外研版八年级下册英语语法知识大全+典型例题
语法·剖析·活用
简单句的五种句子结构
Ⅰ.句子的种类
按交际功能可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
按结构可分为简单句、并列句与复合句。
Ⅱ.简单句
简单句是由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成,其陈述句的肯定式有以下五种基本句型:
【主语(S)、谓语(V)、表语(P)、宾语(O)、宾语补足语(OC)】
序号
结构
讲解
例句
1
SV
该句型中的谓语为不及物动词。谓语动词的前面可加情态动词或助动词。如果多个谓语动词并列,可用and,but等并列连词将它们连接起来。谓语动词在人称和数上须与主语保持一致。
The
first
book
came
out
in
2003.He
is
running
fast.
2
SVP
此句中的动词为连系动词,连系动词常用的有be,become等,部分行为动词在某些时候也可以用作连系动词,如:get,keep,turn,grow等。有些感官动词也可以作连系动词,如:look,sound,taste,smell,feel等。
Trees
are
green.Mrs.
Smith
is
a
doctor.They
are
interested
in
P.E.
3
SVO
此句中的动词为及物动词。动词后接宾语时应该用及物动词,若为不及物动词则须在动词后加上合适的介词。
He
saw
a
film.Jim
may
visit
his
parents
tomorrow.
4
SVOiOd
此句型中的谓语动词是及物动词,后面接两个宾语,间接宾语一般指人,直接宾语一般指物。一般是“主谓+间宾+直宾”,也可以是“主谓+直宾+介词+间宾”。可接双宾语的常见动词有:ask,give,send,buy,sell,bring,pass,tell,show,teach,promiser等。
I
will
give
you
a
book.She
bought
a
present
for
her
parents.
5
SVOC
该句型中的“宾语
+宾语补足语”又叫做“复合宾语”,其特点是宾语与其补语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。可接复合宾语的常见动词有:ask,tell,find,help,like,take,make,let,call,watch,see,have等。
The
news
made
everyone
happy.He
wants
me
to
help
him.
Ⅲ.there
be
句型
there
be句型的结构是“there
be
+某人/某物+某时/某地”,含义是“在某时或某地有某人或某物”。
从以上讲解中我们可以初步掌握英语句子结构的一些特点:英语的句子以谓语为中心,前面是动作的执行者,后面是动作的承受者。除了基本成分之外,状语也很重要。状语可以位于句首,也可以置于谓语之后。一般来说,置于句首的多是时间、条件和原因状语,置于谓语之后的是地点、方式、原因、目的、时间和伴随状语。
一般过去时和现在完成时的区别
Ⅰ.时间上有差异
一般过去时与现在没有关系,与表示过去的时间状语连用,如:ago,last
year,just
now,the
other
day等。现在完成时与现在有关系,不能与表示过去的时间状语连用。如:
He
has
come
back
home.(说明现在他在家。)
He
came
back
home
last
year.(只能说明他去年回来过,不能说明他现在在不在家,可能后来又出去了,但至今未归。)
Ⅱ.结果上有差异
现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作,现在完成时强调对“现在”的影响和结果,动作到现在刚完成或还在继续。一般过去时强调动作发生在“过去”,和现在没有关系。
【活学活用】
单项选择
1)She
________the
piano
for
six
years,but
she
doesn’t
play
now.
A.
have
played
B.played
C.has
played
答案:B 从后半句可以判断她已经不再弹钢琴了,说明前面的动作和现在已经没有关系,只是单纯地陈述过去的事情,所以用一般过去时。
2)We
________
the
museum
yesterday.
A.
visited
B.visit
C.have
visited
答案:A 有明显的过去时间状语yesterday,可以判断用一般过去时。
3)I
________
stamps
since
I
was
ten
years
old.
A.
collected
B.have
collected
C.am
collecting
答案:B since“自从……”是现在完成时的一个标志性词语,表示动作从某时开始一直延续,所以用现在完成时。
4)I
________
to
school
yesterday
because
I
was
ill.
A.
went
B.haven’t
gone
C.didn’t
go
答案:C 全句为因果关系,应该是“生病没有上学”,所以否定A项;陈述昨天的事情,没提到和现在的关系,所以应用一般过去时。
5)I
________
in
Beijing
for
ten
years.
