!
1. Clinton became the 42nd U.S. president when he was______.
A. thirty B. about forty C. forty-seven D.37years old
2. Clinton’s father died______.
A. after 1946 B. before Clinton was born C. before World War II D. when Clinton was young
3. Why was the boy‘s name changed
A.Because he became a president B.Because his family was very poor
C. Because his father was dead D. Because his mother remarried Norger Clinton
4. In 1963 Clinton came to the city of Washington___.
A. to take part in an exam B. for his holidays C. for a visit D. to have a meeting with Kennedy
5. Which one of the following is Not right
A.Everybody can visit the president in the White House
B. All the U.S. presidents work in the White Horse
C.Clinton wanted to become a president after he saw President Kennedy
D. The White House is in the city of Washington
Passage 4
【答案与解析】这是一篇关于美国总统克林顿的人物传记。克林顿是二战后美国的第一任总统，他是美国最年轻的总统之一。克林顿出生于一个贫苦的家庭，其父早亡，后随继父改姓克林顿。克林顿被邀参观华盛顿市期间，在白宫受到总统肯尼迪接见，当时就有做总统的想法。
1.C.根据“He is the first U.S. president who was born after World War II.”这一句话，可知克林顿是在第二次世界大战之后出生的。故可推知答案为C。
2.B.本题属细节理解题。“Three months before he was born, his father ,William Blats, died.”是答案的出处。
3.D.本题同样也是细节理解题。答案就在第二段的末句中。
4.B.短文末段的首句已交代的非常清楚。
5.C.文章的最后一句话是解答本题的关键。2011中考英语三轮复习--中考阅读理解如何猜测生词及练习
同学们，你们好！如何搞好最后的复习，哪种方法最适合我们，我想这是每个同学都在关心的问题。今天我要谈的是做好中考“阅读理解”的一些方法。
随着新课程标准的不断实施，重综合运用能力、轻语法已成为中考英语的命题趋势。阅读是英语学习中听、说、读、写四种技能之一，阅读理解能力的高低也是衡量一个人英语水平的重要标志之一。要想做好中考的阅读理解，首先要知道中考对阅读理解的要求。根据教育部制定的英语课程标准，初中毕业生应达到五级综合语言运用能力。
阅读理解五级的目标部分描述如下：
1、能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义；
2、能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系；
3、能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局；
4、能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料；
5、能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息；
6、除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上(上海的要求更高一些，30万词以上)所谓阅读能力是指视读能力、理解能力和对所读材料的评价能力。
阅读理解的能力不是短期内能够培养成的，我们在最后复习的阶段，主要的是熟悉各种题型的解题方法。提高解题的正确率，得到理想的分数，下面我根据具体的实例来分析常见的阅读理解的解题方法，希望对大家有帮助。
请看下面的阅读材料
Happiness is for everyone. You don’t need to care about those people who have beautiful houses with large gardens and swimming pools or those who have nice cars and a lot of money and so on. Why Because those who have big houses may often feel lonely and those who have cars may want to walk on the country roads at their free time. In fact, happiness is always around you if you put your heart into it. When you are in trouble at school, your friends will help you; when you study hard at your lessons, your parents are always taking good care of your life and your health; when you get success, your friends will say congratulations to you; when you do something wrong, people around you will help you to correct it. And when you do something good to others, you will feel happy, too. All these are your happiness. If you notice a bit of them, you can see that happiness is always around you.
Happiness is not the same as money. It is a feeling of your heart. When you are poor, you can also you are very happy, because you have something else that can’t be bought with money. When you meet with difficulties, you can say loudly you are very happy, because you have more chances to challenge yourself. So you cannot always say you are poor and poor and you have bad luck. As the saying goes, life is like a revolving(旋转的)door. When it does, it also opens. If you take every chance you get, you can be a happy and lucky person.
