(共26张PPT)
Unit
4 Public
transport
(主题语境:人与社会——历史、社会与文化)
-2-
在记忆中求准确
在语境中求熟练 Practice
makes
perfect.
必背表达单词——写作信手拈来
1.convey
vt.运送,输送;表达
2.unfortunately
adv.遗憾地,不幸地,可惜地
3.unbelievable
adj.非常坏(或非常好、非常极端)的,令人难以置信的
4.postpone
vt.延迟,延期
5.undertake
(undertook,undertaken)vt.&vi.
承担,从事;承诺,答应
6.ownership
n.所有权,产权
7.authority
n.权力,权威;官方,当权者;批准,授权
8.architect
n.建筑师
9.enlarge
vt.&vi.扩大,扩展,增大
10.user-friendly
adj.方便用户的,便于使用的
11.anniversary
n.周年纪念日
-3-
12.platform
n.站台,月台;平台;讲台,舞台
13.growth
n.增加,增长;成长,生长
14.enquiry
n.询问,咨询;调查,查究,探究
15.handful
n.少量的人或物;一把(的量)
16.split
(split,split)vi.&
vt.分割,(使)分开;撕开,割破
17.annual
adj.每年的,一年一次的
18.reservation
n.预订,预约;保留意见
19.timetable
n.时间表,时刻表
20.punctual
adj.准时的,守时的
21.arise(arose,arisen)vi.出现,产生
22.cyclist
n.骑自行车的人
-4-
23.pedestrian
n.行人,步行者
adj.行人(使用)的
24.aggressive
adj.好斗的,挑衅的,富于攻击性的
25.crash
n.&vi.&
vt.
撞车;碰撞;倒闭;崩溃
26.drunk
adj.喝醉的
n.醉汉,酒鬼
27.beer
n.啤酒;一杯(或一罐)啤酒
28.turning
n.拐弯处,转弯处
29.crossing
n.人行横道;十字路口,交叉点;穿越
-5-
识记阅读单词——读文理解通畅
1.rail
n.铁路;栏杆,扶手;横杆
2.traffic
jam
n.堵车,交通堵塞
3.outer
adj.远离中心的,外围的;外表的,表层的
4.horse-drawn
adj.用马拉的
5.tram
n.有轨电车
6.cab
n.出租车,的士
7.via
prep.经由,经过(某一地方);通过,凭借
8.section
n.部分;部件;部门
9.interval
n.间隔,间隙
10.choke
vi.&
vt.(使)窒息;(使)哽咽;塞满,堵塞
n.哽咽声,呛住的声音
-6-
11.minister
n.部长,大臣;牧师
12.receptionist
n.接待员
13.departure
n.离开,出发;背离,违反
14.ferry
n.渡船;摆渡
vt.渡运,摆渡
15.port
n.港口;(计算机)端口
16.minibus
n.中巴,小型公共汽车
17.fine
vt.处以罚金
18.violate
vt.违犯,违反;侵犯
19.load
n.负荷,负载;大量,许多
vt.装载,装上,装入
20.brake
n.刹车,车闸
vt.用车闸减速,刹车
21.tyre
n.轮胎
-7-
『构织连脉词族』
1.unbelievable
adj.非常坏(或非常好、非常极端)的,令人难以置信的→believable
adj.可信赖的→believe
vt.相信→belief
n.信念
2.enlarge
vt.&
vi.扩大,扩展,增大→large
adj.巨大的
→largely
adv.主要地,大部分地
3.growth
n.增加,增长;成长,生长→grow
vt.&
vi.种植;生长
4.enquiry
n.询问,咨询;调查,探究,查究→enquire
v.咨询;调查,探究
5.handful
n.少量的人或物;一把(的量)→hand
n.手
→handy
adj.便利的;手边的
6.annual
adj.每年的,一年一次的→annually
adv.一年一次地
7.receptionist
n.接待员→reception
n.接待;欢迎;招待会;接待处
-8-
8.reservation
n.预订,预约;保留意见→reserve
v.预订,预约;保留
9.departure
n.离开,出发;背离,违反→depart
vi.离开
10.punctual
adj.准时的,守时的→punctuation
n.标点符号→punctuality
n.守时,准时
11.aggressive
adj.好斗的,挑衅的,富于攻击性的
→aggression
n.侵犯,侵略
12.violate
v.违犯,违反;侵犯→violation
n.违犯,违反;侵犯
-9-
『语用规律归纳』
1.“load”家族
load负担;负荷物
loading附加工资
overload超载
download下载
upload上传
take
a
load
off
sb’s
mind
打消某人的顾虑
load
sb/sth
with
sth使……负担
load
sth
into把……装入
-10-
2.post-前缀常见词汇
表示“在后面”:
postwar
adj.战后的
postpone
v.推迟
postgraduate
n.研究生
3.表示“邮件,邮政”:
postage
n.邮资
post
office邮局
postcard
n.明信片
postal
adj.邮政的
-11-
4.和交通有关的常用短语
traffic
jam交通阻塞
traffic
regulation交通法规
traffic
lights交通灯
obey
the
rules遵守规则
speed
limit速度限制
traffic
sign交通标志
pavement人行道
pedestrian行人
red
lights红灯
green
lights绿灯
at
the
crossing在十字路口
cross
the
road穿过马路
zebra
crossing斑马线
traffic
accident交通事故
parking
lot停车场
-12-
5.与arise动词形式变化相似的词汇
arise→arose→arisen
出现;起身
rise→rose→risen
上升;起来
ride→rode→ridden
骑
write→wrote→written
写
drive→drove→driven
开车
-13-
6.enlarge相关动词小结
enlarge
vt.&vi. 扩大;放大
expand
vt.&vi. 扩大;膨胀
accumulate
vt.&vi. 积累
increase
vt.&vi. 增长
reduce
vt.&vi. 减少
shrink
vt.&vi. 收缩;缩小
7.关注“运气”和“命运”
fortune
n.机会;运气→fortunate
adj.幸运的→fortunately
adv.幸运地
luck
n.好运→lucky
adj.幸运的→luckily
adv.幸运地
fate
n.命运
destiny
n.命运;天命
-14-
『语境活用』
1.A
good
environment
will
be
good
for
a
child’s
healthy
growth
(成长),
but
the
house
will
not
be
conveyed
(传送,转让)
to
you
until
the
agreement
has
been
signed.