A.
lived
B.have
lived
C.has
lived
答案:B 句意为“我住在北京已经十年了”,没有任何其他提示,表示现在仍住在北京。
典题精讲
经典例题
在对话的空格处填上适当的单词,使对话完整、正确,每空一词。
A:
Mum,which
TV
program(节目)are
you
1 ?
B:Oh,I’m
watching
a
Beijing
Opera.
A:
Is
that 2 interesting
than
a
football
game?
B:Yes,I
think 3 .I
prefer(更喜欢)a
Beijing
Opera 4 a
football
game.
A:Er...but
I
don’t
like
it.
Shall
we
watch
a
cartoon 5 ?
B:OK.Which 6 is
your
favorite
TV
program
on?
A:
It’s
usually 7 on
Channel
8.
B:But
I
can’t
get 8 .
A:
Well,it
must 9 on
Channel
6
then.
Try
that.
B:Here
it
is.The
cartoon 10 just
begun.
Let’s
watch
it
together.
A:
That’s
all
right.
思路解析:
1.从下文问话“我正在看京剧”中可以看出,上句话中问的是“看什么”。答案:watching
2.从后面的than
可以看出这是一个比较级,因为interesting是个多音节形容词。答案:more
3.从答语yes,可以看出是肯定的形式。答案:so
4.
prefer...to...“喜欢……胜过……”。答案:to
5.提出建议“我们来看卡通片而不要看京剧和球赛”,要用一个词表达此意。答案:instead
6.从末尾的介词“on”判断,最爱的电视节目在哪个频道。答案:channel
7.上演或是播出,但注意主语是it,所以应用被动语态。答案:showed
8.
not...anything=nothing。答案:anything
9.must后面要接动词原形,be
on
channel
6
“在6频道”。答案:be
10.just暗示本句应该是现在完成时。答案:has
黑色陷阱:本题有两处陷阱,一是第6题,如果注意不到后面的介词on,很容易理解成“你最喜欢什么电视节目”,而本题是最喜欢的节目在哪个频道,所以要填channel而不是program。第二处是第7题,很容易让人凭直觉填be,说明卡通节目在第八频道,陷阱是前面已经有be动词is了。所以填be
不对,并且还要注意动词的被动语态的运用。
绿色通道:解答此类题一定要先通读全文,对对话的主要内容有一个大概的理解,并充分利用好上下文所提供的信息,注意每一处细节,对号入座,对所填的内容要进行检验,看句子是否通顺,文章是否合情理。
原创题
根据表格和短文判断正(T)误(F)。
Recently
we
have
made
a
survey
about
the
teenagers’
hobbies.
Here’s
the
result.
Singing
Playingcomputergames
GrowingVegetables
PlayingFootball
Dancing
Playingtabletennis
CollectingDolls
Boys
√
√
√
√
Girls
√
√
√
√
√
It’s
very
interesting
to
see
the
hobbies
above.
The
teenagers
like
their
hobbies
because
they
like
to
learn
new
things
and
develop
new
skills.
For
example,playing
football
can
make
them
strong
and
understand
the
importance
of
team
work.
Growing
vegetables
can
help
their
family.
( )1.The
boys
like
dancing
and
singing.
( )2.Both
the
boys
and
the
girls
like
growing
vegetables
and
playing
table
tennis.
( )3.Collecting
dolls
can
make
the
girls
strong.
( )4.Playing
football
is
a
team-work
sport.
( )5.The
boys
don’t
like
playing
computer
games.
思路解析:
1.F 从图表中可以判断,喜欢唱歌跳舞的应该是女孩子。
2.T 从图表中可以判断男孩和女孩都喜欢的两项是growing
vegetables和playing
table
tennis。
3.F 收集洋娃娃不是一个锻炼体能的爱好,所以不能使人变强壮。
4.T 从文中的例子可以看出踢足球能使人理解团队合作的重要性,所以应该是一项团队运动。
5.F 从图中可以直接判断此项描述不合文意。
黑色陷阱:第4题考查理解能力,第5题考查反向思维能力。
绿色通道:注意英文图表题,一定不要落下任何一个细节,要从细节中发现东西,也可以带着问题去读表。
巧学法园地
come
out
一词多义
太阳星星升起,花儿绽放,消息传出,新书出版,均用come
out。
Module
2 Friendship
语法·剖析·活用
宾语从句
在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。它是众多从句中的一员,在复合句中作主句谓语动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语。
Ⅰ.宾语从句的引导词
1.陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导,that无词义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如:
My
teacher
said
I
was
a
good
boy.老师说我是个好男孩。
2.当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”。如:
I
am
not
sure
if
you
are
right.我不确信你是否正确。
3.如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,只需用原来的疑问词引导。如:
I
want
to
know
where
he
came
from.我想知道他从哪里来。
Ⅱ.宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序
句式
连词
语序
例句
陈述句
That
不变
I
think
that
we
can
be
good
friends.