1. Those who have big houses may often feel ________.
A. happy B. lonely C. free D. excited
2. When you fall down in a PE class, both your teacher and your classmates will ________.
A. laugh at you B. play jokes on you
C. quarrel with you D. help you up
3. What will your friends say to you when you make great progress
A. Oh, so do I. B. Congratulations.
C. Good luck. D. It’s just so-so.
4. Which idea is NOT RIGHT according to the passage
A. People who have cars would never like to walk in the open air.
B. You can get help from others when you make mistakes.
C. You can still be a happy person even if you have little money.
D. Happiness is always around you though difficulties come towards you.
5. Which of the following is this passage about
A. Bad luck. B. Good luck. C. Happiness. D. Life.
透析：
1. B。这是一个考查细节和事实的题目。文章中有明确的叙述：Because those who have big houses may often feel lonely…. 所问问题和原文的叙述完全一样。
2. D。这也是一个考查细节和事实的题目。在所给文章中可以找到这样地叙述：When you are in trouble at school, your friends will help you. 根据这一叙述，我们可以判断：当你在体育课上摔倒时，你的老师和同学们肯定会帮你站起来的。
3. B。这一道阅读理解题同样是考查事实和细节的题目。在阅读文章里我们也能找到关于这问题的叙述：when you get success, your friends will say congratulations to you.
4. A。这是一道判断题目。阅读文章里明确叙述：those who have cars may want to walk on the country roads at their free time.阅读理解题的A项说，有车的人永远不愿在室外走，与文章所讲完全不同，因此是不对的。
5. C。这是一道考查文章主题的题目。这篇文章共有三段。 第一段的主题句是：Happiness is for everyone. 第二段的主题句是：In fact, happiness is always around you if you put your heart into it. 第三段的主题句是：Happiness is not the same as money. 三段的主题都是围绕happiness展开的，所以正确答案是happiness。
阅读理解经常会遇到生词，这些生词怎么解决呢？下面我就介绍一些猜词的技巧：
1.通过因果关系猜词
通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因后果。例如：
You shouldn't have blamed him for that，for it wasn't his fault.通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可猜出blame的词义是"责备"。
2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词
通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happy and gay，即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均为生词，但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于"行星"这一义域。通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等；二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not at all...handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。
3.通过构词法猜词
在阅读文章时，我们总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，如前缀un-表反义词，如happy、unhappy，fair、unfair，important、unimportant等； 后缀- ment表名词，如develop、development，state、statement，argue、argument等；后缀-er、-or或-ist表同源名词；如calculate、calculator，visit、visitor，law、lawyer，wait、waiter，sci- ence、scientist，art、artist等，这些问题便不难解决了。
4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义
例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time. Then there is a dry period，or drought. 从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought，由此可见drought意思为"久旱"，"旱灾"。而a dry period和drought是同义语。这种同义或释义关系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折号等来表示。
5.通过句法功能来推测词义
例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同类关系，同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。
6.通过描述猜词
描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。
总而言之，阅读理解靠的是扎实的语言基础，扎实的语言基础来自平时严格的基本功训练和长期的知识积累。只要平时刻苦用功，打下扎实的英语知识基础，又掌握了较科学的解题方法做“阅读理解”题是不会太难的。今天我就讲到这里。祝大家中考顺利。下面为大家准备几篇阅读理解，仔细做过再看分析哦。
When you want to go shopping, decide how much money you can spend for new clothes. Think about the kind of clothes you really need. Then look for those clothes on sale(销售).
There are labels(标签)inside all new clothes. The labels tell you how to take care of your clothes. The label for a shirt may tell you to wash it in warm water. A sweater label may tell you to wash by washing in cold water. The label on a coat may say "dry clean only." Washing may ruin(损坏)this coat. If you do as the directions(说明)say on the label, you can keep your clothes looking their best. Many clothes today must be dry cleaned. Dry cleaning is expensive. When buying new clothes, check(核实)to see if they will need to be dry cleaned. You will save money if you buy clothes that can be washed.
You can save money if you buy clothes that are well made. Well-made clothes last longer. They look good even after they have been washed many times. Clothes that cost more money are not always better made. They do not always fit(合身)better. Sometime less expensive clothes look and fit better than more expensive clothes.
1.If you want to save money you can buy clothes that _____.
A. don't fit you B. don't last long
C. need to be dry cleaned D. can be washed
2.The label inside the clothes tell you______.
A. how to keep them looking their best
B. how to save money
C. whether they fit you or not
D. where to get them dry cleaned
3.The first thing for you to do before you buy clothes is ______.
A. to look for well-made clothes
B. to see how much money you can pay
C. to know how to wash them
D. to read the labels inside them
4.We learn from the reading that cheaper clothes ______.
A. are always worse made
B. must be dry cleaned
C. can not be washed
D. can sometimes fit you better
5.The best title(标题) for the reading should be ______.
