英语：unit 6 topic 1 we’re going on a spring field trip section a and b重难点解析（仁爱英语八年级下

Unit 6 Fun Cycling
一. 教学内容：
Topic 1 We’re going on a spring field trip. Section A and B

二. 重点、难点：
单词： field 田野 trip 旅行，出行 cycle 骑自行车，自行车
vehicle 交通工具，车辆 airline 航空公司，航空系统
total 总的，总计的 sunrise 日出（时分） 黎明
raise 筹集，提起，升高，饲养 discuss 讨论，商量
book 预订 railway 铁路，铁道 sleeper 卧铺
cinema 电影院，电影 reservation 预定 bathtub 浴缸，澡盆 refrigerator=fridge 冰箱 condition 条件状况，状态 环境comfortable 使人舒服的 standard 标准，标准的
词组： air conditioning 空调系统 go on a visit 去旅行
make the decision 做决定 bring back 带回，归还，恢复，想起
go on a field trip 去野外旅行 find out 查出，弄清
decide on sth. 对某事做出决定 see the sunrise 看日出
raise money 筹款 book a ticket 订票
a hard sleeper 硬卧 a soft sleeper 软卧 pay for 支付， 赔偿
make a reservation 预订
句型：
1. For our spring field trip , we will go on a two-day visit to Mount Tai.
2. It’s too far for cycling , but there are other vehicles for us to choose from.
3. Bring back your information to class tomorrow and we’ll decide on the best way to go on our field trip.
4. We have tickets at 120 for the hard sleeper and 180 for the soft sleeper .
5. I’d like to book 20 tickets for the hard sleeper.
6. Good morning , I want to make a hotel reservation.
7. I have some exciting news to tell you!
8. Let’s find out some information about the cost.
9. How much does it cost to go there
10. We have rooms with a bathtub , TV, refrigerator and air conditioning.
11. It is very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools.

语法：结果状语从句，动词不定式

三. 具体内容：
状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词（从属连词）引导，也可以由词组引导。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。
目的、结果状语从句
　　要点： 目的状语从句由连词that, so that, so…that , in order that 引导。
　　结果状语从句由连词（ so ）that, so…that, such…that, so much/many…that引导。
　1. so…that 如此…以至于
　　The scientist’s report was so instructive that we were all very excited.
　　科学家的报告很有启发性，我们感到很兴奋。
　　He always studied so hard that he made great progress.
　　他总是那么努力，结果他取得了很大的进步。
　2.so that 以至, 以便
I’ll run slowly so that you can catch up with me. （目的）
我将慢慢跑以至你能赶上我。
　　I opened the window so that fresh air might come in. （目的）
　　我把窗户打开以使新鲜空气可以进来。
　3. such…that 如此……以至
　　It’s such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park.
　　天气是如此的好，我们大家都想去公园玩。
　4.in order that=so that 为了
　　We shall let you know the details soon in order that you can/may make your arrangements.　不久我们将会让你知道详情,以便你们能够做出安排。（目的）
　　难点
　　so+形容词或副词
　　so+形+a（an）+单数可数名词
　　so +many 或few+复数可数名词 +that
　　so+ much或 little+不可数名词
　　so that ,such…that 都可以和in order that一样。两者皆可引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句，当它们引导目的状语从句时，从句的谓语里常常有can, could, may, might, will, would
so +adj./adv.+ that， such +n.+ that 以上两种句型都表示结果,其中so为副词,后接形容词，副词原型，当可数名词前有many, few；不可数名词前有much, little修饰时，应采用句型：so many （few, much, little ）+n. 。 such为形容词, 后只能接名词。这名词既可以是可数的，也可以是不可数的。如果这名词是可数，单数，则必须在名词前加冠词a（an）. 常见的形式是:such a （beautiful）garden, such （nice） people.
The weather is so nice that I’d like to take a walk.
天气是如此之好，以至于我想去散散步。
Mike is so honest a man that we all believe him.
麦克是如此诚实的一个人，以至于大家都相信他。
（=Mike is such an honest man that we all believe him.） 考点
I’ve had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over.
我跌了很多跤，浑身摔得青一块紫一块。
There are so few notebooks that I can’t give you any.
笔记本太少了,我一本也给不了你。
It is such nice weather that I’d like to take a walk.
天气是如此只好,以至于我想去散散步。