2.Watching
violence
on
TV
makes
some
children
more
aggressive.The
aggression
will
have
a
bad
effect
on
them.(aggress)
3.He
sold
the
restaurant,and
now
it
is
under
new
ownership.The
new
owner
is
running
it
well.(owner)
4.Because
of
the
heavy
fog,all
the
flights
have
been
postponed
till
further
notice.Many
passengers
are
now
annoyed
by
the
postponed
flights.(postpone)
5.In
its
annual
report,UNICEF
says
at
least
40,000
children
die
every
day
and
14.6
million
die
annually.(annual)
-15-
从表面理解到深层延伸
从拓展中抓其规律 Observation
is
the
best
teacher.
1.drop
off
中途下客或卸货
2.arise
from
起因于,由……引起
3.split
up
分组,分解,分离
4.at(...)intervals
每隔……距离或时间
5.put
through
给某人接通电话;使经历
6.decide
on/upon
决定,选定
7.put
off
推迟,拖延;使反感
8.turn
up
出现,到来;调高(音量等)
9.fill
in
填写(表格);消磨(时间)
10.a
handful
of
少数的,少量的
11.under
repair
正在修理,修理中
12.watch
out
for
people
crossing
the
road
留心过马路的人
-16-
13.(使)加速
speed
up
14.联合,连接
link
up
15.冒着生命的危险
risk
one’s
own
life
16.违法
violate
the
law
17.导致碰撞
result
in
crashes
18.为了纪念
in
honour
of
19.穿过,渡过(难关)
pull
through
20.旨在
be
aimed
at
21.特别地
in
particular
-17-
『语用规律归纳』
含有off的短语集锦
put
off推迟
give
off发出光(气味等)
turn
off关上
get
off下车
drop
off减少;掉落;让下车
well
off富有的
break
off暂停工作;折断;中断谈话
call
off取消
carry
off掠夺
pay
off还清
-18-
『语境活用』
1.As
I
pulled
the
bus
over
to
drop
off
a
little
girl,she
handed
me
an
earring
saying
I
should
keep
it
in
case
somebody
claimed
it.
2.We’re
still
trying
to
decide
on/upon
a
venue.
3.They
finally
turned
up
at
nearly
midnight.
4.I
am
filling
in
an
application
form
for
a
new
job.
5.There
were
so
many
men
in
the
room
that
they
had
to
split
up
into
groups.
-19-
从教材中探求高考脉动
从仿写中熟练运用 Nothing
is
impossible
for
a
willing
heart.
『领悟教材语境』
1.As
better
ways
for
digging
tunnels
were
developed,the
first
railway
tunnel
under
the
River
Thames
was
dug
in
1884.
(Page
50)
[考点提炼]as引导状语从句
2.So,why
not
take
a
trip
on
the
oldest
underground
system
today?
(Page
51)
[考点提炼]Why
not...?“为什么不……?”,表示建议
3.Since
then,
we
have
started
using
many
different
names
for
different
types
of
roads.
(Page
54)
[考点提炼]since表示“自从”,后接短语或引导从句
-20-
4.Below
are
some
of
the
major
causes
of
road
accidents
in
connection
with
vehicles
such
as
cars,minibuses
and
lorries,and
what
drivers
should
do
to
prevent
them.
(Page
62)
[考点提炼]表示地点、方向的副词或介词短语置于句首,主语较长,此时常使用完全倒装
5.It
is
up
to
all
of
us
road
users
to
make
sure
that
we
avoid
accidents
by
paying
attention
to
road
safety.
(Page
63)
[考点提炼]It
is
up
to
sb
to
do
sth为固定句式,意为“由某人决定做某事”
-21-
『高考写作情景』
1.随着世界人口的继续增长,食品供应越来越受到关心。
As
the
world’s
population
continues
to
grow,the
supply
of
food
becomes
more
and
more
of
a
concern.
2.——我已经很努力想这个问题的解决办法了,但是徒劳无果。
——为什么不咨询弗兰克?要知道,三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮。
—I
have
tried
very
hard
to
find
a
solution
to
the
problem,
but
in
vain.
—Why
not
consult
with
Frank?
You
see,two
heads
are
better
than
one.
3.自从毕业后,他就一直在一家银行工作。
He’s
been
working
in
a
bank
since
leaving
school.
-22-
4.进来一个小姑娘,穿着白色的裙子。
In
came
a
girl,wearing
a
white
skirt.
5.这取决于我们大家去解决我们街区的问题。
It’s
up
to
all
of
us
to
solve
the
problems
in
our
neighbourhood.
-23-
旧材新用
探究根源 Kill
two
birds
with
one
stone.
『主题与语篇填空』
The
first
underground
in
the
world
During
the
first
half
of
the
19th
century,people
in
London
were
conveyed
to
and
around
the
city
centre
by
horse-drawn
buses,trams,
cabs
and
carriages.But
the
vehicles
caused
unbelievable
traffic
jams,
1.which
led
to
the
development
of
the
underground
system.
In
1854,the
government
2.approved
(approval)
the
construction
of
an
underground
railway.However,3.for
lack
of
money
the
digging
was
postponed
until
1860.Then,another
section
was
opened.With
4.better
(good)ways
of
digging
tunnels
developing,more
and
more
underground
lines
were
built.When
5.seeing
(see)the
disadvantages
of
the
underground
lines
6.belonging
(belong)to
different
companies,
Charles
Yerkes
undertook
the
job
of
improving
this
situation
by
placing
all
the
lines
under
the
authority
of
the
same
board.
