(共66张PPT)
Unit
15 Learning
-2-
1.suspect
v.怀疑;不信任;觉得 n.可疑分子,犯罪嫌疑人 adj.可疑的;靠不住的
[教材原句]I
suspect
that
they
laid
me
off
because
the
company
was
not
doing
that
well
but
it
still
brought
a
lump
to
my
throat
and
made
me
want
to
cry.(P36)我怀疑他们裁掉我是因为公司经营得不是很好,但这仍然使我喉头哽咽,让我想哭。
-3-
语境巧练
单句填空
①She
suspected
that
one
of
her
three
daughters
—
then
ten,eight,and
six
—
had
picked
it
up,but
the
girls
said
they
hadn’t.(2017·浙江卷,语法填空)
②What
made
you
suspect
her
of
having
picked
your
pocket?
③The
young
man’s
hesitant
answer
to
those
questions
made
the
police
suspicious
(suspect).
完成句子
④It’s
suspected
that
the
young
man
was
telling
a
lie.?
人们怀疑那个年轻人在撒谎。
-4-
考点必记
①suspect
(that)+从句
怀疑……
suspect
sb
of
(doing)
sth怀疑某人(做)某事
be
suspected
of
doing
sth被怀疑做某事
②suspicious
adj.可疑的,怀疑的,疑惧的
be
suspicious
about/of
sth/sb怀疑某事/某人
it
is/was
suspected
that...有人怀疑……
suspiciously
adv.怀疑地,可疑地
写作佳句
All
of
us
suspected
that
it
was
our
monitor
who
had
spent
his
weekends
decorating
our
classroom.
我们大家都怀疑是班长利用周末时间布置了教室。
-5-
2.instruct
v.指导,教导;指示,命令
[教材原句]I
got
my
grandson
to
instruct
me
on
how
to
email
and
use
the
Internet
and
I
really
enjoy
the
speed
at
which
my
messages
get
sent
and
answered.(P36)我让我的孙子教我怎样收发电子邮件和使用互联网。我真的很喜欢信息的传送和回复速度。
-6-
语境巧练
单句填空
①Not
feeling
well,the
president
instructed
his
secretary
to
cancel
(cancel)
all
the
arrangements.?
用instruct的恰当形式填空
②As
an
instructor,Mrs.Wang
always
has
special
ways
of
making
her
instruction(s)
get
across
to
her
students.Having
chances,she
tries
to
give
them
instructive
contents.Even,she
educates
them
something
practical
such
as
teaching
them
to
understand
instructions
of
products.Look!The
students
are
now
filling
out
a
form
as
instructed.
完成句子
③Our
headteacher
instructs
that
no
mobile
phone
should
be
taken
into
the
classroom.?
班主任说明不能把手机带进教室。
-7-
考点必记
①as
instructed按照指示
instruct
sb
in
sth指导/教导某人某事
instruct
sb
to
do
sth指示某人做某事
instruct
sb
that
sb
(should)
do
sth命令某人做某事
②instruction
n.用法指南;指示
instructor
n.教师,讲师
instructive
adj.增长知识的;富有教育意义的
follow
the
instructions按照说明操作
ignore/carry
out
sb’s
instructions
忽视/执行某人的命令
under
instructions按指令
-8-
写作佳句
Everything
done
in
the
lab
was
under
instructions,so
nothing
unexpected
happened.在实验室所做的一切都是按指令进行的,所以没有什么出乎意料的事发生。
-9-
3.bury
v.埋葬
[教材原句]So
many
people
think
that
after
you
retire,all
you
can
do
is
switch
off
your
brain
and
bury
everything
you’ve
ever
learnt.(P36)所以很多人认为退休后你能做的就是关闭大脑,埋葬所学过的任何东西。
-10-
语境巧练
单句填空
①After
failing
the
exam,Jim
buried
himself
(he)
in
his
study.
②Hearing
the
sad
news,Lucy
buried
her
face
in
her
hands,tears
running
down.
③Buried
(bury)
in
studying
his
new
machine,Professor
Cheng
sometimes
even
forgets
to
have
his
meals.
完成句子
④The
girl
played
the
music,buried
in
thought.?
那女孩播放了那支曲子,陷入沉思。
-11-
考点必记
bury
oneself
in
(doing)
sth埋头(做)某事
bury
one’s
face
in
one’s
hands双手掩面
be
buried
in
(doing)
sth专心(做)某事
be
buried
in
thought深思,沉思
写作佳句
Facing
the
sea,he
looked
at
the
rising
sun,his
hands
buried
in
his
pockets.面朝大海,他双手放在口袋里,看着冉冉升起的太阳。
-12-
4.distinguish
vi.&
vt.辨别;区别;显示……的差别;使……有所不同
[教材原句]If
the
room
hadn’t
been
dark,he
would
have
distinguished
the
two
pictures.(P37)如果不是房间很暗,他就区分开那两张照片了。
-13-
语境巧练
单句填空
①As
far
as
I
know,she
has
already
distinguished
herself
(she)
as
an
athlete.
②Daniel
Anderson,a
famous
psychologist,believes
it’s
important
to
distinguish
television’s
influences
on
children
from
those
of
the
family.
③No
one
will
ever
know
what
mix
of
talent,ambition,energy
and
luck
made
Dickens
such
a
distinguished
(distinguish)
writer.(2018·江苏卷,阅读理解A篇)
完成句子
④The
old
man
could
still
distinguish
between
illusion
and
reality.?
那位老人还能分清幻觉和现实。
-14-
考点必记
①distinguish
between...and...区别/辨别……和……
distinguish...from...使……有别于……
distinguish
oneself
(as...)(作为……)使出众;使著名
be
distinguished
for
sth以……而著称
②distinguished
adj.有尊严的,高贵的;卓越的;杰出的
写作佳句
The
Chinese
nation
is
distinguished
for
its
diligence
and
courage.
中华民族以勤劳和勇敢著称。
-15-
5.alternative
adj.非传统的;另类的;可供替代的 n.可供选择的事物
[教材原句]Jack
had
a
“traditional”
education
and
Nicholas
had
an
“alternative”
one.(P38)杰克接受了“传统”教育,尼古拉斯接受了“非传统”教育。
-16-
语境巧练
单句填空
①With
these
data
in
mind,art
students
need
not
worry
about
their
career
and
have
an
alternative
plan.(2018·江苏卷,任务型阅读)
②The
disappearance
of
dinosaurs
is
not
necessarily
caused
by
astronomical
incidents.But
alternative
(alternative)
explanations
are
hard
to
find.(2017·江苏卷,单项填空)
完成句子
③The
way
was
blocked,so
we
went
by
an
alternative
road.?
那条路被堵住了,所以我们走了另一条路。
-17-
考点必记
an
alternative
use/way/route/road可供选择的用途/方法/路线/路
the
only
alternative唯一的选择
have
no
alternative
but
to
do
sth除做某事外别无选择
an
alternative
method
of
(doing)
sth做某事的其他方法
写作佳句
With
both
my
parents
going
to
London
on
business,I
had
no
alternative
but
to
cook
dinner
myself.我父母都去伦敦出差,我除了自己做晚餐别无选择。
-18-
6.reputation
n.名誉,名声
[教材原句]Due
to
the
limited
number
of
places
and
our
excellent
reputation,students
should
apply
early.(P38)由于名额有限,我们声誉卓著,学生应及早申请。
语境巧练
单句填空
①They
have
a
reputation
for
providing
a
great
riding
experience.
完成句子
②Although
he
is
known
to
only
a
few
people
here
his
reputation
abroad
is
very
great.?
虽然这里只有几个人知道他,但他在国外的名气却很大。
-19-
考点必记
have
a
reputation
of有……名声
have
a
good/bad
reputation
for因……而有好/坏名声
写作佳句
Our
school
has
a
good
reputation
for
helping
each
student
developing
properly.我们学校因帮助每位学生都能恰当地发展而有好的声誉。
-20-
7.lack
v.&
n.缺乏,没有,不足
[教材原句]I
know
that
I
wasn’t
a
willing
student
and
I
shouldn’t
have
been
so
difficult
at
school,but
it
was
probably
because
I
lacked
confidence
in
myself.(P40)我知道自己不是个乐于助人的人,本来不该这么叛逆,但那也许是因为我太缺乏自信了。
-21-
语境巧练
单句填空
①This
is
what
motivation
or
the
lack
of
it
can
do.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷,七选五)
②Lacking
(lack)
a
mirror
image
in
the
mother
who
raised
me,I
had
to
seek
my
identity
as
a
woman
on
my
own.
完成句子
③What
is
lacking
today
is
the
conflict
between
adolescents’
desire
for
autonomy
and
their
understanding
of
an
unsafe
world.?
