(共23张PPT)
Unit
4 Helping
people
around
the
world
(主题语境:人与自我——做人与做事)
-2-
在记忆中求准确
在语境中求熟练 Practice
makes
perfect.
必背表达单词——写作信手拈来
1.lack
n.&
vt.
缺乏
2.description
n.描写(文字),形容,说明
3.political
adj.政治的;政府的
4.worthy
adj.令人敬重的;值得的,相称的;有价值的
5.addition
n.增加;添加
6.equal
adj.平等的;同等的;n.同等的人;相等物;vt.与……相同或相等
7.voluntary
adj.志愿的;自愿的,主动的
8.contribute
vt.&vi. 捐献,捐赠,捐助;贡献;促成;导致
9.acquire
vt.购得;获得,得到
10.expand
vi.&
vt.
扩展,发展(业务);扩大,增强
11.worthwhile
adj.重要的;令人愉快的;值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)
-3-
12.urgent
adj.紧急的,紧迫的
13.starvation
n.饥饿;挨饿;饿死
14.fetch
vt.售得,卖得(某价);取来,去拿来
15.possession
n.个人财产;拥有,具有
16.means
n.手段,方法
17.obtain
vt.(尤指经努力)获得;赢得
18.container
n.容器;集装箱
19.troublesome
adj.麻烦的,讨厌的,棘手的
20.wage
n.(通常指按周领的)工资
21.commitment
n.承诺,保证;投入,奉献;不得不做的事
22.colleague
n.同事
23.assistant
n.助理,助手
adj.助理的,副的
24.remind
vt.提醒,使想起
25.crowd
n.人群
vi.&
vt.挤满,塞满,使拥挤
-4-
识记阅读单词——读文理解通畅
1.running
water
n.自来水
2.ambassador
n.大使
3.Goodwill
Ambassador
n.亲善大使
4.victim
n.受害者
5.AIDS
n. 艾滋病(Acquired
Immune
Deficiency
Syndrome的缩写,获得性免疫缺陷综合征)
6.boil
vt.&vi.沸腾,煮沸;烹煮
7.carpet
n.地毯
8.wool
n.(羊等的)绒,毛
9.export
n.出口产品,输出品;出口,输出
10.alternative
adj.可供替代的
n.可供选择的事物
11.remote
adj.偏远的,偏僻的
-5-
12.mountainous
adj.多山的
13.primitive
adj.原始的
14.heating
n.供暖;供暖系统,暖气设备
15.well
n.井,水井
16.chaos
n.混乱,杂乱,紊乱
17.vacant
adj.空着的,未被占用的;(职位)空缺的
18.muddy
adj.多泥的,泥泞的
19.damp
adj.潮湿的
20.bacteria
n.(pl.)细菌
21.shelter
n.住所;藏身之处
22.staff
n.全体员工
23.barrier
n.障碍,隔阂;屏障,障碍物
24.interpreter
n.口译工作者,口译译员
25.angle
n.角度
-6-
『语用规律归纳』
1.“人物关系”高频名词一览
friend朋友
company
伙伴
colleague同事
deskmate
同桌
classmate同学
2.“经济生活”单词小结
purchase
vt.购买
distribute
vt.分发;分配;分布
import
vt.进口;输入
export
vt.&vi.出口;输出
invest
vt.&vi.投资
bid
vt.出价;投标
compete
vi.竞争
-7-
3.“带来,拿走”的那些词
bring指“从别处把东西或人带来”“拿来”
take指“把东西带走或拿走”
fetch指“到别处去把某人或某物带来或拿来”
get是常用词,多用于口语,与fetch
同义
carry指“随身携带(不说明固定方向)”,有时含有“负担”的意思
4.“扩展”词汇全接触
spread
v.扩展;蔓延;传播
enlarge
v.扩大;放大
expand
v.扩展;扩张;膨胀
extend
v.延伸;扩大
-8-
5.“值得”知多少
worth
adj.值……钱
worthy
adj.值得的
worthwhile
adj.值得的
deserve
v.值得;应受;该得
6.trouble用法复习
in
trouble有麻烦;处于困难中
have
trouble(in)doing
sth/with
sth做某事有困难
get
into/out
of
trouble陷入/摆脱困境(表动作)
take
the
trouble
to
do
sth不怕费事或困难尽力做某事
ask/look
for
trouble自找麻烦;自讨苦吃
-9-
7.starve用法大全
starve
for
sth急需,渴望
starve
to
death饿死
8.由possess想到的
possession拥有
admission承认
permission许可
impression印象
-10-
『构织连脉词族』
1.description
n.描写(文字),形容,说明→describe
vt.描述,形容
2.political
adj.政治的,政府的→politics
n.政治,政治学
3.worthy
adj.令人敬重的;值得的;相称的;有价值的
→worthwhile
adj.重要的;令人愉快的;值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)
4.equal
adj.平等的;同等的
n.平等的人;相等物
vt.与……相同或相等→equality
n.平等→equally
adv.平等地
5.voluntary
adj.志愿的;自愿的,主动的→volunteer
n.志愿者
6.contribute
vt.&vi.捐献,捐赠,捐助;贡献;促成,导致
→contribution
n.贡献,捐献,投稿
7.acquire
vt.购得;获得,得到→acquisition
n.获得,获得物
8.expand
vi.&
vt.扩展,发展(业务);扩大,增强
→expansion
n.膨胀,扩张
-11-
9.urgent
adj.紧急的,紧迫的→urgency
n.紧急,紧迫
10.starvation
n.饥饿;挨饿;饿死→starve
v.挨饿,饿死
11.possession
n.个人财产;拥有,具有→possess
vt.控制,拥有
12.troublesome
adj.麻烦的,讨厌的,棘手的→trouble
n.&v.麻烦
13.crowd
n.人群 vi.&
vt.挤满,塞满,使拥挤→crowded
adj.拥挤的
14.remind
vt.提醒,使想起→reminder
n.提醒物
-12-
『语境活用』
1.What
was
troubling
(烦恼)
her
was
that
she
felt
she
was
not
worthy
to
accept
(接受)the
honour
they
had
offered
her.
2.He
is
a
volunteer
for
the
Asian
Games,always
volunteering
to
do
some
voluntary
jobs.(volunteer)
3.The
volunteers
contributed
huge
amounts
of
their
time
to
the
project.
