(共45张PPT)
Unit
19 Language
-2-
1.absence
n.缺乏,不存在;缺席
[教材原句]However,learning
English
as
a
foreign
language
is
very
difficult
in
the
absence
of
a
native
language
environment.(P6)然而,学习英语没有语言环境是很难的。
-3-
语境巧练
单句填空
①The
children
decorated
the
house
beautifully
to
celebrate
their
grandmother’s
birthday
in
the
absence
of
their
mother.
②His
absence
(absent)
of
mind
in
driving
led
to
the
accident.
③Now
all
that
was
needed
were
the
parents,but
they
were
absent
(absence).(2017·全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解B篇)
完成句子
④Nobody
could
tell
why
the
president
was
absent
from
the
important
meeting.?
没有人说明主席为什么缺席了那次重要会议。
-4-
考点必记
①in
the
absence
of缺乏……时,当……不在时
absence
of
mind精神不集中,心不在焉
absence
from缺席
②absent
adj.缺席的;缺乏的,不存在的 v.缺席,不参加
be
absent
(from)缺席(……)
写作佳句
All
the
students
behaved
wonderfully
in
the
absence
of
their
headteacher.在班主任不在的时候,所有的学生都表现很棒。
-5-
2.surround
vt.环绕,围绕;包围;与……紧密相关
[教材原句]Some
respected
theories
on
language
acquisition
believe
that
to
attain
a
high
level
of
fluency
and
accuracy
in
a
foreign
language,you
need
to
be
surrounded
by
it.(P6)根据有些受人推崇的语言习得理论,学外语要达到一种高水平的流利程度和准确度,你需要置身于这种语言之中。
-6-
语境巧练
单句填空
①Now
we
live
in
a
world
surrounded
(surround)
by
the
“can’t
do”
attitudes.(2018·天津卷,阅读表达)
②That
means
a
transparent
object
doesn’t
look
very
different
from
the
surrounding
(surround)
air
or
water.
③Surround
yourself
(you)
with
uplifting
individuals
who
challenge
you
to
be
better...(2016·浙江卷,六选五)
-7-
考点必记
surround
sb/sth包围某人/物
surround
sb/sth
with
sb/sth使某人/物包围某人/物
be
surrounded
by/with
sb/sth被某人/物所包围
名师点津
surrounding为形容词,表示“周围的,附近的”,而surroundings则是名词,表示“周围的事物;环境,气氛”。
-8-
3.guarantee
vt.保证,担保;提供保修单;确保 n.保证书;担保;抵押品
[教材原句]Knowing
the
main
stories
before
reading
will
guarantee
greater
comprehension
when
reading
in
English.(P6)在读前了解主要内容会确保用英语阅读时更透彻地理解。
-9-
语境巧练
单句填空
①I
guarantee
that
if
you
take
this
medicine,you’ll
soon
get
well
.
②This
complete
but
brief
historical
collection
is
certain
to
entertain
readers
young
and
old,and
guaranteed
to
present
(present)
even
the
biggest
history
lover
with
something
new!(2017·江苏卷,阅读理解A篇)?
完成句子
③Surely,there
will
be
setbacks
and
disappointments
in
life;boldness
in
itself
is
no
guarantee
of
success.?
当然,生活中会有挫折和失望,自身的大胆不是成功的保证。
-10-
考点必记
①guarantee
sb
sth向某人担保某事
guarantee
to
do
sth保证做某事
be
guaranteed
to
do
sth肯定会/必定会做某事
guarantee+that从句
保证……
guarantee
sth
against...保障某物免受……
②under
guarantee在保修期内
no
guarantee
of不是……的保证
写作佳句
The
shop
promised
that
they
would
repair
our
car
for
free,because
it
was
still
under
guarantee.商店承诺他们将免费维修我们的汽车,因为它仍在保修期内。
-11-
4.adjust
vt.调节;调整 vi.适应;习惯
[教材原句]Watching
a
favourite
DVD,but
adjusting
the
language
to
English
in
parts
you
know
well.(P6)观看你最喜爱的一张光盘,但要把你熟悉的部分语言调换成英语。
-12-
语境巧练
单句填空
①You
can’t
see
through
the
telescope
until
it
is
adjusted
to
your
eyes.
②It
needs
to
be
constructed
from
materials
that
will
stand
the
heat
of
the
lamp
and
regular
adjustments
(adjust)
by
the
user.(2016·上海卷,语法与词汇)
完成句子
③My
parents
who
were
used
to
living
in
the
countryside
had
trouble
adjusting
to
living
in
an
apartment.?
习惯了住在乡下的我的父母住套房难以适应。
-13-
考点必记
①adjust
sth调节……
adjust
to适应
adjust(sth/oneself)to(doing)sth使(某物/某人自己)适应(做)某事
②adjustable
adj.可调整的;可调节的
adjustment
n.调整;调节;(思想、行为的)适应
make
an
adjustment做出调整
写作佳句
Obviously,students
are
terrible
at
adjusting
their
sleep
cycles
to
their
daily
schedule.显然,学生很难按自己的日程调整睡眠周期。
-14-
5.inform
v.告知,通知;了解,熟悉
[教材原句]Inform
a
friend
of
your
targets
so
they
can
help
motivate
you
as
well.(P6)把你的目标告诉朋友,这样他们也能激励你。
语境巧练
单句填空
①After
they
started
to
build
the
new
high-speed
railway,they
kept
the
chief
engineer
informed
(inform)
of
the
progress.
②Nine
years
later,when
that
teen
was
a
senior
in
college,he
was
informed
that
the
developer
was
back
with
his
proposal
to
build
condominiums.
完成句子
③I
made
it
a
habit
to
inform
visitors
of
the
system
that
we
used.?
我差不多已经成了习惯,将我们所用的系统告知来访者。
-15-
考点必记
①inform
sb
of
sth通知某人某事
inform
sb
that/what/when/how...通知某人……(inform
的宾语通常只能是人,所以当后接从句时,从句前的sb不能省略)
②informed
adj.有学问的,有见识的
keep
sb
informed随时向某人报告情况,让某人了解
写作佳句
My
uncle
hopes
I
will
write
to
him
from
time
to
time
and
inform
him
of
my
progress.我叔叔希望我常常给他写信,告诉他我的进步。
-16-
6.unconscious
adj.不省人事的,失去知觉的;无意识的,自然流露的;不知不觉的
[教材原句]However,body
language
can
be
unconscious
as
well.(P10)然而,身体语言也可以是无意识的。
语境巧练
单句填空
①He
was,as
a
matter
of
fact,very
famous
then,but
he
was
quite
unconscious
(conscious)
of
it.
②Most
of
the
time
she
was
lost
in
thought,and
was
quite
unconscious
of
her
surroundings.
-17-
考点必记
①be
(un)conscious
of(没有)意识到
knock/beat
sb
unconscious打昏某人
②unconsciously
adv.不知不觉地,无意地
unconsciousness
n.昏迷,无知觉状态
conscious
adj.感觉到的;知道的
-18-
7.resemble
vt.像;与……相似(相当于look
like或be
similar
to)
[教材原句]They
might
also
cross
their
arms
and
move
in
an
abrupt
way
resembling
a
robot
more
than
a
human.(P10)他们也可能交叉手臂,走起路来像机器人一样笨拙。
语境巧练
单句填空
①Son
Austin,now
a
10th-grader,didn’t
see
the
point
of
building
a
library
that
resembles
(resemble)
a
mailbox.
②What
happens
in
the
film
bears
little
resemblance
(resemble)
to
what
actually
happened.
完成句子
③She
resembles
her
sister
in
appearance
but
not
in
character.?