今天所缺少的是青少年对自主性的渴望和他们对不安全的世界的理解之间的冲突。(2016·北京卷,阅读理解D篇)
-22-
考点必记
①lack
something缺少某物
lack
for
nothing应有尽有
a
(complete/distinct)
lack
of...(完全/明显)缺乏……
for/through
lack
of...因为缺少……
no
lack
of不缺少
②lacking
adj.短缺的,缺乏的
be
lacking
in...缺少……
写作佳句
To
be
punctual
one
has
to
have
self-discipline,and
the
lack
of
it
affects
others.
一个人要守时就得要自律,缺乏自律会影响他人。
-23-
8.access
n.通道;方法;(使用或见到的)机会,权利
[教材原句]The
thing
about
being
a
teacher
is
that
you
have
access
to
children’s
minds
when
they
are
open
and
eager
to
learn.(P40)作为老师,你可以在孩子们心灵顿开,渴望学习时进入他们的思想。
语境巧练
单句填空
①Kids
shouldn’t
have
access
to
violent
films
because
they
might
imitate
the
things
they
see.(2018·江苏卷,单项填空)
②Although
the
earth
contains
extremely
large
mineral
deposits,some
of
these
are
not
easily
accessible
(access).
完成句子
③People
have
better
access
to
health
care
than
they
used
to,and
they’re
living
longer
as
a
result.(2017·北京卷,单项填空)?
人们比以前拥有更好的医疗保健机会,因此寿命更长。
-24-
考点必记
①have
access
to拥有……的机会或权利
the
only
access
to到……唯一途径
get/gain
access
to得到……的机会或权利
②accessible
adj.易受影响的;易接近的,可进入的;易理解的
accessibly
adv.可到达地;可接近地;可使用地;可进入地
be
accessible
to容易进入……,容易接近……
写作佳句
These
artists
have
made
some
attempt
to
make
opera
accessible
to
a
wider
public.这些艺术家们尝试着让歌剧走近更广大的民众。
-25-
9.worthwhile
adj.值得努力的,值得花时间的
[教材原句]And
if
what
I
do
as
a
teacher
can
help
turn
a
child
like
Graham
into
such
a
successful
adult,then
I
know
what
I’m
doing
is
worthwhile.(P40)如果我作为老师所做的工作能够帮助将一个像格雷厄姆这样的孩子变成如此成功的一个成年人,那么我知道我所做的一切都是值得的。
-26-
语境巧练
单句填空
①Before
putting
it
into
action,it
is
worthwhile
to
consider
some
details
more
attentively
.
②But
it’s
worth
remembering
(remember)
that
the
banking
system
that
we
now
all
live
with
is
just
that:
A
modern
invention.(2018·上海卷,阅读理解A篇)
用worthwhile,worth或worthy填空
③Sometimes
we
decide
that
a
little
unnecessary
danger
is
worth
it...(2016·北京卷,七选五)
④We
all
felt
we
had
done
something
worthwhile
for
the
local
community.
⑤Their
achievements
are
worthy
of
the
highest
praise.
-27-
考点必记
be
worthwhile值得
be
worthwhile
to
do/doing值得做
词义精析
①worthwhile“值得的”,指花时间(金钱、努力等)去做某事是值得的,常用于It
is
worthwhile
doing/to
do
sth句型中,但不能说:sth
is
worthwhile
doing。可做表语、定语或补足语。
②worth“值……”,后接表示价值的数词;“值得”,后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式(不能接动词不定式),常用于be
worth
of句型中,表示“很值得”时前面加well修饰。只可做表语。
③worthy“值得的”,常用结构为:worthy
of
being
done和worthy
to
be
done。可做表语或定语。
-28-
写作佳句
Sometimes,but
not
often,something
worthwhile
has
been
produced
unexpectedly
by
accident.但有时候,并非经常,一些有价值的成就的取得纯属偶然。
-29-
10.ignore
vt.忽视,不顾
[教材原句]The
church
and
many
people
tended
to
ignore
the
facts
and
were
unwilling
to
challenge
what
they
had
always
comfortably
believed.(P42)
教会和许多人经常忽视事实,不愿意去挑战他们一直坚信的一切。
-30-
语境巧练
单句填空
①Write
another
email
as
swiftly
as
you
can
and
send
it
with
a
brief
title
explaining
that
this
is
the
correct
version
and
the
previous
version
should
be
ignored
(ignore).(2017·天津卷,阅读理解A篇)?
②Sometimes
ignorance
(ignore)
and
negative
(消极的)
outlooks
on
situations
can
create
anger.(2018·北京卷,七选五)
③Those
children
swimming
in
the
river
were
completely
ignorant
of/about
the
hidden
danger.
完成句子
④The
manager
had
completely
ignored
other
staff’s
remarks,preferring
his
own
theory.?
经理完全不理会其他员工的言论,而是偏爱自己的理论。
-31-
考点必记
①ignore
one’s
advice/warning
不理会某人的建议/警告
ignore
one’s
remarks/protests
不理睬某人的话/抗议
②ignorance
n.无知,不知
ignorant
adj.无知识的;不知道的;粗野的
show
ignorance
of/about
sth表明对……的无知
be
ignorant
of/about对……无知
写作佳句
Many
parents
are
ignorant
of
what
their
kids
really
expect
to
get.许多父母对孩子真正期盼得到什么一无所知。
-32-
11.urge
v.催促,力劝;强烈要求 n.强烈的欲望,冲动
[教材原句]At
first,people
approved
of
his
studies
and
urged
him
to
continue...(P42)刚开始,人们赞同他的研究,并催促他继续……
-33-
语境巧练
单句填空
①In
this
situation,new
generation
operation
support
system
standards
are
urgently
(urge)
required.
②We
at
the
NYFC
need
broad
support
as
we
urge
Congress
to
increase
(increase)
farmland
conservation.(2018·江苏卷,阅读理解C篇)?
③Those
volunteers
working
for
the
organisation
feel
an
urge
to
learn
the
skills
in
first
aid.
完成句子
④Thomas’s
mother
urged
him/
to
learn
into
learning/urged
that
he
learn
something
about
AI.?
托马斯的妈妈催促他了解一些人工智能的知识。
-34-
考点必记
①urge
sb
to
do
sth/urge
sb
into
doing
sth
强烈要求某人做某事
urge
sth
on/upon
sb对某人强调某事
have
an
urge
to
do
sth有做某事的强烈愿望
urge
that...(从句用should
do,should可以省略)催促某人(应该)做某事
②urgent
adj.紧急的,紧迫的
urgently
adv.紧急地,紧迫地
urgency
n.紧急的事
写作佳句
In
this
hospital
an
AI
can
help
when
an
elderly
patient
needs
urgent
care.在这家医院,一位老年病人急需帮助时,人工智能可以提供帮助。
-35-
12.inspire
v.启发,鼓舞
[教材原句]But
even
though
Aristotle
was
a
great
man
who
inspired
many
great
scientists
and
philosophers
after
him,he
was
wrong
at
times.(P43)但是即使是亚里士多德这样一位鼓舞了他之后的许多科学家和哲学家的伟大人物,有时也会出错。
-36-
语境巧练
单句填空
①If
a
poet
has
no
rich
life
experience,he
can’t
write
inspiring
(inspire)
poems.
②Experts
tend
to
inspire
many
young
people
to
take
(take)
up
the
sport.?
③Du
Fuguo,a
really
national
hero,is
an
inspiration
to
all
of
us,inspiring
(inspire)
us
to
study
hard.
完成句子
④The
speaker
attempted
to
inspire
the
audience
with
his
own
experience.?
那位演讲者试图用自己的经历来激励听众。
-37-
考点必记
①inspire
sb
to
do
sth激励某人做某事
inspire
sb
with
sth=inspire
sth
in
sb激励/鼓舞某人
②inspiration
n.灵感,好主意,鼓舞人的人或事
inspiring
adj.鼓舞人心的
inspired
adj.品质优秀的,能力卓越的
an
inspiration
to/for
sb鼓舞或激励某人的人或事
写作佳句
Our
goal
is
to
gain
a
better
understanding
of
what
is
needed
in
a
career
and
inspire
others
to
go
after
their
passions.
我们的目标是更好地理解在职业中所需要的东西,并激发其他人去寻找他们的激情。
-38-
13.adapt
vt.(使)适应;改编 vi.适应,适合
[教材原句]For
a
start,it
would
be
hard
adapting
to
a
new
culture.(P44)首先,难以适应一种新的文化。
-39-
语境巧练
单句填空
①...while
some
online
courses
of
spoken
Chinese
can
be
helpful
for
you
to
adapt
to
the
Chinese
language
environment.(2018·北京卷,书面表达)
②When
it
comes
to
adaptation
(adapt),it
is
important
to
understand
that
climate
change
is
a
process.(2017·江苏卷,阅读理解D篇)
③Serious
readers
will
both
get
excited
over
what
happens
in
some
news
stories
and
adapt
themselves
(they)
to
the
reality.
完成句子
④It’s
more
than
significant
that
we
adapt
what
we
have
learnt
to
practice.?