一般疑问句
if/whether
改为陈述语序
I
can’t
remember
if
I
posted
the
letter.
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词
改为陈述语序
He
asked
who
was
our
English
teacher.
Ⅲ.宾语从句与主句的时态要相互呼应
主句是现在或将来时态时,从句可用任何所需要的时态。主句是过去时态时,从句要用表示过去的相应的时态。但如果从句中有明确表示过去的时间状语,则从句应用一般过去时,不用过去完成时;如从句表达的是客观规律或真理时,用一般现在时。如:
She
said
that
the
earth
moves
around
the
sun.她说地球围绕太阳转。
【活学活用】
单项选择
1)I
hope
________
it
will
snow
this
winter.
A.
when
B.if
C.whether
D./
答案:D hope
后面应该接that引导的宾语从句,that
在句中没有任何意义,可以省略。
2)—I
don’t
know
________
Mr.Green
will
come
to
see
us.
—He
will
help
us
with
our
English.
A.why
B.when
C.how
D.where
答案:A 从下文的答语看,上文不知道的应该是“来看我们的原因”。
3)I
can’t
remember
________
I
have
seen
him
before.
A.whether
B.why
C.what
D.how
答案:A 本句表达一种不确定的概念,用whether或if。
4)—Do
you
know
________?I’m
going
to
see
him.
—Sorry,I
don’t
know.
A.where
does
Mr.Li
live
B.where
did
Mr.Li
live
C.where
Mr.Li
lives
D.where
Mr.Li
lived
答案:C 宾语从句要用陈述语气,排除A、B两项。从句意判断问的是“现在住哪儿?”。
5)—Where
do
you
think
________
he
________
the
computer?
—Sorry,I
have
no
idea.
A./;bought
B.has;bought
C.did;buy
D.does;buy
答案:A do
you
think是插入语,可以把它去掉,分析句意应该用应用过去时态和陈述语序。
6)I
can’t
understand
________
he
likes
computer
games
so
much.
A.that
B.whether
C.why
D.where
答案:C 句意为“我不理解为什么他那么喜欢电脑游戏”。
7)(2010北京中考大纲卷)—Do
you
know
________
the
MP3
player
last
week?
—Sorry,I
have
no
idea.
A.how
much
did
she
pay
for
B.how
much
will
she
pay
for
C.how
much
she
paid
for
D.how
much
she
will
pay
for
答案:C 宾语从句要用陈述语序,由此排除A、B两项,由last
week判断应该用过去时态。
8)(2010北京中考大纲卷)I
don’t
know
________
tomorrow.Can
you
tell
me?
A.when
we
started
B.when
did
we
start
C.when
we
will
start
D.when
will
we
start
答案:C 由tomorrow判断,应该用将来时态表示。
典题精讲
经典例题
例1 In
the
bookshop,a
reader
asked
the
shop
keeper
________
?Who
Moved
My
?
?Cheese?
was
an
interesting
book.
A.that
B.how
C.what
D.if
思路解析:注意本句中斜体部分是一本书的名字《谁动了我的奶酪》,本句含义是“一个读者问书店管理员这本书是不是有趣”。所以答案是D项。答案:D
黑色陷阱:本题的主要陷阱是书名?Who
Moved
My
Cheese,?
它本身含有一个who,容易给人造成误解。
绿色通道:在英语中,注意书名一般都是斜体的,且书名的首字母是大写的,注意把它看成一个独立的完整的东西。
例2 I
was
told
________
Bill
Gates
was
thirteen
he
began
to
play
with
computers.
A.that
how
B.how
that
C.when
that
D.that
when
思路解析:注意后面从句的含义是“比尔·盖茨十三岁的时候开始玩电脑”,应该用when表示“当……时”,本句中的that是宾语从句的引导词。所以选D项。答案:D
黑色陷阱:本句结构复杂,主要陷阱设置在when
上,它在本句中起到引导后面的时间状语的作用。
绿色通道:做此类题,要慢慢理顺思路,不要钻牛角尖,当一种含义说不通时,从另一个角度或另一个含义考虑。
例3 (2010江苏苏州中考)—I
wonder
________.
—Zebras.
