小升初高频考点剖析:第二篇专项提升第二部分第五节 形容词副词课件(共51张PPT)

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名称 小升初高频考点剖析:第二篇专项提升第二部分第五节 形容词副词课件(共51张PPT)
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(共51张PPT)
第二篇
专项提升
第二部分
词类梳理
第五节
形容词和副词
知识梳理
形容词(Adjective)是用来描写或修饰名词的词,表示人或事物的性质和特征。形容词一般放在修饰名词之前,若修饰不定代词则放在其后。
一、形容词的概述
形容词
功能
形容词的比较级
形容词转化为副词
作定语、表语、宾补、状语
定义
原级
最高级
比较级
知识点1
形容词的定义、用法及位置
形容词是用来表示人或事物的特征、性质和态度的词,用来修饰名词和不定代词,用来修饰名词和不定代词,在句中作定语、表语、宾语或状语。
知识点1
1.形容词作定语,一般放在它所修饰的名词之前,复合不定代词之后。
eg:Mike
is
a
handsome
boy.迈克是个英俊的男孩。
Did
you
do
anything
special
yesterday?昨天你做了什么特别的事吗?
如果有若干形容词同时修饰一个名词时,它们的排列顺序较为固定,通常为:限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词)
+描绘形容词(例如beautiful,
bad,
cold等)
+特征形容词(包括大小.长短、形状、新旧、年龄、颜色等)
+出处+材料(例如(silk,woden,
woolen等)+
类别(例如medical,
college等)十名词
可以巧记为:县官行令宴国才
“县”同“限”,指限定词;“官”同“观”,指表示观点的描绘性形容词,如好、坏、美、丑;“行”同“形”,指高矮大小等形状的形容词;“令”同“令”,指年龄和新旧;“宴”同“颜”,
指颜色;国指国家或地区和出处;“才”同“材”,指
材料。
eg:She
has
beautiful
long
curly
blond
hair.
她有着一头漂亮的金黄色的长卷发。
Mary
gave
me
a
useful
big
brown
wooden
box.
玛丽给了我一个实用的大的褐色木盒子。
注意!
1.形容词else(别的、其他的)只能作后置定语,放在what、who、someone、something等词之后。
eg:What
else
do
you
find?
你还能找到别的什么东西吗?
Would
you
like
something
else
to
drink?
你想喝点别的什么吗?
注意!
2.enough修饰名词时,既可以放在名词之前,也可以放在名词之后,但多放在名词前。
知识点1
2.形容词作表语,放在系动词、感官动词之后。常见系动词:be,become,get,look,feel,smell,taste,sound,turn,seem,keep,grow等。
eg:The
park
is
very
beautiful.
这个公园很美。
The
soup
smells
delicious.
汤闻上去很鲜美。
注意!
1.有些形容词只能作表语,不能作定语。这类词:well,ill,sorry,ready以及以a-开头的词afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep。
注意!
2.少数形容词只能作定语,不能表语。例如:woolen,eastern,elder。
eg:my
elder
brother
我的哥哥
a
woolen
sweater
羊毛衫
3.形容词放在宾语之后,作宾语补足语。常与make,keep,find,leave等词。
eg:It's
cold
outside.Please
keep
the
window
closed.
外面很冷,请让窗户关着。
This
story
made
me
very
sad.
这个故事使我很伤心。
4.形容词放在句末或句首作状语。
eg:He
arrived
home,hungry
and
tired.
他回到家又累又饿。
5.某些形容词前加上定冠词the泛指一类人,表示复数概念,作主语时谓语动词用复数。
eg:The
old
should
be
taken
good
care
of.
老年人应该得到很好的照顾。
The
white
are
beautiful.
白种人很漂亮。
6.复合形容词在句中只能作定语,放在所修饰的名词之前。复合形容词的构成如下:
(1)名词+现在分词。
eg:English-speaking
讲英语的,