我们将学到的知识运用到实践中,意义重大。
-40-
考点必记
①adapt...to...使……适应……
adapt
oneself
to适应……
be
well
adapted
to特别适应……
adapt...from...由……改编
②adaptable
adj.能适应的,适应性强的
adaptation
n.改编(本);适应
写作佳句
The
world
has
been
changing
and
we
will
have
to
make
preparations
to
adapt
to
the
change
at
any
time.
世界一直在变,我们必须准备好任何时候都能适应变化。
-41-
14.lay
off
裁员;解雇;停止;别再打扰
[教材原句]Three
months
ago,when
my
manager
told
me
that
I
would
be
laid
off,my
mind
went
blank
and
my
heart
swelled
with
anger.(P36)
三个月前,当经理告诉我我下岗了时,我的脑海一片空白,怒火满腔。
-42-
语境巧练
单句填空
①She
hopes
to
inspire
the
Jamaicans
to
lay
down
their
weapons.
②I
got
so
angry
with
him
for
laying
(lay)
down
the
law.
③They
were
laid
off
because
of
the
lack
of
new
orders.
完成句子
④The
instant
Dad
returned
home,he
laid
out
what
he
bought
for
his
son
on
the
table.?
爸爸一到家就把他给儿子买的东西摆放在桌子上。
-43-
考点必记
①lay
out展开,布置,花费 lay
up搁置不用
lay
down放下;规定,制定
lay
aside把……放在一边
②lie→lied→lied
撒谎
lie→lay→lain
躺,位于
lay→laid→laid
放置,产卵
写作佳句
It’s
wise
to
lay
aside
some
of
your
money
for
future
use.存储一些钱供将来使用是明智的。
-44-
15.tend
to
往往会;倾向于
[教材原句]The
church
and
many
people
tended
to
ignore
the
facts
and
were
unwilling
to
challenge
what
they
had
always
comfortably
believed.(P42)
教会和许多人经常忽视事实,不愿意去挑战他们一直坚信的一切。
-45-
语境巧练
单句填空
①Readers
also
tended
to
share
(share)
articles
that
were
exciting
or
funny,or
that
inspired
negative
feelings
like
anger
or
anxiety,but
not
articles
that
left
them
merely
sad.(2016·全国Ⅲ卷,阅读理解D篇)?
②Some
think
that
a
woman’s
body
cells
have
a
tendency
(tend)
to
age
more
slowly
than
a
man’s.
完成句子
③People
tend
to
be
blind
to
the
beauty
around
them.(2018·天津卷,阅读理解B篇)?
人们往往会对他们周围的美视而不见。
-46-
考点必记
①tend
to/towards倾向于
tend
to
sb照顾某人;照料某人
②have
a
tendency
to
do
sth有做某事的倾向
have
a
tendency
for有……的倾向
there
is
a
tendency
for
sb
to
do
sth某人有做某事的倾向
写作佳句
There
is
a
growing
tendency
for
people
to
work
at
home
instead
of
in
offices
in
the
future.未来人们在家里而不是在办公室里工作的趋势日益增长。
-47-
16.approve
of
赞成,赞许;批准
[教材原句]At
first,people
approved
of
his
studies
and
urged
him
to
continue...(P42)刚开始,人们赞同他的研究,并催促他继续……
语境巧练
单句填空
①It
found
many
youngsters
(少年)
now
measure
their
status
by
how
much
public
approval
(approve)
they
get
online,often
through
“likes”.(2018·江苏卷,阅读理解D篇)
②Though
not
everyone
approved
of
the
new
dance,saying
it
was
a
little
too
shocking,the
dance
did
find
enough
supporters
to
make
it
popular.
完成句子
③Surveys
show
that
75
%
of
people
approve
of/are
for
the
new
law.?
调查显示75%的人赞成新法规。
-48-
考点必记
approval
n.同意,赞成,认可
approvingly
adv.赞成地,同意地
with/without
approval
of
经/未经……的批准
meet
with
one’s
approval
得到某人的同意
名师点津
表示赞成及反对的方式还有:
be
for赞成,支持
be
in
favour
of同意,赞成
be
against反对
object
to反对
-49-
17.as
if引导表语从句。
[教材原句]I
felt
as
if
I
had
done
something
wrong!(P36)我感觉好像自己犯了错!
语境巧练
单句填空
①The
girl
felt
as
if
she
herself
would
become
(become)
a
fairy.?
②The
kids
were
very
friendly
with
her
and
even
looked
up
to
her
as
if
she
were
(be)
their
own
mother.(2016·上海卷,语法与词汇)
完成句子
③The
teacher
talked
with
us
as
if
he
had
known
about
that.?
老师和我们谈话就好像他已经知道了那件事。
-50-
考点必记
①sb
feels
as
if...表示“某人感觉到好像……”,as
if引导表语从句。
②在as
if引导的从句中,应根据情况确定是否应用虚拟语气。如果和事实相符用真实语气,如果和事实不符则应用虚拟语气。
写作佳句
The
disabled
man
climbed
the
mountain
as
if
he
were
a
normal
person.那位残疾人登山就好像他是一个正常的人。
-51-
18.“get+过去分词”表示被动
[教材原句]I
got
my
grandson
to
instruct
me
on
how
to
email
and
use
the
Internet
and
I
really
enjoy
the
speed
at
which
my
messages
get
sent
and
answered.(P36)我让孙子教我怎样收发电子邮件和使用互联网。我真的喜欢信息传送和回复的速度。
-52-
语境巧练
单句填空
①Pahlsson
and
her
husband
now
think
the
ring
probably
got
swept
(sweep)
into
a
pile
of
kitchen
rubbish
and
was
spread
over
the
garden...(2017·浙江卷,语法填空)
②Though
willing
to
get
started
(start),we
cannot
seem
to
do
the
job
right.(2016·天津卷,阅读理解D篇)
完成句子
③The
young
man
got
charged
because
he
broke
into
the
old
man’s
house.?
那个年轻人受到指控,因为他闯入了那位老人的家。
-53-
考点必记
句中get
sent
and
answered意为“(信息)传送和回复”,“get+过去分词”在句中表示被动,译作“被……,变得……,成……状态”。
写作佳句
Bruce
found
a
job
for
which
he
got
paid
by
the
hour,which
he
thought
was
very
proper
for
him.布鲁斯得到了一份按小时付酬的工作,他认为对他很合适。
-54-
19.since引导时间状语(从句)的句型
[教材原句]I
haven’t
seen
Mr
Jenkins
since
I
left
school
but
I
often
think
about
him.(P40)我毕业以来一直没见过詹金斯先生,但我经常想起他。
-55-
语境巧练
单句填空
①This
method
provided
a
readout
for
how
home
energy
use
has
evolved
(evolve)
since
the
early
1990s.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解D篇)?
②Since
1958,they
have
been
recognized
(recognize)
as
the
national
theatre
of
Israel.(2017·全国Ⅱ卷,阅读理解A篇)
③It
is
two
weeks
since
you
came
to
our
school
and
you
are
going
to
return
to
England
soon.(2016·天津卷,书面表达)
完成句子
④Villagers
haven’t
been
worried
about
being
short
of
water
since
the
reservoir
was
built.?
自从修了那个水库以来,村民们就不再担心缺水了。
-56-
考点必记
①句中I
haven’t
seen...since...是一个含有since的句型,表示“自从……以来我没见过……”。
②since用以引导时间状语从句,表示“自从……以来”,主句应用现在完成时态,since从句用一般过去时态。
③类似地,句型“It
is/has
been+一段时间+since...”表示“自从……有多长时间了”。
写作佳句
Since
he
attended
the
Chinese
professor’s
lectures,Bill
has
become
more
and
more
positive.自从他参加了中国教授的课程以来,比尔变得越来越积极。
-57-
20.should
have
done本该做而未做
[教材原句]The
government
should
have
put
more
money
towards
science
education.(P40)政府本应该给自然科学的教育多拨些款。
-58-
语境巧练
完成句子
①Sure,I
could
have
asked
her,but
something
prevented
me
from
doing
so.?
当然,我本来是能问问她的,但某件事却阻止我而没能这么做。(2017·天津卷,阅读理解B篇)
②The
lights
suddenly
went
off.The
bulb
must
have
burnt
out.?
灯突然熄灭了,灯泡一定是烧坏了。
(2018·上海卷,听力)
③You
needn’t
have
stayed
in
the
hotel.I
could
put
you
up.?
你本不必住宾馆,我可以为你提供住宿。
④—It’s
now
so
slippery
that
you
can’t
ride
back
home.
—So
it
is!I
shouldn’t
have
ridden
my
bike
here.?