A.what
do
they
call
these
animals
B.how
they
call
these
animals
C.what
they
call
these
animals
D.how
do
they
call
these
animals
思路解析:本句含义是“我想知道他们叫这些动物什么”,排除B、D两项。另外宾语从句要用陈述语序。所以选C项。答案:C
黑色陷阱:本句容易译成“他们怎样称呼这些动物”而错选how,注意本句中隐含句型call
sb.
sth.含义是“称呼某人……”。
绿色通道:解答本类题首先分析句意,确定引导词,然后看好语序和时态。
例4 (2010北京中考)I’m
different
from
my
twin
sister.I
love
dancing,________
she
is
interested
in
reading.
A.so
B.or
C.but
D.and
思路解析:本句是转折关系,选择C项。答案:C
黑色陷阱:本句陷阱在于选项前后都是肯定句形式,不细读题而误选D项。
绿色通道:并列句主要是根据句意来判断前后两句的逻辑关系,所以一定要把题读完再作判断。
例5 (2010重庆中考)Work
hard,________
you
may
catch
up
with
your
classmates
soon.
A.or
B.but
C.and
D.yet
思路解析:本句是“祈使句+and”的句型,句意为“努力学习,你会很快赶上其他同学的”,and在句中表示承接关系,所以选C项。答案:C
黑色陷阱:本题的陷阱是句型,本句型区别于“祈使句+or”,这个句型的含义是“……,不然的话/否则……”。
绿色通道:祈使句后面既可以加and,也可以加or,所以要全面分析句意,再作决定。
原创题
There
are
more
and
bigger
tree-planting
programs(项目)than
any
other
country
in
the
world.Since
1979,March
12th
has
been
Tree
Planting
Day
in
China.Between
1982
and
2004,44
billion
trees
have
been
planted
on
53.4
million
hectares(亩)of
land.In
2004,2.5
billion
trees
were
planted
in
China.There
are
many
projects(规划)
to
protect
environment.Here
are
some
examples.
●
In
2001,Korea
offered
$6
million
for
a
5-year
project
to
plant
trees,starting
with
a
project
to
prevent
soil
erosion(侵蚀)at
the
Miyun
Reservoir
in
Beijing’s
northern
suburbs.
●
In
2001
the
Japan
Bank
for
International
Co-operation
put
in
$
67.5
million
for
tree
planting
projects
in
Jiangxi
Province.They
plan
to
plant
219000
hectares
with
trees
by
2009.
●
Nokia
started
a
“Friendship
Forestry”
project.5000
people
across
China—employees
of
Nokia,its
partners
and
customers—planted
trees
covering
150000
square
meters.They
plan
to
continue
and
extend
the
project.
根据短文回答问题。
1.When
is
the
Tree
Planting
Day?
________________________________________.
2.How
much
money
did
Korea
offer
for
a
5-year
project
to
plant
trees?
________________________________________.
3.What
is
the
name
of
Nokia’s
project
to
plant
trees?
________________________________________.
4.How
many
trees
were
planted
in
2004
in
China?
________________________________________.
思路解析:1.March
12th. 从“Since
1979,March
12th
has
been
Tree
Planting
Day
in
China.”中可以看出答案。
2.It
offered
$6
million
for
the
project. 由第二段第一句描述可知。
3.Friendship
Forestry
4.In
2004,2.5
billion
trees
were
planted
in
China.
