2020学年人教版英语七年级下册
Unit
12
What
did
you
do
last
weekend?
Unit
12
Section
A教材全解
1.go
boating去划船
【重点注释】这是“go+doing”结构的短语,类似的还有:go
swimming/fishing/shopping/skating/camping去游泳/钓鱼/购物/滑冰/野营。
2.camped
by
the
lake在湖边野营
【重点注释】①camp此处作不及物动词,意为“扎营,宿营”,常用短语go
camping意为“去野营”,camp
out意为“野营;露营”。例如:We
camped
near
the
beach.我们靠近海滩宿营。Where
did
you
camp
last
night?昨晚你在哪里宿营了?They
often
go
camping
on
summer
holidays.他们经常在暑假去野营。I
went
camping
with
my
friends
last
Sunday.上星期日我和朋友们去露营了。The
students
love
camping
out
on
summer
holidays.学生们喜欢在暑假中露营。
【拓展记忆】camp还可作名词,意为“野营,营地“,可构成词组:summer
camp夏令营,winter
camp冬令营。例句:Let’s
go
back
to
the
camp.It’s
getting
dark.我们回营地吧。天快黑了。We
had
a
good
week
at
the
camp.我们在营地过了愉快的一周。Did
you
go
to
summer
camp
last
year?去年你参加夏令营了吗?
②by
the
lake在湖边,by此处是介词,意为“在……旁边”、“在……近旁”、“在……手边”,此时要注意它与介词near有所不同,即by表示的距离更“近”。例如:He
lives
by
the
sea.他住在海滨。He
lives
near
the
sea.他住在离海不远处。
【拓展记忆】by表示手段或方式等,注意以下用法:表示“乘”“坐”时,其后接交通工具(如bus,bike,train,plane,car,taxi,ship等)或与交通工具密切相关的名词(如air,water,land,road等),在句中主要用作方式状语,其中通常不用冠词或其他限定词。例如:They
came
here
by
bus.他们是坐公共汽车来的。【注意】汉语说“步行”,英语习惯上用on
foot,而不用by
foot。
3.——What
did
you
do
last
weekend,Lucy?露西,上个周末你做什么了?
——Well,on
Saturday
morning,I
played
badminton
['b?dmint?n].
噢,在周六上午我打羽毛球了。
【重点注释】①问句(第一句)是一个含有一般过去时态的特殊疑问句,其构成为:特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他?其中的助动词did是do的过去式。【注意】句子中用了助动词did后,后面的动词要用动词原形。例如:——What
did
you
do
yesterday?——I
went
to
the
hospital.昨天你做什么了?我去医院了。And
what
did
you
say?那你说什么了?Where
did
my
children
go
today
after
school?我的孩子们今天放学后去哪儿?How
did
you
find
the
time?你是如何挤出时间的?When
did
you
first
read
his
work?你第一次看他的作品是什么时候?
【试题链接】——What
did
you
do
last
night?
——I
TV
and
read
books.
A.watch
B.watched
C.have
watched
D.watching
(根据上句中问的是一般过去时,故答语中也要用过去时,保持上下句的时态一致性,故答案为B)
②last
weekend意为“上周末”。weekend为名词,意为“周末”,在5天工作制的国家,指周六和周日;在6天工作制的国家,指星期日。对应词为weekday(可数名词),即上课或上班的日子,通常指周一至周五的时间。On
weekends在周末,on
weekdays上学的日子,上班的日子。例如:We
must
go
and
have
a
weekend
there.我们应当到那里度周末。【拓展】当“last/next/this/that+时间”在句中作时间状语时,其前通常不再用介词。例如:He
went
to
the
beach
last
Sunday.上个星期天他去海滨了。Do
we
have
dinner
together
sometime
this
weekend?我们在这个周末的某个时候一起吃饭好吗?I’m
goint
to
Beijing
this
afternoon.今天下午我要去北京。
③on
Saturday
morning=on
the
morning
of
Saturday.在星期六的上午。表示在具体某一天、某一天的某段时间(上午/下午/晚上),均用介词on。例如:on
a
sunny
morning.在一个晴朗的早上,on
a
winter
evening.在一个冬季的晚上,On
the
morning
of
May
1st
在五一的上午/早晨。
.
