(共49张PPT)
Unit
21 Human
Biology
-2-
1.abuse
vt.辱骂;滥用;虐待 n.滥用;虐待;辱骂,恶语
[教材原句]Taking
these
drugs
is
known
as
“doping”
and
although
they
enhance
performance,they
also
cause
serious
health
problems
in
later
life
for
those
who
abuse
them.(P34)尽管兴奋剂有助于提高成绩,但同时也会给那些滥用兴奋剂的运动员招来日后生活中的健康麻烦。
-3-
语境巧练
单句填空
①The
land
is
a
living
thing.It
will
hit
back
at
you
if
you
abuse
(abuse)
it.
②I
never
expected
that
he
would
abuse
(abuse)
the
trust
I
placed
in
him.?
完成句子
③Parents
also
should
set
an
example
to
their
children
by
not
abusing
-4-
考点必记
abuse
one’s
position
as...滥用……的职务
abuse
one’s
power滥用职权
abuse
one’s
trust背信弃义
drug
abuse/alcohol
abuse吸毒/酗酒
写作佳句
Those
who
abuse
drugs
are
likely
to
try
to
obtain
them
illegally.那些滥用毒品的人可能没法非法获得毒品。
-5-
2.tolerate
vt.容忍,忍受,宽恕;容许;能经受(困难)
[教材原句]The
sports
world
does
not
tolerate
doping
as
it
is
a
fundamental
form
of
cheating.(P34)由于它是影响力大的欺骗形式,体育界是不会容忍运动员服用兴奋剂的。
-6-
语境巧练
单句填空
①In
contemporary
culture,physical
expressions
of
anger
are
generally
considered
too
socially
harmful
to
be
tolerated
(tolerate).?
②...such
measures
will
become
more
a
vehicle
for
in
tolerance
(tolerant)
than
integration.(2017·浙江卷,阅读理解C篇)
③How
can
you
tolerate
his
shouting
(shout)
at
you?
完成句子
④I
regret
it
because
I
can’t
tolerate
my
landlady’s
increasing
the
rent
any
more.?
我后悔,因为我无法再容忍我女房东涨房租。
-7-
考点必记
①tolerate+n.容忍……
tolerate
doing...容忍/容许做……
tolerate
sb/sb’s
doing容忍某人做……
②toleration
n.忍受,宽容,容许
tolerable
adj.可容忍的,可忍受的;过得去的
(in)tolerant
adj.(不能)忍受的,(无法)容忍的
tolerance
n.容忍;忍受,宽容;耐力
intolerance
n.不能容忍
be
(in)tolerant
of/towards(不能)容忍……
写作佳句
Our
teachers
are
extremely
gentle
and
friendly
and
very
tolerant
of
us
children.
我们老师很温柔、很友善,对我们这些小孩很宽容。
-8-
3.seek
v.(sought,sought)寻求,请求;试图,设法;寻找,追求
[教材原句]Doping
is
not
only
a
problem
in
athletics,it
is
part
of
every
sport
where
athletes
seek
to
achieve
beyond
their
natural
limits
and
are
prepared
to
cheat
to
do
so.(P34)服用兴奋剂不仅仅是田径运动存在的问题,每个运动项目都存在这个问题,运动员想取得超常体育成绩而准备作弊。
-9-
语境巧练
单句填空
①They
heard
the
barking
of
the
lost
dog
and
sought
(seek)
it
out.
②Besides,businesses
seek
to
appeal
(appeal)
to
customers’
senses.?
③Your
lives
are
busy
enough
doing
homework,playing
sports,making
friends,seeking
after
your
dreams.(2016·四川卷,阅读理解B篇)
完成句子
④Those
young
people
left
the
village
to
seek
their
fortune
in
big
cities.?
这些年轻人离开了村子,去大城市寻找发迹的机会。
-10-
考点必记
①seek
help
from
sb向某人请求帮助
seek
for寻求,寻找
seek
out找出,挑出
seek
to
do
sth试图去做某事
seek
one’s
advice向某人征求意见
seek
one’s
fortune寻找出路,寻找发迹的机会
②seeker
n.搜索者;探求者
写作佳句
It’s
doubtful
whether
they
will
seek
help
from
their
relatives.他们是否会寻求亲属的帮助值得怀疑。
-11-
4.oppose
v.反对;反抗,抵制
[教材原句]Gene-therapy
is
very
controversial
and
many
people
oppose
further
research
into
it.(P34)基因治疗是很有争议的。许多人反对进一步研究。
-12-
语境巧练
单句填空
①I
would
certainly
oppose
changing
(change)
the
system.
②...be
patient
to
the
people
who
are
the
complete
opposite
(oppose)
of
that
description.(2016·浙江卷,六选五)
③Many
farmers
opposed
(oppose)
the
plan
because
they
feared
that
wolves
would
kill
their
farm
animals
or
pets.(2017·全国Ⅲ卷,阅读理解C篇)
完成句子
④My
mother
is
opposed
to
washing
these
clothes
with
a
washing
machine.?
妈妈反对用洗衣机洗这些衣服。
-13-
考点必记
①oppose
sth反对某事
oppose
doing
sth反对做某事
be
opposed
to(doing)
sth反对(做)某事
②opposed
adj.反对的;截然不同的
opposite
adv.相对地,相反地;对面地 adj.相对的,对面的 prep.在……对面 n.反义词,对立的事物
写作佳句
Dad
opposed
driving
our
own
car
to
visit
Hangzhou
as
he
thought
we
might
meet
with
traffic
jam
and
it
was
not
environmentally
friendly.爸爸反对我们开车去杭州,因为他认为我们可能会遇到交通阻塞,而且这也不环保。
-14-
5.contradict
vt.违反,违背;与(其他事物)相矛盾,相反;反驳,批驳
[教材原句]However,if
a
generation
of
sports
stars
with
enhanced
genes
were
created,it
would
contradict
the
whole
spirit
of
sport.(P34)然而,如果一代有强化基因的运动明星被造出,这将有悖于整个运动精神。
-15-
语境巧练
单句填空
①But
the
information
I
got
was
rich
and
varied,or
even
contradictory
(contradict).(2018·江苏卷,书面表达)
②The
speaker
had
got
confused,and
started
contradicting
himself
(he).
完成句子
③Your
statements
today
are
in
direct
contradiction
to
what
you
said
yesterday.?
你今天的陈述与你昨天所说的话恰恰相反。
-16-
考点必记
①contradict
oneself
自相矛盾
②contradiction
n.矛盾,不一致;反驳
contradictory
adj.对立的,不一致的;相互矛盾的
contradiction
between
...and...
在……和……之间不一致(矛盾,对立)
in
direct
contradiction
to与……恰恰相反
写作佳句
Young
children
should
never
contradict
what
their
parents
say.孩子们绝对不应顶撞父母。
-17-
6.postpone
vt.推迟,延期
语境巧练
单句填空
①The
postponement
(postpone)
of
“adult
activities”
could
not
be
attributed
to
more
homework
or
extracurricular
activities.(2018·上海卷,完形填空)
②They
decided
to
postpone
(postpone)
their
trip
until
next
week,owing
to
the
change
of
the
weather.?
③Let’s
postpone
making
(make)
a
decision
until
we
have
more
information.
-18-
考点必记
①postpone
sth
to/until...把某事延迟/推迟到……
postpone
doing
sth推迟做某事
②postponement
n.延期;延缓
名师点津
postpone和delay,put
off等意义相近,用法也相近,它们后面都应跟动词-ing形式。
-19-
7.prohibit
vt.禁止;阻止,使不可能
[教材原句]Since
the
SARS
epidemic
ended,scientists
have
been
doing
trials
on
treatments
to
prohibit
any
future
outbreaks.(P38)从“非典”疫潮结束后,科学家们就在做治疗实验以防止将来再次发生。
-20-
语境巧练
单句填空
①The
bags
are
prohibited
(prohibit)
in
some
90
cities
in
California,including
Los
Angeles.(2018·浙江卷,阅读理解B篇)?
②Please
note
that
any
prohibited
(prohibit)
items
will
be
taken
away
by
the
Office
of
Residence
Life.
③In
1897,the
state
of
Michigan
passed
a
law
prohibiting
(prohibit)
the
killing
of
passenger
pigeons...