A. Buying Less Expensive Clothes
B. Taking Enough Money When Shopping
C. Being a Clever Clothes Shopper
D. Choosing the Labels inside New Clothes
分析：
1．此题为理解题，从第二段Dry cleaning is expensive. You will save money if you buy clothes that can be washed.可以看出C答案不对，又可以从第三段很容易判断出A和B不对。
2．此题为理解题，第二段的第二句话应该被看作主题句。从此句可以看出该题答案选择A。 一般说来，文章的段落常有概括中心思想的主题句，且多位于段首或段末，有时也会夹在中间。对无主题句的篇章，考生应对文章进行分析和归纳，然后概括中心思想。
3．此题为直接题，从文章第一段第一句可以看出答案选B。
4．此题为推理题，文章中虽然没有直接信息，但从文章第二段及第三段很容易推断出A，B，C答案都是错误的。又从第三段最后一句话可以推断出答案选D。
5．此题为概括题，此题考查文章的标题，主要针对文章的主题、中心思想、文章的结构层次（主题句或主题段），要求学生在理解全文后归纳短文要点，概括中心思想。考生归纳各段的主题句不难发现此题答案选择C。
最后考生建议以下做阅读理解题基本的解题方法，希望对大家有所帮助。
1. 速读短文。了解短文的主旨大意，辨别文体，掌握结构。
2．看题。了解考查内容，带着问题阅读材料，寻找答案。
3．复读。对所选答案有针对性地寻找支撑论点的关键信息。
4．核查。注意各题的答案应逻辑一致，不能自相矛盾。尽可能从文中根据，确保答案准确无误。2011中考英语三轮复习--中考阅读理解直接理解性题目解题方法及练习
同学们好，我们今天要一起研究的是直接理解性阅读理解题应该怎样解答，这类题的解题要点是找到问题中的关键词，根据所划的关键词到原文中找对应词：指出文章中与题中所划关键词的意思相反或相近对应词。该对应词可能与关键词相同也可能不同。对应词所在的句子或句子部分极可能包含解题信息的信息句。将该句认真阅读后，再将四个答案与此句内容对照后，就会发现有一答案的信息与信息句的信息大致相同，则该答案即为正确答案。
下面有一篇文章，希望同学们用10分钟将此题做完，然后对照讲解找到正确的答案。
Passage 1
If you look at the sky one night and see something moving and shining that you have never seen before, it might be a comet (彗星).
A comet sometimes looks like a star. Like a planet, a comet has no light of its own. It shines from the sunlight it reflects (反射). Like the earth, a comet goes round the sun, but on a much longer path (轨道) than the earth travels.
If a comet isn’t a star, what is it then
Some scientists think that a large part of a comet is water frozen into pieces of ice and mixed with iron and rock dust and perhaps a few big pieces of rock. When sunshine melts (融化) the ice in the comet, great clouds of gas go trailing after it. These clouds, together with the dust, form a long tail.
Many people perhaps have seen a comet. However no one knows how many comets there are. There may be millions of comets, but only a few come close enough for us to see.
An Englishman named Edmund Halley, who lived from 1656 to 1742, found out a lot about the paths that comets take through the sky. Some comets move out of our sight and never come back. Others keep coming back at regular times. A big comet that keeps coming back was named after Halley because he was the one who worked out when it would come back again. Maybe you have ever seen Halley’s Comets because the last time it came close to the sun and the earth was in the year 1986. Then people all over the world were outside at night to look at it. You will probably be able to see Halley’s Comets when it comes near the earth again.
1.A comet is like ________.
A. sun B. moon C. sunlight D. the earth
2.A large part of a comet is ______.
A.water and rock
B. water frozen into pieces of ice and mixed with iron
C. ice, iron and rock dust
D. only a few big pieces of rock
3.Maybe many people _______.
A. haven’t seen any comets B. have seen all comets
C. have seen a comet at daytime D. have seen a comet
4.Some comets keep coming back ________.
A. at any time B. at noon C. at regular times D. at daytime
5.Halley’s Comets came back _____.