她在相貌上和她姐姐很像,但性格不像。
-19-
考点必记
①resemble
sb/sth与某人/某物相似
resemble
sb/sth
in...在……方面与某人/某物相似
②resemblance
n.相似
写作佳句
It
took
them
ten
minutes
to
talk
about
whether
the
boy
resembled
his
father
or
mother.他们花了十分钟去谈论这孩子是像爸爸还是像妈妈。
-20-
8.negotiate
v.协商;谈判;交涉;达成(协议)
[教材原句]You
can
negotiate
the
price
by
using
your
fingers
and
even
ask
questions
by
using
your
hands
to
outline
the
shapes
of
things
you
want...(P10)你可以用手指讨价还价,甚至可以用手比划出你想要的东西的形状来问问题……
-21-
语境巧练
单句填空
①The
young
saleswoman
regards
negotiating
prices
with
customers
as
her
special
talent.
②At
last
the
two
sides
ended
the
negotiation
(negotiate)
in
a
friendly
and
harmonious
atmosphere.
③We’ve
made
a
decision
that
we’ll
negotiate
with
the
employers
about
our
salary.
完成句子
④The
contracts
submitted
last
week
are
now
under
negotiation.?
上周所提交的合同现在还在商讨中。
-22-
考点必记
①negotiate
with
sb
about/for
sth与某人商议某事,谈判某事
negotiate
sth
with
sb通过与某人商议某事处理或解决某事;商订;洽谈
②negotiator
n.协商者,谈判代表
negotiable
adj.可讨论的,可协商的
negotiation
n.协商;谈判
under
negotiation在商谈中
名师点津
under
negotiation表示被动意义,类似的还有:under
discussion在讨论中,under
repair在修理中,under
control在控制之下,under
construction在建筑中,under
consideration在考虑中。
-23-
9.get
ahead
取得成功,获得进步
[教材原句]In
today’s
world,being
able
to
speak
more
than
one
language,including
English,is
how
you
stand
out
and
get
ahead.(P6)当今世界,要想取得令人瞩目的成就,就要会讲至少两种语言,特别是英语。
-24-
语境巧练
完成句子
①Getting
ahead
at
work
is
the
most
important
thing
to
me
at
the
moment.?
对我来讲,此时最重要的是在工作上获得成功。
②The
time
in
London
is
five
hours
ahead
of
that
in
New
York.?
伦敦时间要比纽约时间早五个小时。
③Look
ahead
in
the
distance,and
you
can
see
the
lights
of
the
village.?
你往远处看,便可以看见村庄里的灯光。
-25-
考点必记
ahead
of在……之前;胜过,超过
get
ahead
of超过;胜过
go
ahead前进,干吧,说吧
go
ahead
with开始,继续
look
ahead向前看
写作佳句
Put
your
heart
in
your
study,and
you
will
find
it
easy
to
get
ahead.专心致志学习,你就会发现很容易取得进步。
-26-
10.catch
on
学会;理解;变得流行
[教材原句]Well,I’m
sure
you
will
catch
on
really
quickly!(P9)嗯,我相信你很快就会学会的。
-27-
语境巧练
单句填空
①The
day
itself
is
on
October
21,but
since
it
has
caught
on,events
now
spread
out
over
most
of
October
around
Britain.(2016·全国Ⅲ卷,阅读理解C篇)
②Caught
withdrawing
(withdraw)
in
the
bank
with
the
stolen
bank
card,the
young
man
was
controlled
soon
by
the
police.
完成句子
③Cafes
about
psychology,history,and
engineering
are
catching
on,
filling
tables
well
into
the
evening.?
以心理学、历史学和工程学为主题的咖啡馆正变得流行起来,客满到晚上。
-28-
考点必记
catch
up
with赶上
catch
on
to理解;突然了解
catch
sb
doing
sth撞见某人做某事
catch
sight
of看见
catch
fire着火
catch
one’s
attention
吸引某人的注意
写作佳句
Preview
the
lesson,listen
to
the
teacher
carefully
in
class,and
you’ll
be
bound
to
catch
on
to
the
content.预习、上课认真听讲,你一定能理解这些内容。
-29-
11.on
the
other
hand
另一方面
[教材原句]On
the
other
hand,you
can
also
easily
show
what
you
don’t
like
by
shaking
your
head.(P10)另一方面,你也可以很容易通过摇头来表明你不喜欢。
语境巧练
单句填空
①The
new
methods,on
the
other
hand,may
bring
us
some
drawbacks.
完成句子
②On
the
other
hand,does
the
possibility
of
frequent
communication
today
mean
that
the
urge
to
do
so
wasn’t
present
a
generation
ago???
另一方面,今天频繁交流的可能性意味着在一代之前急切地想这样做的欲望并不存在吗?
-30-
考点必记
on
the
one
hand...,on
the
other
hand...一方面……,另一方面……
for
one
thing...,for
another...一方面……,另一方面……(引出并列的理由)
写作佳句
Walking
too
much,on
the
other
hand,may
cause
damage
to
your
legs.另一方面,过度行走可能会导致你腿部受伤。
-31-
12.There
is
no
point
(in)
doing做……没有意义
[教材原句]There’s
no
point
reading
the
news
in
English
if
you’ve
already
watched
it
in
your
own
language.(P6)如果你已经用母语看过这则消息,再用英语来读这则消息是没有意义的。
-32-
语境巧练
单句填空
①There
is
no
point
talking
(talk)about
who
is
right
and
who
is
wrong.
完成句子
②If
we
stay
at
home,it
is
comfortable
and
there
is
no
need
to
spend/in
spending
money.?
如果我们待在家里,很舒服,还没有必要花钱。
③There
is
no
use
worrying
about
the
far
future.?
为遥远的未来担忧是没有用的。
④There
is
no
sense
in
trying
to
change
what
can’t
be
changed.?
努力去改变无法改变的事是没有意义的。
-33-
考点必记
There
is
no
point
(in)
doing表示“做……没有意义”。
名师点津
类似结构有:
①There
is
no
need
(in)
doing/to
do
sth表示“没有必要做某事”。
②There
is
no
use
(in)
doing
sth表示“做某事没有用”。
③There
is
no
good
(in)
doing
sth表示“做某事没有好处”。
④There
is
no
sense
in
doing
sth表示“做某事没有道理或说不过去”。
⑤There
is
no
harm
in
doing
that.表示“那样做并无害处”。
-34-
13.“It
is/was
predicted
that...”据预测……
[教材原句]It
was
predicted
as
early
as
the
1700s
that
English
would
one
day
be
the
global
language
and
that
has
proved
to
be
the
case
in
the
last
few
decades.(P6)早在18世纪人们就预测,有一天英语将成为全球性语言,并且在过去的几十年中它已得到了证明。
-35-
语境巧练
单句填空
①It’s
predicted
that
nobody
will
live
in
poverty
in
the
state.
完成句子
②It’s
predicted
that
a
new
energy
will
replace
oil
in
the
near
future.?
据预测在不久的将来一种新的能源将会代替石油。
③It
was
reported
that
seven
terrorists
had
been
arrested
by
the
police.?
据报道有七名恐怖分子已被警方逮捕。
-36-
考点必记
“It
is/was
predicted
that...”表示“据预测……”。该结构中that引导的是一个主语从句,前面的it是一个形式主语。
名师点津
动词report,believe,guess,think,say,forecast等也常用在此结构中。
写作佳句
It’s
believed
that
human
can
one
day
live
on
another
planet.人们相信有一天人类会在另一颗行星上生活。
-37-
14.provided
that引导条件状语从句
[教材原句]Thirdly,you
say
that
there
is
a
discount
provided
that
I
pay
in
advance.(P12)第三,你们说我只要预付款就有折扣。
语境巧练
单句填空
①Provided
that
you
practice
Chinese
calligraphy
like
this,you’ll
get
ahead
with
it
soon.