完成句子
④Prohibit
their
children
from
visiting
(visit)
the
web.(2018·江苏卷,阅读理解D篇)?
禁止他们的孩子访问那个网站。
-21-
考点必记
①prohibit
sth禁止某事
prohibit
doing
sth禁止做某事
prohibit
sb
from
doing
sth禁止某人做某事
②prohibition
n.禁止;禁令
名师点津
表示“禁止某人做某事”结构还有:
①ban
sb
from
doing
sth
②forbid
sb
from
doing
sth
③forbid
sb
to
do
sth
写作佳句
Mr
Li
is
prohibited
from
travelling
by
air
or
by
train
because
he
hasn’t
paid
off
the
debt.李先生因为没有还清债务而不准乘飞机或乘火车出行。
-22-
8.rob
vt.抢夺,剥夺;使丧失;抢劫
[教材原句]Terri
had
fallen
into
a
coma
in
1990
when
a
heart
attack
robbed
her
brain
of
oxygen
causing
permanent
harm.(P40)特里在1990年因心脏病突发,大脑缺氧造成永久性伤害而陷入昏迷。
-23-
语境巧练
单句填空
①The
gang
threatened
to
shoot
him
and
robbed
him
of
all
his
possessions.
②Armed
robbers
(rob)
broke
into
the
shop
and
demanded
money
from
the
safe.
③Police
are
investigating
a
series
of
bank
robberies
(rob)
in
South
Wales.
用steal或pick的恰当形式填空
④He
could
have
stolen
the
money
and
paid
for
a
place
to
stay
in,but
he
didn’t
do
that.?
⑤While
shopping,Mrs
Smith
had
her
pocket
picked.
-24-
考点必记
①rob
sb/a
place抢劫某人/某处
rob
sb
of
sth抢劫某人某物;剥夺某人某物;使某人失去某物
②robbery
n.抢劫,掠夺
robber
n.抢劫者,强盗
词义精析
①rob指公然用暴力抢劫他人的所有物,常用rob
sb/sp
of
sth表示“抢劫某人/某处的某物”。
②steal意为“偷”,其宾语为偷的物品,常用steal
sth
from
sb/sp表示“从某人/某处偷某物”。
③pick用以指“扒窃”,宾语一般为pocket之类的词。
-25-
9.decline
v.下降;婉拒 n.下降;减少
[教材原句]...it
is
generally
agreed
that
a
patient’s
chances
of
recovery
decline
the
longer
they
stay
in
a
coma.(P40)……人们普遍同意一个病人处于昏迷状态的时间越长恢复的可能性就减小。
语境巧练
单句填空
①But
during
the
past
decade
declining
(decline)
rainfall
has
allowed
him
to
plant
highly
profitable
crops.(2017·江苏卷,阅读理解D篇)
②...encourage
them
to
politely
decline
to
do
(do)
things
that
they
believe
are
wrong.?
③Even
this
increase
could
sink
some
islands,worsen
drought
and
drive
a
decline
of
up
to
a
third
in
the
number
of
species.(2016·上海卷,阅读理解B篇)
-26-
考点必记
decline
to/by...下降到/了……
a
sharp
decline急剧下降
decline
to
do
sth婉拒做某事
in
decline(=on
the
decline)下降,衰退
decline
in/of
sth在某方面减少/下降
fall/go
into(a)decline开始衰落;陷入衰退
写作佳句
The
company
has
gone
into
a
decline
because
of
falling
demand.由于市场需求下降,这家公司的生意每况愈下。
-27-
10.submit
vt.递交;提交;顺从;屈服;认输
[教材原句]You
were
supposed
to
submit
it
on
the
14th
June.(P41)你本来应该在六月十四日提交的。
语境巧练
单句填空
①The
girl
didn’t
submit
to
having
(have)
her
freedom
limited.
②Tomorrow
is
the
last
date
for
submission
(submit)
of
entries
for
the
competition.
完成句子
③The
students
have
submitted
their
essays
to
their
tutors.
学生已经把论文递交给了导师。
-28-
考点必记
①submit
sth
(to
sb)把某物递交(给某人)
submit
to服从于,屈从于;把……提交给……,向……提出……
②submission
n.提交;投降;顺从
submissive
adj.服从的;屈从的;恭顺的
写作佳句
All
important
problems
must
be
submitted
to
the
committee
for
discussion.一切重要问题均须提交委员会讨论。
-29-
11.at
all
costs
不管多大代价,无论如何
[教材原句]The
Olympic
spirit—the
spirit
of
competition
which
emphasises
taking
part
rather
than
winning—has
been
violated
by
the
desire
to
succeed
at
all
costs.(P34)奥林匹克精神——强调参与而不是取胜的竞技精神——已经被为获得成功而不惜任何代价的愿望所亵渎。
-30-
语境巧练
单句填空
①Do
your
job
well,and
avoid
conflicts
at
all
costs.
完成句子
②We
are
growing
wonderful
tomatoes
at
no
cost!?
我们正在不花钱而种植绝好的西红柿!
③After
having
taught
fifth-grade
classes
for
four
years,I
decided
to
try
at
all
costs
to
rid
them
of
their
fear
and
dislike
of
books,and
to
get
them
to
read
oftener
and
more
adventurously.?
在教五年级四年后,我决定不惜一切代价尽量让他们摆脱对书的恐惧和厌恶,让他们更加经常更加爱冒险地去阅读。
-31-
考点必记
at
the
cost
of以……为代价;丧失,牺牲
at
a
cost
of以……的费用/价格
at
cost按成本 at
no
cost不花钱
at
any
cost=at
all
costs以任何代价
写作佳句
The
firefighter
who
saved
the
girl
from
the
fire
at
the
cost
of
his
own
life
was
really
a
hero.那位以自己生命为代价从大火中救出那个女孩的消防员是一名真正英雄。
-32-
12.wipe
out
彻底毁灭;全部摧毁
[教材原句]Epidemics
can
wipe
out
up
to
half
of
the
population
in
urban
areas.(P38)流行病可以消灭城市地区多达一半的人口。
语境巧练
单句填空
①“Honey,your
basket
is
extra-special,”
Mom
said,gently
wiping
away
my
hot
tears.(2016·浙江卷,阅读理解D篇)
②...an
ocean
level
rise
of
only
0.6
meters
will
send
these
guys
jumping
to
higher
ground
and
a
0.9-meter
rise
would
wipe
out
their
habitat
completely.
完成句子
③Much
still
remains
to
be
done
to
wipe
out
discrimination
.?
消除歧视仍然有大量工作要做。
-33-
考点必记
wipe
sth
from/off
sp把……从某处擦掉
wipe
sth
away擦净或擦掉某物
wipe
one’s
eyes擦干眼泪
wipe
sth
clean/dry把……擦干净/干
写作佳句
The
volleyball
girl
wiped
tears
away,stood
up
and
went
on
training,practicing
blocking.那位女排姑娘擦去泪水,站起来,继续训练,练习拦网。
-34-
13.It’s+
adj.+to
do
sth结构
[教材原句]Unfortunately,it
is
not
easy
to
catch
athletes
using
illegal
drugs.(P34)不幸的是,很难抓住使用禁药的运动员。
语境巧练
单句填空
①For
children
it
is
very,very
difficult
to
cope
(cope)
with
emotionally.(2018·江苏卷,阅读理解D篇)?
②...it’s
much
easier
to
excuse
(excuse)
yourself
to
get
back
to
your
work
than
if
you
try
to
get
someone
out
of
your
space
even
after
explaining
how
busy
you
are.(2017·全国Ⅱ卷,语法填空)?
完成句子
③It’s
really
generous
of
the
little
boy
to
share
his
only
cake
with
his
playmates.?
那个小男孩和他的玩伴分享他仅有的蛋糕真是很慷慨。
-35-
考点必记
该句是“It’s+
adj.+to
do
sth”结构,表示“做……是……”,其中it为形式主语,后面的动词不定式短语为真正的主语。
名师点津
①It’s+adj.+for
sb
to
do
sth结构中,做表语的形容词表示不定式行为的性质和特点,常见的有:easy,hard,difficult,important,necessary,vital,possible等。
②It’s+adj.+of
sb
to
do
sth结构中,做表语的形容词表示其中sb的品行、性格或性质,常见的有:kind,nice,good,friendly,wise,careful,stupid,foolish,rude,unwise,clever等。
-36-
14.unless引导条件状语从句
[教材原句]Unless
we
are
careful,“gene-therapy”
will
be
the
next
big
threat.(P34)除非我们小心翼翼,否则,“基因治疗”将会成为下一个重大威胁。
语境巧练
单句填空
①Unless
invited
(invite),I
won’t
go
to
the
ball.