Dr.
Win
was
a
major
contributor
to
the
project
and
he
made
a
great
contribution.(contribute)
4.They
used
up
all
the
money
they
possessed
so
they
packed
the
remaining
possessions
into
the
trunk
and
were
ready
to
leave.(possess)
5.When
there
is
an
urgency
in
the
building,the
most
urgent
thing
in
a
fire
is
to
make
sure
everyone
is
out
of
the
building.(urge)
-13-
从表面理解到深层延伸
从拓展中抓其规律 Observation
is
the
best
teacher.
1.make
up组成,打扮,弥补
2.refer
to谈及,提到;与……相关,涉及;查阅,参考
3.remind
sb
of
让某人想起……,提醒某人……
4.make
a
difference有作用(关系、影响)
5.in
addition除……以外(还),此外
6.be
forced
to
do
sth被迫做某事
7.under
the
umbrella
of
在……的保护下,在……的管理下
8.donate
money
to
charities向慈善结构捐款
9.be
decorated
with用……装饰
10.with
the
help/aid
of
在……的帮助下
-14-
11.得到;抓住
get
hold
of
12.成立,建立
set
up
13.出故障;抛锚;打破
break
down
14.回想
think
back
to
15.捐献……
contribute...to...
16.但愿
if
only
17.使(某人)察觉到
draw
someone’s
attention
to
18.给……做个简单介绍
give...a
short
description
19.在网上查……
look...up
on
the
website
20.处于混乱状态
in
chaos
-15-
『语用规律归纳』
“under”短语看过来
under
discussion在讨论中
under
pressure在压力下
under
the
control
of受……控制,受……管辖
under
way进行中,在行进
under
the
circumstances在这种情况下
under
no
circumstances决不
under
attack受到攻击,遭到破坏
under
consideration在考虑中
under
investigation在调查中
under
one’s
guidance
在……指导下
under
repair在修理中
under
review在检查中
-16-
『语境活用』
1.Study
the
example
and
refer
to
the
explanation
below.
2.There
is,in
addition,one
further
point
to
make.
3.Attempts
must
be
made
to
break
down
the
barriers
of
fear
and
hostility
which
divide
the
two
communities.
4.It’s
almost
impossible
to
get
hold
of
tickets
for
the
final.
5.Mary,I
reminded
John
of
his
promise
to
help
you.
-17-
从教材中探求高考脉动
从仿写中熟练运用 Nothing
is
impossible
for
a
willing
heart.
『领悟教材语境』
1.This
land
was
difficult
to
farm
but
now
water
has
been
pumped
into
the
fields.
(Page
49)
[考点提炼]“sth+be+adj.+to
do”句式,不定式主动形式表被动意义
2.As
you
know,
the
UN
touches
the
lives
of
people
everywhere.
(Page
50)
[考点提炼]as
you
know“众所周知”,as
引导非限制性定语从句
3.I
would
rather
you
hadn’t
told
me
about
it.
(Page
56)
[考点提炼]would
rather
“宁愿,更喜欢”,后接从句时,从句用虚拟语气
-18-
4.If
only
there
were
more
people
donating
money
to
charities!
(Page
57)
[考点提炼]if
only“但愿,要是……就好了”,常引导虚拟语气条件句或感叹句
5.It
seems
that
many
people
here
just
need
to
talk,so
I
am
finding
that
my
job
is
not
limited
to
being
a
nurse.
(Page
63)
[考点提炼]It
seems
that...“仿佛,好像……”
-19-
『高考写作情景』
1.我觉得这个问题很难回答。
I
feel
that
the
question
is
difficult
to
answer.
2.据报道,吸烟者的数量在一年内就下降了17%。
The
number
of
smokers,
as
is
reported,has
dropped
by
17
percent
in
just
one
year.
3.我宁愿他现在就回家——他真的很烦人。
I
would
rather(that)he
went
home
now—he
is
really
boring.
4.要是我再有一次机会就好了。
If
only
I
had
another
chance.
5.这个问题似乎很容易处理。
It
seems
that
the
problem
is
easy
to
deal
with.
-20-
旧材新用
探究根源 Kill
two
birds
with
one
stone.
『主题与语篇填空』
The
UN
1.was
founded
(found)in
October
1945
by
51
countries,
with
192
countries
altogether
now.It
has
four
main
functions
and
2.touches
(touch)the
lives
of
people
everywhere.The
organization
is
helping
end
some
of
the
world’s
most
3.horrible
(horror)conflicts.
Apart
from
the
urgent
problems
4.caused
(cause)by
wars
and
conflicts,
the
UN
helps
countries
with
other
problems
such
as
lack
of
5.education
(educate),starvation,disasters,AIDS
and
other
diseases.
-21-
As
a
Goodwill
Ambassador
for
the
UN,I
visit
countries
6.where
the
UN
has
programmes
to
help
people.Recently,I
travelled
to
South
Africa
7.fortunately
(fortunate).Some
women
there
have
organized
8.themselves
(they)into
a
group.They
9.collect
(collection)some
money
from
each
member
and
the
government
to
acquire
materials
to
make
baskets.They
then
sell
these
for
a
profit
with
which
their
group
can
expand
and
maybe
set
up
a
shop.
10.With
the
work
of
the
UN
the
world
has
been
brought
closer
together.
-22-
『主题与短文改错』
One
of
the
major
problems
faced
the
children
living
in
this
remote
mountainous
area
is
poor.There
is
little
money
coming
to
their
families
and
often
they
cannot
afford
purchase
important
things
like
medicine.
Health
care
is
limiting
as
there
are
no
doctors
or
nurses
in
the
villages
—
no
one
has
the
mean
to
pay
them.Conditions
can
be
primitive.The
trees
around
the
villages
is
gone,because
people
have
to
walk
further
and
further
away
to
obtain
wood
for
cooking
and
heating.
Water
is
also
a
constant
problem.Some
villages
do
not
have
a
well
and
pump,so
they
have
to
fetch
the
water
from
miles
away.Wells
need
to
be
dug
and
pumps
need
to
be
put
in
to
pump
water
into
some
of
the
villages.However,if
the
pump
breaks
up,repairing
them
can
be
troublesome,as
an
engineer
has
to
come
from
the
nearest
town
to
repair
it.