-24-
During
World
WarⅡ,the
underground
system
had
some
7.unusual
(usual)uses,such
as
bomb
shelters.After
World
War
Ⅱ,it
8.was
enlarged
(enlarge)to
meet
the
need.
And
the
last
line
9.added
(add)was
constructed
in
honour
of
the
25th
anniversary
of
Elizabeth
Ⅱ
becoming
the
queen.Today
the
network
of
the
underground
system
has
expanded
10.greatly
(great)and
become
more
popular.
-25-
『主题与短文改错』
There
are
solutions
of
the
road
safety
problem.A
wide
range
of
effect
interventions
exists.And
experience
in
countries
with
long
histories
of
motorized
travel
has
shown
that
scientific,“systematic
approach”
to
road
safety
is
essential
to
deal
with
the
problem.This
approach
addresses
the
traffic
system
as
a
whole
and
look
at
the
interactions
between
vehicles,road
users
and
the
road
infrastructure
to
identify
solutions.There
is
no
any
single
blueprint
for
road
safety.Interventions
and
strategies
whose
work
in
one
setting
may
need
to
be
adapting
elsewhere.During
the
coming
months,WHO
will
focus
specifical
on
interventions
relating
to
five
of
the
many
factors
that
cause
road
traffic
death
and
injuries.
-26-(共38张PPT)
Unit
4 Public
transport
(主题语境:人与社会——历史、社会与文化)
-2-
1.convey
vt.运送,输送;表达
[教材原句]Horse-drawn
buses,trams,cabs
and
carriages
were
used
to
convey
people
to
and
around
the
city
centre.马拉汽车、有轨电车、计程车和马车被用来将人们送往市中心及其周边一带。(P50)
语境巧练
写出下列句子中convey的含义
①What
is
the
message
the
writer
wants
to
convey
in
the
passage?
表达
②Graphs
can
be
a
very
useful
tool
for
conveying
information.传达
③The
truck
conveyed
the
furniture.运送
-3-
考点必记
convey
sth
to
sb向某人表达/传递某物
convey
sb/sth
from
A
to
B把某人/某物从A地运送到B地
写作佳句
In
this
letter,I
would
like
to
convey
my
sincere
appreciation
to
you
for
your
help.对于您的帮助,我想在这封信中表达我衷心的感谢。
-4-
2.postpone
vt.延期,延迟
[教材原句]However,new
trains
had
to
be
developed
and
the
plan
required
raising
a
large
amount
of
money,so
the
digging
was
postponed
until
1860.但是需要研发新式列车,这个计划需要收集大量资金,所以地下隧道的挖掘被推迟到1860年。(P50)
语境巧练
单句填空
①Do
you
mind
if
I
postpone
that
appointment
until
next
week?
②They
postponed
making
(make)
a
decision
and
we
just
had
to
wait.
考点必记
postpone
sth
to/until...把事情推迟到……
postpone
doing
sth耽搁/推迟做某事
postpone
from从……开始延期
-5-
3.link
up联合,连接
[教材原句]Sixteen
years
later,in
1884,the
Metropolitan
Railway
Company
and
the
Metropolitan
District
Railway
linked
up
and
provided
underground
service
in
the
middle
of
the
city.十六年后的1884年,大都会铁路公司和大都会区铁路公司联合,为城市中部提供地铁服务。(P50)
语境巧练
单句填空
①It
is
reported
that
the
two
companies
linked
up
to
hold
a
charity
event.
②Heart
disease
can
be
linked
to
smoking
(smoke).
考点必记
link
up
with与……连接,联合
link...to/with将……与……联系或连接起来
-6-
4.undertake
vt.&vi.承担,从事;承诺,答应 undertook(过去式);undertaken(过去分词)
[教材原句]Having
seen
the
situation,a
wealthy
American
businessman,Charles
Yerkes,undertook
the
job
of
improving
the
system
in
1902...看到这种情况,一名叫查尔斯·耶基斯的美国富商于1902年承担起了改善地铁的系统工程……(P51)
语境巧练
单句填空
①I
will
be
glad
to
undertake
to
see
(see)
what
can
be
done
with
the
papers.?
②I
will
undertake
that
you
shall
be
happy.
考点必记
undertake
to
do
sth保证/答应做某事
undertake+that从句
保证……
-7-
5.growth
n.增加,增长;成长,生长
[教材原句]Even
after
the
Olympics,the
growth
of
the
Beijing
Subway
has
continued,and
there
will
be
19
lines
in
total
in
the
coming
few
years.甚至在奥运会之后,北京地铁都一直在延伸,在接下来的几年里,将会新开19条地铁线。(P53)
-8-
语境巧练
用grow的适当形式填空
①Instead,it’s
a
healthy
way
to
work
through
the
experience
to
allow
room
for
positive
growth
and
forgiveness.
②It
can
be
quite
an
eye
opener
to
see
the
range
of
classical
apples
still
in
existence,such
as
Decio
which
was
grown
by
the
Romans.?
③As
he
grows
you
also
age,and
your
ambitions
become
more
unachievable.
④After
he
was
put
on
disability
for
a
bad
back,he
bought
a
small
farm
in
the
country,just
enough
to
grow
food
for
the
family.?
-9-
用become,get,go,grow,run,turn,fall,come填空
⑤In
hot
weather,meat
goes
bad.
⑥Things
will
come
right
in
the
end.
⑦Their
money
was
running
short.
⑧The
girl
grew
thinner
and
thinner.
⑨The
man
turned
blue
with
fear.
⑩She
fell
ill
from
cold.
His
coat
has
become
badly
torn.
The
days
are
getting
longer
and
longer.
-10-
完成句子
Our
country
is
becoming/getting
stronger
and
stronger
(日益强大).
He
used
to
be
a
soldier
till
he
turned
writer
(当作家).?
Don’t
get
caught
in
(淋着了)
the
storm.?
Look
out!You
nearly
got
hit
(给撞了)
by
the
car.?