②Unless
more
money
is
found
(find),their
company
will
soon
close.?
③Unless
you
can
sleep
well,you
will
lose
the
ability
to
focus,plan
and
stay
motivated
after
one
or
two
nights.(2018·江苏卷,单项填空)
完成句子
④You
should
not
go
rafting
unless
you
know
how
to
swim.?
你如果不懂得如何游泳,你就不应该去漂流。
-37-
考点必记
①句中unless引导条件状语从句,表示“除非……,否则……”,表示其后条件状语从句所表达的情况如果不发生,将发生主句的情况。unless可译作“如果不……”,或“除非……,否则……”。
②当从句主语和主句主语一致,且从句谓语动词含有动词be时,从句主语和be可以省去。
写作佳句
There
is
no
fun
in
winning
a
thing
unless
you
spare
no
efforts
for
it.如果不是你煞费苦心而得来的东西实在没有什么意思。
-38-
15.have
sth
done句型
[教材原句]In
the
future,athletes
who
have
their
genes
changed
might
be
able
to
do
the
100
metres
dash
in
just
8
seconds
or
the
marathon
in
less
than
two
hours.(P34)将来,基因发生改变的运动员可能在仅仅8秒内跑完100米,或在不到两小时的时间里跑完马拉松。
-39-
语境巧练
单句填空
①They
would
have
the
medicine
sent
(send)
by
rail
from
Anchorage
to
Nenana.(2016·北京卷,完形填空)
②I
need
a
new
passport
so
I
will
have
to
have
my
photograph
taken
(take).(2018·天津卷,单项填空)
③While
doing
the
shopping
in
the
supermarket
last
weekend,I
had
my
wallet
stolen
(steal).
完成句子
④The
students
had
their
classroom
decorated
very
beautifully
to
celebrate
National
Day.?
学生们把教室装饰得十分漂亮来庆祝国庆。
-40-
考点必记
句中have
sth
done常可表示下面三个含义:
①(主语)请/派别人完成某事
②(主语)让某事被……
③(主语)遭受某种不幸的情况
名师点津
在该结构中,have为使役动词,sth和done之间为被动关系,故用过去分词,而如果它们之间为主动关系,则应用have
sth/sb
do或have
sth/sb
doing结构。
-41-
16.rather
than句型
[教材原句]The
Olympic
spirit—the
spirit
of
competition
which
emphasises
taking
part
rather
than
winning—has
been
violated
by
the
desire
to
succeed
at
all
costs.(P34)人们不惜任何代价来获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。
-42-
语境巧练
单句填空
①Bill,rather
than
you,is
(be)
to
blame
for
not
finishing
the
work
on
time.
②I
prefer
to
stay
at
home
rather
than
go
(go)
shopping
with
her.
完成句子
③Rather
than
recycle
and
reduce
our
energy,we
had
to
think
of
365
different
green
things
to
do
and
this
was
no
easy
task.?
我们得考虑去做365件不同的环保的事情,而不是回收和减少我们的能源,这不是容易的任务。
④Mike
would
rather
walk
to
school
than
ride
a
crowded
bus.?
迈克宁愿步行上学,也不愿挤公交车。
-43-
考点必记
句中的rather
than是并列连词,该结构常用于平行结构中,连接相同的句子成分,即其两部分在成分和形式上应该一致。当其连接并列主语时,谓语的人称和数应与第一个主语一致。
名师点津
含有rather
than的句型常表示“宁愿做……,而不愿做……”,常见的有:
①prefer
to
do
sth
rather
than
do
sth
②would
do
sth
rather
than
do
sth
③would
rather
do
sth
than
do
sth
值得注意的是,would
rather后面跟从句时应用虚拟语气形式,表示现在和将来情况应用过去时态(将来情况常含有情态动词),表示过去情况时应用过去完成时态。
-44-
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.After
sharing
the
story
online,I
heard
from
someone,who
identified
the
lady
as
Erin
Smith.(2019·天津卷,完形填空)
2.Earth
Day,marked
on
22
April,is
an
annual
event
aiming
to
raise
public
awareness
about
environmental
protection.(2019·北京卷,语法填空)
3.After
a
serious
flu
outbreak
wipes
out
99.4%
of
the
world’s
population,a
battle
unfolds
between
good
and
evil
among
those
left.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷,阅读理解A篇)
4.As
a
friend,you
should
believe
in
him.In
the
meanwhile,he
should
be
faithful
(faith)to
you.
5.Residents
living
in
the
center
of
the
city
are
strongly
opposed
(oppose)
to
the
project.
-45-
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
6.All
the
passengers
could
be
tolerant
(tolerate)
of
the
young
lady’s
baby’s
making
a
noise,which
showed
their
high
quality.
7.Police
believe
there
are
thousands
of
illegal
guns
in
circulation
(circulate).
8.It
is
wrong
to
assume
(assume)
arts
groups
cannot
make
a
profit.(2018·江苏卷,任务型阅读)?
9.I
don’t
think
it’s
wise
of
young
ladies
to
keep
slim
at
the
cost
of
their
health.
10.Tom
is
so
independent
that
he
never
asks
his
parents’
opinion
unless
he
wants
their
support.(2019·天津卷,单项填空)
-46-
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.Boys
and
girls,please
remember
under
no
circumstances
we
cheat
in
exams.
we前加上should/do/can
2.A
dog’s
eating
habit
requires
regular
training
before
it
is
proper
established.(2019·天津卷,单项填空)proper→properly
3.David,stop
fooling
around.It’s
time
to
get
down
to
go
over
your
lessons.
go→going
4.The
nurse
catered
my
every
need,which
helped
me
recover
very
soon.
catered后加to
5.This
has
led
companies
and
individuals
to
donate
money
to
developing
countries
to
buy
computer
equipments
and
Internet
facilities.(2019·江苏卷,阅读理解C篇)equipments→equipment
-47-
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
6.Many
people
jumped
into
the
river,trying
to
save
the
drowning
boy,but
in
the
vain.去掉vain前的the
7.The
journalists
interviewed
people
in
the
street
for
random.
for→at
8.Many
graduates
went
to
the
south
to
seek
employment.
seek后加上for
9.The
suspect’s
words
were
completely
in
contradiction
of
what
the
witness
said.
of→to
10.He
recommended
that
she
did
some
research
and
talk
to
dentists
about
what
a
healthier
candy
would
contain.(2019·北京卷,阅读理解B篇)did→do
-48-
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅲ.话题微写作
写作内容提示
1.随着我们在学校的生活越来越忙碌,我们的健康已变得令人担忧。(比较级+and+比较级)
2.第二,不要再编站不住脚的借口,报怨没有时间锻炼。(excuse)
3.我们有时能以好的故事或有趣的电影款待自己,因为积极的情绪对我们的健康有好的影响。(have...effect
on)
4.总之,以身体健康为代价如此努力地工作没有意义。(there
is
no
point
in...)
-49-
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
连句成文(参考上述提示,通过合理想象整合成一篇短文)
With
our
life
in
school
getting
busier
and
busier,our
health
has
become
a
cause
for
concern.Here
are
my
tips
on
how
to
stay
healthy
while
we’re
seeking
to
get
ahead
in
study.
First
of
all,we
need
a
healthy
diet.Under
no
circumstances
should
we
skip
breakfasts
to
save
time
and
we
should
eat
food
that
is
healthy
and
easy
to
digest.Second,stop
making
lame
excuses
complaining
about
having
no
time
to
exercise.Give
yourself
a
break
and
you
will
get
a
lot
out
of
it.Third,stay
in
a
good
mood.We
can
treat
ourselves
to
a
good
story
or
an
interesting
movie
sometimes,for
positive
emotions
will
have
good
effects
on
our
health.