-23-(共41张PPT)
Unit
4 Helping
people
around
the
world
(主题语境:人与自我——做人与做事)
-2-
1.lack
vt.(所需事物的)缺乏,短缺;没有(某事物)
n.缺少,不足
[教材原句]When
there
is
a
lack
of
food,there
is
hunger.缺少食物,就会有饥饿。(P49)
语境巧练
单句填空
①It
lacks
(lack)
the
power
of
the
Italian
cars.
②Despite
his
lack
of
experience,he
got
the
job.
③Many
associations
are
breaking
up
for
lack
of
money.
④Why
did
the
clay
pot
show
the
author’s
lack
of
artistic
ability?
⑤She
is
lacking
in
confidence
when
delivering
a
speech
in
public.
-3-
考点必记
(1)lack+n.缺乏……
lack
for+n.(多用于否定句中)需要;需求
(2)for
lack
of+n.因缺乏……
a
lack
of+n.缺乏……
no
lack
of不缺乏
(3)be
lacking
in
sth不足;缺乏
用法点拨
lack不用于被动语态。
-4-
2.主语+be+形容词+不定式
[教材原句]This
land
was
difficult
to
farm
but
now
water
has
been
pumped
into
the
fields.这块地过去难以耕种,但现在水已经被抽进了地里。(P49)
语境巧练
单句填空
①Many
bad
habits
can
be
especially
difficult
to
correct
(correct).?
②The
house
is
comfortable
to
live
(live)
in.?
③The
boy
who
was
missing
in
the
supermarket
yesterday
is
hard
to
look
for.
-5-
考点必记
“主语+be+形容词+动词不定式”是一个固定句型。该句型中常用的形容词有difficult,easy,hard,light,heavy,nice,pleasant,comfortable,interesting,expensive等;用动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。若动词是一个不及物动词,要加上合适的介词。
-6-
3.refer
to
谈及,提到;与……相关,涉及;查阅,参考
[教材原句]I
am
pleased
to
have
this
chance
today
to
talk
to
you
about
the
United
Nations,or
the
UN,as
it
is
more
often
referred
to.我很高兴今天有机会同大家谈一谈联合国的情况,联合国也被称为UN——这个名称更常用。(P50)
语境巧练
单句填空
①In
his
speech,he
referred
to
a
recent
trip
to
Canada.
②Our
economy
is
referred
to
as
a
free
market.
③In
reference
(refer)
to
your
question
about
cost,the
tickets
for
the
film
are
35
yuan
each.
④The
result
of
the
research
is
for
reference
only.
⑤If
the
pet
is
not
removed,the
student
is
referred
(refer)
to
the
Student
Court.?
-7-
考点必记
(1)refer
to
sb/sth
as/to
be...将某人/某物称为……
(2)reference
n.提及,涉及;参考
a
reference
book参考书,工具书
with/in
reference
to关于,有关
for
reference以备查阅
(3)refer
v.提到,涉及,将某人(物)送交至……
写作佳句
Mr
White
referred
his
success
to
his
hard
work.怀特先生说他的成功是靠勤劳工作而获得的。
-8-
4.worthy
adj.令人敬重的;值得的,相称的;有价值的
[教材原句]With
the
help
of
these
armies
and
other
worthy
organizations,the
UN
assists
the
victims
of
wars
and
disasters.在这些军队和其他令人敬重的机构的帮助之下,联合国帮助那些战争和灾害的受害者。(P50)
语境巧练
用worth,worthwhile,worthy填空
①The
factory
is
worth
visiting.
②The
factory
is
worthy
of
a
visit.
③The
factory
is
worthy
of
being
visited/to
be
visited.
④It’s
worthwhile
visiting
the
factory.
⑤This
may
surprise
you,but
one
of
the
best
tools
for
making
cooking
worth
your
time
is
experimentation.
-9-
考点必记
(1)be
worthy
of
sth/of
being
done/to
be
done值得(做)某事
(2)worthwhile
adj.重要的;令人愉快的;值得花时间或花钱、努力(等)的
It’s
worthwhile
to
do/doing
sth值得做某事
(3)worth
adj.值得的;值……钱的 n.价值
be
worth+n.值得……,值……
be
worth
doing
sth值得做某事
-10-
5.equal
adj.平等的;同等的 n.同等的人;相等物
[教材原句]In
addition,the
UN
helps
protect
human
rights
and
works
to
improve
international
laws,for
example,those
on
child
labour
and
on
equal
rights
for
minorities
and
women.另外,联合国帮助保护人权和致力于改善国际法规,比如:有关童工和少数民族和妇女的平等等。(P50)
-11-
语境巧练
单句填空
①None
of
us
can
equal(=
be
equal
to
)her,either
in
beauty
or
as
a
dancer.?
②The
film
demands
attention,and
has
no
equal(=is
without
equal
)in
cinema
history.?
③Success
doesn’t
only
depend
on
what
you
do.What
you
don’t
do
is
equally
(equal)important.
④When
it
comes
to
the
art
of
war,ants
have
no
equal
(equal).
-12-
考点必记
(1)be
equal
to等于
the
equal
of与……相等;和……匹敌
equal
treatment/rights平等对待/权利
equal
opportunity机会均等
equal
pay
(男女)同工同酬
have
no
equal=be
without
equal无与伦比
(2)equally
adv.同样地;相等地,平等地
equality
n.平等;相等
racial
equality种族平等
-13-
6.draw
someone’s
attention
to使(某人)察觉到
[教材原句]In
addition,my
visits
will
encourage
people
working
on
the
projects
and
draw
local
people’s
attention
to
the
situation.另外,我的到来将会鼓励人们致力于这项工程,吸引当地人们对形势的关注。(P51)
语境巧练
单句填空
①Uses
of
Prezi
in
listening
and
speaking
courses
draw
students’
(student)
attention
to
speaking
more
fluently.
②I
tried
not
to
draw
their
attention
to
the
weak
points
in
my
argument.