The
murderer
shall
not
go
unpunished
(逃脱惩罚).?
-11-
考点必记
grow
vt.种植 vi.生长,发育;渐渐变得
常见的“变成”类系动词有become,get,come,go,grow,fall,turn等,都表示从一种状态到另一种状态,都可以接介词短语。尽管意思都差不多,但搭配有差别,若不注意,使用时会出错。
(1)形容词做表语。go和come是一对相反的词。“go+
adj.”修饰令人不快的事情,而“come+
adj.”修饰好的事情。go与come前面的主语一般是物。如果表语为mad,blind,lame或表示颜色的词,go前面的主语可以是人。
(2)grow与run相对,接表示人或物特征的静态形容词,也接表示天气的形容词,侧重于“逐渐变成”。
(3)turn多接表示颜色的形容词,也接表示天气的形容词,它侧重变得与以前完全不同。
-12-
(4)fall接asleep,silent等静态形容词和表示疾病的形容词,但不能接形容词比较级。
(5)“get+
adj.”是口语,用得较广泛,get能替代become;become较正式,get与become前面的主语既可以是人又可以是物。get较多地与形容词比较级连用。
(6)become,turn,get,go,fall都能用名词做表语,其他的则不能。注意:go,turn后面的名词通常不带冠词。
(7)come,grow,get能接不定式,这种结构表示变化过程,come表示“最终变得”,get表示“由……变得”,grow表示“渐渐变得”。
-13-
6.since
引导状语从句
[教材原句]Since
then,we
have
started
using
many
different
names
for
different
types
of
roads.自从那以后,我们给不同的道路开始使用不一样的名字。(P54)
-14-
语境巧练
单句填空
①However,I
soon
discover
that
much
has
changed
(change)
since
the
days
of
disturbing
reports
of
camps
among
tons
of
rubbish.(2019·全国卷I,完形)?
②Since
I
was
(be)
a
kid,I’ve
considered
different
jobs
I
would
like
to
do.(2019·全国卷II,改错)
③It
is
two
weeks
since
you
came
to
our
school
and
you
are
going
to
return
to
England
soon.
④The
book
was
written
in
1946,since
when
the
education
system
has
witnessed
great
changes.
⑤Since
March
2012,I
have
done
(do)89
trips—of
those,51
have
been
abroad.?
⑥My
son
Jody
has
hated
(hate)school
since
day
one
in
kindergarten.
-15-
考点必记
since表示“自从”,其用法如下:
(1)since+过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、then等)。
(2)since+一段时间+ago
(3)since+从句
(4)It
is+一段时间+since从句
(5)since
when既可以引导特殊疑问句,也可以引导定语从句。
温馨提示
若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是终止性的过去式,则从句表示的时间是“从动作开始的那一时刻起”。若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态的动词的过去式,则从句表示的时间是“从那持续动作或状态结束时算起”。
-16-
7.split
vi.&vt.分割,(使)分开;撕开,割破
[教材原句]We
could
split
up
into
groups,and
come
at
different
times.我们可以分成不同的组,然后在不同的时间过来。(P57)
语境巧练
单句填空
①The
day
was
split
up
into
6
one-hour
sessions.
②She’s
split
up
with
her
boyfriend
because
of
different
characters.
③My
working
life
is
split
into
three
main
parts.
考点必记
split
(sb).up(把……)分成小组
split
up
into...分开(成几部分)
split
up
(with
sb)(和某人)断绝关系,分手
split
sth
between
sb/sth分摊;分享
-17-
8.put
through给某人接通(电话);使经历
[教材原句]OK,I
will
put
you
through
to
the
receptionist
and
she
can
take
down
your
details.好的,我帮你接通接待员的电话,她会记下你的详细情况。(P57)
-18-
语境巧练
完成句子
①Please
put
me
through
to
the
manager
(替我接通经理的电话).?
②You
have
put
your
family
through
a
lot
(让你的家人受苦了)
recently.?
③The
suggestion
you
put
forward
at
the
meeting
(你在会上提出的)
is
well
worth
considering.?
④A
fire
broke
out
in
the
neighboring
street
last
night
but
was
soon
put
out
(扑灭).?
⑤You
shouldn’t
miss
the
opportunity
to
see
the
play─it’s
rarely
put
on
(上演).?
⑥It
kept
raining.As
a
result,the
sports
meeting
had
to
be
put
off
till
the
next
week
(推迟到下周).?
-19-
考点必记
put
away将某物收拾起来;存钱,储存
put
down安置;镇压;放下
put
forward提出;建议;推荐
put
off延期,拖延
put
out扑灭,熄灭;扔掉;出版;生产
put
up挂起;张贴;举起;抬起;搭起;建立
put
up
with忍受,容忍
put
one’s
heart
into...全神贯注于……
put...to
use使用……,运用……
put
an
end
to...结束……
put...together把……放在一起
put
on上演;穿上;增加
-20-
9.reservation
n.预订,预约;保留意见
[教材原句]...but
you
need
to
make
reservations
in
advance.……但是你需要提前预订。(P59)
语境巧练
单句填空
①They
made
reservations
(reservation)at
restaurants
where
the
cost
of
a
bottle
of
wine
equaled
a
college
year’s
monthly
rent.
②To
my
surprise,they
accepted
the
proposal
without
reservation.
考点必记
(1)make
a
reservation预订
without
reservation毫无保留地
(2)reserve
v.
保留;贮备 n.储备(量);储藏(量)
reserve
sth
for
sb为某人准备某物
in
reserve备用
-21-
10.speed
up(使)加速
[教材原句]...this
has
speeded
up
travel
between
the
two
cities.……这加速了这两个城市之间的旅游。(P59)
语境巧练
单句填空
①The
new
government
has
speeded
(speed)
up
the
building
of
houses.
②Yesterday
Tom
was
driving
home
at
a
speed
of
150kph
when
he
was
stopped
by
a
policeman.He
was
fined
because
of
speeding
(speed).Therefore,on
the
rest
of
the
way,he
had
to
slow
down.