A. in 1990 B. in 1980 C. in 1986 D. in 1989
Passage 1
【答案与解析】本文向我们介绍了有关彗星方面的知识。与地球一样，彗星也是绕太阳旋转的，它本身不发光，靠反射太阳的光而发亮。短文中还介绍了彗星的成因，它拖着的长尾巴是如何形成的以及著名的哈雷彗星名字的由来。
1.D。“Like the earth, a comet goes round the sun, but…”是判断本题的根据。
2.C。根据“…is water frozen into pieces of ice and mixed with iron and rock dust and perhaps a few big pieces of rock.”这句话即能得出答案。
3.D。由第五段的首句“Many people perhaps have seen a comet.”可知。
4.C。“Some comets move out of our sight and never come back. Others keep coming back at regular times.”一句是答案的出处。
5.C。哈雷彗星每七十六年才能看到一次。再结合“…the last time it came close to the sun and the earth was in the year 1986.”这句话的意思，即可得到答案。
上面的五个问题我们都可以很容易的在原文找到对应的部分，这种题实际上是最不容易出错误的，因为只要你找到了对应句，即使有个别的单词不能理解，也能够答对，下面再来试一文章，看看你的准确率哦。
Passage 2
A farmer had a cow. He took very good care of this cow and one day when it was ill, he was very worried. He telephoned the vet.
“What’s the problem ” The vet asked him when he arrived.
“My cow's ill,” the farmer said. “I don’t know what's the matter with her. She’s lying down and won’t eat. She's making a strange noise.”
The vet looked over the cow. "She's certainly ill," he said, "and she needs to take some very strong medicine."
He took a bottle out of his box, put two pills into his hand and said, "Give her these. The pills should make her better."
“How should I give them to her ” the farmer asked.
The vet gave him a tube (管子)and said, "Put this tube in her mouth, then put the pills in the tube and blow. That'll make it."
The next day the vet came to the farm again. The farmer was sitting outside his house and looked more worried.
“How's your cow ” the vet asked.
“No change,” the farmer said, “and I’m feeling very strange myself.”
“Oh ” the vet said, "Why "
“I did what you said,” the farmer answered. “I put the tube in the cow's mouth and then put two pills down it.”
“And ” the vet asked.
“The cow blew first,” the farmer said.
1.In the story, the vet must be _________.
A. the farmer's friend B. a milk factory
C. a hospital for cows D. a doctor for animals
2.The farmer asked the vet for help when his cow _______
A. couldn't lie down B. didn't eat the pills
C. couldn't make any noise D. was ill
3.What medicine did the vet give the farmer
A. Bottle of pills. B. A long tube.
C. Two pills. D. A small box.
4.The vet taught the farmer how _________.
A. to blow the tube B. to make the cow take the pills
C. to take the medicine D. to put the tube in his mouth
5.Which of the following is true
A. The farmer ate the pills himself.
B. The cow got better after taking the medicine.
C. The vet came to help farmer change the cow the next day.
D. The farmer waited for the vet outside his house the next day. Passage 2
【答案与解析】这篇令人忍俊不禁的幽默的主要内容是：一个农夫的牛病倒了。兽医给了他一些药和一根管子，并告诉他怎么样用这根管子给牛喂药。第二天，兽医再次到农场时发现那位农夫坐在家门口，一脸的焦虑不安。原来他的牛病情并没有好转。他说自己按照兽医的嘱咐做了，可当他将管子插入牛的嘴里，并放进两粒药丸，正想吹气时，牛却先吹了一口气。
1.D。根据短文内容，很容易推测出该词的汉语意思是“兽医”。答案当然是D。
2.D。由“She’s lying down and won’t eat. She's making a strange noise.”可以排除A和B。C显然不对。
3.C。“He took a bottle out of his box, put two pills into his hand…”一句是答案的出处。
4.B。 由“How should I give them to her ”这句话可知。
5.A.根据短文最后一句话，不难想象，没等农夫吹气，牛先吹了一口气，将药丸吹到了农夫的嘴里。
做这样类型的题有一种小技巧，你可以在回答问题的时候同时把答案的相应部分用笔标出来，这样的好处有两个，一是提高准确率，二是当你觉得哪个答案有可能有误差的时候可以只针对那句话和它的上下文来判断，不必阅读整篇文章。
下面是两篇练习，看看你今天是否掌握了方法，一定要先做完再看答案和讲解哦。
Passage 3
On November 18th, 1908, three men went up in a balloon. They started early in London. The headman was Auguste Gaudron, and the other two men were Tannar and Maitland. They had a big balloon, and they were ready for a long way.