巧辨几组易混词：
1. “I hope they can help us. ”“Do you wish they could help us？”“我希望他们能来帮助我们。”“你真希望他们能来帮助我们？”
说明：hope与wish都表示“希望”，但涵义和用法不同。hope句式有两个：（1）hope to do sth. （2）hope ＋that从句； wish句式有四个：（1）wish to do sth. （2） wish sb. to do sth. （3）wish sb. sth. （4） wish ＋that从句。注意：hope后接从句多用将来时态；wish后接从句，表示难以实现的愿望，从句谓语用过去时、过去完成时或过去将来时。可以说：I hope so. 或 I hope not. 不说：I don’t hope so. 或hope sb. to do sth.
2. I visit that school sometimes. I’ll visit it again sometime next month and I’ll stay there for some time.
我有时参观那个学校，下个月的某个时候我还要去参观，并在那里停留一段时间。
说明：sometimes“有时”，是频度副词，常与一般现在时连用；sometime表示过去或将来的“某个时间”；some time是名词短语，常用作状语，表示“一段时间”。
3. “It seems that the old man feels lonely，let’s go over and talk with him. ”“You’d better let him alone，or you may get into trouble. ”（2001荆州）
“那位老人似乎很寂寞，咱们过去跟他说说话吧。”“最好让他一个人呆着，要不你会惹麻烦的。”
说明：alone可作表语或宾补，表示客观上“独自一个人；单独”；lonely可作定语或表语，指主观上“孤独；寂寞”。另外，lonely用作定语，常修饰表示地点或处所的名词，意为“荒凉的”。又如：Though he lived alone on a lonely island，he didn’t feel lonely . 他虽然一个人住在荒凉的岛上，但不感到寂寞。
4. “All the family enjoy skating except the twins. ”“That’s true. Both of them prefer singing，but neither of them is good at it. ”（2001荆州）
“所有家庭成员都喜欢滑冰，除了这对双胞胎。”“是这样，他们两个更喜欢唱歌，但都不擅长唱歌。”
说明：enjoy，prefer，be good at都表示“喜欢”，但涵义不同。enjoy意为“欣赏；喜欢”，后接V-ing形式作宾语，不接不定式作宾语；prefer涵义是“更喜欢（like better）”，后接V-ing形式或不定式作宾语；be good at相当于do well in，意为“擅长；在某方面做得好”。
5. The teacher also said that she didn’t know it，either. 老师也说她也不知道那件事。
说明：英语中表示“也”，常用too，also，either等。too，either常位于句末； also常放在实义动词之前。too，also常用于肯定句中； either常用于否定句中。
6. He left here after two days. He will come back in a month. （’98山东）
两天之后，他离开了这里。一个月之后会回来。
说明：“after ＋一段时间”常与过去时连用；“in＋一段时间”一般与将来时和过去将来时连用。
7. I have already learned English for five years and I’m still learning it while so far he hasn’t learned it yet. 我学习英语已经五年了，并且仍在学，而他到目前为止还没有学过呢。
说明：already，yet常与完成时连用， already常用于肯定句中（表示“惊异”时可用在疑问句中）；yet常用在否定句或疑问句中；still表示某事或某状态仍在进行或持续。
8. My watch is missing. I can’t find it anywhere，so I’ve bought a new one. 我的手表不见了。我哪里也找不到，因此我买了块新的。
说明：it，one，that可用来代替名词，以避免重复。it代替上文提到过的同一名词，复数是they或them；one代替同类可数名词，复数是ones；that常代替不可数名词。又如：The population of China is larger than that of India. 中国的人口比印度的人口多。本句中，that代替名词population。
9. “How was the weather yesterday？”“It was terrible. It rained hard. People could hardly go out. ”（2001江西）“昨天天气怎么样？”“很糟糕。雨下得很大，人们几乎无法外出。”
说明：hard与hardly都是副词，但涵义不同。hard表示“努力地；（雨、雪）猛烈地（heavily）”；hardly是否定副词，意为“几乎不；简直不（almost not）”。
10. “I have nothing to do. Please give me something to read. ”“Certainly. But you can’t read everything at a time. ”（2000济南）“我没事可做。请给我一些东西读。”“可以，但你不可能一次全部读完。”
说明：something表示“一些”；anything表示“任何”；everything表示“全部”；nothing表示“什么也没有”。 something， everything常用在肯定句中； anything用在否定或疑问句中；nothing不能与否定词连用。 not与everything连用表示部分否定，全部否定用nothing或not anything。
11. My sister caught a cold the day before yesterday. She has had a cold for three days. 我妹妹前天感冒了，她感冒已经三天了。
说明：catch a cold表示“感冒”，是非延续性动词短语，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用；have a cold可以这样用。
12. To my surprise，his father wasn’t surprised at the surprising news.
使我感到吃惊的是，他父亲对那个令人吃惊的消息不感到吃惊。
说明：“某人对某事感到惊奇”用be surprised；而“某事本身令人惊奇”用be surprising ／；to one’s surprise表示“使某人惊奇的是……”。