-22-
考点必记
at
high/low/full
speed以高/低/全速
at
a
speed
of...以……速度
with
all
speed尽快地
reduce
speed减速
pick
up
speed加速
-23-
11.departure
n.[C,U]离开,出发
n.[C]背离,违反
[教材原句]Check
timetables
for
departure
and
arrival
time.(列车的)到发时间,请参考时刻表。(P59)
语境巧练
单句填空
①They
have
received
no
news
of
him
since
his
departure
(depart)
from
the
island.
②And
as
you
know,on
Sunday
night,she
will
depart
for
Moscow.
③Her
approach
will
depart
from
normal
educational
practices.
考点必记
depart
v.离开;启程
depart
for
动身前往
depart
from
背离,违反
-24-
12.arise
vi.出现;产生
[教材原句]The
number
of
road
accidents
and
the
deaths
arising
from
those
accidents
has
increased
over
the
past
year.过去的一年,交通事故以及其导致的死亡人数不断攀升。(P62)
-25-
语境巧练
写出句中arise的含义
①Seeing
his
mother
return
home,the
boy
arose
from
his
chair
immediately.起身
②Some
unexpected
difficulties
have
arisen.出现
③Emotional
or
mental
problems
can
arise
from
a
physical
cause.
由……引起
用arise,rise或raise的适当形式填空
④One
of
the
problems
arising
from
the
present
economic
situation
is
that
the
price
is
rising
sharply;however,some
illegal
businessmen
raise
it
on
purpose.?
-26-
考点必记
arise
起床;起立;起身
arise
out
of/from
sth
(由……)引起;(由……)产生
易混辨析arise,rise与raise
-27-
13.完全倒装
[教材原句]Below
are
some
of
the
major
causes
of
road
accidents
in
connection
with
vehicles
such
as
cars,minibuses
and
lorries,and
what
drivers
should
do
to
prevent
them.以下是机动车如小汽车、小型巴士和货车引起道路交通事故的一些主要原因,以及司机为防止事故应采取的措施。(P62)
语境巧练
完成句子
①Into
the
complete
silence
of
the
waiting
class
came
the
teacher’s
sweet
voice
(传来了老师甜甜的嗓音),“Good
morning,children.”?
②Present
at
the
evening
party
was
our
favorable
English
teacher
(有我们喜欢的英语老师).?
-28-
③Buried
in
the
earth
was
a
jar
(埋在泥土里的是一个坛子)
with
lots
of
ancient
coins
in
it.?
④Into
the
dark
apartment
walked
David
(大卫走进了黑暗的公寓)
who
was
quite
surprised
when
everyone
shouted
Happy
Birthday.?
⑤Standing
beside
the
table
was
(站在桌旁的是)
his
wife.?
⑥By
the
window
sat
a
young
man
(窗户边坐着一个年轻人)
with
a
magazine
in
his
hand.?
⑦To
be
carefully
considered
are
(要仔细考虑的是)
the
following
questions.?
⑧Among
these
people
was
his
friend
(他的朋友在这些人当中)
Jim.?
-29-
考点必记
完全倒装的基本形式是“谓语+主语”,主要涉及以下几种类型:
(1)here/there类
当表示地点的here和there位于句首时,其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是系动词be和come,go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词。这类倒装句的主语只能是名词,若主语为代词,则不能倒装。
(2)away类
副词away,down,in,off,out,over,round,up等位于句首时,其后也用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常为表示动态的不及物动词。此类倒装句的主语只能是名词,若主语为代词,则不能倒装。
-30-
(3)状语或表语类
为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密,有时可将状语或表语置于句首,句中主语和谓语完全倒装。
(4)非谓语动词类
有时为了强调,可将谓语部分的动词-ing形式、过去分词或不定式置于句首,从而构成倒装。
-31-
14.it
is
up
to
sb
to
do
sth由某人决定做某事
[教材原句]It
is
up
to
all
of
us
road
users
to
make
sure
that
we
avoid
accidents
by
paying
attention
to
road
safety.靠注意道路安全来确保避免事故,这就取决于我们大家,即道路使用者。(P63)
语境巧练
完成句子
①The
children
are
quiet;I
wonder
what
they
are
up
to
(他们在捣什么鬼)!?
②It
is
up
to
you
to
decide
(由你决定)
whether
to
go
out
for
dinner
or
eat
at
home.?
③The
hall
can
hold
up
to
3,000
people
(达3000人).?
④The
No.5
bus
runs
up
to
9
o’clock
(到九点)
in
the
evening.?
⑤I
don’t
think
that
Michael
is
really
up
to
the
job
(真能胜任那份工作).?
-32-
考点必记
it
is
up
to
sb
to
do
sth意为“由某人决定做某事”
(1)(be)up
to常用来表示“做,从事”,相当于be
doing或be
busy
with。
(2)(be)up
to也常用来表示“取决于,由……做决定”。
(3)up
to还可表示程度或数量,表示“多达,达到”。
(4)up
to后接时间,表示“直到……时候”。
(5)up
to也可表示“能胜任”。
(6)up
to
now到目前为止。
-33-
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.It
can
be
concluded
from
the
passage
that
anyone
can
become
a
changemaker
if
he
tries
to
improve
social
conditions.
2.If
you
undertake
to
do
(do)
something,you
promise
that
you
will
do
it.?
3.In
my
view,new
architectural
(architect)
styles
can
exist
perfectly
well
alongside
an
older
style.
4.Not
only
can
the
environment
of
a
country
suffer
from
the
sudden
growth
(grow)
of
tourism.The
people
as
well
rapidly
feel
its
effects.
5.Often
this
earliest
form
of
advertising
involved
a
newly
arrived
ship
loaded
(load)
with
goods.
6.They
played
aggressively
(aggressive)
and
even
scored
a
goal.
-34-
7.Drunk
(drink)
driving,which
was
once
a
frequent
occurrence,is
now
under
control.