Soon they heard the sea below them. They were carrying the usual rope , and it was hanging down from the basket of the balloon. At the end of the rope they had tied a metal box. This could hold water. Or it could be empty. So they were able to change its weight. They were also carrying some bags of sand.
After the sun rose, the balloon went higher. It went up to 3,000 meters, and the air was very cold. The water in the balloon became ice. Snow fell past the men’s basket, and they could see more snow on the ground. There was also some snow on the balloon, and that made it very heavy. It began to go down towards the ground. The men tried to throw out some more sand; but it was hard. They tried to break the icy sand with their knives, but it was not easy. The work was slow and they were still falling; so they had to drop some whole bags of sand. One of them fell on an icy lake below and made a black hole in the ice.
At last they pulled the box into the basket. It was still snowing; so they climbed to get away from the snow. They rose to 5,100 meters! Everything became icy. They were so cold that they decided to land. They came down in Poland heavily but safely. They had traveled 1,797 kilometers from London!
1.Three men flew in a balloon _________.
A. more than a century ago B. to visit Poland C. for nearly 1,800 kilometers D. to another city
2.The metal box was used for _______.
A. changing weight B. carrying ropes of the basket
C. keeping drinking water D. carrying the bags of sand
3.When the balloon went up higher, ________.
A.they saw the sun go down B. the temperature of the balloon began to fall
C. they could see a black hole on the ground D. they made a hole in the basket with their knives
4.The balloon landed __________.
A. in a foreign country B. on a lake C. in London D. on the sea
5.The three men had to land because _______.
A.they were very hungry B. they had not enough sand
C. they pulled the box into the basket D. they felt too cold
Passage 3
【答案与解析】这是发生在历史上的一则历险小故事。1908年12月，三个人乘坐气球从伦敦出发，进行了一次长途旅行。为了能有效地控制气球的重量，他们在气球下方挂了一个能盛水的金属盒子，还事先携带了沙子。随着气球的升高，气球上面结满了冰，于是引起了一系列的麻烦。历尽千难万险，总算化险为夷。可当气球升至五千多米的高空时，他们实在无法忍受严寒，结果在波兰安全降落。
1.C。由首句的1908年可知A项有误。另外，这三个人打算从伦敦出发乘气球作长距离旅行，由于天气状况不好，只好在波兰(Poland)着陆。行程达1,797公里，将近1,800公里。
2.A. 根据“This could hold water. Or it could be empty. So they were able to change its weight.”可知，金属盒里盛的水是并非是饮用水，而是用来改变气球重量的。文中还说他们同时也带了几袋沙子来调节气球的重量。
3.B.根据“It went up to 3,000 meters, and the air was very cold.”或地理常识可断定B为最佳答案。
4.A.如果气球降落在湖上或海上，那将是很危险的，联系“They came down in Poland heavily but safely”，可知A是最佳答案。
5.D.答案源自最后一段中的“They were so cold that they decided to land.”一句。
Passage 4
If you get into the forest with your friends, stay with them always. If you don’t, you may get lost. If you really get lost, this is what you should do. Sit down and stay where you are. Don’t try to find your friends—let them find you by staying in one place.
There is another way to help your friends or other nearby people to find you. Give them a signal (信号) by shouting or whistling (吹口哨) three times. Any signal given three times is a call for help.
Keep up shouting or whistling always three times together. When people hear you, they will know that you are not just making noise for fun. They will let you know that they have heard your signal. They give you two shouts, two whistles, or two gun-shots (枪声). When someone gives you a signal, it is an answer to a call for help.
If you don’t think that you will get help before night comes, try to make a little house---cover up to the holes with branches (树枝) with lots of leaves. Make yourself a soft bed with leaves and grass.
What should you do if you get hungry or need drinking water You would have to leave your little house to look for a river. Don’t just walk away. Pick off small branches and drop them as you walk so that you can find your way back. The most important thing to do when you are lost is—stay in one place.
1.If you lost in the forest, you should _______.
A.stay where you are and give signals three times
B.walk around the forest and shout so that your friends could hear you
C.try to find your friends as soon as possible
D.try to get out of the forest and shout for help
2.If you want to let people believe that you are not just making noise for fun, you should _______.