-14-
考点必记
focus/centre/fix
one’s
attention
on把注意力集中在……
attract/draw/catch
one’s
attention吸引某人的注意力
bring
sth
to
one’s
attention引起某人注意某事
温馨提示
draw
attention
to
短语中的to
是介词,后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式做宾语。
-15-
7.contribute
vt.&vi.捐献,捐赠,捐助;贡献;促成,导致
[教材原句]They
collect
approximately
1.35
yuan
per
day
from
each
member
and
add
it
to
some
money
contributed
by
the
government.他们每天向每个成员筹集1.35元,然后加入政府贡献的款项中。
(P51)
语境巧练
单句填空
①The
headmaster
contributed
to
a
newspaper
to
praise
the
lady’s
generous
contribution
to
the
school.(contribute)
写出句子中contribute的含义
②We’re
not
saying
that
everyone
needs
to
contribute
their
lives
to
the
poor.贡献
③All
the
people
in
our
school
contributed
something
to
the
disaster
areas.捐献
④She
contributed
a
number
of
articles
to
the
magazine.撰稿
-16-
考点必记
(1)contribute
sth
to...把……捐献给……;给……投稿
contribute
to为……做出贡献;有助于;导致
(2)contributor
n.贡献者
contribution
n.捐献;贡献;投稿
make
a
contribution/contributions
to对……做出贡献
名师点津
contribute
to
“有助于”后接名词、代词或动词-ing做宾语,不能用动词原形,
因为此处to为介词。
-17-
8.acquire
vt.购得;获得,得到
[教材原句]With
this,the
women
have
enough
money
to
acquire
materials
to
make
baskets.有了这笔钱,女人们就有了足够的钱来获得做篮子的材料。(P51)
语境巧练
单句填空
①To
acquire
(acquire)a
good
knowledge
of
English,he
gave
up
his
job
and
went
to
study
in
an
English
school.?
②He
is
a
valuable
acquisition
(acquire)
to
the
team.He
is
a
good
teacher.
-18-
考点必记
(1)acquire
sth学会,获得
acquire
a
habit
of...养成……的习惯
acquire
a
taste
for...开始喜欢上……
(2)acquisition
n.取得,获得,习得;获得物
-19-
9.would
rather...宁愿……
[教材原句]I
would
rather
you
hadn’t
told
me
about
it.我宁愿你还没有把那件事告诉我。(P56)
语境巧练
单句填空
①One
day
a
couple
of
weeks
into
the
summer
he
came
to
me
and
said
he
made
a
mistake
and
would
rather
work
(work)
at
my
basketball
camp.
②We
would
rather
our
daughter
stayed
(stay)
at
home
with
us,but
it
is
her
choice,and
she
is
not
a
child
any
longer.
③I
prefer
to
play
football
rather
than
play
basketball.
=I
would
play
football
rather
than
play
basketball.
=I
would
rather
play
football
than
play
basketball.?
-20-
考点必记
(1)would
rather
do
sth
than(do)sth
=would
do...rather
than
do...
=prefer
to
do...rather
than
do...
宁愿做……而不愿做……
(2)would
rather
do
sth宁愿做……
(3)would
rather
+(that)从句
从句时态:
①过去时(与现在或将来事实相反)
②过去完成时(与过去事实相反)
(4)rather
than而不是
-21-
10.if
only...要是……就好了
[教材原句]If
only
there
were
more
people
donating
money
to
charities!但愿有更多的人捐款给慈善机构!(P57)
语境巧练
单句填空
①If
only
I
hadn’t
informed
(not
inform)
her
of
the
news,she
wouldn’t
be
so
sad.?
②If
only
they
were
(be)
here
now,we
would
be
able
to
celebrate
their
wedding
anniversary.
用if
only,only
if填空
③I
failed
again.If
only
I
had
had
time
to
review
my
lessons.?
④Only
if
I
make
full
preparations
will
I
pass
the
test
next
time.?
-22-
考点必记
句中if
only...意为“要是……就好了”,用来表达愿望,句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气。
(1)if
only...had
done...表示对与过去事实相反的愿望
(2)if
only...did...表示对与现在事实相反的愿望
(3)if
only...could/would/might
do...表示对将来事情的愿望(不用should)
(4)only
if意为“只要……”,相当于as
long
as,位于句首时,其后句子用倒装语序。
-23-
11.means
n.手段,方法
[教材原句]Health
care
is
limited
as
there
are
no
doctors
or
nurses
in
the
villages—no
one
has
the
means
to
pay
them.医疗水平有限,因为村里没有医生也没有护士。没有人拥有出钱的方法。(P59)
语境巧练
单句填空
①She
could
not
speak,but
made
her
wishes
known
by
means
of
signs.
②The
truth
was
that
the
people
from
whom
I
looked
for
help
were
by
no
means
my
good
friends.
③Every
possible
means
has
(have)
been
tried,and
we
find
only
by
this
means
is
it
possible
to
persuade
him.
-24-
考点必记
(1)means
of
transportation运输工具,运输方式
means
of
communication通信手段
a
means
of
doing
sth做某事的方法/途径
a
means
to
an
end达到目的的方法
(2)by
means
of用,凭借
by
no
means=not
by
any
means决不;一点也不
by
all
means当然可以;尽一切办法,务必
-25-
12.obtain
vi.获得;流行
vt.获得
[教材原句]...people
have
to
walk
further
and
further
away
to
obtain
wood
for
cooking
and
heating.……人们要走很远很远才能获取做饭取暖的柴火。(P59)
语境巧练
完成句子
①You
can
also
obtain
knowledge
through
practice
(从实践经验中获得知识).?
②I
obtained
the
rose
(买到玫瑰花)
for
one
pound
in
the
underground.?
单句填空
③The
dried
herb
is
obtainable
(obtain)
from
health
shops.
-26-
考点必记
(1)obtain
employment就业,找到工作
obtain
information获得信息;索取资料或合同
(2)obtainable
adj.能得到的
be
obtainable
from...可以从……获得
-27-
13.break
down
出故障;抛锚;瓦解,分解;失败;崩溃;损坏,拆毁
[教材原句]However,if
the
pump
breaks
down,repairing
it
can
be
troublesome,as
an
engineer
has
to
come
from
the
nearest
town
to
repair
it.不过,如果水泵坏了,由于工程师不得不从最近的城里赶过来修理,修理水泵会很麻烦。(P59)
-28-
语境巧练
用break相关短语的适当形式填空
①The
ice
began
to
break
up
on
the
river.?