8.Time
is
precious
for
us
students,so
in
my
opinion,making
a
suitable
timetable
is
necessary
and
important
for
us
to
make
good
use
of
our
time.
9.When
you
want
to
get
somewhere
as
fast
as
possible,they
will
speed
up
and
you
will
have
a
sense
of
flying.
10.Understanding
your
own
needs
and
styles
of
communication
is
as
important
as
learning
to
convey
(convey)
your
affection
and
emotions.
-35-
Ⅱ.短语填空
turn
up,decide
on,put
off,in
advance,apply
to
1.Decide
on
a
new
course
and
make
one
decision
at
a
time.?
2.The
old
rules
have
to
be
revised
because
they
only
applied
to
the
circumstances
that
existed
when
they
were
made
a
hundred
years
ago.?
3.This
meeting
room
is
a
non-smoking
area.I
would
like
to
warn
you
in
advance
that
if
you
smoked
here
you
would
be
fined.?
4.Don’t
worry.I’m
sure
your
missing
glasses
will
turn
up
sooner
or
later.?
5.It’s
still
a
silly
idea
to
put
off
doing
something
until
a
future
time.
-36-
Ⅲ.单句改错
1.With
time
went
on,Mary
grows
more
and
more
impatient.
went→going
2.We
come
a
week
ago,since
when
the
weather
has
been
bad.
come→came
3.Unfortunate,he
lost
his
legs
and
left
arm
in
a
tragic
accident,leaving
only
a
finger
and
thumb
on
his
right
hand.
Unfortunate→Unfortunately
4.He
brought
out
a
hand
of
sample
wheat.
hand→handful
5.Not
only
does
he
turn
up
late,but
he
also
forgot
his
books.
does→did
6.Several
new
companies
arises
in
our
city
last
year.
arises→arose
-37-
Ⅳ.话题微写作
写作内容提示
1.随着社会的发展,人们的出行方式也变得多样化,如打的、乘坐有轨电车、地铁或飞机等。(travelling)
2.私家车的大量增加加剧了交通堵塞。(traffic
jam)
3.司机开车时,不能喝酒。(drunk)
4.要礼让骑车的人和行人。(cyclist)
5.对待违反交通规则的司机,不能只是罚款了事。(fine,violate)
连句成文(参考上述提示,通过合理想象整合成一篇短文)
-38-
With
the
development
of
society,people
have
various
ways
of
travelling,such
as
by
cab,tram,subway
or
plane.The
sharp
increase
of
private
cars
is
causing
more
and
more
traffic
jams.
Drivers
are
not
supposed
to
get
drunk.What’s
more,drivers
should
make
way
for
cyclists
and
pedestrians.The
traffic
police
shouldn’t
just
fine
the
drivers
who
violate
the
traffic
rules.限时规范练38
模块7
Unit
4
Public
transport
核心素养关键词:培养学生人与社会、健康旅游的思维意识
一、阅读理解
A
Ya
Ting
had
taken
me
under
her
wing
after
hearing
me
speaking
Chinese
in
a
hotel
in
Lijiang.She
had
been
hitchhiking
(搭便车旅行)
around
China
for
months.She
invited
me
to
travel
with
her,which
was
how
we
ended
up
on
the
side
of
the
road
looking
for
a
ride
to
the
Tiger
Leaping
Gorge.Within
20
minutes,we
had
our
first
ride.The
driver
couldn’t
take
us
all
the
way
and
ended
up
dropping
us
at
a
freeway
crossroads.As
a
new
hitchhiker,I
thought
that
would
be
the
end
of
our
luck,but
almost
immediately
we
got
another
ride.
Our
most
unforgettable
ride
was
when
a
twenty-something
kid
picked
us
up.He
couldn’t
take
us
the
whole
way
so
his
uncle
bought
us
lunch
and
a
bus
ticket
for
the
rest
of
the
journey.He
felt
it
was
his
duty
to
help
us
find
a
way
to
complete
our
trip.It
brought
tears
of
joy
and
thankfulness
to
my
eyes.This
was
the
first
time
I
understood
how
guests
are
respected
in
China.
A
few
weeks
later,we
said
goodbye.I
thought
we
had
been
so
lucky
because
we
had
been
a
local
and
a
foreigner
traveling
together.But
now
Ya
Ting
was
no
longer
around
to
do
the
talking,nor
did
I
have
someone
to
depend
on
if
something
went
wrong.When
I
stood
by
a
highway
in
Sichuan,I
knew
all
about
the
difficulties
before
me.Now
I
was
just
a
strange
foreigner
on
her
own
who
suddenly
had
to
manage
with
poor
Chinese.
After
about
30
minutes,a
couple
picked
me
up
and
took
me
the
whole
eight
hours
to
Chengdu.We
ate
lunch
on
the
way,and
they
refused
to
allow
me
to
pay
for
any
of
it,which
I
had
come
to
learn
was
typical
of
Chinese
culture.This
made
me
believe
that
people
weren’t
being
friendly
because
of
Ya
Ting.
1.What
do
the
author
and
Ya
Ting
have
in
common?
A.They
both
are
hitchhikers.
B.They
both
are
foreigners.
C.They
both
live
in
Lijiang.
D.They
both
speak
Chinese
well.
2.What
can
we
learn
about
the
author’s
trip
to
the
Tiger
Leaping
Gorge?
A.It
was
rather
tiring.
B.It
was
very
smooth.
C.It
was
full
of
danger.
D.It
was
heart-breaking.
3.What
was
the
main
cause
of
the
author’s
difficulties
mentioned
in
Paragraph
3?
A.She
lost
her
way.
B.She
had
little
money
left.
C.She
was
unable
to
find
her
friend.
D.She
was
a
lone
foreign
traveler
in
China.
4.What
did
the
couple
do
when
taking
the
author
to
Chengdu?
A.They
dropped
her
halfway.
B.They
lent
her
some
money.
C.They
offered
her
a
free
lunch.