In
a
word,there
is
no
point
in
working
so
hard
at
the
cost
of
our
own
health.If
we
lost
health,all
our
efforts
would
be
in
vain.限时规范练41
Unit
21
Human
Biology
A
核心素养关键词:培养学生人与社会、历史地理的素养能力意识
一、阅读理解
A
The
island
of
Cuba
is
no
bigger
than
Pennsylvania.Yet
when
it
comes
to
nature,the
island
is
one
of
the
most
important
places
on
the
planet.That
is
the
message
of
?Cuba!,an
exhibit
that
opened
in
November
at
the
American
Museum
of
Natural
History
(AMNH),in
New
York
City.
“The
biodiversity
(生物多样性)
of
Cuba
is
part
of
Cuban
identity,”
Ana
Luz
Porzecanski
says.She
is
the
director
of
the
Center
for
Biodiversity
and
Conservation
at
AMNH
and
one
of
the
two
curators
(a
person
in
charge
of
a
museum
exhibit)
of
the
exhibit.
Detailed
recreations
of
four
habitats
transport
typical
parts
of
Cuba’s
landscapes
and
seascapes
to
New
York.They
include
ancient
caves
and
a
network
of
reefs.One
area
features
live
anole
lizards,a
Cuban
tree
frog,and
a
Cuban
boa.
Cuba
boasts
more
than
6,500
species
of
plants,161
kinds
of
reptiles,65
types
of
amphibians,42
species
of
mammals,and
367
bird
species.One
of
those
is
the
bee
hummingbird.Weighing
far
less
than
an
ounce
(about
28
grams),it
is
the
smallest
bird
on
Earth.
Much
of
the
wildlife
found
in
Cuba
exists
only
there.That
gives
scientists
a
unique
opportunity
to
study
how
plants
and
animals
develop
and
survive.
“Cuba
is
a
very
exciting
place
for
us
to
look
at
all
these
different
processes,”
says
Christopher
Raxworthy.He
is
in
charge
of
one
department
of
the
museum
and
a
cocurator
of
the
exhibit.“But
that
also
creates
great
challenges
for
conservation.”
Climate
change
is
threatening
Cuba’s
wildlife.Some
species
may
even
disappear.The
country
is
taking
steps
to
protect
its
plants
and
animals.But
AMNH
hopes
?Cuba!
will
show
how
important
the
country’s
natural
world
is
to
everyone.
【篇章导读】本文是说明文。美国自然历史博物馆举办的展览?Cuba!展示了古巴丰富的生物多样性。
1.What
can
be
known
about
?Cuba!?
A.It
shows
Cuba’s
rich
biodiversity.
B.It
compares
the
islands
on
the
planet.
C.It
features
Cuba’s
social
development.
D.It
opens
in
a
museum
in
Pennsylvania.
答案A
解析细节理解题。由第一段中的“whenitcomestonature,theislandisoneofthemostimportantplacesontheplanet.Thatisthemessageof?Cuba!”以及第二段中的“ThebiodiversityofCubaispartofCubanidentity”可知,?Cuba!是在纽约的美国自然历史博物馆举办的一次展览,主要展示了古巴丰富的生物多样性。
2.What
does
the
underlined
word
“boasts”
in
Paragraph
4
probably
mean?
A.Increases.
B.Needs.
C.Has.
D.Expects.
答案C
解析词义猜测题。由划线词后的“6,500speciesofplants,161kindsofreptiles,65typesofamphibians,42speciesofmammals,and367birdspecies”可知,古巴拥有6500种植物、161种爬行动物、65种两栖动物、42种哺乳动物和367种鸟类,这也照应了上文中提到的古巴丰富的生物多样性。
3.What
is
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.Cuba
fights
climate
change
B.Travel
from
Cuba
to
America
C.Wildlife
conservation
faces
threat
D.AMNH’s
Cuba
exhibit
explores
biodiversity
答案D
解析标题归纳题。通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了在纽约的美国自然历史博物馆举办的展览?Cuba!展示了古巴丰富的生物多样性。D项作标题符合文章主旨。
B
When
Anthony
and
Jacqueline
Rich’s
dog
Monty
died
last
November
at
the
age
of
14,the
couple,who
are
in
their
sixties
and
have
had
dogs
for
forty
years
of
married
life,were
devastated.Today
there
is
another
dog
Ollie
at
their
home.He
came
to
them
after
the
death
of
his
81-year-old
owner
and
they
already
“love
him
to
pieces”.It’s
a
simple
enough
equation
—
bereaved
(丧失亲人的)
owner
plus
bereaved
pet
equals
comfort
and
new
joy
for
both
parties.
The
benefits
of
animal
companionship
for
older
people
are
now
well
documented;it
is
the
practicalities
that
often
prove
the
stumbling
block.This
month
Dr
June
McNicholas,a
health
psychologist
at
Warwick
University,will
carry
out
a
study
which
aims
to
identify
those
factors
that
may
prevent
the
elderly
from
keeping
pets
and
which
suggests
possible
solutions.
“Old
people
with
pets
are
generally
more
active,”
she
says.“Obviously,walking
a
dog
is
good
exercise
and
can
also
be
a
way
of
preserving
social
contacts
or
making
new
friendships,but
even
just
getting
up
and
down
to
see
to
the
cat
or
going
to
the
shops
for
food
is
better
than
nothing.Research
has
also
found
that
those
who
have
animals
are
likely
to
keep
their
homes
warmer
in
winter
and
to
feed
themselves
more
regularly.Self-care
is
often
tied
in
with
pet
care,which
is
especially
important
for
those
who
live
alone.”
In
an
earlier
project
McNicholas
studied
the
role
of
animals
in
helping
people
widowed
(寡居的)
after
long
marriages.Among
200
subjects,she
found
that
symptoms
of
uncontrolled
tearfulness
and
feelings
of
hopelessness
and
helplessness
were
all
lowered
among
pet
owners.
McNicholas
says,“In
the
early
stages,the
animal
was
a
continuing
link
with
the
loved
one.The
bereaved
often
want
to
talk
about
the
person
they’ve
lost,but
other
people
don’t,so
instead
they
talk
to
the
dog,which
responds
to
the
name.We
have
no
way
of
knowing
whether
animals
are
actually
sympathetic,but
they
respond
to
changes
in
behaviour
and
body
language
in
a
way
that
gives
comfort.
【篇章导读】本文是议论文。文章主要讲述了养宠物的好处。
4.What
does
the
underlined
word
“devastated”
in
Paragraph
1
mean?
A.Grateful.
B.Relaxed.
C.Sorrowful.
D.Confused.
答案C
解析词义猜测题。由第一段中的“Montydied”和“havehaddogsforfortyyearsofmarriedlife”以及“bereavedownerplusbereavedpetequalscomfortandnewjoyforbothparties”可知,当Anthony和JacquelineRich夫妇的狗Monty死后,他们非常伤心。
5.What
does
McNicholas
mainly
talk
about
in
Paragraph
3?
A.The
benefits
of
keeping
a
pet.
B.The
troubles
pet
owners
face.
C.Factors
preventing
people
having
pets.
D.Ways
of
handling
old
people’s
loneliness.
答案A
解析段落大意题。由第三段的描述可知,本段主要讲述了养宠物给老人带来的好处:老人会更积极、得到更多的锻炼、保持社交,宠物还可以激励老人照顾好自己。
6.What
did
McNicholas’s
earlier
study
find?
A.Pets
often
show
their
owners
sympathy.
B.Pets
can
respond
to
their
owners’
needs.
C.Pets
serve
as
their
owners’
spiritual
guide.
D.Pets
can
help
their
owners
with
their
sadness.
答案D
解析推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“symptomsofuncontrolledtearfulness...wereallloweredamongpetowners”和最后一段中的“theyrespondtochangesinbehaviourandbodylanguageinawaythatgivescomfort”可知,宠物能给予主人安慰,尤其能带给寡居老人快乐和慰藉,让他们不那么悲伤、绝望和无助。
7.What
is
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.Get
along
well
with
your
new
pet
B.You
are
never
too
old
to
have
a
pet
C.Start
your
later
life
with
a
new
hobby
D.Help
older
people
live
fully
and
happily
答案B
解析标题归纳题。通读全文可知,JuneMcNicholas博士的研究发现养宠物可以给寡居老人带来精神上的慰藉,让他们变得更积极,得到更多的锻炼,保持社交的延续性,并激励他们照顾好自己,由此可知,养宠物有很多益处。故B项做标题能恰当概括文章主旨。
二、七选五
Newlivesforoldphones
When
a
new
mobile
phone
starts
to
be
sold
in
stores,many
people
rush
out
to
buy
one.We
all
want
the
newest,latest
thing. 1 ?