④play
badminton
['b?dmint?n],意为“打羽毛球“,play与球类名词连用,表示”打……球,踢……球“时,球类运动名词前不加任何冠词和限定词。play
volleyball打排球,play
football踢足球,play
asketball打篮球,play
table
tennis打乒乓球。例如:I
play
badminton
and
tennis
there我在那儿打羽毛球和网球。Can
you
play
basketball?你会打篮球吗?
【试题链接】——Let’s
play
soccer.
——I
don’t
have
soccer
ball.
A.不填;a
B.the;a
C.a;the
D.不填;the
(play后接球类名词时,球类名词前不加任何冠词或限定词;但若表示某人有一个足球,应用a
修饰。答案:A)
【归纳记忆】不用冠词的情况:1)国名,人名前通常不用定冠词。England英国,Mary玛丽。2)泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可以不用定冠词。They
are
teachers.他们是老师。3)抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词。Failure
is
the
mother
of
success.失败乃成功之母。4)物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,当表示特定意思时,需要加定冠词。We
cannot
live
without
water.我们离开水就无法生存。5)在季节/月份/节日/假日/日期/星期/等表示时间的名词前,不加冠词。We
go
to
school
from
Monday
to
Friday.我们从周一到周五都上课。6)在称呼或表示官衔、职位的名词前不加冠词。The
guards
took
the
American
to
General
Lee.士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。7)在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名词前,不加冠词。Have
breakfast吃早饭,play
chess下国际象棋。
4.I
studied
for
the
English
test.我为英语测验(考试)而学习。
【重点注释】study
for为……而学习,for后常接sb./sth.或doing
sth;study
for
the/a
test为考试而学习,study
for
the
English/math
test为英语/数学考试而学习。例如:I
have
to
study
for
English.我不得不为英语而学习。I’m
studying
for
the/a
rest.我在为考试学习。We
study
for
our
motherland.我们为祖国而学习。We
study
for
knowledge,
not
for
marks.我们为求知而学习,不是为分数而学习。【注意】for的用法:We
play
basketball
for
our
motherland.
我们为祖国而打球。【辨析】work
for为……效力,为……而工作。例如:My
uncle
works
for
the
government.我叔叔在为政府工作。Why
do
you
want
to
work
for
him?为什么你愿意为他工作呢?
5.I
fed
some(sheep/cows)我喂养了一些(绵羊/奶牛)
【重点注释】sheep,可数名词,意为“羊,绵羊”,其复数形式与单数形式同形,此处为复数形式,a
sheep一只绵羊,many
sheep许多绵羊。例如:I’m
a
sheep.I’m
your
mum.我是一只绵羊。我是你妈妈。There
are
three
sheep
under
the
tree.树底下有三只羊。There
are
some
sheep
in
the
yard.院子里有一些绵羊。
【拓展记忆】单复数同形的名词还有:deer鹿,fish鱼,Chinese中国人,Japanese日本人。它们作主语时,谓语动词的单复数要视它们在句子中的意义来决定。
【试题链接】The
often
eat
grass
on
the
hill.
A.children
B.horse
C.cow
D.sheep
(此题考查
的可数与不可数。chicken,horse和cow的复数形式应该加-s,而sheep的单复数形式同形,同时动词eat说明应该填复数形式。答案:D)
【试题链接】The
students
of
Grade
7
visited
Mike’s
farm
and
saw
many
there.
A.bird
B.duck
C.sheep
D.rabbit
(many修饰可数名词的复数形式。bird,duck,rabbit均为可数名词单数形式,sheep的复数仍是sheep。答案:C)
6.——Who
visited
her
grandma?谁看望(拜访)了她的奶奶?
——Betty
did.贝蒂看望(拜访)了(她的奶奶)。
【重点注释】①问句中的who是对Betty
visited
her
grandma.中的Betty提问。提问人,常用who。例如:Lily
played
football
for
her
school.→Who
played
football
for
her
school?