——现在很滑,你无法骑车回家了。
——是很滑,我本不该骑车来这儿的。
-59-
考点必记
should
have
done表示“本该做而未做”。
名师点津
许多情态动词和have
done搭配表示特定的意义:
①could
have
done“可能已做了;本来能做”。
②might
have
done“可能已做了;本来可以做”。
③must
have
done“一定已做了”。
④need
have
done“本需要做而未做”。
⑤couldn’t
have
done“不可能已做了”。
⑥shouldn’t
have
done“本不该做而做了”。
⑦needn’t
have
done“本不必做而做了”。
-60-
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.This
task
interdependence
distinguishes
baseball
from
football
and
basketball.(2019·北京卷,七选五)
2.She
refused
to
live
with
male
cranes,and
even
had
a
reputation
for
killing
some
of
them,which
made
it
impossible
for
her
to
become
a
mother.(2019·江苏卷,完形填空)
3.Depending
on
which
role
you
choose,you
could
help
to
increase
a
community’s
access
to
safe
drinking
water,or
help
to
protect
valuable
local
cultures.(2019·北京卷,阅读理解A篇)
4.For
Western
designers,China
and
its
rich
culture
have
long
been
an
inspiration
(inspire)
for
Western
creative.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷,阅读理解B篇)
-61-
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
5.We’ve
gone
to
the
opposite
extreme
of
a
few
decades
ago
when
parents
tended
to
be
(be)
more
strict.(2019·浙江卷,概要写作)?
6.It’s
strange
that
he
should
have
taken
the
books
without
the
owner’s
permission.(2018·江苏卷,单项填空)
7.What’s
more,when
you
are
enjoying
the
meal,you
need
to
avoid
making
(make)
noises
while
chewing
food.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷,书面表达)
8.Another
beneficial
aspect
of
group
exercise
is
the
informational
support
participants
receive
from
the
instructor
(instruct).
9.I
can’t
find
my
purse.I
could
have
left
(leave)
it
in
the
supermarket
yesterday,but
I’m
not
sure.(2018·天津卷,单项填空)?
10.I
reflect
on
how
my
day’s
gone
and
think
about
the
rest
of
the
week.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷,阅读理解C篇)
-62-
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.You
must
keep
these
points
in
mind
while
set
your
goals.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷,七选五)set→setting
2.If
you
are
in
need
of
a
deadline
extension,simple
explain
the
situation
to
the
professor.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷,七选五)simple→simply
3.The
event
celebrates
its
22nd
anniversary
with
a
great
show
of
the
very
best
of
gardening,make
it
one
of
the
most
popular
events
in
gardening.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷,阅读理解A篇)make→making
4.The
project
was
predicted
on
the
assume
that
the
economy
was
expanding.
assume→assumption
5.Parents
ought
to
be
able
to
opt
out
only
for
limited
medical
or
religion
reasons.(2017·北京卷,阅读理解C篇)religion→religious
-63-
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
6.Life
is
a
process
about
the
acquire
of
knowledge,wealth
and
happiness.
acquire→acquisition
7.Sometimes
we
get
laid
down
from
a
job
because
of
a
bad
economy.
down→off
8.Marian
Bechtel
sits
at
West
Palm
Beach’s
Bar
Louie
counter
by
her,quietly
reading
her
e-book
as
she
waits
for
her
salad.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷,阅读理解C篇)by后的her→herself
9.There
was
a
time
that
people
may
have
felt
awkward
about
asking
for
a
table
for
one,but
those
days
are
over.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷,阅读理解C篇)that→when
10.I
stopped
the
ball
and
kick
it
hard
back
to
the
playground.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷,短文改错)kick→kicked
-64-
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅲ.话题微写作
写作内容提示
1.我过去常常埋头苦练句型和记忆生词,而没有取得进步。(used
to)
2.为了不落后于他们,我意识到是我改变学习方法的时候了。(in
order
not
to)
3.另外,当我可以上网时,我开始在线听英语歌曲,看英语电影,这对我的听力很有好处。(have
access
to)
4.如果我不改变方法,我就做不到。(make
it)
-65-
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
连句成文(参考上述提示,通过合理想象整合成一篇短文)
How
did
I
learn
my
English
so
well?Here
is
my
story.
Frankly
speaking,I
used
to
bury
myself
in
doing
drills
and
memorizing
new
words
without
making
any
progress.To
a
certain
extent,I
was
hopeless.In
order
not
to
fall
behind,I
realised
it
was
time
I
improved
my
ways
to
learn
it.
First,I
began
to
try
to
speak
English.I
was
unwilling
to
do
so
before
because
I
lacked
confidence.Aside
from
that,as
I
could
have
access
to
the
Internet,I
began
to
listen
to
English
songs
and
watch
English
movies
online,which
was
very
beneficial
to
my
listening.I
also
made
some
friends
with
whom
I
could
exchange
emails
in
English.
If
I
hadn’t
changed
my
approach,I
wouldn’t
have
made
it.As
-66-
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
If
I
hadn’t
changed
my
approach,I
wouldn’t
have
made
it.As
the
saying
goes,“There
is
no
royal
road
to
learning.”I
think
all
my
hard
work
is
worthwhile.限时规范练29
Unit
15
Learning
A
核心素养关键词:培养学生人与社会、热爱体育锻炼的思维意识
一、阅读理解
A
American
runner
Meb
Keflezighi
thought
that
he
had
retired.But
he
had
one
more
task.At
the
age
of
42,he
ran
the
2018
Boston
Marathon
to
raise
money
for
the
Martin
Richard
Foundation
(MRF).The
organization,created
by
Martin’s
parents,honors
the
memory
of
the
eight-year-old
boy
who
was
killed
in
the
terrorist
attack
at
the
2013
Boston
Marathon.
Born
in
Eritrea,a
country
in
the
Horn
of
Africa,Keflezighi
has
had
to
deal
with
many
difficulties
from
the
time
he
was
growing
up.“No
running
water,no
electricity,”
he
said.“You
had
to
go
two
or
three
miles
to
get
wood
so
that
you
could
have
fire
to
cook.”
For
Keflezighi,running
has
always
been
a
way
of
life.“It’s
what
I
love
to
do,and
it’s
who
I
am,”
he
said.Keflezighi
won
the
2014
Boston
Marathon
and
the
2009
New
York
City
Marathon,and
got
a
silver
medal
at
the
2004
Summer
Games
in
Athens,Greece.
Keflezighi
retired
from
competition
after
the
2016
New
York
City
Marathon.But
he
decided
to
run
one
last
race.“I’m
happy
with
my
achievements,”
he
said.“Now,I’ll
help
others
reach
their
goals.”
On
the
morning
of
April
16,Keflezighi
set
out
from
the
starting
line
with
more
than
27,000
other
marathoners.They
raced
through
Boston’s
hilly
streets,heavy
winds
and
cold
rain.Those
were
“the
most
difficult
conditions
I’ve
ever
run
in,”
Keflezighi
said
after
the
race.
Keflezighi
finished
in
3
hours
and
13
seconds,nearly
an
hour
slower
than
his
winning
time
at
the
2014
Boston
Marathon.But
this
year,Keflezighi
was
running
not
for
the
prize,but
for
a
cause.“Marathon
Meb”,as
he
is
called,is
still
spurring
on
others.He
said.“We
all
have
difficult
situations,but
as
long
as
we
can
overcome
those,there’s
the
finish
line
waiting
for
us.”?
【篇章导读】本文是记叙文。马拉松名将MebKeflezighi在宣布退役之后又一次参加马拉松比赛,但这次他的参赛目的不是夺取冠军,而是为一个组织筹集资金。
1.WhydidKeflezighirunanotherraceafterhehaddecidedtoretire?
A.Toraisemoneyforanorganization.
B.ToexpressthankfulnesstoMartin’sparents.
C.Totryrunninginthemostdifficultconditions.
D.Toencouragepeopletofacedifficultiesbravely.
答案A
解析细节理解题。由第一段中的“AmericanrunnerMebKeflezighi...ranthe2018BostonMarathontoraisemoneyfortheMartinRichardFoundation(MRF).”可知,他再次参加比赛是为一个组织筹集资金。
2.How
was
Meb
Keflezighi’s
life
like
as
a
child?
A.Hard.
B.Lonely.
C.Exciting.
D.Peaceful.
答案A
解析推理判断题。由第二段中的“Keflezighihashadtodealwithmanydifficultiesfromthetimehewasgrowingup...gotwoorthreemilestogetwoodsothatyoucouldhavefiretocook.”可推断,Keflezighi幼年时的生活非常艰苦。
3.What
does
the
underlined
phrase
“spurring
on”
in
the
last
paragraph
mean?
A.Helping.
B.Training.
C.Questioning.
D.Encouraging.
答案D
解析词义猜测题。画线单词的意思可以通过Keflezighi接下来所说的话体现出来。他告诉人们:我们都会身处困境,但只要我们能够克服困难,就能到达终点。他的话是在鼓励人们要勇敢面对并克服困难。
B
You
may
not
know
the
name
Charles
O’Rear,but
if
you’ve
used
a
computer
in
the
past
ten
years,you’re
familiar
with
his
photo.