Mike
Townsend
works
at
Total
Recall,a
mobile
phone
recycling
company.“Don’t
throw
your
old
phone
away. 2
If
you
throw
it
away,it
goes
with
other
rubbish
to
become
landfill
(垃圾填埋地).In
other
words,it
is
put
in
a
big
hole
in
the
ground—and
it
becomes
a
big
problem,”
he
says.?
Mobile
phones
contain
some
poisonous
materials.If
your
phone
goes
to
a
landfill,these
poisonous
materials
can
get
out
and
get
into
the
water
under
the
ground.That’s
the
water
we
need
to
drink
or
water
that
goes
into
rivers
or
the
ocean. 3
Those
are
a
lot
of
landfills
and
a
lot
of
poisonous
materials.?
“At
Total
Recall,we
separate
the
old
phones
into
pieces.Most
of
the
materials
in
a
mobile
phone
can
be
recycled
and
used
again. 4
For
example,phone
batteries
contain
nickel
and
cadmium.The
nickel
is
used
to
make
steel,and
the
cadmium
can
be
used
to
make
new
batteries,”
explains
Mike.?
“ 5
You
can
usually
just
take
it
into
a
mobile
phone
shop
and
they’ll
send
it
to
us,”
says
Mike.?
So,before
you
throw
that
old
mobile
phone
away,use
it
one
last
time:search
for
a
recycle
station
near
you
and
give
them
a
call.
A.Send
it
to
us
and
we’ll
recycle
it.
B.Recycling
your
old
phone
is
easy.
C.How
much
is
our
old
mobile
phone
worth?
D.But
what
should
we
do
with
our
old
mobile
phones?
E.Millions
of
mobile
phones
are
thrown
away
every
year.
F.We
sell
the
parts
and
they
are
used
to
make
new
products.
G.Recycling
materials
helps
keep
the
environment
greener
and
cleaner.
答案与解析
【篇章导读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一种让你的旧手机重获新生的办法。
1.D 由上文中的“Weallwantthenewest,latestthing.”及下文中的“Don’tthrowyouroldphoneaway.”可知,第一段引出一种现象,下文介绍了针对这一问题的解决办法,所以设空处应该是一个承上启下的句子——“那么我们的旧手机该怎么办?”
2.A 根据上文中的“MikeTownsendworksat...‘Don’tthrowyouroldphoneaway...’”可知,MikeTownsend在一个手机回收公司工作,他号召人们不要扔掉旧手机,而是把它送到他的公司来回收再利用。故A项符合此处语境。
3.E 联系上文中的“Mobilephonescontainsomepoisonousmaterials.”及下文中的“Thosearealotoflandfillsandalotofpoisonousmaterials.”可知,人们每年会扔掉几百万台旧手机,而手机中含有有毒物质,所以这就相当于庞大的有毒物质被释放到环境中。E项在这里起承上启下的衔接作用。
4.F 根据上文中的“Mostofthematerialsinamobilephonecanberecycledandusedagain.”及下文中的例子可知,旧手机可以被回收再利用后制造成新的产品。
5.B B项“回收你的旧手机其实很简单”是对下文的“Youcanusuallyjusttakeitintoamobilephoneshopandthey’llsendittous.”的概括。
三、语法填空
Often
when
people
make
plans
to
visit
Britain
as
a
1.
(tour),the
only
city
they
consider
is
London.Although,as
the
capital
city
of
England,it
is
a
lively
and
interesting
place
with
many
historical
and
cultural
2.
(attraction),people
often
forget
the
rest
of
the
United
Kingdom
and
all
the
3.(excite)
things
it
offers.So
here
4.
(be)
some
of
my
favourite
cities
of
the
United
Kingdom
that
you
may
not
have
heard
much
about.?
Glasgow
Glasgow,one
of
Scotland’s
biggest
cities,5.
(sad)
has
a
reputation
(名声)
for
being
ugly
and
dirty.The
first
time
I
visited
it,I
realised
6.
wrong
it
was!
The
city
has
many
universities,so
it
is
full
of
young
people,and
it
is
also
home
to
many
museums
and
art
galleries.There
are
also
beautiful
historical
sites.?
Bristol
As
it
is
in
the
south
of
England,Bristol
is
very
easy
to
travel
to
from
London.It
is
a
very
beautiful
city
7.
has
a
great
cathedral
and
scenic
streets.The
River
Avon
runs
through
the
city,and
the
suspension
bridge
allows
you
8.
(walk)
high
over
the
water
and
watch
it
stretch
ahead
for
miles.?
Newcastle
Newcastle
is
famous
9.
its
shopping
and
busy
nightlife,but
it
also
boasts
(拥有)
a
beautiful
river,art
galleries,theatres
and
restaurants.?
So
if
you
ever
find
yourself
in
the
UK,consider
10.
(try)
something
different!
答案与解析
1.tourist 考查名词。设空处做宾语,表示“游客”,且设空处前有不定冠词,故填名词tourist。
2.attractions 考查名词复数。设空处做宾语,表示“吸引人的事物”,由many可知,此处应用名词复数,故填attractions。
3.exciting 考查形容词做定语的用法。设空处做定语,修饰things,表示“令人激动的”,故填形容词exciting。
4.are 考查主谓一致。此处为倒装结构,句子主语是someofmyfavouritecitiesoftheUnitedKingdom,又因此处表示现在的情况,故填are。
5.sadly 考查副词。设空处做状语修饰整个句子,表示“很遗憾”,故填副词sadly。
6.how 考查连接词。设空处引导宾语从句,修饰形容词wrong,故填how。
7.that/which 考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰city且在从句中做主语,故填that或which。
8.to
walk 考查不定式做补语的用法。allowsb.todosth.意为“允许某人做某事”。
9.for 考查介词。befamousfor意为“以……而闻名”。
10.trying 考查动词-ing形式做宾语的用法。considerdoingsth.意为“考虑做某事”。
1限时规范练42
Unit
21
Human
Biology
B
核心素养关键词:培养学生人与社会、了解各类主题公园的素养能力意识
一、阅读理解
A
Visitors
to
Hot
Springs
National
Park
in
Arkansas
really
follow
the
crowd.The
park
contains
47
hot
springs.And
tourists
can
take
relaxing
soaks
at
a
bathhouse
in
the
park
that
uses
warm
water
from
the
nearby
hot
springs.
GreatSprings
At
5,550
acres,Hot
Springs
National
Park
is
the
smallest
national
park
in
the
United
States.People
have
been
coming
to
the
area
for
hundreds
of
years
to
enjoy
its
natural
hot
baths.Starting
in
the
19th
century,several
bathhouses
that
offered
baths
with
spring
water
opened
in
the
region.Many
visitors
with
illnesses
went
there,believing
that
the
waters
could
help
cure
them.
The
area
became
a
national
park
in
1921.People
aren’t
allowed
to
take
baths
directly
in
the
springs.But
you
can
still
visit
the
one
bathhouse
that
remains
in
operation
at
the
park.You
can
also
drink
the
spring
water
from
special
fountains
(喷嘴式饮水器)
around
the
park.And
don’t
worry
about
burning
your
tongue.When
the
water
flows
from
the
ground
into
the
pools,it’s
very
hot.But
it
cools
before
reaching
the
park’s
baths
and
fountains.
HomeatHotSprings
Besides
the
springs,visitors
to
the
park
can
also
see
some
pretty
cool
wildlife.Sounds
like
there
are
a
lot
of
ways
to
have
fun
at
Hot
Springs
National
Park!
Fees&Passes
There
is
no
entrance
fee
for
the
park.
CampingFees
Your
stay
is
limited
to
14
days
at
a
time.Longer
stays
require
you
to
move
to
a
different
campground
outside
of
the
national
park.All
sites
can
be
used
for
tent
camping.All
sites
are
$30
per
night
or
$15
per
night
with
a
Senior
Pass
or
Access
Pass
card.Senior
and
Access
passes
can
be
bought
at
the
park
store.
【篇章导读】本文是应用文。文章介绍了美国阿肯色州温泉国家公园。
1.WhatdoweknowaboutHotSpringsNationalPark?
A.Itwassetupinthe1920s.