完成句子
②I’ll
come
on
condition
that
Lucy
is
invited
as
well.?
如果露西也受到了邀请,我就来。
③Supposing
that/
Provided
that
it
snows
this
weekend,shall
we
still
go
and
climb
the
hill??
假如这个周末下雪,我们还将去爬山吗?
-38-
考点必记
句中的provided
that引导条件状语从句,相当于if。
名师点津
在英语中表示条件,用以引导条件状语从句的词汇还有:on
condition
that,so/as
long
as,suppose(that),supposing(that),providing(that)等。
写作佳句
Provided
that
you’ve
decided
to
travel
to
China,I
strongly
recommend
that
you
go
to
Mount
Huang.假如你已经决定到中国旅行,我强烈推荐你去黄山。
-39-
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.And
don’t
forget:we
are
surrounded
by
a
natural
playground
just
perfect
for
walking,caving,climbing
and
cycling.(2019·江苏卷,阅读理解A篇)
2.GDA
ensures
that
volunteers
work
with
community
members
and
local
project
partners
where
our
help
is
needed.(2019·北京卷,阅读理解A篇)
3.Adjusting
(adjust)
to
an
upright
position
was
quite
a
challenge.(2019·江苏卷,任务型读写)
4.They
leave
with
real-world
applications
(apply)
for
what
they’re
studying
in
the
classroom.
5.Yesterday
the
president
didn’t
turn
up
at
the
important
meeting.No
one
knows
the
reason
for
his
absence
(absent).
-40-
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
6.An
agreement
had
been
reached,and
the
announcement
(announce)
really
excited
everyone.
7.Our
manager’s
nodding
his
head
showed
his
approval
(approve)
of
our
proposal.
8.The
little
boy’s
embarrassing
(embarrass)
question
made
the
young
couple
unable
to
find
a
proper
answer.
9.I
had
hoped
to
send
Peter
a
gift
to
congratulate
(congratulate)
him
on
his
marriage,but
I
couldn’t
manage
it.(2019·天津卷,单项填空)?
10.When
these
organisms
die,they
bury
carbon
in
the
deep
ocean,an
important
process
that
helps
to
regulate
the
global
(globe)
climate.(2019·北京卷,阅读理解D篇)
-41-
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.Knowing
that
you
will
return
to
your
country
soon,I’m
writing
to
express
my
sincerely
gratitude
to
you
for
your
help.sincerely→sincere
2.Arming
with
this
knowledge,they’re
able
to
carry
out
individually
targeted
campaigns
to
cheat
people.(2019·北京卷,阅读理解C篇)
Arming→Armed
3.Have
you
ever
visited
a
garden
where
seemed
just
right
for
you,where
the
atmosphere
of
the
garden
appeared
to
total
more
than
the
sum(总和)of
its
parts?第一个where→that/which
4.Television
has
many
advantages.It
keeps
us
inform
about
the
latest
news
and
also
provides
entertainment
in
the
house.
inform→informed
-42-
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
5.A
city
is
the
product
of
the
human
hand
and
mind,reflected
man’s
intelligence
and
creativity.(2019·江苏卷,单项填空)
reflected→reflecting
6.These
two
boxes
resemble
with
each
other
in
size
but
differ
in
weight.去掉with
7.Whether
you
did
it
on
the
purpose
or
by
chance,you
will
certainly
be
responsible
for
it.去掉the
8.This
is
really
a
nice
song.I
think
it
will
soon
catch
out.
out→on
9.Lately
there
has
been
trend
towards
hiring
younger
but
cheaper
employees.
trend前加a
10.It
also
doesn’t
require
a
new
type
of
technology
that
people
aren’t
already
familiar
to.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解C篇)to→with
-43-
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅲ.话题微写作
写作内容提示
1.亲爱的老师和同学,今天我很高兴在这儿和你们分享学习英语的经验。(it’s
a
great
pleasure)
2.首先,总是在课前认真做好准备,我发现在课堂上跟上老师很容易。(find
it
easy)
3.第二,我在课堂上认真听课,课后立刻做练习,这帮我对所学知识获得很深的理解。(gain
a
deep
under
standing
of)
4.我越是学习英语,英语就变得越是容易。(the+比较级,the+比较级)
-44-
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
连句成文(参考上述提示,通过合理想象整合成一篇短文)
Dear
teachers
and
classmates,it’s
a
great
pleasure
for
me
to
be
here
today
and
share
my
experience
of
learning
English
with
you.I
spend
a
lot
of
time
learning
English
because
I
believe
English
is
very
important
nowadays.As
for
me,the
following
learning
methods
are
very
effective.
will
enjoy
learning
English
as
well.
Thank
you
for
listening.
-45-
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
First,always
prepared
for
my
lessons
carefully
before
class,I
find
it
easy
to
keep
up
with
the
teacher
in
class.Second,I
listen
closely
in
class
and
do
exercises
immediately
after
class,which
helps
me
gain
a
deep
understanding
of
what
I
have
learned.Third,I
read
English
novels
in
my
spare
time
so
that
I
can
learn
more
about
Western
cultures
and
enlarge
my
vocabulary.Besides,listening
to
English
songs
helps
correct
my
pronunciation.
The
more
I
learn
English,the
easier
it
becomes.I
hope
you限时规范练37
Unit
19
Language
A
核心素养关键词:培养学生人与社会、语言学习的素养能力意识
一、阅读理解
A
I
did
some
research
and
examined
how
British
English
and
American
English
changed
between
the
1930s
and
the
2000s.Take
spelling,for
example
—
towards
the
1960s
it
looked
like
the
UK
was
going
in
the
direction
of
not
using
the
“u”
in
“colour”
and
writing
“centre”
as
“center”.But
since
then,the
British
have
become
more
confident
in
some
of
their
own
spellings.In
the
2000s,the
UK
used
an
American
spelling
choice
about
11%
of
the
time
while
Americans
use
a
British
one
about
10%
of
the
time.There
is
also
no
need
to
worry
too
much
about
American
words,such
as
“vacation”,“liquor”
and
“lawmaker”
entering
British
English.There
are
a
few
examples
of
this
kind
of
vocabulary
change
but
they
are
mostly
uncommon
words
and
are
not
likely
to
change
British
English
too
much.The
British
are
still
using
“mum”
rather
than
“mom”
and
“petrol”
rather
than
“gas”.
But
when
we
start
thinking
of
language
more
in
terms
of
style
than
vocabulary
or
spelling,a
different
picture
appears.Some
of
the
bigger
trends
in
American
English
are
moving
towards
a
freer
use
of
language.American
sentences
are
on
average
one
word
shorter
in
2006
than
they
were
in
1931.
Americans
also
use
a
lot
more
apostrophes
(撇号)
in
their
writing
than
they
used
to,which
has
the
effect
of
turning
the
two
words
“do
not”
into
the
single
“don’t”.“The
hand
of
the
king”
becomes
the
shorter
“The
king’s
hand”.
However,in
all
these
ways
Brits
are
changing
too
—
and
in
the
same
way
as
Americans.They’re
just
about
30
years
behind
the
trend
that
Americans
seem
to
be
leading.
So
this
raises
a
question,is
British
English
actively
following
American
English
or
is
this
something
that
is
simply
a
natural
trend
in
language
use?
Perhaps
the
British
would
have
gone
in
that
direction
even
if
America
had
never
been
discovered?