peace-loving爱好和平的
(2)名词+过去分词。
eg:man-made
人造的,
snow-coverd
被雪覆盖的
(3)形容词+名词的ed形式。
eg:warm-hearted
热情的,middle-aged
中年的
(4)形容词+现在分词。
eg:easy-going
随和的,
bad-smelling
难闻的
(5)形容词+名词。
eg:full-time
全职
的,
part-time
兼职的
(6)数词+名词。
eg:second-hand
二手的,three-day
为期三天
(7)数词+名词+形容词。
eg:180-foot-high
180英尺高的,
seven-year-old
7岁的
(8)数词+名词的ed形式。
eg:one-eyed
一只眼的,
three-legged
三条腿的
拓展:形容词用法口诀。
形容词要牢记,代号缩写adj;
译成汉语可带“的”,请看black,white和big;
用于句中请注意,多作表语和定语;
作表语前需带be,说明主语ABC;
作定语置名词前,描述它们是啥样;
位置有时会变化,位于复合不定代词后;
除此之外作宾补,宾语之后表状语;
还有一条别忘记,very,tood等在其前
注意!
that
is可以缩写为that's;而this
is
无缩写形式。
副词
1.
副词是用来修饰动词、形容词或整个句子的词,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。
2.
副词表示动作是“……地”,一般放在动词之后。如:
The
girls
sing
happily.
Joe
draws
very
well.
知识点2
【注】在be,feel,smell,taste,get,become,sound,look,turn等连系动词之后,应该用形容词而不是副词。如:
I
feel
sad
when
I
see
the
film.
You
look
terrible.
What's
the
matter?
The
food
tastes
delicious.
形容词变副词的规则
1.
大部分形容词在其词尾直接加-ly变为副词。如:
real→really
quiet→quietly
helpful→helpfully
slow→slowly
careful→carefully
quick→quickly
【注】此类以-ly结尾的副词变比较级时,在前面加more。
2.
以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i,然后再加-ly变为副词。如:
busy→busily
easy→easily
知识点3
3.
某些以辅音字母加不发音的字母e结尾和以ue结尾的形容词要先去掉e,然后再加-y或-ly变为副词。如:
gentle→gently
true→truly
【注】(1)部分名词加-ly变为副词。如:part→partly(部分地)
(2)并不是所有以ly结尾的词都是副词,有的名词加ly是形容词。如:
friend→friendly(友好的)
mother→motherly(母亲般的)
father→fatherly(父亲般的)
sister→sisterly(姐妹般的)
brother→brotherly(兄弟般的)
love→lovely(可爱的)
day→daily(每日的)
(3)有些名词加-y变为形容词。若名词以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母,需双写该辅音字母再加-y。如:
rain→rainy
snow→snowy
cloud→cloudy
wind→windy
fog→foggy
sun→sunny
salt→salty
luck→lucky
health→healthy
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
大多数形容词和副词有三个等级:1.
原级(即原形);2.
比较级,表示“更……”;3.
最高级,表示“最……”。
知识点4
规则
原级
比较级
最高级
一般情况下,比较级在词尾加-er,最高级在词尾加-est
great
tall
clever
greater
taller
cleverer
greatest
tallest
cleverest
以不发音的e结尾的单音节词,比较级在词尾加-r,最高级在词尾加-st
large
nice
wide
larger
nicer
wider
largest
nicest
widest
以辅音字母加y结尾的双音节词,比较级改y为i,再加-er;最高级改y为i,再加-est
heavy
easy
happy
early
heavier
easier
happier
earlier