She
went
with
her
classmates.→Who(Whom)
did
she
go
with?
②答句Betty
did.中的did代替问句中visited
her
grandma,完整的句子是:Betty
visited
her
grandma.。英语中,为了避免不必要的重复,经常用do,does,did,so等来代替前面的动词或相关内容。例如:1)——Did
Mischa
say
that?——Yes,he
did.(did代替said
that)米萨说的?是的,他说的。2)——Do
you
like
music?——No,but
my
father
does.(does代替likes
music)你喜欢音乐吗?不,但是我爸爸喜欢音乐。3)——Do
you
think
he
is
clever?——I
think
so.(so代替he
is
clever)你认为他聪明吗?我认为如此。
7.I
worked
as
a
guide
at
the
Natural
History
Museum.我在自然历史博物馆当导游了。
【重点注释】①as此处用作介词,意思是“作为,当做”。例如:He
works
as
an
actor.他是一名演员。As
a
student,you
should
study
hard
for
our
motherland.作为一名学生,你应当为祖国而努力学习。He
came
to
China
as
a
tourist
five
years
ago.他5年前以游客的身份来过中国。Can
I
say
something
to
you
as
a
friend?我能以朋友的身份说点忠告吗?
【拓展记忆】as还可以作连词,其用法为:1)表示“当……时候”,引导时间状语从句。例如:We
sing
as
we
go
home.我们边回家边唱歌。As
I
was
watching
TV,I
heard
a
terrible
noise.我看电视时,听到一阵可怕的噪音。2)表示“因为,由于”,引导原因状语从句。例如:We
all
believe
his
as
he
is
an
honest
boy.我们都相信他,因为他是一个诚实的男孩。I
can’t
go
with
you
as
I
have
too
much
homework
to
do
today.我不能和你一起去,因为今天我有太多的家庭作业要做。3)表示“像……那样,按照”,引导比较或方式状语从句。例如:My
bag
is
as
big
as
yours.我的书包和你的一样大。(as+形容词/副词+as:和……一样。例如:He
got
up
as
early
as
I他和我一样起床早。)I
can’t
speak
English
as
well
as
she
does.我说英语不能和她说得一样好。Please
do
as
your
teacher
says.请按你老师所说的去做。You
must
do
as
he
said.你必须按照他说的做。
【试题链接】
a
teacher,John
thinks
that
his
main
duty
is
to
help
the
students
to
become
better
learners.
A.As
B.By
C.About
D.At
(句意:作为一名老师,约翰认为他的主要职责是帮助学生成为更好地学习者。as意为“作为”。答案:A)
②natural形容词,意为“自然的”。例如:The
city
has
a
fine
natural
environment.该市有一个良好的自然环境。【拓展】nature不可数名词,意为“自然界;(大)自然”,在句中不加冠词,且“n”可以大写也可以不大写。例如:Nature
does
not
provide
everything
we
want.自然界并不提供我们所需要的一切东西。
【试题链接】They
moved
out
of
the
city
and
got
back
to______.
A.the
natures
B.the
nature
C.a
nature
D.nature
(句意:他们搬出了城市,回到大自然。nature作为“自然界;(大)自然”讲时,是不可数名词,其在句中不加冠词,且“n”可以大写也可以不大写。答案:D)
8.How
interesting!多么有趣啊!
【重点注释】本句为how引导的感叹句,后面省略了it
was.,完整的句子是:How
interesting
it
was!由how引导的感叹句,how意为“多么“,用作状语,修饰形容词或副词(被强调部分)。如果修饰形容词,则句中的谓语动词用连系动词;如果how修饰副词,则句中的谓语动词用行为动词,这类句子的结构形式是:How+形容词/副词(+主语+谓语)!例如:How
cold
it
is
today!今天多么冷啊!How
nice
the
pictures
are!多么漂亮的图画呀!How
happy
they
look!他们看起来多高兴啊!How
well
she
sings!她唱得多好啊!How
fast
he
runs!他跑得真快呀!How
hard
they
are
working
now.他们现在干得多起劲啊!