I’d
like
to
agree
with
the
second
idea
but
because
of
the
fact
that
British
people
learn
plenty
of
American
language
through
different
ways,I
think
the
first
is
more
correct.
【篇章导读】本文是议论文。文章讨论英式英语与美式英语的变化及其变化原因。
1.WhatdidtheBritishdointhe1960s?
A.TheyusedsomeAmericanspellings.
B.Theybuiltupconfidenceintheirlanguage.
C.Theydidresearchonlanguagedifferences.
D.Theywentinthedirectionofharderspellings.
答案A
解析细节理解题。由第一段中的“Takespelling,forexample—towardsthe1960sitlookedliketheUKwasgoinginthedirectionofnotusingthe‘u’in‘colour’andwriting‘centre’as‘center’”可知,20世纪60年代的时候英国人开始使用一些美式拼写。
2.What
does
the
author
try
to
show
by
using
examples
like
“petrol”?
A.British
English
has
changed
a
lot.
B.Some
uncommon
words
are
used
less
often.
C.American
words
are
entering
British
English.
D.American
spelling
won’t
change
British
English
too
much.
答案D
解析推理判断题。作者引用petrol的例子是为了证明前一句话中的说法“theyaremostlyuncommonwordsandarenotlikelytochangeBritishEnglishtoomuch”。
3.Which
of
the
following
is
the
author’s
opinion
about
the
languages?
A.American
English
is
going
the
wrong
way.
B.British
English
is
following
American
English’s
example.
C.American
English
is
borrowing
a
lot
from
British
English.
D.Languages
wouldn’t
change
much
if
America
was
not
discovered.
答案B
解析推理判断题。由最后一段中的“...isBritishEnglishactivelyfollowingAmericanEnglishoristhissomethingthatissimplyanaturaltrendinlanguageuse?”及最后一句“Ithinkthefirstismorecorrect”可知,作者认为英式英语在效仿美式英语。
B
After
teaching
for
35
years
in
the
North
Shore
school
district,I
retired
and
agreed
to
teach
English
to
immigrants
at
the
Glen
Cove
Library
two
nights
a
week.It’s
been
a
joy!
I
started
with
three
students,got
as
many
as
10,but
now
have
settled
on
what
I
call
“the
fantastic
five”.
They
range
in
age
from
23
to
65,one
man
and
four
women.They’ve
come
from
El
Salvador,Peru,Honduras,Colombia
and
the
Dominican
Republic.
With
one
exception,they
are
married,have
children,and
are
working.Their
responsibilities
leave
them
with
little
free
time,but
they
faithfully
come
to
class.The
students
always
make
me
smile.On
the
first
day,I
asked
what
surprising
things
they
had
discovered
about
America.Isabelle,from
Peru,thought
for
a
moment
and
then
said,“You
Americans
all
stop
at
red
lights!”
Blanca,a
student
from
Honduras,arrives
with
her
three
young
children.Actually,they
arrive
first,running
in,waving
to
me
as
they
dash
to
the
children’s
room
as
their
often-exhausted
mother
trudges
in
behind.Blanca’s
kids
are
adorable.I
keep
forgetting
their
names,so
I
call
them
Blanco,Blanki
and
Blankette.They
giggle
at
this
and
their
mom
smiles.
I’ve
been
asked
by
friends
whether
I
know
the
students’
immigration
stories.I
don’t
ask.I’m
here
to
help
them
learn
English.Their
lives
often
are
not
easy.Over
the
past
year,one
woman
got
divorced,and
another’s
husband
suffered
a
stroke.A
third’s
husband,a
truck
driver,was
in
a
horrific
accident
that
left
him
homebound
for
more
than
nine
months.But,these
students
rarely
miss
a
class.
【篇章导读】本文是记叙文。作者教书35年后退休了,但是退休后继续给移民们上英语课,这些来自各个国家的移民成人学生们给作者留下了深刻的印象。他们虽然生活艰辛忙碌,但他们很少缺课,而且上课认真,心地质朴。
4.Whatcanweknowaboutthestudents?
A.Theyareallwomenover23.
B.Theyhavechildrenandjobs.
C.Theyareabigtroublefortheteacher.
D.Theyarebusyandmissclassesregularly.
答案B
解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的第二句可知,学生中有一个男的,故A项错误;根据第三段中的第三句可知,学生们总是让老师很开心,所以C项错误;根据最后一句可知,他们很少旷课,故D项错误;根据第三段中的首句可知,他们都结婚了,有了孩子,在上班。故选B项。
5.What
can
we
learn
about
Blanca?
A.She
is
from
Peru
and
has
three
children.
B.She
doesn’t
like
the
names
the
author
gives.
C.She
is
respectable
to
educate
her
children
well.
D.She
is
surprised
at
Americans’
running
red
lights.
答案C
解析推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知,Blanca的孩子们主动向作者挥手打招呼并且作者认为他们是值得被尊重的、可爱的。故可推知,Blanca对孩子们的教育很好。
6.What
does
the
underlined
word
“trudges”
probably
mean?
A.Walk
heavily.
B.Run
quickly.
C.Wave
unwillingly.
D.Dash
slowly.
答案A
解析词义推测题。根据前面的often-exhaustedmother可知,后面的妈妈因为每天工作而经常筋疲力尽地回家,应该是吃力地走在孩子们的后面。故选A项。
7.How
does
the
author
feel
about
the
teaching
job?
A.Tired.
B.Helpless.
C.Delighted.
D.Regretful.
答案C
解析推理判断题。根据全文内容尤其是首段中的最后一句“It’sbeenajoy!”可知,作者认为这份工作给他带来快乐,还是喜欢这份工作的。故选C项。
二、七选五
Why
do
you
run?
Different
people
have
different
reasons.Whatever
your
reason,there’s
one
thing
we
can
be
sure
of:Running
is
much
better
injury-free.In
his
book,Dr.Jordan
Metzl’s
RunningStrong,Metzl
has
the
perfect
suggestions
for
enjoying
your
running
without
losing
your
well-being.Here
are
five
must-follow
rules
for
injury-free
running:
1.Trainforyourleveloffitnessandyourgoals.
1
If
you
run
for
fitness
and
your
goal
is
30
minutes
a
day,that’s
cool.But
if
you
are
just
starting
out,you
need
to
get
there
slowly.?
2.Weartherightshoesforyourfeet.
You
will
hear
lots
of
opinions
about
whether
running
shoes
really
help
prevent
injury
and
whether
you
should
even
wear
them. 2
And
some
of
you
may
need
a
little
added
assistance
from
inserts
(鞋垫).?
3. 3 ?
Be
honest
about
how
much
sleep
you
need
and
stick
to
it.The
cool
runner
is
the
one
who
wins
the
race.Sleep
will
get
you
there.
4.Fuelyourbodyrightforrunningandrecovery.
4
And
after
a
workout
or
race,you
need
to
deliver
nutrients
to
all
the
body
rebuilders
in
your
muscles,so
they
can
do
their
job
and
get
you
back
into
tip-top
shape
for
your
run
tomorrow.?
5.Payattentiontopain.
When
pain
changes
the
way
you
run,stop
running. 5
And
use
dynamic
rest
(动态休息)
to
stay
in
shape
until
you
are
back
on
your
running
feet.?
A.Try
to
find
out
what’s
going
on
and
treat
it.
B.Get
seven
to
eight
hours
of
sleep
every
night.
C.Running
should
be
seen
as
fun
rather
than
pain.
D.Don’t
run
more
miles
than
your
body
can
deal
with.
E.A
good
pre-run
meal
plan
is
one
that
keeps
you
stepping
strong.