②He
said
his
computer
had
broken
down.?
③Last
night
somebody
broke
into
Mr
Brown’s
house
and
took
away
many
things.?
④A
fire
broke
out
after
we
got
home.?
⑤The
boy
often
breaks
in
while
his
parents
are
speaking.?
⑥You
must
break
away
from
bad
habits.?
⑦After
the
heavy
rain
the
sun
broke
through
the
clouds.?
⑧Peter
looked
annoyed
and
had
one
eye
on
the
doors,ready
to
break
off
the
conversation
the
moment
they
opened.?
-29-
考点必记
break
up打碎;分解;终止;破裂
break
out爆发;突然发生
break
in闯入;打断,插嘴
break
away(from)与……脱离;与……断绝关系;打破(陈规陋习)
break
through战胜,突围;穿过……而出现;突破
break
off停顿,中断;断开,折断
break
into强行进入,闯入;打断(谈话、讨论);突然开始
break
the
rule违反规定
易混辨析
break
down与break
up
两者在表示“击碎,粉碎,拆散”时意思非常相近,可通用。但是在表示化学性质的分解时多用break
down;表示“驱赶,使解散”时多用break
up;表示婚姻、友情等关系破裂时用break
up。
-30-
14.remind
sb
of让某人想起……,提醒某人
[教材原句]It
reminded
me
of
my
time
in
Sudan...这让我想起来我在苏丹的日子……
(P63)
语境巧练
单句填空
①Remind
me
to
phone
(phone)
Alan
before
I
go
out.?
②The
shape
reminds
him
of
the
spires
of
the
churches
of
London.
③I’m
king
of
this
forest,and
here
is
your
reminder
(remind)!
(2018·全国Ⅲ卷,语篇填空)
④Passengers
are
reminded
(remind)
that
no
smoking
is
allowed
on
this
train.?
⑤A
movement
is
underway
to
remind
us
to
turn
(turn)
off
lights
when
we
are
not
using
them.?
-31-
考点必记
(1)remind
sb
to
do
sth提醒某人去做某事
remind
sb
that...提醒某人……
(2)reminder
n.起提醒作用的物
“v.+sb+of
sth”短语
①cure
sb
of
sth治好某人的病
②accuse
sb
of
sth指控某人某事
③warn
sb
of
sth警告某人某事
④inform
sb
of
sth通知某人某事
⑤convince
sb
of
sth使某人相信某事
⑥rob
sb
of
sth抢劫某人的某物
-32-
15.think
back
to回想过去;回忆起
[教材原句]When
I
think
back
to
all
the
experiences
that
I
have
had
around
the
world
since
joining
Doctors
without
Borders,I
feel
that
I
have
been
very
lucky
to
be
able
to
help
others
and
do
something
worthwhile.当我回想起我参加“无国界医生组织”以来在全世界范围的所有经历,我觉得我很幸运能够帮助别人,做些有价值的事情。(P63)
-33-
语境巧练
完成句子
①“I
have
to
do
this,”I
think
to
myself
(暗自思考).?
②People
think
highly
of
you
(很欣赏你)
for
your
honesty
and
professionalism.?
③You
always
think
twice
(再三考虑)
before
you
say
something.?
④Why
does
it
make
me
so
sad
when
I
think
back
to
(回想起)that
time?
?
⑤He
thought
over
(反复思考)
the
secretary’s
words.Suddenly
he
saw
the
whole
thing
more
clearly.?
-34-
考点必记
think
of记起,想起;考虑;想象;关心
think
about考虑
think
to
oneself盘算;自思自忖
think
for
oneself独立思考
think
twice再三考虑;重新考虑
think
over仔细考虑;重新考虑
think
oneself
as自认为是
think
highly
of高度评价,尊重
think
up想出;发明;虚构
-35-
16.make
a
difference有作用(关系、影响)
[教材原句]...I’m
proud
that
I
can
help
here
and
there,and
make
a
difference
to
people’s
lives.……我很骄傲能到处帮帮忙,对人们的生活能有所影响。(P63)
语境巧练
用difference的相关短语的适当形式填空
①It
makes
no
difference
to
me
whether
he
comes
here
or
not.?
②Can
you
tell
the
difference
between
the
two
words?
?
③Your
age
shouldn’t
make
any
difference
to
whether
you
get
the
job
or
not.?
④Little
people
can
make
a
difference.?
-36-
考点必记
make
no
difference(to
sb/sth)
(对某人/物)没有作用或影响
make
some
difference(to
sb/sth)
(对某人/物)有些作用或影响
tell
the
difference分辨;区分;区别
写作佳句
They
have
the
power
to
make
a
difference
in
the
lives
of
others.他们拥有对别人命运有重大影响的能力。
-37-
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.They
are
potential
powers
we
possess
possession):energy,skill,sound
judgment,creative
ideas—even
physical
strength
greater
than
most
of
us
realize.
2.There
are
problems
psychology
doesn’t
have
the
answer
to,and
which
no
words
can
describe
(description).
3.A
politician
(political)
may
read
an
account
of
his
latest
successful
public
meeting,not
for
its
delayed
reward,but
very
much
as
his
wife
reads
an
account
of
a
party.
4.We
are
a
voluntary
(volunteer)
organization
and
registered
charity
without
financial
links
to
the
National
Park
Authority.
5.The
two
groups
remembered
the
information
equally
(equal)
well.
-38-
6.These
days
the
industry’s
most
urgent
(urge)
question
may
be
how
to
control
the
flow
of
tourists.
7.In
its
early
history,Chicago
had
floods
frequently,especially
in
the
spring,making
the
streets
so
muddy
(mud)
that
people,horses,and
carts
got
stuck.
8.I
was
wrapped(包裹)
heavily
and
well
sheltered
(shelter)
from
the
freezing
and
blowing
weather.
9.Mr
Johnson
insisted
that
the
problem
worthy
of
attention
be
discussed
at
the
meeting.
10.It
is
by
no
means
clear
what
the
president
can
do
to
end
the
strike.