【拓展记忆】感叹句也可以用what引导,what意为“多么”,用作定语,修饰名词性短语(被强调部分),即“a/an+形容词+名词单数”或“形容词+不可数名词/名词复数”,其结构形式是“What+a/an+形容词+名词单数(+主语+谓语)!”或“What+形容词+不可数名词/名词复数(+主语+谓语)!”。例句:What
a
hot
day
it
is!多么热的天啊!What
a
clever
girl
she
is!多么聪明的姑娘啊!What
an
interesting
story
it
is!多么有趣的故事呀!What
bad
weather
it
is!多糟糕的天气呀!What
good
children
they
are!他们是多么好的孩子呀!
【试题链接】
clever
the
boy
is!
A.How
B.What
C.What
a
D.How
a
(句中the
boy
is是主语和谓语动词,中心词是形容词clever,故需用how引导感叹句。句意:那个男孩多么聪明啊!答案:A)
【试题链接】——
interesting
the
storybook
is!
——Yes.I
have
read
it
twice.
A.What
B.What
an
C.How
D.How
an
(第一句的主语是the
storybook
is,中心词是形容词interesting,故需用how引导感叹句。句意:这本故事书是多么有趣啊!是的,我已经读过两次了。答案:C)
9.They
have
a
butterfly
house
with
over
200
kinds
of
butterflies!他们有一个有200多种蝴蝶的蝴蝶馆。
【重点注释】①butterfly['b?t?fla?]名词,蝴蝶,复数butterflies。a
butterfly
house一个蝴蝶馆。
②with此处表示“带有”或“拥有”,意为“有…的,持有,随身带着”。例如:I
have
a
friend
with
long
hair.我有一个长着长头发的朋友。I
have
no
money
with
me.
我没有随身带钱。He
is
a
man
with
a
hot
temper.
他是一个脾气暴躁的人。We
bought
a
house
with
a
garden.
我们买了一座带花园的房子。China
is
a
very
large
country
with
a
long
history.
中国是一个具有悠久历史的大国。
③over此处相当于more
than,在其后加数词时意为“超过……,多于……”。例如:He
is
more
than
5
years
old.
他超过5岁。The
river
is
more
than
3,000meteres.那条河有3,000多米。
④a
kind
of
是指很多数量里面的一个,后跟单数名词。kinds
of是指一个种类,一个种类里面有很多个数量,跟复数名词。kind
of
有一点,有几分。all
kinds
of
多种多样的,各种各样的。
10.I
told
the
visitors
about
them
and
their
living
habits.我向游客讲述蝴蝶及它们的生活习惯。
【重点注释】①visitor可数名词,意为“游客;访问者”,由动词visit(参观,拜访)加后缀-or构成的名词,复数visitors。例如:He
is
an
English
visitor.他是一名英国游客。Today
we
have
some
visitors
in
our
class.今天有一些客人来我们班听课。【注意】常在“用所给单词的适当形式填空”题型中考查visit与visitor之间的转换。
【拓展记忆】一些动词的后面加-er构成名词,表示发出此动作的人,而visitor则是加-or构成名词。1)常见的v+-er构成的名词:player运动员,writer作者,singer歌手,driver驾驶员,teacher教师,worker工人,builder建设者,trainer训练员,learner初学者,runner跑步者,swimmer游泳者。2)常见的v.+-or构成的名词:visitor参观者,inventor发明家,collector收集者/收藏家。
②tell
sb.about
sth.告诉某人关于某事。例如:Tell
us
about
your
story.告诉我们关于你的故事。Tell
us
something
about
yourself.告诉我们关于你自己的故事。The
man
is
telling
the
police
about
the
accient.这个人正在告诉警察关于事故的事。【注意】tell
sb.sth.=tell
sth.to
sb.告诉某人某事,tell
sb.about
sth.告诉某人关于某事,两者无太大区别,只是翻译方式不同,或者说前者是双宾语,而后者不是双宾语。
例句:Tell
me
your
life=Tell
your
life
to
me.告诉我你的生活。Could
you
tell
me
something
about
the
Ming
Tombs?请告诉我关于明十三陵的一些事好吗?