F.It
is
because
of
the
health
benefits,including
lowering
your
risk
for
disease.
G.The
right
running
shoes
can
help
correct
foot-movement
problems
that
lead
to
injury.
答案与解析
【篇章导读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了跑步锻炼身体时的几条建议。
1.D 由下文中的“Ifyourunforfitnessandyourgoalis30minutesaday,that’scool.”可知,每天跑步应该在身体承受的范围之内。
2.G 由上文中的“whetherrunningshoesreallyhelppreventinjuryandwhetheryoushouldevenwearthem”可知,好的跑鞋可以纠正脚在鞋内的移动,避免因这些移动而产生伤害。
3.B 由下文中的“Behonestabouthowmuchsleepyouneedandsticktoit.”可知,该小标题与睡眠有关,建议人们每天应保证7到8小时的睡眠。
4.E 由上文中的“Fuelyourbodyrightforrunningandrecovery”以及下文中的“youneedtodelivernutrientstoallthebodyrebuilders”可知,跑前进食的计划可以帮助你变得强壮。
5.A 由上文中的“Whenpainchangesthewayyourun,stoprunning.”可知,一旦发现疼痛,应立刻停止跑步,检查问题出在哪里,并及时治疗。
三、语法填空
When
the
knife
you’re
using
cuts
your
finger
instead
of
the
tomato,you
might
think
it
is
no
big
deal.A
small
cut
will
1.
(usual)
heal
well
without
medical
care
but
any
time
the
skin
gets
broken,there
is
a
risk
of
infection.Here’s
2.
to
care
for
cuts
at
home.
Stop
bleeding
by
3.
(press)
a
clean,soft
cloth
against
the
wound
for
a
few
minutes.If
the
wound
is
bleeding
a
lot,you’ll
need
to
keep
up
the
pressure
for
a
much
4.
(long)
time
(sometimes
up
to
15
minutes).If
the
wound
is
small,the
bleeding
should
stop
in
a
few
minutes.?
Clean
the
wound.Run
warm
water
over
the
cut
for
5
minutes.Then
use
soap
5.
(wash)
the
skin
around
the
cut
gently
and
thoroughly.If
there’s
dirt
in
the
wound,remove
it
if
you
can
—
a
soft,damp
cloth
can
be
6.
(help).Cleaning
the
wound
helps
get
infection-causing
bacteria
out
of
the
7.
(injure)
area.If
you
can’t
get
all
the
dirt
out,call
your
doctor’s
office.?
Dry
the
area
lightly
and
cover
it
with
gauze
(纱布)
or
some
other
type
of
bandage.A
bandage
helps
prevent
germs
from
getting
into
the
wound,8.
can
help
avoid
infection.If
the
bandage
gets
wet
or
dirty,change
it
right
away.?
9.
is
also
necessary
to
take
off
the
bandage
and
gently
wash
the
injury
every
day.Watch
for
10.
(sign)
of
infection.If
it
appears
to
be
worsening
or
becomes
swollen
or
red,see
a
doctor
right
away
to
treat
the
infection.?
答案与解析
1.usually 考查副词。设空处在此修饰谓语,表示“通常”,故填usually。
2.how 考查连接词。设空处所在句意为:这里就讲讲在家中怎么(how)处理伤口。
3.pressing 考查动词-ing形式做宾语的用法。设空处做by的宾语,故填pressing。
4.longer 考查形容词比较级。由设空处前面的much可知,应用形容词比较级,故填longer。
5.to
wash 考查不定式做状语的用法。使用肥皂的目的是清洗伤口周围的皮肤,故填towash。
6.helpful 考查形容词做表语的用法。设空处做表语,意为“有帮助的”,故填helpful。
7.injured 考查过去分词做定语的用法。设空处做定语修饰area,又因为injure与area之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,且injure所表示的动作已完成,故填injured。
8.which 考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,补充说明前面整个主句,且在从句中做主语,故填which。
9.It 考查it的用法。设空处在此做形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式短语,故填It。
10.signs 考查名词复数。sign是可数名词且在此表泛指,故填名词复数形式signs。
1限时规范练38
Unit
19
Language
B
核心素养关键词:培养学生人与社会、热爱音乐的素养能力意识
一、阅读理解
A
Andrew
Feldman
is
a
student
at
Lawrence
Woodmere
Academy
(LWA)
in
Woodmere,New
York.On
June
25,he
took
home
the
top
prize
at
the
National
High
School
Musical
Theatre
Awards
(全美高中生音乐剧奖)
at
Broadway’s
Minskoff
Theatre.
Also
known
as
the
Jimmy
Awards,the
awards
were
named
to
remember
James
M.Nederlander,a
theater
owner
and
Broadway
producer
who
died
in
2016.
Feldman
won
the
award
for
Best
Performance
by
an
Actor
for
playing
Frank
Abagnale
Jr.in
LWA’s
production
of
“Catch
Me
If
You
Can”.
He
and
Reneé
Rapp
each
received
a
$10,000
scholarship.Rapp
from
Charlotte,North
Carolina,is
the
winner
of
the
Best
Performance
by
an
Actress
award.The
other
remaining
seventy-eight
finalists
received
$3,000
scholarships.
The
finalists
received
a
week
of
training
at
the
New
York
University
Tisch
School
of
the
Arts
(TSOA)
before
the
awards
event.Instructors
from
Broadway
taught
them
basic
skills
of
performing
arts.
Feldman
also
won
the
Carnegie
Mellon
Pre-College
Scholarship.Carnegie
Mellon
University,based
in
Pittsburgh,was
founded
in
1900
by
Andrew
Carnegie.Feldman
received
an
additional
$7,500
to
attend
the
university’s
six-week
summer
play
program.
He
has
been
a
Broadway
lover
since
seeing
“Beauty
and
the
Beast”
when
he
was
young.And
then
he
performed
in
his
first
play,a
production
of
“Annie”,
at
eight.
The
shock
of
winning
has
still
not
disappeared.“Winning
the
Jimmy
Award
is
not
something
I
even
imagined,”
Feldman
said.“I
didn’t
think
it
could
actually
happen!
It’s
now
been
about
a
week
and
a
half
and
I
still
don’t
believe
it.”
In
2014,Feldman
created
a
theater
company
called
Zneefrock
Productions.The
company
is
run
totally
by
teens.It
was
set
up
to
raise
money
for
NEXT
for
Autism,an
organization
helping
to
support
autism
programs.
【篇章导读】本文是记叙文。AndrewFeldman获得了2018年度全美高中生音乐剧奖的最佳表演奖。
1.WhatdidFeldmandoduringtheweekbeforeJune25?
A.HeperformedattheMinskoffTheatre.
B.HevisitedCarnegieMellonUniversity.
C.HetraveledaroundPittsburgh.
D.HereceivedtrainingatTSOA.
答案D
解析推理判断题。由第四段中的“Thefinalistsreceivedaweekoftraining...(TSOA)beforetheawardsevent.”可推断,在颁奖仪式之前,Feldman和其他决赛选手一起在帝势艺术学院接受了一周的培训。
2.What
did
Feldman
say
about
winning
the
prize?
A.He
was
certain
of
it.
B.He
was
not
expecting
it.
C.It
took
him
a
lot
of
effort.
D.It
was
not
a
great
achievement.
答案B
解析细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“WinningtheJimmyAwardisnotsomethingIevenimagined”可知,Feldman并没有想到自己会获得吉米奖。
3.Why
did
Feldman
create
Zneefrock
Productions?
A.To
support
an
organization.
B.To
raise
money
for
a
theater.
C.To
help
teenage
Broadway
lovers.