O’Rear
is
the
man
behind
the
picture
of
a
green
hill
and
bright
blue
sky
that
served
as
the
background
for
Microsoft’s
Windows
XP
operating
system.
In
the
1990s,because
of
the
spread
of
a
pest,endless
rows
of
grapevines
in
Napa
Valley
disappeared.Instead,the
ground
was
covered
with
thickly-growing
grass.
It
was
this
picture
of
Sonoma
County
that
passed
by
Charles
O’Rear’s
car
window
as
he
drove
down
Highway
121
in
1998.Although
he
was
a
photographer,O’Rear
wasn’t
doing
his
job
that
Friday
afternoon.Instead,he
was
headed
to
visit
his
then-girlfriend
(now-wife)
near
San
Francisco.
But
he
still
had
one
eye
on
the
green
hills.And
then,he
saw
it.“Wow!”
he
thought.“The
grass
is
perfect!
It’s
green!
The
sun
is
out;there
are
some
clouds.”
So
he
stopped
his
car,pulled
out
his
camera,and
took
a
few
photos.Those
perfect
greens
and
pure
blues
were
totally
unedited
when
O’Rear
posted
them
on
Corbis,a
site
created
by
Bill
Gates.A
few
years
later,O’Rear
got
a
call
from
Microsoft
asking
to
use
his
photo
of
Sonoma
County
as
the
background
for
its
newest
operating
system.
The
company
never
told
O’Rear
exactly
why
they
chose
his
photograph.“Were
they
looking
for
a
picture
that
was
peaceful?”
he
wondered.But
artists
Goldin
and
Senneby,who
spent
months
researching
the
photograph,said
that
Microsoft
“wanted
a
picture
with
‘more
grounding’
than
the
pictures
of
skies
they
had
used
in
Windows
95.”
O’Rear
agreed
to
sell
Microsoft
all
the
rights
to
his
photograph.But
Microsoft
had
valued
the
photo
so
highly
that
none
of
the
shipping
companies
could
cover
the
insurance.In
the
end,O’Rear
boarded
a
plane
to
deliver
the
photo
himself.
Microsoft
named
it
“Bliss”,and,since
Windows
XP
met
the
public
in
2001,it’s
been
seen
by
at
least
a
billion
people.
【篇章导读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了微软公司WindowsXP操作系统所使用的经典桌面背景图片背后的故事。
4.O’Reartook“Bliss” .?
A.onabusinesstriptoSanFrancisco
B.onatriptovisithisthen-girlfriend
C.whenhewasonholidaywithhiswife
D.whenhewaslookingforbeautifulhills
答案B
解析细节理解题。由第四段中的“hewasheadedtovisithisthen-girlfriend(now-wife)nearSanFrancisco.”以及第六段中的“Sohestoppedhiscar,pulledouthiscamera,andtookafewphotos.”可知,他在去找当时的女友的途中,被窗外的美景吸引,于是停车拍下了一些照片,“Bliss”就是其中之一。
5.According
to
Goldin
and
Senneby,why
did
Microsoft
choose
O’Rear’s
photo?
A.The
picture
was
peaceful.
B.The
picture
was
of
high
value.
C.There
was
more
grounding
in
this
picture.
D.The
green
grass
fit
perfectly
with
the
blue
sky.
答案C
解析细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的“ButartistsGoldinandSenneby...‘moregrounding’thanthepicturesofskiestheyhadusedinWindows95.”可知,Goldin和Senneby认为微软公司想要寻找一张地面部分相比先前使用的天空图多的图片,因此选择了O’Rear的照片。
6.How
was
the
photo
sent
to
Microsoft?
A.O’Rear
carried
it
all
the
way
there.
B.It
was
sent
by
an
insurance
company.
C.It
was
delivered
by
a
shipping
company.
D.Microsoft
sent
a
plane
to
get
it
from
O’Rear’s
home.
答案A
解析细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“O’Rearboardedaplanetodeliverthephotohimself”可知,O’Rear乘坐飞机亲自将照片送到了微软公司。
7.What
can
we
learn
about
“Bliss”
from
the
text?
A.It
has
been
used
for
about
30
years.
B.It
was
edited
before
being
sent
to
Microsoft.
C.The
green
ground
in
it
used
to
be
covered
with
grapevines.
D.More
and
more
people
choose
it
as
their
desktop
backgrounds.
答案C
解析细节理解题。由第三段可知,20世纪90年代时,Napa山谷曾经遍布葡萄藤,但因为遭受虫灾,葡萄藤消失,取而代之的是茂密的草场。
二、七选五
From
the
time
my
kids
were
little
I
was
determined
to
teach
them
the
value
of
a
dollar. 1 If
they
didn’t
do
their
chores,they
didn’t
get
their
allowance
(零花钱).And
if
they
didn’t
have
money,they
couldn’t
buy
anything.It’s
kind
of
like
real
life.?
There
was
only
one
problem
—
me. 2 And
then,when
they
occasionally
would
want
to
buy
something
that
they
couldn’t
quite
afford,I
would
sometimes
let
them
borrow
from
the
next
week’s
allowance.But
then
I’d
forget
how
much
they’d
borrowed
and
we’d
end
up
arguing
about
just
how
much
I
owed
them. 3 ?
Obviously
I’m
not
alone
—
both
in
wanting
to
teach
my
kids
financial
responsibility
and
in
needing
help. 4 Gregg
Murset,a
financial
planner
who
has
six
kids
of
his
own,created
MyjobChart
—
a
website
that
helps
you
keep
track
of
the
jobs
your
kids
are
doing
and
determine
how
much
they’re
owed.?
5
My
22-year-old
daughter
recently
explained
how
her
emergency
fund,built
up
by
saving
financial
gifts
and
working
during
school,allowed
her
to
live
independently
while
continuing
her
education.?
So
perhaps
the
thing
to
remember
is
that
kids
learn
about
handling
money
from
their
parents.Save,spend
responsibly
and
try
to
explain
why
and
they
might
just
end
up
getting
the
message.
A.In
short,I
was
an
unsuccessful
banker.
B.It
is
helpful
in
teaching
my
kids
about
money.
C.I’d
forget
to
check
whether
they’d
completed
their
chores.
D.So
I
set
up
the
reward
system
and
record
their
required
chores.
E.The
kids
can
sign
in
and
record
when
they’ve
completed
their
work.
F.So
I
gave
them
chores
and
an
allowance
when
they
were
relatively
young.
G.Now
some
parents
working
on
technologies
have
come
up
with
ways
to
solve
this
problem.
答案与解析
【篇章导读】本文是记叙文。作者从孩子们小时候就开始帮他们树立正确的金钱观念和习惯,但起初因没有严密的记录系统而受阻,后来得益于MyjobChart这个网站,孩子们逐渐建立起自己独立、良好的金钱观。
1.F F项中的chores和allowance与设空处下文中的“Iftheydidn’tdotheirchores,theydidn’tgettheirallowance”相呼应。
2.C 根据设空处上文中的problem和下文中的forget可知,作者忘记检查孩子们是否完成了家务,C项符合语境。
3.A 设空处处于段落末尾,通常为总结性的陈述。A项“Inshort,Iwasanunsuccessfulbanker”是对自己的总结,符合此处的结构和语义。
4.G 根据设空处上文中的“I’mnotalone”以及下文中的“GreggMurset,afinancialplannerwhohassixkidsofhisown,createdMyjobChart”可知,作者的困难也是大多数家长遇到的问题,为了解决该问题,一位金融策划人士为自己的六个孩子开发了一个记录家务详情的网站。故G项符合此处语境。
5.B 根据设空处下文中“allowedhertoliveindependentlywhilecontinuinghereducation”可知,这个网站对孩子们很有益处,故B项符合此处语境。
三、语法填空
Climate
scientists
from
the
University
of
Sydney
in
Australia
say
tourism
causes
over
8%
of
greenhouse
gases.Their
study
looked
at
the
carbon
footprints
of
many
1.
(vary)
areas
of
tourism.Up
to
now,it
2.
(study)
the
CO2
emissions
from
transport,events,hotels,restaurants
3.
shopping.The
researchers
spent
18
months
carrying
out
the
research.They
researched
the
tourist
4.
(activity)
of
189
countries.Researcher
Dr
Arunima
Malik
said
her
team
analysed
the
influence
5.
the
environment
of
over
one
million
businesses
6.
(involve)
in
tourism.
The
researchers
said
domestic
travel
was
a
7.
(big)
cause
of
CO2
emissions
than
international
or
business
travel.Air
travel
was
the
largest
part
of
tourism’s
footprints.The
researchers
said
flying
would
continue
to
increase
global
emissions
as
more
people
in
the
world
become
richer.The
countries
8.
(cause)
the
most
harm
are
the
biggest
and
richest
nations.The
USA,India
and
Germany
have
the
largest
tourism
carbon
footprints,in
9.
carbon
emissions
will
continue
to
increase
as
more
of
their
citizens
travel.The
researchers
encouraged
holiday-makers
and
travelers
10.