③living此处为动词live(活,居住,过着)的动名词形式,表示用途,living
habits生活习惯,a
living
room起居室/会客室/客厅。例如:That
is
a
big
living
room.那是一间很大的起居室。You
have
to
think
of
your
living
habits
你不得不考虑一下你的生活习惯。
【拓展记忆】1)living作形容词,意为“活着的”,all
living
things所有的生物。例如:Is
the
fish
still
living?鱼还活着吗?They
didn’t
find
any
living
things
on
the
moon.他们在月球上没有发现任何有生命的东西。2)living作名词,意为“生计,生存之道”,make
a
living谋生。例如:He
made
a
living
by
writing.他靠写作谋生。
11.Did
you
have
a
good
weekend?你周末过得愉快吗?
【重点注释】have
a
good
weekend意为“周末过得愉快”。
【拓展记忆】have
a
good
time玩得高兴/过得愉快,have
a
good
rest好好休息,have
a
good
trip旅途愉快。例句:——have
a
good
trip.旅途愉快——Thank
you(very
much).(非常)感谢你。
12.Yeah,it
was
good,but
I’m
kind
of
tired
now.是的,挺好的,但是现在我有点儿累。
【重点注释】tired形容词,意为“疲倦的;疲劳的;累的”;be
tired
of意为“对……厌烦”。例如:He
looks
tired
today.他今天看起来很疲惫。They
are
very
tired
of
him.他们对他厌烦透了。She
was
tired
of
watching
TV.她看电视看得厌倦了。He
went
to
bed
late
last
night.Now
he
is
very
tired.昨晚他睡觉很晚。现在他非常疲倦。
【试题链接】Linda
felt
very
after
the
long
way,so
she
stopped
to
have
a
rest.
A.surprised
B.shy
C.tired
D.excited
(surprised吃惊的,shy害羞的,tired疲劳的,excited兴奋的。由句中after
the
long
way(经过长途跋涉之后)可知,琳达感到非常累。答案:C)
13.I
stayed
up
late
to
watch
the
soccer
game.为了观看足球比赛我熬到深夜/我熬夜看足球比赛了。
【重点注释】①stay作不及物动词,意为“停留,待”。例如:It’s
raining
outside,so
we
have
to
stay
at
home.外面正在下雨,因此我们不得不呆在家里。I
have
to
stay
at
home.我不得不呆在家里。
②stay
up
late意为“深夜不睡;熬夜”。例如:I
stayed
up
late
until
two
o’clock
in
the
morning.我熬夜一直到凌晨两点。Don’t
stay
up
late.It’s
bad
for
your
health.不要睡得太晚。那对你的健康不好。【辨析】stay
up
late熬夜,睡得很晚;stay
up熬夜不睡;前者熬到最后还是要睡,后者宁死不睡。stay
up
doing
sth.=stay
up
and
do
sth.(doing
sth.作状语,表伴随情况)熬夜做某事(已经做了,但没做完,要熬夜继续做)。stay
up
to
do
sth.=stay
up
in
order
to
do
sth.(to
do
sth.表示目的)熬夜做某事(没做,要熬夜去做)。She
stayed
up
reading
until
midnight.她看书看到半夜才睡。She
promised
the
children
they
could
stay
up
for(to
watch)
their
favourite
TV
programme.
她答应孩子们他们可以熬夜看他们最喜爱的电视节目。
【拓展记忆】与stay相关的常见短语:stay
in呆在家里,stay
at
home待在家里,stay
out待在户外,stay
with
sb.与某人暂住,stay
up熬夜。
【试题链接】Don’t
too
late,or
you’ll
feel
tired
tomorrow.