D.To
remember
a
Broadway
producer.
答案A
解析细节理解题。由最后一段可知,Feldman创办公司是为了在资金上支持某慈善组织。
4.What
is
the
text
mainly
about?
A.A
group
of
Broadway
lovers.
B.A
theater
company
run
by
teens.
C.The
winner
of
the
Jimmy
Awards.
D.The
influence
of
the
Jimmy
Awards.
答案C
解析主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文报道了2018年全美高中生音乐剧奖获得者AndrewFeldman。
B
The
idea
of
turning
recycled
plastic
bottles
into
clothing
is
not
new.During
the
last
five
years,a
large
number
of
clothing
companies,businesses,and
environmental
organizations
have
started
turning
plastics
into
fabric
(织物)
to
deal
with
plastic
pollution.But
there’s
a
problem
with
this
method.Research
now
shows
that
microfibers
could
be
the
biggest
source
of
plastic
in
the
sea.
Dr
Mark
Browne
in
Santa
Barbara,California,has
been
studying
plastic
pollution
and
microfibers
for
10
years
now.He
explains
that
every
time
synthetic
(合成的)
clothes
go
into
a
washing
machine,a
large
number
of
plastic
fibers
fall
off.Most
washing
machines
can’t
collect
these
microfibers.So
every
time
the
water
gets
out
of
a
washing
machine,microfibers
are
entering
the
sewers
(下水道)
and
finally
end
up
in
the
sea.
In
2011,Browne
wrote
a
paper
stating
that
a
single
piece
of
synthetic
clothing
can
produce
more
than
1,900
fibers
per
wash.Browne
collected
samples
from
seawater
and
freshwater
sites
around
the
world,and
used
a
special
way
to
examine
each
sample.He
discovered
that
every
single
water
sample
contained
microfibers.
This
is
bad
news
for
a
number
of
reasons.Plastic
can
cause
harm
to
sea
life
when
eaten.Studies
have
also
shown
that
plastic
can
absorb
other
pollutants.
Based
on
this
evidence,it
may
seem
surprising
that
companies
and
organizations
have
chosen
to
turn
plastic
waste
into
clothing
as
an
environmental
“solution”.
Even
though
the
science
has
been
around
for
a
while,Browne
explains
that
he’s
had
a
difficult
time
getting
companies
to
listen.When
he
asked
well-known
clothing
companies
to
support
Benign
by
Design
—
his
research
project
that
seeks
to
get
clothes
that
have
a
bad
effect
on
humans
and
the
environment
out
of
the
market
—
Browne
didn’t
get
a
satisfying
answer.Only
one
women’s
clothing
company,Eileen
Fisher,offered
Browne
funding.
【篇章导读】本文是议论文。回收旧塑料用来制成衣物,这到底是环保还是破坏环境?
5.Whathashappenedduringthepastfiveyears?
A.Fabrichasbecomemuchstronger.
B.Plasticpollutionhasbeenlessserious.
C.Manyplasticshavebeenreused.
D.Microfibershavebeengreatlyimproved.
答案C
解析细节理解题。由第一段中的“Duringthelastfiveyears...todealwithplasticpollution.”可知,塑料这些年被回收利用以制成布料。
6.What
does
Browne
think
of
washing
synthetic
clothes?
A.It
is
adding
microfibers
to
the
clothes.
B.It
is
worsening
environmental
problems.
C.It
is
making
synthetic
clothes
last
longer.
D.It
is
doing
great
damage
to
washing
machines.
答案B
解析推理判断题。由第二段中的“Soeverytimethewater...endupinthesea.”可知,洗衣服带来的超细纤维最终进入大海,污染水体。
7.What
can
be
inferred
about
Browne’s
Benign
by
Design
research
project?
A.It
has
achieved
great
success.
B.It
hasn’t
got
anything
done.
C.It
is
known
to
very
few
people.
D.It
is
facing
some
difficulties.
答案D
解析推理判断题。最后一段中提到只有一家公司对这个研究项目进行了资助,其他机构都不认同,由此可知这一项目面临许多困难。
8.What’s
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.It’s
important
to
learn
to
recycle
B.It’s
never
easy
to
solve
pollution
problems
C.Recycled
plastic
clothing:solution
or
pollution?
D.Are
human
beings
moving
forward
or
backward?
答案C
解析标题归纳题。回收塑料制成衣物这个一直被认为很环保的行为最近被发现对环境有危害,本文主要就此话题进行了讨论。C项作标题最能概括文章主旨。
二、完形填空
Alonzo
Johnson
stopped.He
decided
to
help
a(n) 1
elderly
man
down
an
escalator
(自动扶梯)
in
a
Massachusetts
shopping
mall
last
week, 2
the
23-year-old
could
never
have
predicted
that
his
simple,random
act
of
kindness
would
win
him
the
3
of
thousands
of
people
online.?
An
old
man 4
at
the
top
of
an
escalator
and
a
few
people
started
gathering
5
to
get
on.It
was
clear
he
was
feeling
6
as
to
whether
to
step
on
to
the
escalator
or
not.Johnson
spotted
the
senior
citizen
hesitating
and
7
the
simplest
kindness.He
reached
out
a(n)
8
and
asked
with
a
smile
on
his
face,“Can
I
help
you,sir?”?
The
old
man
quietly
started
to 9
to
the
young
man
that
he
had
gotten
stuck
on
an
escalator
once
and
was
a
little
10 .The
young
man
gently
offered
his
assurance,they
11
each
other
eye
to
eye
for
just
a
moment
and
the
old
man
12
his
arm.Everyone
else
remained
13
and
waited.?
Paula
Picard
and
a
friend
were
standing
nearby
and
14
to
take
a
touching
photo
of
the
pair
linking
arms
as
they
15
the
escalator
together.She
posted
the
16
on
Facebook
and
it
spread
17
with
more
than
420,000
likes
and
25,000
comments
in
just
a
few
hours.?
Johnson
said
he
never 18
his
actions
would
reach
so
many
people.?
“He
looked
very
afraid
and
I
thought
maybe
I
could 19 ,”
Johnson
said.“My
mom
always
tells
us
to
be
nice
and
do
the
20
thing.It’s
really
the
way
I
was
brought
up
and
how
I
was
raised.”?