heaviest
easiest
happiest
earliest
1.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化规则
(1)规则变化
续表
规则
原级
比较级
最高级
以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母的词,比较级先双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-er;最高级先双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-est
fat
thin
big
wet
fatter
thinner
bigger
wetter
fattest
thinnest
biggest
wettest
部分双音节词和多音节词,比较级在词前加more,最高级在词前加most
beautiful
exciting
interesting
more
beautiful
more
exciting
more
interesting
most
beautiful
most
exciting
most
interesting
原级
比较级
最高级
good
better
best
well
better
best
bad/badly
worse
worst
many
more
most
much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
【注】形容词最高级前一般要加the。
(2)不规则变化
2.
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法
(1)比较级常用于两者之间的比较,一般结构为:主语+谓语+形容词或副词的比较级+than+其他。同时,在比较级前可以用much,rather,a
little,even等表示程度的副词修饰。如:
She
is
taller
than
me.
He
runs
faster
than
Tom.
This
house
is
much
bigger
than
that
one.
Lily
is
a
little
thinner
than
Lucy.
(2)“形容词比较级+and+形容词比较级”,表示“越来越……”。如:
It
is
getting
hotter
and
hotter.
(3)“the+形容词比较级,the+形容词比较级”,表示“越……就越……”。如:
The
more,
the
better.
(4)最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或物的比较,表示人或物在某个范围内“最……”。如:
Jack
is
the
cleverest
student
in
the
class.
Shanghai
is
one
of
the
biggest
cities
in
China.
知识点5
考点精析
考查形容词、副词的词形变换
考点1
【例1】Read
and
write.
请仔细观察下面左排的单词,根据其变化规则写出右排所缺的单词。
1.
big→bigger
thin→__________
2.
new→old
short→__________
3.
good→best
much→__________
4.
happy→happily
easy→__________
解析:此类题考查形容词和副词的变换形式,涉及形容词与副词间的转换及其比较级、最高级、反义词等。
答案:1.
2.
3.
4.
thinner
tall
most
easily
考查形容词、副词的用法
考点2
【例2】Read,
choose
and
fill.
选择合适的单词填空。
good,
better,best
It's______to
teach
a
woman
fishing
than
to
give
him
fish
.
解析:句中出现than,than作为比较级的标志。
答案:
better
一、Read
and
write.
写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级。
1.
good
_____
_____
2.
bad_____
_____
3.
many
_____
_____
4.old
_____
_____
5.thin_____
_____
6.far_____
_____
better
worse
best
worst
more
most
older
举一反三
oldest
thinner
thinnest
farther
farthest
二、Read
and
choose.
单项填空。