D.They
taught
her
about
Chinese
culture.
B
Charles
Darwin
lived
an
unusually
quiet
life.In
1842,Darwin
and
his
wife
Emma
moved
from
London
to
Kent
in
southern
England
to
have
as
little
disturbance
(烦扰)
as
possible.They
already
had
two
children
then,and
would
go
on
to
have
eight
more
in
the
country.
Darwin
had
very
regular
habits.He
rose
early
and
went
for
a
walk.After
breakfast
he
worked
in
his
study
until
9:30
am,his
most
productive
time
of
the
day,and
then
read
his
letters
lying
on
the
sofa
before
returning
to
work.
At
midday
he
would
go
for
another
walk
with
his
dog,stopping
at
his
greenhouse
to
inspect
his
experiments.Then
he
would
go
for
another
walk
around
an
area
of
woodland.While
walking
on
his
“thinking
path”,Darwin
would
consider
his
unsolved
scientific
problems.
After
lunch
he
read
the
newspaper
and
wrote
letters.His
network
of
friends
provided
information
from
all
corners
of
the
world.
The
Darwins
were
not
very
strict
parents
and
the
children
were
always
seen
running
wild.Their
father
worked
patiently
with
a
background
of
playful
shouts
and
little
footsteps
walking
past
his
study
door.
After
dinner
Darwin
played
backgammon
(a
game
for
two
people
to
play)
with
his
wife.He
once
wrote,“Now
the
result
with
my
wife
in
backgammon
stands
like
this:she...has
won
only
2,490
games,while
I
have
won,hurrah
(a
cheer
of
joy
or
victory),hurrah,2,795
games!”
Although
he
had
poor
health,Darwin
continued
to
publish
a
lot
of
creative
works
until
his
final
book
in
1881.He
died
the
following
year,aged
73.
Rather
than
a
quiet
space
in
the
local
churchyard,which
he
called
“the
sweetest
place
on
Earth”,Darwin
was
given
a
state
funeral
(国葬)
in
London’s
Westminster
Abbey.
5.Why
did
the
Darwins
move
to
Kent?
A.To
do
more
experiments.
B.To
cut
their
cost
of
living.
C.To
enjoy
more
peacefulness.
D.To
be
together
with
their
children.
6.What
did
Darwin
do
every
day?
A.He
studied
in
the
woods.
B.He
started
to
work
at
9:30
am.
C.He
wrote
letters
in
the
morning.
D.He
examined
his
experiments.
7.What
did
Darwin’s
children
probably
think
of
him?
A.Strict.
B.Sweet.
C.Cold.
D.Brave.
8.What
is
this
text
mainly
about?
A.Darwin’s
personal
life.
B.Darwin’s
large
family.
C.Darwin’s
scientific
achievements.
D.Darwin’s
unusual
state
funeral.
二、完形填空
The
Silver
Line,created
this
year,is
a
free,24
hours
telephone
helpline.It
offers
information,friendship
and
advice
to
1 people.?
“It’s
often
easier
to
speak
to
a 2 ,and
nice
to
know
you
can
3 day
or
night,”
says
Bolton,who
has
no
family
nearby.She
called
the
helpline
after
it
was
4 by
others.?
New
figures
show
that
August
was
the
charity’s 5 month,receiving
more
than
45,000
calls.Summer
can
be
a(n)
6 time
for
those
left
behind
during
the
holiday
season, 7 familiar
faces
are
away
for
holidays,from
the
shopkeeper
to
the
bus
driver
or
even
family
members.Two-thirds
of
calls
are
8 at
night-time
and
weekends,when
no
other
services
are 9 .?
84
percent
of
older
people
say
it
is
very
difficult
to 10 loneliness,even
to
members
of
their
11 because
they
do
not
wish
to
become
a
“burden”.?
A
recent
study
found
that
almost
three-quarters
of
older
people
in
the
UK
are 12 ,and
more
than
half
have
13 spoken
to
anyone
about
how
they
feel.?
People
can
call
the
Silver
Line 14 ,or
be
referred
by
a
relative
or
other
helplines.Helpline
staff
try
to
learn
callers’ 15 first
and
then
suggest
information
or
16 voluntary
support,aiming
to
reconnect
them
with
their
communities.?
“For
a
charity,trying
to
gain
donations
from
the
public
is
a 17 task,”
says
Sophie
Andrews,chief
leader
of
the
Silver
Line,“Older
people
are
regarded
as
being
responsible
for
economic
fall.”
To
18 this,Andrews
wants
a
greater
understanding
of
their
mental
health
19 :“Being
older
means
you
are
still
exposed
to
mental
health
issues,but
your
ability
to
change
your
situation
is
20 .”?
1.A.disabled
B.homeless
C.poor
D.older
2.A.neighbor
B.stranger
C.friend
D.doctor
3.A.come
B.talk
C.call
D.visit
4.A.mentioned
B.served
C.ignored
D.blamed
5.A.happiest
B.busiest
C.hottest
D.worst
6.A.difficult
B.meaningful
C.unforgettable
D.relaxing
7.A.if
B.or
C.when
D.though
8.A.missed
B.paid
C.canceled
D.received
9.A.standard
B.official
C.useful
D.available
10.A.avoid
B.recover
from
C.admit
to
D.value
11.A.family
B.hospital
C.charity
D.team
12.A.healthy
B.wealthy
C.lonely
D.unfortunate
13.A.ever
B.never
C.often
D.sometimes
14.A.early
B.freely
C.directly
D.frequently
15.A.needs
B.interests
C.jobs
D.habits
16.A.private
B.widespread
C.local
D.international
17.A.simple
B.hard
C.dangerous
D.pleasant
18.A.change
B.support
C.know
D.find
19.A.suggestions
B.examinations
C.plans
D.experiences
20.A.doubted
B.developed
C.proved
D.reduced
三、短文改错
I
was
grateful
that
my
mother
pointed
out
one
of
my
faults
yesterday.Wherever
I
saw
my
friend
owned
something
I
liked,I
will
ask
my
mother
to
buy
it
for
me.Every
time
my
request
turned
down,I
played
the
same
trick,threaten
to
leave
home.My
mother
gave
up
each
time
I
threatened
to
do
that.Therefore,she
was
very
angry
last
night.She
blamed
me
for
not
being
considerable
and
asked
me
to
rethink
our
own
behavior.I
couldn’t
believe
my
mother
would
be
so
angry
with
me
and
I
grew
frightening.I
learned
a
good
lesson
and
changed
a
lot
afterwards.I
was
thankful
that
my
mother
made
me
to
realize
my
mistakes.