B.Itsbathwaterisveryhot.
C.Itisthesmallestnationalparkworldwide.
D.Itsbathhouseswereopenedinrecentyears.
答案A
解析细节理解题。根据GreatSprings中的“Theareabecameanationalparkin1921.”可知,美国温泉国家公园成立于1921年,故A项正确。
2.What
can
visitors
do
at
the
park?
A.Take
baths
in
the
springs
directly.
B.Have
their
illnesses
cured.
C.Visit
many
old
bathhouses.
D.Drink
its
spring
water.
答案D
解析细节理解题。根据GreatSprings部分中的“Youcanalsodrinkthespringwaterfromspecialfountains”可知应选D项。
3.If
visitors
want
to
camp
at
the
park,they
should
.?
A.bring
their
own
tents
B.go
to
the
park
store
first
C.stay
for
no
more
than
14
days
D.change
campgrounds
every
day
答案C
解析细节理解题。根据Fees&Passes部分中的“Yourstayislimitedto14daysatatime.”可知,在美国温泉国家公园露营一次最多只能停留14天。
4.How
much
should
visitors
pay
to
enter
the
park?
A.Nothing.
B.$7.5.
C.$15.
D.$30.
答案A
解析细节理解题。根据Fees&Passes部分中的“Thereisnoentrancefeeforthepark.”可知,美国温泉国家公园没有门票费。
B
If
you
visit
the
new
Mummies
(木乃伊)
show
at
the
American
Museum
of
Natural
History
(AMNH),in
New
York
City,don’t
miss
the
Gilded
Lady.Scientists
say
she
probably
died
of
lung
disease
when
she
was
in
her
40s
—
about
2,000
years
ago
—
in
Egypt.They
even
have
a
model
of
her
skull.Based
on
that,an
artist
was
sure
how
she
may
have
looked
when
she
was
alive.And
yet,the
mummy’s
coffin
has
never
been
opened.Instead,scientists
used
a
machine
called
a
CT
scanner
to
look
inside.
CT
scanners
were
developed
to
help
doctors
examine
patients.But
the
machines
turned
out
to
be
perfect
for
studying
mummies,too.
“A
hundred
years
ago,scientists
would
usually
open
mummies’
coffins.This
did
a
great
deal
of
harm
to
those
mummies,”
says
AMNH
president
Ellen
V.Futter.“We
just
don’t
do
that
anymore.We
can
do
so
much
better.By
using
CT
scanners,scientists
can
know
about
an
ancient
person’s
diet
from
some
of
a
mummy’s
hair.Pieces
of
bone
can
show
who
was
related
to
whom.”
Some
mummies
in
Peru
were
buried
with
a
skull
hanging
from
their
neck.Scientists
thought
these
mummies
wore
the
skull
of
an
enemy.But
DNA
evidence
showed
that
the
mummies
were
buried
with
the
skull
of
an
ancestor.
The
19
mummies
in
the
show
are
from
Egypt
and
Peru.They
had
completely
different
reasons
for
mummifying
the
dead.The
ancient
Egyptians
believed
that
mummification
allowed
an
ancestor
to
live
on
in
the
next
world.The
people
who
prepared
the
Gilded
Lady
thought
she
would
continue
to
see,hear,and
smell.In
ancient
Peru,people
practiced
mummification
to
stay
connected
with
their
ancestors.Some
families
kept
mummies
in
their
home.
Futter
calls
the
mummies
in
the
show
“messengers
from
another
time.”
With
the
help
of
technology,scientists
will
continue
to
uncover
mummies’
secrets
so
we
can
understand
it.
【篇章导读】本文是说明文。随着科学技术的进步,科学家们正一步步揭开木乃伊的神秘面纱。
5.WhatdidscientistsfindabouttheGildedLady?
A.Shewasagreatartist.
B.Shediedanaturaldeath.
C.ShelivedinancientEgypt.
D.Shehadanamazinglylonglife.
答案C
解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Scientistssaysheprobablydiedoflungdiseasewhenshewasinher40s—about2,000yearsago—inEgypt.”可知,科学家们认为GildedLady生活在2000多年前的古埃及。
6.What
do
Futter’s
words
suggest?
A.Pieces
of
bone
show
a
person’s
diet.
B.CT
scanners
do
great
harm
to
mummies.
C.Mummies
usually
wore
the
skull
of
an
enemy.
D.Technology
plays
an
important
role
in
mummy
studies.
答案D
解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Ahundredyearsago,scientistswouldusuallyopenmummies’coffins.”及“ByusingCTscanners...whowasrelatedtowhom.”可知,随着科技的进步,科学家们改变了以往的研究手段,并获得了更多重要的发现,由此可知Futter的话说明科技对木乃伊的研究起着重要的作用。
7.Why
did
the
ancient
Peruvians
make
mummies?
A.To
do
traditional
medical
research.
B.To
keep
close
ties
with
their
relatives.
C.To
help
their
families
live
a
better
life.
D.To
let
their
ancestors
live
in
another
world.
答案B
解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“InancientPeru,peoplepracticedmummificationtostayconnectedwiththeirancestors.”可知,秘鲁人制作木乃伊是为了与他们的祖先紧密相连在一起。
8.What
does
the
underlined
word
“it”
in
the
last
paragraph
refer
to?
A.The
technology.
B.Their
message.
C.Their
family.
D.The
show.
答案B
解析代词指代题。根据最后一段中的“Futtercallsthemummiesintheshow‘messengersfromanothertime’.”可知,由于木乃伊被当成历史信息的传递者,所以科学家们希望继续发掘木乃伊的秘密以理解他们所传递的信息,故这里it指代“信息”的意思。
二、完形填空
My
bike
was
stolen
last
Saturday.Left
with
a
lock
and
a
1
heart,I
decided
to
leave
the
thief
a
2 .?
Armed
with
yellow
paint,I
3
a
big
cardboard
sign
and
hung
it
on
my
gate.It
said:?
“To
the
person
who
stole
my
bicycle:
I
need
it
to
get
to
work.I
can’t
4
another
one.?
PS:Bring
it
back.”
I
felt
a
little
5
writing
the
sign.But
I
knew
other
people’s
bicycles
had
been
stolen
in
the
neighborhood,and
the
least
I
could
do
was
6
what
had
happened.I
left
it
up
for
seven
7 .?
On
Wednesday
evening,a
young
man
knocked
at
my
door,carrying
a
8 .?
“Did
you
get
your
bike
stolen?”
asked
the
guy.“I
had
this
bike
9
around,so
I
figured
you
might
be
able
to
use
it.”
I
was
surprised
by
the
10
and
tried
to
explain
my
intentions,saying
I
really
appreciated
it,
11
wasn’t
sure
if
I’d
be
able
to
use
it.What
was
clear,however,was
that
it
wasn’t
about
the
bicycle;it
was
about
the
desire
to
12 .Finally
I
accepted,very
13
by
the
kindness.?
A
snowstorm
came
the
next
day,and
my
husband
suggested
I
14
the
sign.I
15 —my
bike
was
stolen
on
the
weekend,so
the
sign
would
stay
up
until
the
next
weekend.?
On
Saturday
morning,I
got
another
16
on
the
door.It
was
a
middle-aged
woman.She
said
she
drove
twice
around
the
block
so
she
could
17
read
my
sign.“What
kind
of
bicycle
do
you
need?”
she
asked.“If
I
18
one,I’ll
bring
it
to
you.”
Then
she
gave
me
a
big
hug.?
I
felt
strengthened.This
sign
was
19
things.So
much
kindness
was
pouring
out
from
such
a
simple
gesture
of
20
myself
up
to
the
universe.?