黑色陷阱:本题的陷阱主要是数字和一些专有名称较多,容易让人觉得文章很难。
绿色通道:做这种题,可以用“地毯式”搜索的方法,同时注意答题尽量规范和完整。
巧学法园地
学习宾从三注意:时态语序和连词。
时态主从要呼应:
主句若为现在时,从句时态随句意;
主句若为过去时,从句时态变过去;
语序要用陈述序,切莫照搬疑问句。
that连接陈述句,省与不省没关系。
从句若表“是否”时,if,whether
均可替。
特殊问句作宾语,仍用原来疑问词。
三个问题须记牢,切莫丢东忘了西。
Module
3 On
the
radio
语法·剖析·活用
动词不定式和动名词作宾语
在英语中,介词宾语常用动名词,不用不定式。而动词宾语,有用动名词,有时用不定式,用动名词和不定式意义变化不大,有时意义却相差甚远。
有的动词后面只能接动名词作宾语,如:enjoy,mind,miss,finish,practice,suggest,feel
like等。
I
enjoy
playing
basketball
with
you.我喜欢和你打篮球。
有的动词后面只能接不定式作宾语,如:ask,agree,decide,happen,hope,plan,promise,would
like,want等。
She
promised
to
return
in
an
hour.她答应一小时后回来。
有的动词后面可以接两种形式作宾语,表达的意思有的差别不大,有的差别很大,要根据具体情况区别对待。
We
should
continue
learning(to
learn).我们应当继续学习。(差别不大)
I
remember
telling
him
the
news.我记得告诉过他这个消息了。(已告诉)
Please
remember
to
tell
him
the
news.记得告诉他这个消息。(未告诉)
常见的意义差别较大的词:
1)remember,forget,regret等接动名词表示动作已经发生,接不定式表示动作尚未发生。
2)stop
doing
表示“停止做某事”,stop
to
do表示“停止(某事)开始做另一件事”。
3)try
doing
试着做,try
to
do
设法、尽力做某事。
4)like,hate,prefer等词后,如果表示一般倾向,多用动名词作宾语;如指特定的或具体某次行动,用不定式时多。
【活学活用】
翻译句子
1)他停止吸烟了。________________________________________
答案:He
stopped
smoking.
2)我想要去长城。________________________________________
答案:I
want
to
go
to
the
Great
Wall.
3)我许诺要帮他。________________________________________
答案:I
promised
to
help
him.
4)让我试着读读它吧。________________________________________
答案:Let
me
try
reading
it.
5)我记得把信都寄出去了。________________________________________
答案:I
remember
posting
the
letters.
典题精讲
经典例题
假设你所在的学校要出一期英语壁报,你准备就自己经历的一件事写一篇英语短文向壁报投稿。下面五幅图记录了你上个星期六与老师和同学们到南河边参加植树活动的全过程,请你就以下五幅图写一篇英文短文。
注意:1.短文内容要包括所有图画中的主要内容。
2.词数:70~90
3.生词提示:桶bucket;锄头hoe
参考答案:
Last
Friday,our
teacher
told
us
that
we
would
go
to
plant
trees
by
the
South
River
the
next
day.On
Saturday
morning
I
got
up
at
six
thirty
and
went
to
school
with
a
bucket.My
classmates
were
waiting
at
the
school
gate
with
buckets
and
hoes.
When
we
got
to
the
South
River,we
began
to
plant
trees
on
the
river
bank.On
the
river
bank
some
students
were
digging
holes,and
the
others
were
planting
or
watering
the
young
trees.
After
we
finished
our
work,we
were
happy
to
see
the
young
trees
we
planted
on
the
river
bank.
思路解析:看图要首先确定内容要点:①上星期五老师告诉我们“明天去南河边植树”;②上星期六(第二天)早上六点半我就起床了;③我带着桶去学校,同学们带着桶、锄头在校门口等待;④到南河边,我们开始植树(也可描写劳动场面);⑤看着新种下的树,我们都很高兴。
黑色陷阱:注意本文让描述经历过的一件事,所以要用过去时态来陈述整个事件。
绿色通道:做看图作文,注意一定要分析好题意,不要跑题,然后确定时态,最后再落笔成文。注意书写过程中要力求规范,不要涂抹。
原创题
阅读理解
The
first
newspaper
in
the
USA
came
out
in
1690,and
was
made
in
Boston
and
called
Public
Occurrences
Both
Foreign
and
Domestic.It
was
stopped
after
a
short
time.The
first
lasting
newspaper
also
came
from
Boston,and
was
called
simply
Boston
Newsletter.It
was
published(出版)from
1704
to
1722.The
first
real
newspaper
was
the
New
England
Courant
which
started
in
1721.By
1783
there
were
43
newspapers
in
the
USA
and
by
1801,about
200.
In
1835,James
Gordon
Bennet
started
The
New
York
Herald
which
was
America’s
first
modern
newspaper.This
was
followed
six
years
later
by
Horace
Greeley’s
New
York
Tribune,
which
was
the
first
American
newspaper
with
national
influence
rather
than
just
local.The
New
Times
followed
in
1851.
1.What’s
the
name
of
America’s
first
modern
newspaper?
A.Boston
Newsletter.
B.The
New
Times.
C.The
New
York
Herald.
D.Public
Occurrences
Both
Foreign
and
Domestic.