A.wake
up
B.put
up
C.stay
up
D.look
up
(wake
up醒来,put
up搭起,stay
up熬夜,look
up仰望,查(字典)。句意:不要熬夜太晚,否则你明天会感到疲倦。答案:C)
14.A
family
of
mice
were
in
the
kitchen
on
Saturday
morning
when
they
saw
a
big
cat.星期六早上老鼠一家正在厨房里,这时他们看到一只大猫。
【重点注释】①此处when用作并列连词,连接两个并列句,引导并列分句,意为“这时……突然……,就在那时”,
强调另一个动作的突然发生。常用于以下句型中:(1)主语
+
be
doing…
when…意思是“正在做某事这时……”;(2)主语
+
be
about
to
do…when…;
(3)主语+be
on
the
point
of
(doing)
…when…意思是“正要去做某事这时……”。例句:We
were
doing
our
homework
when
the
light
went
out.(我们正在做家庭作业,就在那时灯熄灭了。One
day
Chuck
was
on
a
flight
across
the
Pacific
Ocean
when
suddenly
his
plane
crashed.
有一天,Chuck正在太平洋上飞行,这时他的飞机突然爆炸了。I
don’t
know
when
he
will
arrive.
我不晓得他什么时候到达。I
thought
of
the
happy
days
when
I
was
in
Beijing.
我想起了在北京时的那段快乐日子。I
was
walking
along
the
river
when
I
heard
a
drowning
boy
cry
for
help.
我正在河边行走,这时我突然听到一个落水男孩求救。I
was
about
to
leave
when
it
began
to
rain.
我刚要离开,这时下雨了。I
had
just
finished
my
exam
paper
when
the
bell
rang.我刚做完作业,下课铃响了。I
was
walking
along
the
street
when
I
caught
sight
of
a
tailor’s
shop.
我正在街上走,这时我看见一家裁缝店。We
were
about
to
leave
when
he
came
in.我们正要离开,这时他突然来了。
【拓展记忆】when还可作从属连词,引导时间状语从句(在句中起时间状语作用的句子称为时间状语从句),意思是“当……的时候”。例如:I
could
swim
when
I
was
six
years
old.在6岁时我就会游泳。It
was
raining
when
we
arrived.(我们到达时,天正下着雨。)When
he
saw
her,he
waved.当他看见她时,他摆了摆手。When
I
was
fishing,it
began
to
rain.=I
was
fishing
when
it
began
to
rain.当我在钓鱼的时候,天开始下雨了。
【辨析记忆】when作从属连词和并列连词的主要区别:(1)从意思来区分,当when作从属连词时,一般解释为“当……时”;而作并列连词时,多用于一种突发情况,此时第一个分句一般是背景,第二个分句则是突然,意想不到的情况,或者是过早发生的事情。(2)从时态来区分,作并列连词时,when后面的分句一般是非延续性动词的一般过去时,前面的分句,根据具体的情况,可能是过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时。从属连词when
引导的时间状语从句中可以根据句意的需要用一般现在时、一般过去时、过去进行时,分别说明现在、过去、甚至将来的行为。
②family为集合名词(也叫集体名词)。当它指家庭成员时,单数形式表示有许多成员,就像people一样,谓语动词用复数形式(即:后面的动词是复数概念,系动词be
用
are,
其它动词不变为第三人称单数),意思是“……一家人”。例如:The
family
often
go
abroad
during
summer.这家人常常去国外避暑。His
family
are
waiting
for
him.他的家人正在等他。(family为家庭成员)。但是,当它指整体概念(即:将这个家庭作为一个整体)时,谓语动词用单数形式,意思是“……家庭”。例如:My
family
was
very
poor.我家很穷。This
family
is
the
poorest
one
in
the
whole
village.这个家庭是整个村子里最穷的一家。This
family
is
taken
as
an
evil
one.这个家庭被视为邪恶之家。(family为一个整体)【辨析比较】The
Green
family
are
watching
TV
now.格林一家现在正在看电视。The
Green
family
is
a
big
family.格林家是个大家庭。
③mice是mouse的复数形式,意为“老鼠”,是不规则的名词复数变化,a
family
of
mice一窝老鼠。例如:There
is
a
mouse
in
the
house.房屋里有一只小老鼠。Five
mice,six
mice,seven
mice,more
mice.五只老鼠,六只老鼠,七只老鼠,更多老鼠。There
were
three
mice
in
the
kitchen.厨房里有三只老鼠。
15.Father
mouse
shouted
at
the
cat,“Woof,woof!”