【篇章导读】本文是记叙文。自行车被偷后,“我”在大门口挂了个警告牌,希望小偷能看到,将自行车还回来。没想到,“我”却收到了陌生人的善意和帮助。
1.A.warm
B.soft
C.big
D.heavy
答案D
解析由本段第一句“MybikewasstolenlastSaturday”以及“Leftwithalock...”可知,“我”很“难过(aheavyheart)”。
2.A.lesson
B.note
C.problem
D.picture
答案B
解析由“abigcardboardsign”以及“Tothepersonwhostolemybicycle...Bringitback”可知,“我”决定给小偷留张“便条(note)”。
3.A.read
B.followed
C.made
D.saw
答案C
解析由本句中的“Armedwithyellowpaint”以及下文中的“writingthesign”可知,“我”用家里的硬纸箱“制作了(made)”一个牌子。
4.A.lose
B.lend
C.choose
D.afford
答案D
解析由“Ineedittogettowork”以及“Bringitback”可知,“我”“买不起(can’tafford)”另一辆自行车。
5.A.wrong
B.happy
C.foolish
D.dangerous
答案C
解析由“ButIknewotherpeople’sbicycles...hadhappened.”可知,“我”觉得写警告牌这个举动有些“愚蠢(foolish)”。
6.A.say
B.know
C.ignore
D.realize
答案A
解析由本句中的“ButIknewotherpeople’sbicycleshadbeenstolenintheneighborhood”可知,“我”愿意将所发生的事“说出来(say)”。
7.A.hours
B.days
C.weeks
D.months
答案B
解析由下文中的“mybikewasstolenontheweekend,sothesignwouldstayupuntilthenextweekend”可知,“我”让警告牌在大门口挂“七天(sevendays)”。
8.A.bike
B.sign
C.board
D.gun
答案A
解析由下文中的“Ihadthisbike...touseit.”可知,他扛着一辆“自行车(bike)”。
9.A.traveling
B.turning
C.lying
D.playing
答案C
解析由本句中的“Ifiguredyoumightbeabletouseit”可知,“我”这辆自行车“闲置着(lyingaround)”。
10.A.answer
B.advice
C.promise
D.offer
答案D
解析由上文中的“Ihadthisbike...touseit”可知,他的“帮助(offer)”使“我”惊讶。
11.A.but
B.or
C.and
D.so
答案A
解析前后句之间表示转折关系,故用“但是(but)”。
12.A.return
B.come
C.help
D.pay
答案C
解析由下文中的“Iaccepted...thekindness”可知,“我”改变主意不是因为这辆自行车,而是因为他很想“帮助(help)”“我”。
13.A.confused
B.amazed
C.excited
D.touched
答案D
解析由该空前的“Iaccepted”可知,此处指他的善意让“我”很“感动(touched)”。
14.A.look
for
B.take
down
C.hold
up
D.give
away
答案B
解析由“Asnowstormcamethenextday”以及“mybikewasstolen...thenextweekend”可知,“我”的丈夫建议“我”把警告牌“拿下来(takedown)”,“我”“拒绝了(refused)”。
15.A.refused
B.obeyed
C.agreed
D.doubted
答案A
解析见上题解析。
16.A.knock
B.pull
C.gift
D.poster
答案A
解析由“Itwasamiddle-agedwoman”可知,此处表示“又有人敲门(anotherknockonthedoor)”。
17.A.hardly
B.fully
C.easily
D.silently
答案B
解析“shedrovetwicearoundtheblock”的目的是能够“完全(fully)”读懂警告牌。
18.A.borrow
B.find
C.steal
D.deliver
答案B
解析此处表示如果“我”“找到(find)”一辆自行车的话,“我”给你拿过来。
19.A.providing
B.showing
C.changing
D.running
答案C
解析“我”在大门口挂警告牌,希望小偷能看到,将自行车还回来。没想到,却收到了陌生人的善意和帮助,故这个警告牌在“改变着(changing)”情况。
20.A.holding
B.picking
C.giving
D.opening
答案D
解析结合整篇文章以及第二段中警告牌的内容,此处表示“我”只是“将心中所想说出来(openingmyselfup)”,却收到如此多的善意。
三、短文改错
One
of
my
favourite
things
to
do
in
my
free
time
is
do
voluntary
works.I’ve
volunteered
for
a
variety
of
difference
organisations.The
activities
include
simple,everyday
ones
like
cleaning
our
city
square
and
take
dogs
for
walks
at
an
animal
rescue
centre.By
volunteering,I’ve
not
only
gained
valuable
experience
and
also
built
confidence
in
talking
about
strangers.I
was
used
to
be
a
shy
person,but
my
volunteering
experience
gave
us
the
opportunity
to
meet
new
people.Doing
an
activity
I
wouldn’t
normal
do
with
other
volunteers
made
me
had
a
really
fun
time.These
are
just
few
of
the
reasons
why
I
think
volunteering
is
worthwhile.
答案
第一句:works→work
第二句:difference→different
第三句:take→taking
第四句:and→but;about→with/to
第五句:去掉was;us→me
第六句:normal→normally;had→have
第七句:few前加a
1(共27张PPT)
Unit
21 Human
Biology
-2-
必背表达单词——写作信手拈来
1.circulate
vi. 循环
2.pump
vi.
用泵抽出(注入)
3.digest
vt.
消化
4.mineral
n.
矿物
5.hearing
n.
听觉
6.pulse
n.
脉搏
7.abuse
vt.
滥用
8.tolerate
vt.
忍受
9.doubtful
adj.
怀疑的,不肯定的
10.seek
vt.
寻找
11.annual
adj.
年度的;每年的,一年一次的
12.lame
adj.
站不住脚的,不易令人相信的
-3-
13.oppose
vt.
反对
14.privileged
adj.
荣幸的
15.cater
vi.
迎合;满足
16.entry
n.
进入;入学
17.ample
adj.
充足的;充裕的
18.herb
n.
草药
19.scan
n.
扫描
20.treat
vt.
款待
21.storage
n.
储存
22.postpone
vt.
延期;推迟
23.cancer
n.
癌症;癌
24.urban
adj.
城市的
25.rebuild
vt.
重建
-4-
26.trial
n.
实验
27.prohibit
vt.
禁止
28.unite
vt.
团结;联合;统一
29.pause
n.
暂停,停顿
30.symptom
n.
症状
31.routine
n.
常规;惯例
32.press
n.
新闻界;报界
33.adaptation
n.
变化;变种
34.foresee
vt.
预见
35.teamwork
n.
协作;配合
36.faith
n.
信心
37.pill
n.
药丸;药片
38.weekly
adj.
每周一次的
-5-
39.temporary
adj.
短暂的,临时的
40.numb
adj.
(思维、感觉、反应)麻木的
41.sacred
adj.
神圣的
42.rob
vt.
抢劫;使丧失
43.helmet
n.
防护帽,头盔
44.decline
vi.
下降
45.equip
vt.
使有准备
46.firm
n.
公司;商行
47.fortune
n.
大笔钱财,巨款
48.rate
n.
比率
49.deadline
n.
截止日期,最后日期
-6-
50.submit
vt.
提交
51.extension
n.
延期
52.tractor
n.
拖拉机
53.spade
n.
锹,铲
54.tin
n.
罐
55.concern
n.
担心;担忧
56.vote
vi.
表决
57.sceptical
adj.
怀疑的
58.belly
n.
腹部;肚子
59.absurd
adj.
荒谬的;不合理的
60.circumstance
n.
情形,情况
-7-
识记阅读单词——读文理解通畅
1.interval
n.
间隔;间歇
2.swap
vi.
交换
3.performance-enhancing
adj.
增强表现的
4.supreme
adj.
(程度)最大的,极度的
5.fundamental
adj.
根本的,基础的
6.compulsory
adj.
义务的;强制性的
7.controversial
adj.
有争议的
8.dash
n.
短跑
9.marathon
n.
马拉松赛跑
10.contradict
vt.
与(其他事物)相矛盾
-8-
11.violate
vt.
违反;违背
12.acute
adj.
严重的,剧烈的
13.statistics
n.
统计资料;统计数字
14.parallel
n.
平行线;极相似之处
15.tissue
n.
组织
16.mourn
vi.&
vt.表示哀悼;感到悲痛
17.carrier
n.
带菌者
18.prescription
n.处方
19.minimum
n.
最小;最低
20.institution
n.
团体;公共机构
21.enquiry
n.
询问
22.appendix
n.
附录
-9-
23.tablet
n.
药片
24.underline
vt.
强调;表明重要性
25.thorough
adj.
彻底的;细致的
26.systematic
adj.
系统化的
27.terminal
adj.
致命的;晚期的
28.unconditionally
adv.
无条件地
29.tentatively
adv.
不完全地
30.aluminium
n.