-39-
Ⅱ.短语填空
get
hold
of,for
lack
of,break
down,in
addition,refer
to
1.A
final
point
to
bear
in
mind
is
that
the
term
“classical
music”
is
used
to
refer
to
a
great
variety
of
music,from
jazz
to
pieces
for
large
orchestras(管弦乐队).?
2.In
addition
,they
spend
money
on
fishing
equipment,bait,fuel
and
boat
repairs.?
3.People
are
moving
to
the
cities
for
lack
of
work
in
the
countryside.?
4.The
two
countries
are
going
to
meet
to
break
down
some
barriers
to
trade
between
them.?
5.As
a
grassroots
singer,she
reads
everything
she
can
get
hold
of
concerning
music,and
takes
every
opportunity
to
improve
herself.?
-40-
Ⅲ.单句改错
1.If
only
I
have
a
car,I
could
get
out
of
this
place.
have→had
2.Rather
than
working
in
such
a
bad
condition,he
would
give
up.
working→work
3.Lacking
of
time
prevented
me
from
writing
to
you.
Lacking→Lack或去掉of
4.The
water
may
be
carried
by
mean
of
a
pipe.
mean→means
5.There
occurred
nothing
worth
to
be
mentioned.
worth→worthy
-41-
Ⅳ.话题微写作
写作内容提示
1.现在,很多年轻人做志愿工作。(voluntary)
2.有些人去偏远的山区为留守儿童授课。(mountainous)
3.这些地区缺乏干净的自来水。(lack)
4.此外,孩子们每天走着泥泞的路去上学。(in
addition)
5.如果人人都做出点贡献,我们就会对他人的生活产生影响。(contribution,make
a
difference)
连句成文(参考上述提示,通过合理想象整合成一篇短文)
Nowadays,many
young
people
do
voluntary
work.Some
go
to
remote
mountainous
areas
to
teach
left-behind
children.These
areas
lack
clean
running
water.In
addition,children
have
to
walk
on
the
muddy
path
to
school.If
everyone
makes
a
contribution,
we
will
make
a
difference
to
others’
lives.限时规范练34
模块6
Unit
4
Helping
people
around
the
world
核心素养关键词:培养学生人与社会、服务社会的思维意识
一、阅读理解
A
Wanda
Butts
dropped
the
phone
and
screamed
when
she
heard
the
news
that
her
son
was
dead.
Josh
had
drowned
while
sailing
on
a
lake
with
his
friends.The
16-year-old
didn’t
know
how
to
swim,and
he
wasn’t
wearing
a
life
jacket.
Josh
was
not
alone
in
the
black
community.According
to
USA
Swimming,70%
of
African-American
children
cannot
swim.According
to
the
Centers
for
Disease
Control
and
Prevention,African-American
children
between
the
ages
of
5
and
14
are
three
times
more
likely
to
drown
than
white
children
in
the
same
age
range.
In
2007,Butts
started
the
Josh
Project,a
non-profit
project
that
provides
low-cost
swimming
lessons
for
children
in
Toledo,Ohio.The
swimming
lessons
take
place
at
a
local
high
school
over
four
Saturdays
for
a
total
cost
of
$10.
To
date,the
Josh
Project
has
helped
more
than
1,000
children
learn
how
to
swim.
“The
public
pools
near
our
home
were
closed,and
other
places
were
not
affordable,”
said
Lisa
Haynes,whose
14-year-old
son,Joshua,is
one
of
60-plus
students
in
the
Josh
Project
this
summer.
“I
am
less
worried
if
Joshua
is
near
water
because
he
has
the
basics
of
how
to
swim,”
Haynes
said.“And
we’re
thankful
for
that.”
Butts
is
doing
much
more,however,than
just
providing
swimming
lessons.
“She
ups
the
awareness,”
said
Shaun
Anderson,a
swimming
coach
who
was
so
inspired
by
her
story
that
he
created
a
Josh
Project
swimming
program
at
Norfolk
State
University.“Once
these
communities
learn
how
to
swim,they
will
pass
it
down,which
results
in
future
generations
that
know
how
to
swim.”
Butts
said
she
has
two
wishes
for
the
future:One
is
to
change
the
drowning
numbers
of
African-American
children,and
the
other
is
to
have
a
swimming
center
where
the
children
can
swim
daily
instead
of
just
once
a
week.
1.What
led
to
Josh’s
drowning?
A.He
was
never
taught
swimming
skills.
B.He
was
poor
in
boating
skills.
C.He
gave
his
life
jacket
to
a
friend.
D.He
was
careless
when
swimming
in
the
lake.
2.Why
did
the
author
list
the
numbers
in
Paragraph
3?
A.To
show
children
under
14
are
more
likely
to
drown.
B.To
argue
children
should
learn
swimming
at
a
very
young
age.
C.To
show
many
African-American
children
lack
swimming
skills.
D.To
introduce
the
difference
between
African-American
and
white
children.
3.What
can
we
learn
about
the
Josh
Project?
A.It
has
its
own
swimming
pools.
B.It
provides
lessons
only
in
summer.
C.It
serves
children
aged
from
5
to
14.
D.Its
swimming
lessons
take
place
once
a
week.
4.What
did
Lisa
Haynes
think
of
the
swimming
lessons
the
Josh
Project
provides?
A.Expensive.
B.Helpful.
C.Interesting.
D.Difficult.
B
I
recently
watched
a
woman
film
herself
as
she
walked
around
an
ancient
building
in
San
Sebastian,Spain.The
place
was
rich
in
history
and
the
view
was
great.But
she
wasn’t
looking
at
the
blue
sea
or
the
old
houses
—
she
was
looking
at
her
camera!
What
are
we
missing
by
seeing
life
through
social
media?
I’m
not
the
first
person
to
ask
that
question
but
I’ll
also
admit
I’m
part
of
the
“problem”.I
take
photos
of
beautiful
places
and
enjoy
them
just
for
their
social
media
value.
I
remember
a
usually
cheerful
friend
of
mine
going
through
his
Facebook
feed
one
day
during
a
quiet
afternoon
at
work.“I’m
so
depressed.Everyone’s
going
to
the
most
wonderful
places
and
having
the
most
wonderful
time,”
he
said.Except
they’re
probably
not.One
photo
shows
one
moment
in
a
day.People
simply
don’t
post
a
photo
of
the
time
when
they
got
into
a
fight
with
their
taxi
driver.