(try)
to
reduce
their
carbon
footprints
when
on
vacation
so
their
travel
causes
less
harm
to
the
planet.?
答案与解析
1.various/varied 考查形容词做定语的用法。设空处做定语修饰areas,意为“不同的”,故填various/varied。
2.has
studied 考查时态。由前面的Uptonow可知,应用现在完成时,故填hasstudied。
3.and 考查连词。设空处在此表示“和”,故填and。
4.activities 考查名词复数。activity是可数名词且在此表泛指,故填名词复数形式activities。
5.on/upon 考查介词。influence常与on/upon连用,表示“对……的影响”。
6.involved 考查过去分词做定语的用法。businesses后跟定语,又因为involve与businesses之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,且involve所表示的动作已完成,故填involved。
7.bigger 考查形容词比较级。由后面的than可知,应用形容词比较级,故填bigger。
8.causing 考查动词-ing形式做定语的用法。countries后跟定语,又因为countries与cause之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,故填causing。
9.which 考查关系代词。设空处与前面的in一起引导非限制性定语从句,补充说明TheUSA,IndiaandGermany,且做in的宾语,故填which。
10.to
try 考查不定式做补语的用法。encouragesb.todosth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”。
1限时规范练30
Unit
15
Learning
B
核心素养关键词:培养学生人与社会、关注饮食健康的素养能力意识
一、阅读理解
A
Many
people
believe
eating
healthily
is
expensive
—
and
more
costly
than
buying
junk
foods.But
our
new
research,published
in
the
BMCPublicHealth,shows
this
isn’t
the
truth.
Most
of
the
Australian
family
food
budget
is
being
spent
on
junk
foods
and
drinks
that
are
high
in
fat,sugar
and
salt.
Less
than
7%
of
Australians
eat
healthily.The
Australian
adults
get
at
least
35%
of
their
energy
from
junk
foods
and
drinks.As
a
result,two-thirds
of
adults
(63%)
and
one-quarter
of
children
are
overweight.
We
used
the
Australian
Health
Survey
2011-2013
and
the
suggestions
of
the
Australian
Dietary
Guidelines
to
model
healthy
diets
for
a
family
of
two
adults
and
two
children
every
two
weeks.We
collected
food
prices
in
supermarkets
and
stores
in
high-
and
low-socioeconomic
(社会经济地位低的)
areas
in
Brisbane,and
compared
the
diet
prices
with
family
incomes.
In
both
areas,a
family
of
two
adults
and
two
children
spend
about
18%
more
on
present
diets
than
would
be
required
to
buy
healthy
diets.About
58%
of
the
food
budget
for
present
diets
is
spent
on
junk
foods,including
takeaway
foods
(14%),and
sugary
drinks
(4%).
In
the
low-socioeconomic
area,a
family
of
two
adults
and
two
children
spend
$640.20
every
two
weeks
on
their
present
diets,but
could
buy
a
healthy
diet
for
$560.93
every
two
weeks.In
the
high-socioeconomic
area,these
numbers
are
$661.92
and
$580.01.
Supermarket
food
prices
were
about
3%
higher
in
the
high-socioeconomic
location.Takeaway
foods
were
also
relatively
more
expensive,but
sugary
drinks
were
priced
similarly
in
both
areas.
Present
diets
cost
more
than
healthy
diets,so
causes
other
than
price
must
be
helping
to
drive
preferences
for
unhealthy
choices.
【篇章导读】本文是说明文。一项研究表明:健康饮食比垃圾食品的花费要更加便宜。
1.Whatdidtheresearchersfind?
A.Australianshaveapreferenceforsweetfoods.
B.MostAustraliankidshavefatproblems.
C.HalfAustraliansliveonjunkfoods.
D.MostAustralianseatunhealthily.
答案D
解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Lessthan7%ofAustralianseathealthily.”可知,大多数澳洲人饮食不健康。
2.How
did
the
researchers
get
the
result?
A.By
making
a
comparison.
B.By
doing
the
study
online.
C.By
carrying
out
interviews.
D.By
asking
personal
questions.
答案A
解析细节理解题。根据第四段可知,研究者们通过使用来自AustralianHealthSurvey的调查数据,然后搜集各超市的食品价格,最后再和家庭收入进行对比,得出研究结论。
3.What
can
we
learn
from
Paragraph
5?
A.Australian
foods
are
healthier.
B.A
healthy
diet
is
actually
cheaper.
C.Health
foods
are
becoming
more
expensive.
D.People
choose
junk
foods
for
their
low
prices.
答案B
解析细节理解题。根据第五段中的“afamilyoftwoadultsandtwochildrenspendabout18%moreonpresentdietsthanwouldberequiredtobuyhealthydiets”可知,研究结果表明,垃圾食品的花费已经超过健康食品,健康食品其实更便宜。
4.What
might
a
following
paragraph
be
about?
A.The
harm
of
junk
foods.
B.How
we
can
eat
healthily.
C.Why
people
choose
junk
foods.
D.The
advantages
of
a
healthy
diet.
答案C
解析推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,作者认为,目前人们在垃圾食品上的消费已经超过了健康食品,这说明人们选择垃圾食品不是因为价格,而是因为别的。由此判断接下来文章最有可能讨论人们选择垃圾食品的原因。
B
New
Zealand
has
a
pest
problem.The
country
has
a
plan
to
solve
it.The
country’s
leaders
want
to
kill
rats
and
other
predatory
mammals
(肉食性哺乳动物)
by
2050.
In
New
Zealand,rats
are
an
invasive
species.Long
ago,rats
came
to
the
country
on
boats,with
humans,in
the
13th
century.When
they
were
introduced
to
the
island’s
environment,the
rats
ate—and,scientists
believe,finally
killed
off—several
bird
species.
Humans
also
brought
other
mammals,like
stoats
and
possums.Stoats—which
are
similar
to
weasels—were
introduced
to
eat
another
invasive
mammal
population:rabbits.Instead,the
stoats
fed
on
native
species.Possums
were
brought
to
New
Zealand
for
their
fur.But
their
population
also
grew
quickly
out
of
control.Possums
feed
on
the
eggs
and
young
of
native
birds.They
also
cause
damage
to
forests.
One
of
the
reasons
invasive
mammal
populations
grew
so
quickly
is
that
New
Zealand
is
home
to
almost
no
native
mammals.Most
of
its
native
species
are
birds.Many
of
these
birds,including
the
kiwi,cannot
fly.That
is
a
big
problem
for
the
birds.They
cannot
fly
to
safety.As
a
result,several
of
New
Zealand’s
birds
are
close
to
dying
out.
Killing
predatory
mammals
is
not
new
for
New
Zealand.The
country
has
killed
off
rats
on
some
of
its
smaller
islands.In
those
places,bird
species
that
were
in
danger
of
dying
out
have
begun
to
flourish.
New
Zealand
hopes
to
improve
upon
the
methods
used
in
those
small
areas.The
government
plans
to
spend
more
than
$20
million
on
the
project.The
money
will
pay
for
research,technology,and
tools
to
kill
off
the
animals.
It
is
a
big
goal.But
scientists
say
it
can
be
met.“I
really
do
think
it’s
possible,”
says
James
Russell,a
scientist
at
the
University
of
Auckland
in
New
Zealand.“It
will
require
people
working
in
every
corner
of
the
country.”
【篇章导读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了新西兰为保护当地鸟类而采取的消除有害动物的措施。
5.WhatisthepurposeofNewZealand’splan?
A.Tosavenativebirds.
B.Todrivemammalsaway.
C.Todoresearchonpests.
D.Tocontrolrabbitpopulation.
答案A
解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Thecountry’sleaderswanttokillratsandotherpredatorymammalsby2050.”及第四段中的“Asaresult,severalofNewZealand’sbirdsareclosetodyingout.”可知,新西兰政府的这项计划旨在消灭境内的有害动物,保护当地的原生鸟类。
6.Why
were
possums
introduced
to
New
Zealand?
A.To
kill
rabbits.
B.To
make
money.
C.To
protect
forests.
D.To
catch
weasels.
答案B
解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“PossumswerebroughttoNewZealandfortheirfur.”可知,新西兰引进负鼠是为了从其毛皮上获取经济利益。
7.What
does
the
underlined
word
“flourish”
in
Paragraph
5
mean?
A.Increase.
B.Appear.
C.Change.
D.Drop.
答案A
解析词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“Thecountryhaskilledoff...havebegunto...”可知,新西兰的一些小岛已经消灭了所有老鼠,在那些地方,本来几乎灭绝的鸟类数量又开始增长起来。
8.What
is
Russell’s
attitude
towards
this
plan?
A.He
is
against
it.
B.He
is
confident
of
it.
C.He
has
doubts
about
it.
D.He
shows
no
interest
in
it.