【篇章导读】本文是记叙文。一位老人不敢乘坐自动扶梯,一位年轻人伸出援手,热心帮忙。
1.A.busy
B.frightened
C.injured
D.blind
答案B
解析由最后一段中的“Helookedveryafraid”可知,Johnson看到老人时,老人看起来非常“害怕(frightened)”。
2.A.so
B.if
C.but
D.because
答案C
解析Johnson帮助老人下扶梯,这一小小的善举获得了网友的广泛关注,这是他始料未及的,该空前后两句话存在语义上的转折关系,故填but。
3.A.praise
B.blame
C.happiness
D.anger
答案A
解析由下文“morethan420,000likesand25,000comments”可知,Johnson扶老人下扶梯的照片获得大量的“点赞”与评论,他的善举赢得了人们的“称赞(praise)”。
4.A.stopped
B.worked
C.read
D.fell
答案A
解析由下文“afewpeoplestartedgathering”以及“whethertostepontotheescalatorornot”可知,老人没有走上扶梯,他身后已经聚集了一些人,由此可推断,老人此时“停(stopped)”在扶梯顶端。
5.A.running
B.pushing
C.shouting
D.waiting
答案D
解析下文“Everyoneelse...andwaited”是提示,老人停在扶梯顶端时,一些人在他后面“等待(waiting)”上扶梯。
6.A.hopeful
B.convenient
C.unsure
D.uncomfortable
答案C
解析由下文“whethertostepontotheescalatorornot”及“theseniorcitizenhesitating”可知,老人“不确定(unsure)”要不要走上扶梯。
7.A.offered
B.sold
C.wanted
D.took
答案A
解析Johnson注意到老人犹豫不前,“主动提供(offered)”帮助。
8.A.eye
B.arm
C.rope
D.stick
答案B
解析下文hisarm是提示。
9.A.promise
B.prove
C.apologize
D.explain
答案D
解析下文“hehadgottenstuckonanescalatoronceand...”是老人对自己犹豫不前的“解释(explain)”。
10.A.excited
B.surprised
C.scared
D.disappointed
答案C
解析因为老人曾经被扶梯卡住过,因此他有点“害怕(scared)”。
11.A.argued
with
B.listened
to
C.looked
at
D.ran
into
答案C
解析下文eyetoeye是提示,他们互相“望着(lookedat)”对方。
12.A.accepted
B.shook
C.refused
D.left
答案A
解析由下文老人和Johnson一起下扶梯可知,这时他“接受了(accepted)”Johnson的帮助。
13.A.anxious
B.patient
C.interested
D.worried
答案B
解析由本句中的waited可知,在Johnson与老人交流这段时间,其他人“耐心(patient)”等待着。
14.A.managed
B.avoided
C.asked
D.failed
答案A
解析由下文照片被上传到社交媒体上可知,PaulaPicard和朋友“成功(managed)”拍到了照片。
15.A.talked
about
B.walked
towards
C.went
down
D.searched
for
答案C
解析由上文中的“downanescalator”和“atthetopofanescalator”可知,这张照片展示了Johnson扶老人“下(wentdown)”扶梯的情景。
16.A.message
B.Comment
C.example
D.photo
答案D
解析PaulaPicard把这张“照片(photo)”上传到了社交媒体上,它(照片)传播“很快(quickly)”,几个小时的时间便获得大量的“点赞”和评论。
17.A.differently
B.quickly
C.strangely
D.completely
答案B
解析见上题解析。
18.A.meant
B.admitted
C.understood
D.expected
答案D
解析由第一段中的“the23-year-oldcouldneverhavepredictedthat...”可知,Johnson没有“预料到(expected)”他的举动会被这么多人知道。
19.A.help
B.follow
C.see
D.smile
答案A
解析Johnson在老人犹豫不前时提供了“帮助(help)”。
20.A.easy
B.famous
C.right
D.perfect
答案C
解析由Johnson的母亲教导他要善良可推断,要他做“对的(right)”事。
三、短文改错
When
asking
about
my
mother,I
often
reply
that
she
is
perhaps
the
only
one
can
understand
my
feelings
without
any
exchange
of
words.To
my
view,there’s
nothing
strong
than
her
love
for
me.She
knows
how
to
make
me
smile
and
at
the
same
time
knows
how
to
make
me
behave
me.Most
important,she
always
does
what
she
can
to
help
me
particularly
when
I
am
in
the
trouble.On
a
sad
day
I
will
always
become
happier,just
by
see
her
loving
eyes
and
encouraged
smile.My
mother
was,is
and
will
always
be
my
first
and
best
friends
forever.
答案
第一句:asking→asked;can前加who/that
第二句:To→In;strong→stronger
第三句:第三个me→myself
第四句:important→importantly;去掉the
第五句:see→seeing;encouraged→encouraging
第六句:friends→friend
1(共25张PPT)
Unit
19 Language
-2-
必背表达单词——写作信手拈来
1.fluency
n. 流畅度,流利度
2.accuracy
n.
精确度,准确度
3.thankful
adj.
感谢的;为……感到高兴的
4.jungle
n.
热带丛林
5.cafeteria
n.
小餐馆,咖啡馆
6.fold
v.
折叠;交叉
7.decade
n.
十年
8.trend
n.
趋势,倾向
9.absence
n.
缺乏;缺席
10.theory
n.
理论;学说
11.attain
vt.
达到;获得
12.surround
vt.
围绕;环绕
-3-
13.curriculum
n.
(学校的)课程
14.adequate
adj.
充分的;足够的
15.medium
n.
媒介物,渠道
16.ensure
vt.
保证,确保
17.accelerate
vi.&
vt.
加速
18.target
n.
目标
19.enlarge
vt.
扩大
20.guarantee
vt.
保证
21.adjust
vt.
调整;调节
22.inform
vt.
通知;告知
23.theft
n.
偷窃
24.announcement
n.
宣告;通告
25.relative
n.
亲戚;亲属
-4-
26.pat
vt.&
n.
轻拍;拍
27.congratulate
vt.
祝贺
28.explicit
adj.
明确的;清楚的
29.unconscious
adj.
无意的;不知不觉的
30.rigid
adj.
僵硬的
31.tight
adj.
绷紧的
32.resemble
vt.
与……相似,像
33.transparent
adj.
透明的;清晰易辨的
34.unrest
n.
不安
35.merely
adv.
仅仅,只
36.purchase
vt.
购买
37.negotiate
vt.
谈判,协商
-5-
38.ambiguous
adj.
模棱两可的
39.approval
n.
批准;赞许;赞成
40.bent
adj.
弯曲的
41.applicant
n.
申请人
42.certificate
n.
证书;证明
43.competence
n.
能力
44.diploma
n.
毕业证书
45.register
vt.
登记
46.candidate
n.
候选人
47.globe
n.
地球
-6-
48.barber
n.
理发师
49.fasten
vt.
束紧
50.regulation
n.
规则
51.haircut
n.
理发
52.amateur
adj.
业余的
53.sincerely
adv.
真诚地
54.embarrass
vt.
使窘迫
55.punctual
adj.
准时的,守时的
-7-
识记阅读单词——读文理解通畅
1.punctuation
n. 标点符号
2.royal
adj.
皇家的,王室的
3.nationwide
adv.
全国性地
4.constitution
n.
宪法
5.liberty
n.
自由
6.acquisition
n.
(语言)习得
7.mate
n.
老兄,老弟,伙计
8.cream
n.
奶油,油
9.razor
n.
剃刀
10.brochure
n.
小册子
11.cab
n.
出租汽车
12.upwards
adv.
向上地
-8-
13.upper
adj.
上面的
14.outline
vt.
勾出轮廓
15.offence
n.
冒犯;得罪
16.cheers
inter.
谢谢
17.diagram
n.
图表;图解
18.caption
n.
(图片的)说明文字
19.booth
n.
(餐馆内的)雅座;(电话)亭
20.barbershop
n.理发店
21.directory
n.
指南
22.stewardess
n.
女乘务员
23.steward
n.
男乘务员
24.personnel
n.
全体职员
25.academy
n.
学会;学院
-9-
『语用规律归纳』
1.以“t(e)”结尾的形容词改“t(e)”为“cy”变成名词
(1)fluent
流利的→fluency
流利
(2)accurate
精确的→accuracy
精确
(3)urgent
紧急的→urgency
紧急;紧急的事
(4)efficient
有效率的→efficiency
效率
(5)frequent
频繁的→frequency
频繁
(6)emergent
突然的;紧急的→emergency
紧急情况
(7)pregnant
怀孕的→pregnancy
怀孕
-10-
2.去“e”加“-al”构成名词的动词
(1)survive
幸存→survival
幸存
(2)arrive到达→arrival
到达
(3)approve批准→approval
批准
(4)remove移动;移除→removal
移动;移除
-11-
3.加前缀“en-”或后缀“-en”构成的动词小结
(1)large
adj.
大的→enlarge
v.
扩大
(2)rich
adj.
富裕的→enrich
v.
丰富
(3)able
adj.