Take
the
day
that
I
got
more
“likes”
than
usual
for
a
picture
I’d
posted
on
Instagram.I’d
gone
to
a
temple
in
Japan
and
spent
the
day
climbing
hundreds
of
steps
to
see
what
turned
out
to
be
a
rather
ordinary
temple.I
had
seen
a
lot
of
temples
by
then
and
this
one
was
a
bit
disappointing.That
evening,I
posted
a
photo
of
an
ice
cream
with
colourful
little
sugary
decorations
on
it
and
was
surprised
by
how
many
of
my
“followers”
liked
it.But
that
ice
cream
didn’t
sum
up
(概括)
my
day
and
I
felt
like
a
bit
of
a
liar.
Of
course,that
experience
hasn’t
stopped
me
using
social
media.I
can
see
the
advantages
too
—“connecting”
with
friends
overseas,taking
photos
to
remember
the
beauty
of
a
moment,sharing
our
experiences
of
new
places.We
want
to
remember
the
good
moments
of
travelling
and
social
media
helps
us
do
that.But
let’s
not
forget
that’s
only
one
part
of
travelling.Is
that
photo
you
just
posted
as
important
as
being
there
in
that
moment
and
in
that
place?
5.What
purpose
does
Paragraph
1
serve
in
the
text?
A.To
give
suggestions.
B.To
introduce
the
topic.
C.To
express
the
main
idea.
D.To
offer
background
information.
6.Why
was
the
author’s
friend
unhappy?
A.He
couldn’t
finish
his
work.
B.He
got
into
a
fight
with
others.
C.He
couldn’t
enjoy
himself
like
his
friends
were.
D.He
got
few
“likes”
for
the
pictures
on
his
Facebook.
7.How
was
the
author’s
holiday
in
Japan
in
her
Instagram
followers’
eyes?
A.Busy.
B.Tiring.
C.Enjoyable.
D.Disappointing.
8.What
does
the
author
think
of
using
social
media
during
travelling?
A.It
makes
travelling
much
easier.
B.It
is
less
important
than
enjoying
the
journey.
C.It
will
become
more
popular
among
travellers.
D.It
leads
to
misunderstandings
about
other
people.
二、完形填空
There’s
a
tiny
town
called
Waterford
in
Eastern
Ohio.Every
other
year
something
very 1 happens
there
—a(n)
2 that
turns
an
entire
town
into
one
big
3 .These
days,apple
butter
is
still
cooked
on-site
in
the
4 method,stirred
for
hours
in
huge
kettles
over
open
fires.?
Making
apple
butter
isn’t 5 ,but
it
has
to
be
done
right.The
fire
can’t
be
too
hot,or
too
cool.You
can’t
stir
too
fast,or
too
slow.And
above
all,the
stir
stick
can
never
6 .It’s
all
about
getting
people
together.Strangers
are
7 and
passersby
are
waved
over
to
the
stir
for
a
8 .?
Young,a
fifth-grade
teacher 9 times
when
Apple
Butter
Weekend
was
just
her,her
mother,and
her
grandmother.These
days
they’ll
10 forty
people
or
more,cooking
up
100
pints
(品脱)
at
a
time.Most
gets
divided
up
among
the
family,but
plenty
11 in
fridges
across
Waterford
and
beyond.?
“We
don’t 12 it,”
said
Young.But,she
said,“if
you
ask,you’re
going
to
get
it.”?
The
family
has
faced
many
challenges
over
the
years, 13 13
times
during
the
1960s.But
wherever
they’ve
lived,her
parents
always
made
friends
the
14 way
they
make
apple
butter:by
doing
the
little
things
the
right
way,paying
attention
at
every
moment.?
“They’ve
done
everything
in
15 steps,”
Young
said.“I
always
say,my
mom
and
dad
have
huge
ears.They
just
16 .They
aren’t
quick
to
judge;they
aren’t
quick
to
17 anything.They’ve
made
a
life
of
working
on
18 .”?
So
Apple
Butter
Weekend
in
Waterford
isn’t
just
about
the
apple
butter. 19 ,the
weekend
is
about
community:teaching
the
youngsters,learning
from
the
elders,making
new
friends
and
passing
on
unchanging
20 even
as
the
world
changes.?
1.A.special
B.serious
C.rare
D.strict
2.A.game
B.show
C.custom
D.policy
3.A.city
B.family
C.organization
D.club
4.A.typical
B.effective
C.funny
D.traditional
5.A.expensive
B.complicated
C.common
D.popular
6.A.bend
B.stop
C.fall
D.roll
7.A.welcomed
B.crowded
C.gathered
D.understood
8.A.taste
B.toast
C.turn
D.dance
9.A.notices
B.expects
C.spends
D.remembers
10.A.choose
B.draw
C.help
D.find
11.A.runs
out
B.grows
up
C.ends
up
D.breaks
down
12.A.exchange
B.share
C.store
D.sell
13.A.abandoning
B.failing
C.moving
D.fighting
14.A.easy
B.smart
C.best
D.same
15.A.small
B.correct
C.similar
D.unusual
16.A.enjoy
B.listen
C.wait
D.play
17.A.offer
B.refuse
C.leave
D.decide
18.A.spirits
B.manners
C.friendships
D.feelings
19.A.Instead
B.Therefore
C.Otherwise
D.However
20.A.values
B.memories
C.wealth
D.rules
三、短文改错
I
always
make
sure
of
I
won’t
take
any
stress
or
worry
into
exams.Instead,I
try
to
show
the
highest
positive
spirits
because
my
classmates
also
become
positive.I
did
a
same
thing
last
Friday.I
wasn’t
well
prepared
with
an
upcoming
chemistry
exam
and
didn’t
know
how
it
would
go.However,I
decided
to
do
whatever
made
me
feeling
happy
and
spread
joy
around
as
usually.I
went
to
school
and
saw
everyone
was
worried,so
I
told
some
jokes
make
a
light
environment.The
way
I
told
the
jokes
change
everything
and
all
my
classmates
soon
felt
relaxing.As
a
result,we
did
well
in
the
exams.