答案B
解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Ireallydothinkit’spossible”可知,Russell对政府的这项计划充满信心。
二、完形填空
This
is
a
real
story
about
an
old
man
in
China.Sixty-three-year-old
Zhuang
Guorong
is
a
1
rural
primary
school
art
teacher,who
has
had
a
life
of
2
for
more
than
40
years.?
Every
year,the
strong,younger-than-his-actual-age
pensioner
goes
to
“the
farmers’
home”
of
Chenyang
Community
to
paint
or 3
other
villagers
how
to
4 .?
“The
farmers’
home”,a
public
building, 5
the
venue
(聚集地点)
for
a
branch
of
the
Sheyang
Farmers
Painting
Institute.?
The
institute
is
a
government
6
cultural
organization
in
Sheyang
County,in
the
north
of
Jiangsu
Province,east
China.?
Zhuang
works
at
the
7
part
time,and
each
year
he
8
up
to
ten
paintings,which
are
then
9
by
the
local
government.?
He 10
around
5,000
yuan—
that’s
about
740
US
dollars
—
a
year
by
doing
this
11 .?
As
well
as
earning
himself
some
money,Zhuang
says
the
job
gives
him
an
opportunity
to 12
his
views
of
life
to
his
fellow
countrymen, 13
the
elderly.?
“This
painting
is
about
a
nursing
home.We
now
live
in
a(n) 14
society.We
can
no
longer
15 the
traditional
way
of
taking
care
of
our
elderly
just
with
our
children
doing
it. 16 ,professional
nursing
homes
are
17
for
elderly
people’s
welfare.?
“In
this
painting,I
described
a
18
of
young
people
celebrating
the
birthday
of
a
senior
citizen.The
19
I
want
to
convey
is
that
life
in
one’s
later
years
can
still
be
happy.And
all
of
my
paintings
are
like
this
one
—
based
on
our
20
lives.”?
【篇章导读】本文是记叙文。63岁的老人退休后在政府资助的“农民之家”教村民作画,他的画作内容反映了中国老龄化社会的养老场景,传达了老人也可以快乐生活的思想。
1.A.smart
B.famous
C.strict
D.retired
答案D
解析由上文中的“Sixty-three-year-old”和下文中的pensioner可知,庄国荣是一位“退休的(retired)”小学美术老师。
2.A.painting
B.writing
C.farming
D.designing
答案A
解析由上文中的artteacher以及下文的描述可知,庄国荣的“绘画(painting)”生涯超过40年。
3.A.ask
B.teach
C.examine
D.answer
答案B
解析由文中的描述可知,庄国荣去陈洋社区的“农民之家”作画或“教(teach)”其他村民如何“画画(draw)”。
4.A.exercise
B.communicate
C.learn
D.draw
答案D
解析见上题解析。
5.A.belongs
to
B.looks
like
C.serves
as
D.stands
for
答案C
解析由上下文的描述可知,“农民之家”“充当(servesas)”射阳农民绘画机构的一个分支点。
6.A.decorated
B.supported
C.controlled
D.reported
答案B
解析该机构是由政府“支持(supported)”的文化组织。
7.A.school
B.office
C.village
D.institute
答案D
解析由上文中的“SheyangFarmersPaintingInstitute”和“Theinstituteisagovernment...culturalorganization”可知,庄国荣在该“机构(institute)”兼职。
8.A.creates
B.collects
C.copies
D.exhibits
答案A
解析由该空后的tenpaintings可知,他每年“创作(creates)”的画作多达十幅。
9.A.published
B.put
up
C.bought
D.handed
in
答案C
解析由下文中的5,000yuan可知,这些画作被当地政府“购买(bought)”了。
10.A.charges
B.makes
C.spends
D.donates
答案B
解析由文中的“5,000yuan”,“about740USdollars”以及下文中的“earninghimselfsomemoney”可知,他做这份“工作(work)”每年能“挣(makes)”大概五千元。
11.A.test
B.talking
C.work
D.research
答案C
解析见上题解析。
12.A.give
B.offer
C.send
D.express
答案D
解析由文中的“hisviewsoflifetohisfellowcountrymen”可知,不仅能挣钱,这份工作还给了庄国荣一次机会向他的老乡们“表达(express)”他对生活的看法,“尤其是(especially)”告诉老人们该如何生活。
13.A.especially
B.similarly
C.equally
D.generally
答案A
解析见上题解析。
14.A.free
B.open
C.ageing
D.technological
答案C
解析由下文中的“takingcareofourelderly”可知,我们生活在一个“老龄化的(ageing)”社会。
15.A.ask
for
B.rely
on
C.think
of
D.turn
down
答案B
解析我们不能只“依靠(relyon)”传统的方法来照顾老人,即只依靠孩子们来赡养老人。
16.A.However
B.Instead
C.Besides
D.Therefore
答案D
解析上下文之间表示因果关系,故用“因此(Therefore)”。
17.A.important
B.practical
C.difficult
D.unusual
答案A
解析由文中的描述可知,专业的养老院对于改善老人的福利是“很重要的(important)”。
18.A.dream
B.story
C.scene
D.photo
答案C
解析由下文中的“youngpeoplecelebratingthebirthdayofaseniorcitizen”可知,这是庄国荣描绘的一幅“场景(scene)”。
19.A.example
B.message
C.experience
D.topic
答案B
解析由下文中的“wanttoconveyisthatlifeinone’slateryearscanstillbehappy”可知,庄国荣想要传递的“信息(message)”是“老年生活依然可以是快乐的”。
20.A.real
B.different
C.normal
D.sad
答案A
解析由文中的描述可知,庄国荣的画作都是基于“真实的(real)”生活而创作的。
三、短文改错
I
took
a
short
flight
the
other
day
and
offered
an
in-flight
sandwich,which
I
took,known
I
wouldn’t
eat
it
because
it
contained
meat.I
took
it
thinking
that
late
that
day
I
might
come
across
a
homeless
person,for
who
this
sandwich
might
be
his
only
meal.Then
I
do
find
a
homeless
man
with
his
dog
Bella
by
a
chance.After
opening
the
sandwich,he
shared
half
with
Bella.Seeing
he
ate
it
hungry,I
emptied
our
bag
of
all
the
treats
and
food
I
had.I
also
went
to
a
store
to
buying
him
a
large
cup
of
coffee.Kind
is
such
a
simple
thing
for
us
to
do,yet
for
the
receiver,it
can
be
life-changing.
答案
第一句:offered前加was;known→knowing
第二句:late→later;who→whom
第三句:do→did;去掉第二个a
第五句:hungry→hungrily;our→my
第六句:buying→buy
第七句:Kind→Kindness
1(共25张PPT)
Unit
15 Learning
-2-
必背表达单词——写作信手拈来
1.oxygen
n. 氧气,氧
2.ox
n.
牛;公牛
3.spelling
n.
拼写
4.correction
n.
改进,改正
5.simplify
vt.
简化
6.jar
n.
罐子,坛子
7.blank
adj.
空白的
8.swell
v.
膨胀;肿胀;被充满
9.suspect
v.
怀疑
10.throat
n.
咽喉;喉咙
11.status
n.
现状,社会地位
12.saying
n.
格言,谚语
-3-
13.user
n.
使用者
14.instruct
v.
指导,教导
15.aside
adv.
在一边,向一边
16.bury
vt.
埋葬
17.distinguish
vt.
区别;辨别
18.drill
n.
训练,练习
19.motto
n.
座右铭,格言
20.alternative
adj.
非传统的;另类的
21.punishment
n.
惩罚,处罚
22.reputation
n.
名声,名誉
23.slight
adj.
微小的,少量的
24.obey
vt.
服从,听从
-4-
25.mild
adj.
温和的
26.receiver
n.
接收者
27.pace
n.
速度;步速
28.outstanding
adj.
杰出的;优秀的
29.reflect
vt.
反映;反射
30.select
vt.
挑选
31.misunderstand
v.
误解
32.pour
vt.
灌,倒
33.lack
vt.
缺乏,没有
34.spit
vi.
吐痰;吐口水
35.drag
vt.
拖;拉
36.access
n.
(使用或见到的)机会,权利
-5-
37.worthwhile
adj.
值得努力的
38.spy
n.
间谍;特务
39.glue
n.
胶,胶水
40.onion
n.
洋葱
41.fellow
n.
同伴
42.acquire
vt.
获得;得到
43.thinking
n.
思考;考虑
44.rank
n.
职衔
45.worthy
adj.
值得的
46.ignore
vt.
忽视,不顾
47.unwilling
adj.
不情愿的
-6-
48.approve
v.
赞成;认可;满意
49.assumption
n.
假定;假设
50.urge
vt.
力劝;强烈要求
51.inspire
v.
鼓舞;启发
52.vital
adj.
极其重要的
53.beneficial
adj.
有益的,有用的
54.assume
vt.
假定;假设
55.adapt
vt.
(使)适应
56.appreciation
n.
欣赏
-7-
识记阅读单词——读文理解通畅
1.arrow
n.