有能力的→enable
v.
使能够
(4)sure
adj.
确信的→ensure
v.
确保;保证
(5)danger
n.
危险→endanger
v.
使遭受危险
(6)courage
n.
勇气→encourage
v.
鼓励
(7)strength
n.
力气→strengthen
v.
加强
(8)fright
n.
惊吓→frighten
v.
吓唬
(9)weak
adj.
弱的→weaken
v.
减弱
(10)deep
adj.
深的→deepen
v.
加深
(11)sharp
adj.
锋利的→sharpen
v.
使锋利
(12)less
adj.
较少的→lessen
v.
减少;缩小
(13)broad
adj.
宽的→broaden
v.
拓宽
-12-
『构织连脉词族』
1.fluent
adj.
流利的→fluently
adv.
流利地→fluency
n.
流利度,流畅度
2.accurate
adj.
准确的;精确的;正确的→accurately
adv.
准确地;正确无误地;精确地→accuracy
n.
精确度,准确度
3.absent
adj.
缺席的;缺乏的,不在的→absence
n.
不在;缺席;缺乏
4.surround
vt.
环绕,围绕→surrounding
adj.
周围的;附近的→surroundings
n.
环境;周围的情况;周围的事物
5.accelerate
vi.
&
vt.
加速→accelerator
n.
加速器;催化剂→acceleration
n.
加速
6.adjust
vt.
调整;调节→adjustable
adj.
可调整的;可调节的→adjustment
n.
调整;调节;(思想、行为的)适应
7.congratulate
vt.
祝贺→congratulation
n.
祝贺(常用复数)
-13-
8.conscious
adj.
意识到的,注意到的,清醒的→consciously
adv.
意识到地,注意到地,清醒地→unconscious
adj.
没有意识到的,不知不觉的,无意识的→unconsciously
adv.
不知不觉地,无意识地→unconsciousness
n.
昏迷,无知觉状态
9.negotiate
vt.
谈判,协商→negotiation
n.
谈判,协商→negotiator
n.
协商者,谈判代表→negotiable
adj.
可讨论的,可协商的
10.approve
v.
赞成,同意;批准→approval
n.
赞成;承认;正式批准
11.apply
v.
申请;应用→application
n.
申请;应用→applicant
n.
申请人
12.register
v.
登记;注册→registration
n.
登记;注册
13.embarrass
vt.
使窘迫;使尴尬→embarrassment
n.
尴尬;窘迫→embarrassing
adj.
令人尴尬的;令人窘迫的→embarrassed
adj.
感到尴尬的;感到窘迫的
14.punctual
adj.
准时的,守时的punctuality
n.
准时,守时
-14-
『语境活用』
1.According
to
the
regulations(规则),applicants
are
required
to
show
their
diplomas(毕业证书)when
applying
for
the
position.
2.He
is
an
amateur(业余的)
boxer,and
he’s
always
punctual
(守时的)for
any
match.
3.In
order
to
accelerate (加快)
the
creation
of
a
harmonious
atmosphere,the
company
has
to
make
its
accounts
and
operations
as
transparent (透明的)as
possible.?
4.Whether
tickets
now
can
be
purchased (购买)in
advance
online,the
theatre
is
ambiguous(模棱两可的).?
5.The
police
believed
Derek’s
accuracy
(accurate)
of
the
description
of
the
accident,and
went
on
with
the
negotiation
(negotiate)
with
the
victim’s
relatives.
-15-
1.adjust
to
适应,调节
2.keep
sb
informed
of
sth始终告知某人某事
3.provided
that
如果,条件是
4.to
put
it
simply简而言之
5.in
advance预先
6.get
ahead
取得成功,获得进步
7.sign
up
报名(参加)
8.catch
on
学会,理解,变得流行
9.turn
on
攻击……
10.resemble
sb
in
在某方面和某人像
-16-
『语境活用』
用上面的短语填空
1.To
avoid
getting
into
trouble,you’d
better
make
a
budget
in
advance.
2.My
aunt
is
thinking
of
signing
up
for
a
yoga
course
so
that
she
can
keep
a
nice
figure.
3.After
the
concert,the
pop
star’s
new
song
began
to
catch
on,especially
among
college
students.
4.Criminals
turned
on
the
police
overturning
vehicles
and
setting
fire
to
them.
5.Without
doubt,after-school
activities
can
help
students
get
ahead
in
their
studies.
-17-
『语用规律归纳』
1.小结“动词+宾语+of...”结构的短语
(1)warn
sb
of...警告某人……
(2)accuse
sb
of...指控某人……
(3)rob
sb
of...抢劫某人……
(4)suspect
sb
of...怀疑某人……
(5)remind
sb
of...提醒某人……
(6)inform
sb
of...通知某人……
(7)convince
sb
of...使某人相信……
-18-
2.“故意地”多种表达
(1)on
purpose (2)by
design
(3)purposely
(4)deliberately
(5)intentionally
(6)designedly
3.表示“如果”的短语
(1)provided
that
(2)suppose
that
(3)supposing
that
(4)on
condition
that
(5)in
case
-19-
『领悟教材语境』
1.There’s
no
point
reading
the
news
in
English
if
you’ve
already
watched
it
in
your
own
language.(Page
6)
如果你已经用母语看过这则消息,再用英语来读这则消息是没有意义的。
[考点提炼]There
is
no
point(in)doing表示“做……没有意义”。
2.It
was
predicted
as
early
as
the
1700s
that
English
would
one
day
be
the
global
language
and
that
has
proved
to
be
the
case
in
the
last
few
decades.(Page
6)
早在18世纪人们就预测,有一天英语将成为全球性语言,并且在过去的几十年中它已得到了证明。
[考点提炼]It
is/was
predicted
that...表示“据预测……”。
-20-
3.Thirdly,you
say
that
there
is
a
discount
provided
that
I
pay
in
advance.(Page
12)
第三,你们说我只要预付款就有折扣。
[考点提炼]provided
that引导条件状语从句的用法。
-21-
『高考写作情景』
1.试图说服他改变主意是没有意义的。
There’s
no
point
trying
to
persuade
him
to
change
his
mind.
2.人们预测今年这所学校将有超过十人被北京大学录取。
It’s
predicted
that
over
ten
students
in
this
school
will
be
admitted
into
Beijing
University.
3.如果天下雨,我们可以在室内上体育课吗?
Can
we
have
our
PE
class
indoors
provided
that
it
rains?
-22-
『主题与语法填空』
Get
ahead
with
your
English
According
to
the
1.prediction(predict)as
early
as
the
1700s,English
would
be
spoken
2.globally(global),which
has
proved
to
be
the
case
in
the
last
few
decades.Being
able
to
speak
a
foreign
language
can
make
you
stand
3.out
and
get
ahead
in
today’s
world.
To
attain
a
high
level
of
fluency
and
accuracy
in
English,you
need
4. a
native
English
environment.However,only
a
few
people
have
the
opportunity
5.to
live(live)in
an
English-speaking
country.English
has
to
be
a
part
of
the
school
curriculum,6.where
teachers
are
encouraged
to
create
a
rich
language
environment
in
the
classroom,and
guarantee
an
adequate
amount
of
input
in
English
7.conveyed(convey)to
the
students
through
various
mediums.?
-23-
On
the
other
hand,students
are
recommended
that
they
8.(should)put(put)in
extra
work
outside
of
the
classroom.For
example,read
English
newspapers
or
news
websites
after
watching
the
news
in
9.your
(you)
native
language.
All
in
all,10.what
you
need
to
remember
is
why
you
are
learning
English
and
staying
dedicated
is
necessary.
-24-
-25-