铝
-10-
『语用规律归纳』
1.“足够的”多种表达
(1)enough
(2)ample
(3)adequate
(4)plenty
-11-
2.“-ly”结尾的形容词集锦
(1)weekly
每周(一次)的
(2)monthly
每月(一次)的
(3)yearly
每年(一次)的
(4)daily
每日的
(5)lonely
孤独的
(6)lovely
可爱的
(7)likely
可能的
(8)deadly
致命的
(9)brotherly/sisterly
兄弟/姐妹般的
(10)manly
像男人的;强壮的
(11)friendly
友好的
-12-
3.“强调”的多种表达
(1)underline
v.
强调;表明重要性
(2)stress
v.
强调;着重
(3)strengthen
v.
加强;变强大
(4)emphasise
v.
强调
(5)emphasis
n.
强调;着重;加强语气
-13-
4.以“-s”结尾的名词的单复数
(1)statistics
统计数字/统计资料(复数);统计学(单数)
(2)politics
政治(单数)
(3)physics物理(单数)
(4)mathematics=maths数学(单数)
(5)series系列(单复数同形)
(6)species物种(单复数同形)
(7)Aids艾滋病(不可数)
(8)news新闻(不可数)
-14-
『构织连脉词族』
1.circulate
vi.
循环→circulation
n.
循环→circulator
n.
传播者;循环器
2.digest
vt.
消化→digestion
n.消化力;
领悟→digestible
adj.可消化的,可摘要的,容易了解的→digestibility
n.
消化性;
可消化性
3.tolerate
vt.
容忍→tolerant
adj.
容忍的;有耐药力的;宽恕的→tolerable
adj.
可容忍的,可忍受的→tolerance
n.
容忍,忍受,宽容→tolerably
adv.
可容忍地,可忍受地
4.threat
n.
威胁→threaten
vt.
吓唬,威胁→threatening
adj.
吓人的→threatened
adj.
受到威胁的
5.store
vt.
储存
n.
商店,贮藏,仓库→storage
n.
储存
6.prohibit
vt.
禁止→prohibition
n.
禁止
-15-
7.thorough
adj.
彻底的;细致的→thoroughly
adv.
彻底地;细致地
8.faith
n.
信心→faithful
adj.
踏实的,可靠的→faithfully
adv.
忠诚地;切实遵守地;如实地
9.temporary
adj.
临时的;短暂的→temporarily
adv.
临时地;短暂地
10.condition
n.
条件→conditional
adj.
有条件的,假定的→unconditional
adj.
无条件的,绝对的,无限制的→unconditionally
adv.
无条件地,绝对地,无限制地
11.equip
vt.
使有准备;装备;配备→equipment
n.
设备;装备
12.fortune
n.
大笔钱财,巨款→fortunate
adj.
幸运的→fortunately
adv.
幸运地→unfortunately
adv.
不幸地
13.extend
vt.
伸出,延伸,扩大→extension
n.
延期
14.submit
vt.
提交→submission
n.
提交;投降
-16-
『语境活用』
1.Your
brother
has
got
heart
and
circulation(循环)
problems.If
these
symptoms(症状)
go
on,he’d
better
have
a
thorough
examination.
2.Ordering
the
equipment(设备)
before
the
deadline(截止日期),you’ll
get
a
discount
of
15%.
3.Wearing
uniforms
in
our
school
is
not
compulsory(强制性的),but
it
has
been
a
routine (常规)
for
any
student.?
4.From
my
perspective,the
football
match
should
be
postponed(推迟).You
know,it’s
absurd
(荒谬的)
to
have
a
match
on
such
a
stormy
day.
5.Experts
confirm
that
food
stored
in
our
stomach
temporarily
(temporary)
is
often
digested
(digest)
in
less
than
six
hours.?
-17-
1. at
all
costs不管多大代价,无论如何?
2.cater
to迎合
3.stop
sth
in
its
tracks
突然止步
4.prohibit
sb
from
doing
sth禁止某人做某事
5.bring
up
抚养,养育
6.rob
sb
of
sth抢劫某人某物
7.be
responsible
for
对……负责
8.under/in
no
circumstances决不
9.get
down
to
开始,着手
10.at
random随便地,随意地
-18-
『语境活用』
用上面的短语填空
1.Brought
up
on
the
farm,Jack
knows
well
how
hard
farmers
always
work.
2.Little
time
is
left—it’s
time
for
us
to
get
down
to
working
together
to
achieve
our
goal.
3.Don’t
try
to
cater
to
others.Otherwise,you’ll
lose
yourself.
4.Remember
that
in/under
no
circumstances
should
we
give
away
our
plan
before
it’s
carried
out.
5.The
president
is
responsible
for
the
consequences
of
the
disaster
as
well
as
the
benefits
of
success.
-19-
『语用规律归纳』
1.含有at的常用短语
(1)at
all
costs
不管多大代价
(2)at
random
随意地;随便地
(3)at
any
rate
无论如何
(4)at
first
sight
乍一看
(5)at
high
speed高速
(6)at
a
price
of...以……价格
(7)at
present目前;现在
(8)at
least/most至少/多
(9)at
length详细地;终于
(10)at
the
mercy
of任由……摆布
-20-
2.faith构成的短语小结
(1)have
faith
in对……有信心;信任
(2)lose
faith
in对……丧失信心
(3)break
faith
with
sb对某人不忠诚
(4)in
good
faith真诚地;诚意地
-21-
『领悟教材语境』
1.Unfortunately,it
is
not
easy
to
catch
athletes
using
illegal
drugs.(Page
34)
不幸的是,很难抓住使用禁药的运动员。
[考点提炼]“It’s+adj.+to
do
sth”句式表示“做……是……”。
2.Unless
we
are
careful,“gene-therapy”
will
be
the
next
big
threat.(Page
34)
除非我们小心翼翼,否则,“基因疗法”将会成为下一个重大威胁。
[考点提炼]unless...,...表示“除非……,否则……”。
-22-
3.In
the
future,athletes
who
have
their
genes
changed
might
be
able
to
do
the
100
metres
dash
in
just
8
seconds
or
the
marathon
in
less
than
two
hours.(Page
34)
将来,基因发生改变的运动员可能在仅仅8秒内跑完100米,或在不到两小时的时间里跑完马拉松。
[考点提炼]have
sth
done的用法。
4.The
Olympic
spirit—the
spirit
of
competition
which
emphasises
taking
part
rather
than
winning
—
has
been
violated
by
the
desire
to
succeed
at
all
costs.(Page
34)
人们不惜任何代价来获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。
[考点提炼]...rather
than...“是……,而不是……”。
-23-
『高考写作情景』
1.琳达很固执,她一旦作出了决定,没人能让她改变。
So
stubborn
is
Linda
that
once
she
makes
up
her
mind,nobody
can
make
her
change.
2.除非天气非常冷,否则我开着窗户睡觉。
I
sleep
with
the
window
open
unless
it’s
really
cold.
3.我将在下个月末把这本书完成。
I’ll
have
this
book
finished
by
the
end
of
next
month.
4.公司的这项改革可能被看作是暂时的,而不是永久的。
The
reform
of
the
company
might
be
seen
as
temporary
rather
than
permanent.
-24-
『主题与语法填空』
The
Olympic
spirit
has
been
violated
by
the
desire
to
succeed
at
all
costs.Records
have
improved
a
lot
now
than
before.With
athletic
performances
continually
1.improving(improve),records
have
fallen
in
track
and
field
year
after
year
due
to
better
equipment,training
and
diet
since
the
first
Olympic
Games.However,recently,improvements
have
begun
to
slow
2.down.Doping
creates
supreme
athletes,but
it
also
causes
serious
health
problems.The
sports
world
isn’t
3.tolerant(tolerate)of
doping
and
it
is
a
problem
not
only
in
athletics
but
also
in
every
sport
4.where
athletes
seek
to
achieve
beyond
their
natural
limits
and
are
prepared
to
cheat
to
do
so.New
drugs
are
developed
all
the
time
so
it
is
not
easy
to
catch
athletes
-25-
5.using(use)illegal
drugs.It’s
compulsory
for
winners
6.to
be
tested(test)
but
other
participants
are
only
tested
7.at
random.In
the
future,athletes
who
have
their
genes
8.changed(change)
might
be
able
to
do
better
9.than
they
should
be.So
10.if
doping
and
gene-therapy
continue
to
affect
the
outcomes
of
major
sporting
events,the
word
“hero”
will
have
lost
all
meaning.
-26-
-27-