箭
2.tick
vt.
打钩做记号
3.backwards
adv.
由后向前地
4.secure
adj.
无忧无虑的;
稳定的
5.chief
adj.
最高级别的
6.postage
n.
邮费
7.alphabet
n.
字母表
8.airmail
n.
航空邮政
9.conservative
adj.
保守的,旧式的
10.loose
adj.
(指言行等)不严谨的,放荡的
11.angle
n.
角
12.triangle
n.
三角形
-8-
13.atom
n.
原子
14.powder
n.
火药
15.flame
n.
火焰;火舌
16.acid
n.
酸
17.bureaucratic
adj.
官僚的
18.religion
n.
宗教
19.defence
n.
保卫,保护
20.shadow
n.
阴影;影子
21.conventional
adj.
传统的,保守的
22.kingdom
n.
王国
23.civilisation
n.
文明
24.biochemistry
n.
生物化学
25.choir
n.
合唱队,合唱团
-9-
『语用规律归纳』
1.以“-tive”结尾的形容词
(1)active
积极的
(2)alternative
非传统的;另类的
(3)conservative
保守的;旧式的
(4)positive
积极的;肯定的
(5)negative
消极的;否定的
(6)communicative
爱说话的;交流的
(7)talkative
健谈的
(8)sensitive
敏感的
(9)competitive
有竞争力的;竞争的
(10)selective
选择的;选择性的
-10-
(11)relative
相对的;相关的
(12)creative
创造性的
(13)attractive
有吸引力的
(14)effective
有效的
(15)native
本土的
(16)collective
集体的
-11-
2.不规则的名词单复数变化
(1)ox→oxen
牛;公牛
(2)cattle→cattle
牛
(3)sheep→sheep
绵羊
(4)deer→deer
鹿
(5)goose→geese
鹅
(6)mouse→mice
老鼠
(7)foot→feet
脚
(8)tooth→teeth
牙
(9)man→men
男子
(10)woman→women
女子
(11)Chinese→Chinese
中国人
(12)Japanese→Japanese
日本人
-12-
『构织连脉词族』
1.correct
adj.
正确的
v.
改正→correction
n.
改正→correctly
adv.
正确地
2.simplify
v.
简化→simplification
n.
简化
3.suspect
v.
怀疑
n.犯罪嫌疑人→suspectable
adj.
可疑的
4.instruct
v.
教导,指导→instructor
n.
教师,讲师→instruction
n.
教导,指导→instructive
adj.
有益的;教育性的→instructively
adv.
教育地;有益地
5.punish
vt.
惩罚→punishment
n.
惩罚
6.reflect
vt.
反射;反映→reflection
n.
反射;反映
7.select
vt.
挑选→selection
n.
挑选
8.access
n.
接近或者进入之路→accessible
adj.
易受影响的,易接近的,可进入的→accessibly
adv.
可接近地;可得到地;可亲近地;易受影响地
-13-
9.acquire
vt.
获得,得到→acquisition
n.
获得,得到
10.ignore
vt.
忽视,不顾→ignorance
n.
无知,不知→ignorant
adj.
无知识的,幼稚的,不知道的
11.inspire
vt.
鼓舞,鼓励→inspiration
n.
灵感;妙计,好办法;鼓舞人心的人或事
12.benefit
vt.
使受益
n.
益处→beneficial
adj.
受益的,有好处的
13.religion
n.
宗教→religious
adj.
宗教性的,宗教上的,虔诚的
14.willing
adj.
情愿的→unwilling
adj.
不情愿的→willingness
n.
情愿→unwillingness
n.
不情愿
15.adapt
vt.
使适应
→adaptation
n.
适应;改写本;改编→adaptive
adj.
适合的;
适应的
-14-
『语境活用』
1.Tu
Youyou,an
outstanding(杰出的)
medical
scientist,has
won
a
good
reputation
(名声)
by
making
great
breakthroughs.
2.Let’s
make
the
assumption(猜测)
that
the
postage(邮资)
for
an
airmail
letter
to
Canada
is
$20.
3.The
American
official
spent
a
lot
of
money
on
election(选举),which
was
not
worthwhile(值得的).
4.The
motto(格言)
“No
pains,no
gains.”
is
really
beneficial(有益的)
to
us
all.
5.When
I
asked
Jane
to
accompany
me
to
the
zoo,she
just
ignored(ignore),meaning
her
unwillingness(willing).
-15-
1.tend
to
往往会,倾向于
2.set
off
出发;使爆炸;引发
3.aside
from
除……之外
4.be
buried
in
忙于,埋头于
5.be
lacking
in
缺少
6.be
accustomed
to
doing
习惯做
7.lay
off
裁员,解雇
8.adapt
to
适应
9.approve
of
赞成,赞许
10.take
up
从事;进行;占据
-16-
『语境活用』
用上面的短语填空
1.After
discussion,the
Browns
approved
of
paying
a
visit
to
the
Great
Wall.
2.Many
people
tend
to
get
angry
when
criticised
by
others.
3.I
hear
you’re
taking
a
field
trip
tomorrow.When
are
you
setting
off?
4.Many
employees
got
laid
off
because
the
company
was
not
doing
very
well.
5.Boys
and
girls,never
let
playing
computer
games
take
up
too
much
of
your
spare
time.
-17-
『语用规律归纳』
1.“除……之外”的多种表达
(1)apart
from
(2)aside
from
(3)on
top
of
(4)in
addition
to
(5)besides...
(6)except...
(7)except
that
-18-
2.含off的短语知多少
(1)take
off
起飞;(事业)腾飞;脱下;匆匆离开
(2)drop
off
让某人下车;卸货;睡着
(3)put
off
推迟
(4)get
off
下车
(5)turn
off
关上;使不感兴趣
(6)set
off
使爆炸;引发;出发
(7)pay
off
得到回报;取得成功
(8)give
off
发出(气味、光等)
(9)see...off
为……送行
(10)show
off
炫耀
(11)call
off
取消
(12)break
off
停止;中断
(13)lay
off
裁员;解雇
-19-
『领悟教材语境』
1.I
felt
as
if
I
had
done
something
wrong!(Page
36)?
我感觉好像自己犯了错。
[考点提炼]as
if引导表语从句。
2.I
got
my
grandson
to
instruct
me
on
how
to
email
and
use
the
Internet
and
I
really
enjoy
the
speed
at
which
my
messages
get
sent
and
answered.(Page
36)
我让孙子教我怎样收发电子邮件和使用互联网。我真的喜欢信息传送和回复的速度。
[考点提炼]“get+过去分词”表示被动的结构。
3.Anyway,it’s
time
for
me
to
go
now.(Page
36)
不管怎么说,我现在该走了。
[考点提炼]It’s
time...句型。
-20-
4.I
haven’t
seen
Mr
Jenkins
since
I
left
school
but
I
often
think
about
him.(Page
40)
我毕业以来一直没见过詹金斯先生,但我经常想起他。
[考点提炼]“since+时间状语从句”的用法。
5.The
government
should
have
put
more
money
towards
science
education.(Page
40)
政府本应该给自然科学的教育多拨些款。
[考点提炼]should
have
done的用法。
-21-
『高考写作情景』
1.布鲁斯在我家吃喝,就好像在他自己家里一样。
Bruce
ate
and
drank
in
my
house
as
if
he
were
in
his
own
house.
2.那位官员因贪污而受到指控。
The
official
was
charged
because
of
corruption.
3.该是他们改变自己的时候了。
It’s
time
for
them
to
change
themselves.
4.她自从辍学以来一直在北京的一家餐馆工作。
She
has
worked
in
a
restaurant
in
Beijing
since
she
dropped
out
of
school.
5.今晚我们本该去看电影《攀登者》的。
We
should
have
seen
the
movie
The
Climbers
this
evening.
-22-
『主题与语法填空』
Sun
Wen
failed
his
college
entrance
exam,but
now
he’s
about
to
graduate
1.from
the
School
of
Continuing
Education
at
Qinghua
University
with
a
Bachelor’s
Degree
in
Computer
Engineering
and
because
of
2.his
new
qualification,he’s
getting
3.promoted(promote)
at
work.
Ms
Tang
4.was
laid(lay)off
three
months
ago.Her
mind
went
blank
and
her
heart
swelled
with
5.anger(angry).6.However,now
she
has
nearly
finished
7. a
business
course,learnt
so
many
new
skills
and
already
prepared
a
business
plan
for
setting
up
her
own
export
company.?
-23-
Grandpa
Chen
is
75
years
old.He
got
his
grandson
8.to
instruct
(instruct)him
on
how
to
email
and
use
the
Internet
just
because
postage
went
up.He
thinks
it’s
wrong
to
switch
off
your
brain
and
bury
9.everything
you
have
ever
learnt
after
10.retirement(retire).And
now
he
has
to
practise
the
alphabet.He
is
doing
an
English
course
on
the
Internet.
-24-
-25-