The
cat
quickly
ran
away.老鼠爸爸冲着猫大声吼叫“汪汪,汪汪!”猫迅速地跑开了。
【重点注释】①shout动词,意为“呼叫;喊叫”。shout
at
sb.意为“冲/对某人大声叫嚷;大声吼某人”(带有恶意或不礼貌的喊叫),多指因生气或愤怒冲某人大声吼叫或嚷嚷。shout
to
sb.意为“呼喊(喊叫)某人”(普通的喊叫)。例如:“Help!”he
shouted.“救命!”他呼喊。He
shouted
for
help.他大声喊救命。Don’t
shout
at
the
children,please.请别冲着孩子们大声嚷嚷。“Sit?down?here!
”she?shouted?to?John.“坐这儿!”她向约翰大声喊叫。
【辨析记忆】shout
at与shout
to的区别和用法:请看下面两个句子:(1)
He
shouted
at
me
to
get
out
of
his
way.(2)
He
shouted
to
me
to
come
over
to
help.要正确理解这两句子,关键是要理解shout
at与shout
to的意思和区别。shout
at
sb与shout
to
sb
的区别可大致描述为:前者多指因为生气等而非善意地对某人吼叫,后者多指因距离远而不得不大声叫喊(否则对方无法听见),不带生气等感情因素。所以上面第(1)句的意思是:他对我怒喊不要挡他的路。第(2)句的意思是:他大声叫我过去帮忙。【注意】类似用法比较(尤其注意其中at与to的区别):The
dog
came
at
the
boy.
狗向小男孩扑来。(意即咬人)
The
dog
came
to
the
boy.
狗向小男孩走过来。(无咬人之意)
All
of
them
ran
at
me.
他们都向我扑来。(意即攻击我)
All
of
them
ran
to
me.
他们都向我跑过来。(无攻击之意)
He
threw
the
ball
at
me.
他把球向我砸来。(意欲打我)
He
threw
the
ball
to
me.
他把球抛给我。(无打人之意)
He
shouted
at
his
wife.
他对他妻子吼叫。(
意在训人)
He
shouted
to
his
wife.
他朝他妻子大声喊叫。(无训人之意)
②woof[wu:f]
n.是一个象声词,表示狗的叫声。moo
[mu:]n.牛叫声。mew[mju:]n.
猫(通常指小猫)或海鸟的叫声。
③away副词,意为“离开;远离”,run
away跑开/跑掉/逃跑,go
away走开/离开,be
away
from
sw.=leave
sw.离开某地,be
far
away
from
sw.离某地很遥远。例如:The
little
girl
is
so
shy
that
she
runs
away
when
I
want
to
talk
to
her.
这个小女孩太害羞了,我刚想和她说话,她就跑开(掉)了。Go
away!I
don’t
want
to
see
you
again.走开!我再也不想看到你了。
【辨析记忆】be
away
from是leave
的延续性动词,leave
是瞬间动词(短暂性动词)。用在表示延续性时间“for
+一段时间”中,要把leave
变成be
away,离开某地就代表不在某地了。leave
sw.要表示离开某地多久就要变be
away
from
sw
+for
+一段时间。例如:She
has
been
away
from
Beijing
for
2
years.她离开北京两年了。=
She
left
Beijing
2
years
ago.她两年前离开的北京。
【比较记忆】My
home
is
far
from
my
school.
我家离学校远。My
home
is
far
away
from
my
school.
我家离学校很遥远。My
home
is
5
miles
away
from
my
school.
我家离学校有5英里远。
16.…that’s
why
it’s
important
to
leave
a
second
language…
……那就是学好一门外语很重要的原因……
【重点注释】①That’s
why…意为“那就是为什么……;那就是……的原因”,why引导表语从句。例如:That’s
why
he
didn’t
come.那就是他没有来的原因。
②a
second
language意为“一门外语”。例如:English
is
a
useful
language.It
is
often
used
as
a
second
language.英语是一门有用的语言。它经常被用作第二语言。