A. tell people that you are lost B. keep up shouting or whistling
C. shout at the top of your voice D. shout or whistle three times
3.When you hear two shouts, or whistles, or gunshots, __________.
A. you should shout more loudly B. you can whistle three times
C. it is an answer to your call for help D. you should try to run to them
4.When you want to leave your place to get drinking water, you should ________.
A.just go to the river
B. find some glasses or bottles before you go
C. make a fire so that you can have some tea
D. leave marks so that you can find your way back
5.This passage mainly tells you __________.
A.when you hear a signal always three times, it is a call for help
B.What you should do if you get lost in a forest
C.any signal given twice means an answer to a call for help
D.how you can live longer in a forest
Passage 4
【答案与解析】如果一个人在森林中迷了路，他该怎么办呢？本文讲述了一个很重要的方法：原地不动，让别人来找你。为了让附近的人尽快发现你处于困境，你可以大喊三声或者吹三声口哨。在别人找到你之前，你还应当学会自我保护。比如怎样做饭或者搭建一张床等。
1.A。“Sit down and stay where you are.”和“Give them a signal by shouting or whistling three times.”是解答本小题的关键句子。
2.D。该题的答案源自“Keep up shouting or whistling always three times together. When people hear you, they will know that you are not just making noise for fun.”一句中。
3.C。“They give you two shouts, two whistles, or two gun-shots. When someone gives you a signal, it is an answer to a call for help.”是答案的出处。
4.D。根据“Don’t just walk away. Pick off small branches and drop them as you walk so that you can find your way back.”可知“当你离开原地去找水喝时，不要径直走开，要在路上留下标记，以便能找到回到原地方的路。”
5.B。由文章末句“The most important thing to do when you are lost is—stay in one place.”和开头的“…this is what you should do.”可不难得出答案。2011中考英语三轮复习--中考阅读理解逻辑推理性题目解题方法及练习
这种题目有一定难度，往往不能直接从文中找到答案，而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理，才能获得正确答案。应从情节所提供的基本事实出发，寻找一定规律，如：时间关系、条件关系、因果关系、比较关系、转折关系等作为推理根据。
下面我们一起来看一篇文章，希望你先做完然后再看分析。 Passage 1
Are you carrying too much on your back at school You’re not alone. Back experts in the United States are worried that young students are having back and neck problems as a result of carrying too much in their backpacks (schoolbags).
“It hurts my back when I run,” said Oberlin Reyes, a student in Virginia. “It’s hard to get up the stairs with my backpack, because it’s too heavy.”
Oberlin is among students whose backpacks were weighed for a week in a recent study.
They had regular backpacks with two straps (带子) to carry them, but a number of students with heavy loads had switched to rolling backpacks (which have wheels and can roll on the ground).
Shirley Park, whose backpack weighed 10 kilograms, said she changed to a rolling backpack because she was starting to have back pain.
How much is too much Experts say students should carry no more than 10 to 15 percent of their own body weight.
A few students had one suggestion to lighten the load: less homework.
P.S. (附) Doctor’s suggestion:
① Lighten the load. Clean out binders (活页材料) and take home only the books you need that night.
② Wide straps are better. They send out the weight over your shoulders more evenly (均匀). And be sure to wear both straps rather than hanging the pack over one shoulder.
③ Pack smart. The heavier things should be packed closed to the back.
④ Bend both knees when you pick up the pack, and don’t just bend over at the waist (腰).
1. “_____” is the main idea of the text.
A. The problem of backpacks is worth studying B. The problem made by heavy backpacks
C. What is the best backpack for a student D. How to make students’ backpacks light
2. According to Enderlin Reyes and Shirley Park, we know ______.
A. students have to do too much homework B. backpacks have to carry heavy backpacks
C. backpacks without wheels are bad for students
D. too much homework leaves students no free time
3.The expression “switched to” in the text perhaps means ______.
A. started to use B. turned to C. caught up D. used for
4. According to the passage, it’s better for a student of 40 kilograms to carry a backpack of _____ at most by the words of experts.
A. 10 kg B. 8 kg C. 6 kg D. 7 kg
5.If students follow the doctor’s suggestions they ______.