限时规范练38(模块七 Unit4)
一、【篇章导读】本文是记叙文。文章叙述了一名外国女士描述她在中国搭便车旅行的经历。
1.A 细节理解题。由第一段中作者对YaTing的描述“ShehadbeenhitchhikingaroundChinaformonths.”和对她自己的描述“Asanewhitchhiker...”可知,她俩都是搭便车旅行者。
2.B 推理判断题。由作者在前两段描述她们去虎跳峡搭便车的经历“Within20minutes,wehadourfirstride...almostimmediatelywegotanotherride.Ourmostunforgettableride...”可知,作者和YaTing很幸运地搭上便车到达虎跳峡。由此可推断,她们的这趟旅行很顺利。
3.D 细节理解题。由第三段中的“NowIwasjustastrangeforeigneronherownwhosuddenlyhadtomanagewithpoorChinese.”可知,与YaTing分手后,作者面临的困难是:她是一名独自在中国搭便车旅行的外国人。
4.C 细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Weatelunchontheway,andtheyrefusedtoallowmetopayforanyofit...”可知,这对中国夫妇免费请作者吃了顿午饭。
【篇章导读】本文是记叙文。文章描述了英国著名科学家达尔文宁静的个人生活。
5.C 推理判断题。由第一段中的“movedfromLondontoKentinsouthernEnglandtohaveaslittledisturbanceaspossible”可知,达尔文夫妇搬家是为了免受外界的打扰,以享受更多的宁静。
6.D 细节理解题。由第三段中的“Atmiddayhewouldgoforanotherwalkwithhisdog,stoppingathisgreenhousetoinspecthisexperiments.”可知,达尔文每天会去查看实验的进展情况。
7.B 推理判断题。由第五段中的“Theirfatherworkedpatientlywithabackgroundofplayfulshoutsandlittlefootstepswalkingpasthisstudydoor.”可推知,在孩子们眼里,父亲达尔文应该很温和。
8.A 主旨大意题。首段第一句即文章主旨句“CharlesDarwinlivedanunusuallyquietlife。”本文描写了英国著名科学家达尔文宁静的个人生活。
二、【篇章导读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一个为老年人服务的热线电话。
1.D 根据下文中多处出现的olderpeople可知,这个热线电话主要是为“老年人(olderpeople)”服务的。
2.B 根据下文中“theydonotwishtobecomea‘burden’”和Helplinestaff可知,老年人不愿意成为家人的负担,反而觉得和“陌生人(stranger)”聊天更容易一些。
3.C 根据下文中的calledthehelpline可知,不管白天黑夜都可以给这个热线服务“打电话(call)”。
4.A 根据语境可知,有人“提到过(mentioned)”这个热线电话后,Bolton便给这个热线打电话。
5.B 根据下文中的“receivingmorethan45,000calls”可知,八月份是这个慈善机构“最忙的(busiest)”一个月。
6.A 根据文中的“thoseleftbehindduringtheholidayseason”和“familiarfacesareawayforholidays”可知,八月份对于这些留守的老年人来说“很艰难(difficult)”,因为每当“这时(when)”人们都去度假了,留下老年人们孤零零的。
7.C
8.D 根据上文中的“24hourstelephonehelpline”可知,这个热线服务电话是全天候服务的,很多电话在半夜或周末“打进来(received)”。
9.D 根据上文中的“atnight-timeandweekends”和“nootherservices”可知,没有任何其他服务在半夜和周末是“可获得的(available)”。
10.C 根据句中的“theydonotwishtobecomea‘burden’”可知,老年人不愿意“承认(admitto)”自己的孤独,不想成为负担,甚至对自己的“家人(family)”也不愿意说。
11.A
12.C 根据上文中的loneliness可知,老年人很“孤单(lonely)”。
13.B 根据上文中的“donotwishtobecomea‘burden’”和loneliness可知,很多老年人“从来没有(never)”和别人说过他们的感受。
14.C 根据下文中的“orbereferredbyarelativeorotherhelplines”可知,老年人可以“直接(directly)”拨打热线服务电话,或由其他热线电话转接。
15.A 根据下文中的“andthensuggestinformation”可知,热线电话工作人员首先要了解打电话求助者的“需求(needs)”,然后才给出建议。
16.C 根据下文中的“reconnectthemwiththeircommunities”可知,工作人员会向求助者提供信息或者“当地的(local)”志愿服务,将他们与自己所在的社区联系起来。
17.B 根据下文中的“Olderpeopleareregardedasbeingresponsibleforeconomicfall”可知,公众对老年人的处境并不理解,这使得慈善机构获得社会基金的支持是一项很“艰难(hard)”的任务。
18.A 根据下文中的“wantsagreaterunderstandingoftheirmentalhealth”可知,Andrews想“改变(change)”这一现状。
19.D 根据下文中的“Beingoldermeans...”可知,Andrews呼吁人们理解老年人的“经历(experiences)”。
20.D 根据上文中的“youarestillexposedtomentalhealthissues,butyourability...”可知,衰老意味着仍然存在心理健康问题,但改变这一状况的能力却“下降了(reduced)”。
三、第二句:Wherever→Whenever;will→would
第三句:request后加was;threaten→threatening
第四句:up→in
第五句:Therefore→However
第六句:considerable→considerate;our→my
第七句:frightening→frightened
第九句:去掉to
1