)1.
I
am
1.57
metres.Amy
is
1.60
metres.She
is
_______than
me
.
A.
tall
B.
tallest
C.
taller

)2.
The
higher,the______.
A.
cold
B.
colder
C.
more
cold

)3.
There
are
__________
students
in
our
class
as
in
yours.
A.
many
B.
/
C.
as
many

)4.
This
lesson
is_____
than
the
last
one.
A.
easy
B.
easily
C.
easier
C
B
C
C
三、Read
and
write.
写出以下单词的反义词。
1.
older(

2.worse(

3.
shorter(

4.
nearer(

5.
less


6.
lighter(

younger
better
taller
farther
more
heavier
四、Read
and
judge.
根据表格内容,判断正误,正确的写“T”,错误的写“F”。
(
)1.
Jack
is
younger
than
Lucy.
(
)2.
Lucy
is
taller
than
Jack.
(
)3.
Lucy
is
the
shortest
and
heaviest
of
the
three.
(
)4.
Jack
is
the
youngest
and
tallest
of
the
threeof
the
three.
(
)5.
Lucy
is
thinner
of
the
three.
T
F
F
F
T
一、Read
and
write.
写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级(省略
the)。
1.
wide
_________
_________
2.
fine
_________
_________
3.
feeble
_________
_________
4.
difficult
_______________
_______________
5.
mellow
__________
__________
wider
widest
finer
finest
feebler
feeblest
more
difficult
most
difficult
mellower
mellowest
过关检测
6.
big
__________
__________
7.
busy
__________
__________
8.
fat
__________
__________
9.
able
__________
__________
10.
interesting
____________________
____________________
bigger
biggest
busier
busiest
fatter
fattest
abler
ablest
more
interesting
most
interesting
二、Read
and
write.
按要求写句子。
1.
Lily
is
80
kilograms
.
Jenny
is
70
kilograms.
(用比较级表达)
__________________________________________________________
2.
My
feet
are
bigger.
I
wear
size
35
shoes.
(对划线部分提问)
__________________________________________________________
3.
She
is
156
cm
tall.
Her
brother
is
156
cm
tall,too.
(合并为一句话,用同级表达)
__________________________________________________________
Lily
is
heavier
than
Jenny.
What
size
are
your
shoes?
She
is
as
tall
as
her
brother.
三、Ask
and
answer.
根据上下文,写出问句,使对话合理、通顺并符合逻
辑。
1.
A:You're
taller
than
before.
__________________________
B:Oh,
I'm
1.70
metres
now.
2.
A:I
am
7
years
old.My
sister
is
10
years
old.
B:Wow,_______________________________.
How
tall
are
you
now?
You
are
younger
than
your
sister
3.
A:I
wear
size
35
shoes.How
about
you?
B:I
wear
size
40
shoes.
_________________________________.
4.
A:Look
at
that
giraffe.It's
so
tall______________________
B:It's
3
metres
My
feet
bigger
than
yours.
How
tall
is
it?
四、Read
and
choose.
读一读,根据所给的问句,选择正确的答句。
(
)1.
How
tall
are
you?
(
)2.
Whose
dog
is
bigger?
(
)3.
How
heavy
are
you?
(
)4.
Who
is
heavier
than
you?
(
)5.
Are
you
thinner
than
your
sister?
A.
I'm
50
kilograms.
B.
My
brother.
C.
I'm
1.56
metres.
D.
No,
I
amn't.
E.
It's
mine.
C
E
A
B
D
五、Read
and
judge.阅读短文,判断下列句子是否与短文内容相符,相符的在括号内写“T”,不相符的写“F”。
A
small
flower
and
a
big
tree
are
standing
beside
the
river.
“Can
I
become
your
friend?”
The
small
flower
asks.
“My
friend?
I'm
taller
and
stronger
than
you.
I
don't
want
you
to
be
my
friend!”
The
small
flower
feels
very
sad.
Spring
is
coming.
The
small
flower
is
becoming
more
and
more
beautiful.
Many
butterflies
come
here
and
play
with
the
flower.
The
big
tree
says,
“Why
do
you
play
with
her
but
not
me?
I
am
taller
and
stronger
than
her.”
The
butterflies
say,“Sure,
the
flower
is
shorter
and
thinner
than
you,
but
she
is
more
beautiful
and
more
friendly
than
you.
Don't
laugh
at
anyone.”
The
big
tree
realizes
(认识)
his
own
mistake
(错误)
and
says
sorry
to
the
flower.
They
begin
to
play
together.
They
are
happy.
(
)1.The
flower
is
becoming
more
and
more
beautiful..
(
)2.
The
big
tree
become
the
flower's
friend.
(
)3.
Many
butterflies
come
here
and
play
with
the
tree.
(
)4.
At
last,
the
flower
forgive
the
tree.
(
)5.
We
should
laugh
at
anyone.
T
F
T
F
F
六、Read
and
choose.
阅读下面的短文,选择正确答案。
Hello!
I'm
Nancy.
I'm
a
girl.
I'm
in
Class
4,
Grade
6.
I'm
1.62
metres.
My
mother
is
3
cm
shorter
than
me.
My
father
is
12
cm
taller
than
me.
I'm
43
kilograms.
My
mother
is
62
kilograms
and
my
father
is
62
kilograms,
too.
(
)1.
Nancy
is
in
_____,
Grade
6.
A.class
4
B.4
Class
C.Class
4
(
)2.
Nancy
is
3
cm
______
than
her
mother.
A.taller
B.shorter
C.shortest
(
)3.
My
mother
is
as______
as
my
father.
A.tall
B.short
C.heavy
C
A
C
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