A.may lighten their backpacks B.can learn how to help themselves
C.may feel their backpacks are lighter D.will know how to wear backpacks
Passage 1
【答案与解析】这篇短文反映了学生书包过重这一引发人们思考的生活现实。书包过重引起了学生身体的不适。文中引用了几位学生对沉重书包的感想和体会，有的学生甚至还在书包上安装了轮子。专家认为书包重量不应超过学生体重的10%-15%。学生则认为减少作业量才能彻底解决这一问题。为了减小过重书包对学生身体造成的伤害，短文最后还附了医生的四点建议。
1.D。根据首段末句及所附医生的建议可知选项D乃是文章主旨。
2.A。短文前两句是本题答案之所在。
3.A。根据该词组所在句子及上下文意思，“许多学生使用带有轮子，可在地上滚动的书包”可以推测选项A的解释合乎文意。
4.C。专家建议学生书包重量应在他本人体重的10% 和15%之间。所以一个体重为40千克的学生所背书包的重量应是6千克。
5. C。显然，专家所提四项建议的目的是让学生的书包轻一些。
现在我们来总结一下逻辑推理性阅读理解题常见题干:
1.From the story we know that___________________.
2. We can infer (推断) from the story that___________.
3.According to the writer, _____________.
4.In the passage the writer tries to tell us that __________.
5. Which of the following is the writer’s attitude(态度)
6. From the text we can guess the writer’s team is___________.
7. According to the story , what would happen next？
8.The writer suggests(暗示) that ___________.
9.The writer wants to prove (证明) that_________.
10. Which of the following is implied(暗示) in the passage
11. The writer doesn’t agree that ____________.
12. We may infer that during the summer holiday ___________.
希望你能记住这些题干的含义，掌握分析的方法，还有一点需要说明，
在做这类题关键是对整篇文章的理解，遇到个别生词不要强求理解具体含义，可以根据上下文理解整句的含义。下面有两篇练习，你可以根据我们的讲解测验一下自己有没有收获。 I have loved my mother’s desk since I was just tall enough to see above the top of it as Mother sat doing letters. Standing by her chair, looking at the ink bottle, pens, and white paper, I decided that the act of writing must be the most wonderful thing in the world
Years later, during her final illness, Mother kept different things for my sister and brother. But the desk,” she’d said again, “ is for Elizabeth.”
I never saw her angry, never saw her cry. I knew she loved me; she showed it in action. But as a young girl, I wanted heart-to-heart talks between mother and daughter.
They never happened. And a gulf opened between us. I was “too emotional.” But she lived “ on the surface”.
As years passed and I had my own family. I loved my mother and thanked her for our happy family. I wrote in careful words and asked her to let me know in any way she chose that she did forgive me.
I posted the letter and waited for her answer. None came.
My hope turned to disappointment, then little interest and, finally, peace, it seemed that nothing happened.
I couldn’t be sure that the letter had even got to Mother. I only knew that I had written it, and I could stop trying to make her into someone she was not.
Now the present of her desk told me, as she had never been able to, that she was pleased that writing was my chosen work. I cleaned the desk carefully and found some papers inside— a photo of my father and a one-page letter, folded and refolded many times.
Give me an answer, my letter asks, in any way you choose. Mother, you always chose the act that speaks louder than words.
( ) 1.The passage shows that _______________.
A. Mother was cold on the surface but kind in her heart to her daughter
B. Mother was too serious about everything her daughter had done
C. Mother cared much about her daughter in words
D. Mother wrote to her daughter in careful words
( )2. What did Mother do with her daughter’s letter asking for forgiveness
A. She had never received the letter
B. For years, she often talked about the letter.
C. She didn’t forgive her daughter at all in all her life.
D. She read the letter again and again till she died.
例2.
Several years ago, cell phones were very expensive. Only important people and people with a lot of money had them. These days, the prices have been greatly falling, and they come in small sizes and different colors. So more and more people, even high school students, have one in the hands.
It is true that it’s an easy way to keep in touch with friends at any time and in any place. But in places like classrooms, movie theatres, and museums, where everyone should be quiet or talk in a low voice, we can also hear the ringing. Some drivers have accidents for using cell phones when driving. Worst of all, some students who can’t pay their phone bills do something illegal to get money. So，are cell phones really a help
() 3. How does the writer feel about cell phones
A. They are really a help.
B. They harm people’s health.
C. He wants very much to know if they do people good.
D. It’s all right to use them in theatre.
参考答案：1. A 2. D 3. 4. C