限时规范练34(模块六 Unit4)
一、【篇章导读】本文是记叙文。因为一次溺水事件失去儿子的WandaButts创建了一个教非裔美国儿童学习游泳的非营利组织。
1.A 细节理解题。由第二段可知,因为不会游泳且未穿救生衣,Josh在湖中与朋友们乘船航行时溺亡。
2.C 推理判断题。第三段主旨句为第一句,即Josh的情况在美国非裔群体中并不罕见。接下来作者引用两个组织提供的数据来支持这个说法,70%的非裔美国儿童不会游泳,且在5到14岁年龄段的儿童之中,非裔美国儿童溺亡的人数要比白人儿童高出几倍。因此,这些数据是为了说明非裔美国儿童当中有许多人都不会游泳。
3.D 细节理解题。由第四段中的“Theswimminglessons...fourSaturdays”以及最后一段中的“wherethechildren...justonceaweek”可知,该组织每周六开设游泳课程,一周一次。
4.B 推理判断题。由倒数第四段中Haynes所说的话可知,她的儿子通过游泳课程学会了基本的游泳技能,她对此很感激。因此可推断,Haynes认为该公益组织开设的游泳课程很有用。
【篇章导读】本文是议论文。文章就旅行途中过度使用社交媒体的现象进行了讨论。
5.B 推理判断题。第一段讲述了一个女游客的故事,她在一个景点自拍,目光一直注视着相机,而对周围美丽的景色和充满历史气息的建筑不屑一顾。作者通过这个故事引出了本文的话题,即旅游过程中过度使用社交媒体的问题。
6.C 细节理解题。由第三段中的“goingthroughhisFacebook...atwork”以及“I’msodepressed...themostwonderfultime”可知,作者的这位朋友浏览社交媒体朋友圈之后,认为他的朋友们都去了很棒的地方,玩得很开心,而他却在工作,这让他感到很沮丧。
7.C 推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“surprisedbyhowmanyofmy‘followers’likedit”以及“thaticecreamdidn’t...abitofaliar”可知,虽然作者发布的美味冰激凌的照片不能反映她假日的总体情况,但她社交媒体上的朋友们很喜欢这张照片,并认为它反映了作者的假日。因此推断,在社交媒体上的朋友们看来,作者在日本度假时很愉快。
8.B 推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Wewanttoremember...helpsusdothat”以及“Butlet’snotforget...inthatplace”可知,作者承认旅游时使用社交媒体可以帮人们记录美好时刻,但她认为人们应该记住照片只是旅游的一部分,更重要的是享受一个地方带给你的亲身体验。
二、【篇章导读】本文是记叙文。文章介绍了俄亥俄州东部小城镇沃特福德的一项特殊节日传统:手工制作苹果酱。对于当地人而言,这项活动不仅仅传承着古老的传统,也传承着当地亘古不变的价值观:认真对待生活中的每一刻,友好地对待身边的每个人。
1.A 根据下文中人们用古法制作苹果酱可知,这是当地一项“特殊的(special)”活动。
2.C 根据上文中的“Everyotheryearsomething...happensthere”可知,这个活动每两年举行一次,是当地的“习俗(custom)”。
3.B 根据第二段中的“It’sallaboutgettingpeopletogether”可知,这个节日把整个镇子凝聚成一个大“家庭(family)”。
4.D 根据下文中的“inhugekettlesoveropenfires”可知,这个镇子用“传统的(traditional)”方式制作苹果酱。
5.B 根据下文中的“butithastobedoneright”与本句话的转折关系可知,制作苹果酱并不“复杂(complicated)”。
6.B 根据上文中的“stirredforhours”及“Thefirecan’tbetoohot,ortoocool.Youcan’tstirtoofast,ortooslow”可知,苹果酱的制作过程中需要一直用搅拌棒搅拌,不能“停(stop)”下。
7.A 根据上文中的“gettingpeopletogether”及下文中的“passersbyarewavedovertothestir”可知,当地人也“欢迎(welcomed)”陌生人过来一起搅拌苹果酱。
8.C 根据上文中搅拌不能停止可知,当地人欢迎陌生人和路过的人也加入他们,“轮流(turn)”搅拌苹果酱。
9.D 根据下文中的“whenAppleButterWeekendwasjusther,hermother,andhergrandmother”以及“Thesedaysthey’ll...”可知,Young“回忆起(remembers)”了以前全家人一起制作苹果酱的日子。
10.B 根据上文中的“gettingpeopletogether”可知,此处Young一家将“吸引(draw)”40多个人一起做苹果酱。
11.C 根据上文中许多陌生人参与制作苹果酱及下文中的“ifyouask,you’regoingtogetit”可知,做好的苹果酱大多数分给家人,其余的分享给了来自各地的人们。“endupinfridges”形象地表达了这层含义。
12.D 根据下文中的“ifyouask,you’regoingtogetit”可知,当地人不“卖(sell)”苹果酱,常常送给别人。
13.C 根据上文中的“Thefamilyhasfacedmanychallengesovertheyears”以及下文中的“Butwhereverthey’velived”可知,这家人曾多次“搬家(moving)”。
14.D 根据下文中的“bydoingthelittlethingstherightway,payingattentionateverymoment”可知,Young的父母交朋友的方式与制作苹果酱的方式“相同(same)”,都是认真地做好每件小事,每时每刻都关注对方。
15.A 根据上文中的“doingthelittlethingstherightway”可知,Young的父母做每件事的时候都不急不躁,慢慢来,故选small。
16.B 根据上文中的hugeears可知,Young的父母善于“倾听(listen)”。
17.D 根据上文中的“Theyaren’tquicktojudge”可知,Young的父母并不急于判断任何人与事,也不急于“做决定(decide)”。
18.C 根据上文中的“herparentsalwaysmadefriends”可知,Young的父母很注重“友情(friendships)”,一生都在用心经营。
19.A 根据上一句中的“isn’tjust”可知,前后两句为转折关系,再根据语境可知,此处应选Instead。
20.A 本句总结全文,在此指出,苹果酱制作周传承了经久不变的“价值观(values)”。
三、第一句:去掉of
或of→that
第二句:because→so
第三句:a→the
第四句:with→for
第五句:feeling→feel;usually→usual
第六句:make前加to
第七句:change→changed;relaxing→relaxed
第八句exams→exam
1