【典型例题】
基本句型：汉译英练习——主谓结构
　　A. 说明：
本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。如，
The sun rises.
主语可有修饰语——定语，如，The red sun rises.
谓语可有修饰语——状语，如，The red sun rises in the east.
B. 翻译练习：
你应当努力学习。You should study hard.
她昨天回家很晚。 She went home very late yesterday evening.
那天早上我们谈了很多。That morning we talked a great deal.
会议将持续两个小时。 The meeting will last two hours.
在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。
Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.
这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。
Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day.
1919年，在北京爆发了“五·四”运动。
The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.
每天八时开始上课。Classes begin at eight every day.
这个盒子重五公斤。 This box weighs five kilos.
五年前我住在北京。 I lived in Beijing five years ago.
爱丽丝很会游泳。 Alice swims very well.
约翰的父亲昨晚去世了。John’s father died last night.
秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。 In autumn, some birds fly to the south.
我的爷爷早晨起得很早。 My grandfather gets up early in the morning.
每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。
Every afternoon a lot of students come to the library to borrow book.

例：用when , while ,as soon as, not…until 填空
　1. The car hit the man _______ he was crossing the road.
　2. I’ll tell you the good news_______ I get there.
　3. He ______ go to bed _______11 o’clock last night.
　4. The accident happened _______ I was on my way to work.
　5. Sports build the body______ reading builds the mind.
6. I used to be rather quite_______ I was young.
Keys：1.while 2.as soon as 3. didn’t , until 4.while 5.while 6.when

例：用although , though, however填空
1. They got to the airport on time______ the traffic was bad.
2. We had a wonderful_______ the food was terrible.
3. Some people think winter is a bad season. _______, for me it’s a good time because I love cold, rainy weather.
Keys：1.although/though 2.although/though 3.however

例：用because, since, so… that, if填空
　1.______ we’re young, we shouldn’t be too afraid of making mistakes.
　2. The weather was ____ nice ____ I spent the whole day in the park.
　3. He couldn’t come to your party______ he was ill.
4.______ were you, I would wear that earrings. （耳环）
Keys：1. Since, 2.so…that, 3.because, 4.If

例：填入适当的引导词
　1. I haven’t heard from him _____ he went to America.
　2. He won’t be here _____ he is invited.
　3. He will not go to the cinema _____ he is very busy.
　4. We found the key _____ she had left it.
5. We found the books two days ____ he had gone away.
Keys：1. since　　2. unless　　3. because　　4. where　　5. after　
　6. We had no sooner got to the station _____ the train left.
　7. He speaks English ______ he were an Englishman.
　8. He is explaining clearly _______ they could understand.
　9. Do not leave the room _____ you have finished the test.
10. She sang ______ she went along.
Keys：6. than　　7. as if　　8. so that 　　9. before　　10. as

例：改错
　1. The children were running on the playground as fast as they can.
　2. Since her husband had died，so she had to support her family.
　3. He won’t go out until his mother will come.
　4. He was very foolish that he didn’t pass such an easy exam.
5. Tom had gone out as soon as his mother got home.
Keys：1. can 改为could 　2. 去掉so 　3. will come改为 comes 　4. very改为 so 　5.as soon as 改为when
　6. It was three months since he came to our school.
　7. The playground of our school is larger than their school.
　8. The streets in Nanjing are wider than Shanghai.
　9. Whatever there is plenty of sun and rain，the fields are green.
　10. She sings songs as if she is a bird.
Keys：6. was 改为is 　7. than 之后加上that of 　8. than 后加 those in 　9. whatever改为 wherever 　10. is改为 were