2.When
was
the
first
real
newspaper
start?
A.1690.
B.1835.
C.1721.
D.1851.
3.Which
newspaper
has
national
influence
rather
than
just
local?
A.Boston
Newsletter.
B.New
York
Tribune.
C.The
New
York
Herald.
D.
Public
Occurrences
Both
Foreign
and
Domestic.
4.When
was
New
York
Tribune
published?
A.1783.
B.1801.
C.1835.
D.1841.
5.How
many
newspapers
were
there
by
1801?
A.43.
B.200.
C.6.
D.18.
思路解析:1.C 由第二段第一句话可以看出答案是?The
New
York
Herald。?
2.C 从“The
first
real
newspaper
was
the
New
England
Courant
which
started
in
1721”可以看出第一份真正意义上的报纸出版于1721。
3.B 从倒数第二句可以看出在全国有影响的是New
York
Tribune。
4.D 从文中可以看出New
York
Tribune在The
New
York
Herald出版六年后出版的,所以应该是1835
年加上六年,答案是D。
5.B 从第一段末句“By
1783
there
were
43
newspapers
in
the
USA
and
by
1801,about
200.”可以看出,在美国到1783年只有43种报纸,到1801
年,大约有200
种了。
黑色陷阱:本题陷阱有两个,一是第4题,问New
York
Tribune出版的时间,要计算才能得出结果;二是第5题,要真正读懂句意,才能得出答案。
绿色通道:做阅读理解时,故事性的要通读全文,找出主旨。说明性的则可以用跳读的方法,查找有用信息,为己所用。
巧学法园地
巧记跟动名词作宾语的动词
英语中有一些动词后面常跟动名词作宾语,初中阶段常见的有:finish,enjoy,mind,miss,be
worth,practice等。这些词句可按下面的顺口溜记忆:
完成实践值得忙(finish,practice,be
worth,be
busy)
继续习惯别放弃(keep
on,be
used
to,give
up)
考虑建议不禁想(consider,suggest,can’t
help,feel
like)
喜欢思念要介意(enjoy,miss,mind)
举例:
Would
you
mind
opening
the
door?你介意把门打开吗?
When
we
heard
news,we
couldn’t
help
laughing.
当我们听到这个消息时,忍不住大笑起来。
Module
4 New
technology
语法·剖析·活用
If
从句(1)
在英语中,表达“如果……”要用if
引导的条件状语从句。首先看一下它的结构:
“if
从句+祈使句”或“祈使句+if
从句”。if引导的是一个完整的句子,一定要有主语。如:
If
you
need
help,please
call
me.如果你需要帮助,请给我打电话。
We
will
go
out
for
a
picnic
if
it
is
sunny
tomorrow.如果明天阳光明媚,我们就外出野餐。
【活学活用】
用if连接下面的句子
1)She
didn’t
know
the
way
to
the
station.Ask
someone
around.
答案:If
she
didn’t
know
the
way
to
the
station,ask
someone
around.
2)You
are
hungry.Go
to
the
KFC.
答案:If
you
are
hungry,go
to
the
KFC.
3)You
don’t
understand
the
article.Ask
your
teacher.
答案:If
you
don’t
understand
the
article,ask
your
teacher.
4)You
don’t
know
the
word.Look
it
up
in
the
dictionary.
答案:If
you
don’t
know
the
word,look
it
up
in
the
dictionary.
5)We
get
lost.Ask
the
policeman
for
help.
答案:If
we
get
lost,ask
the
policeman
for
help.
典题精讲
经典例题
(2010辽宁十一市中考)
Do
you
believe
there
are
aliens(外星人)?
Well,make
a
phone
call
and
you
will
know.A
group
of
Americans
can
help.They
made
a
device(装置)to
“talk”
to
aliens.If
you
want
to
talk
to
an
alien,you
only
need
to
visit,call
1-900-226-0300
and
say:“Hello
aliens,this
is
Earth
calling.Can
you
hear
me?”
you
can
say
anything
you
want.
But
now,they
only
take
phone
calls
from
people
in
the
US.The
call
is
$3.99
every
minute.After
the
hotline
began
in
February,www.TalkToAliens.com
has
got
hundreds
of
calls.There
is
one
call
every
three
minutes.They
are
also
trying
to
send
people’s
e-mails,photos
and
videos
into
space.
1.If
you
live
in
America
and
you
want
to
know
whether
there
are
any
aliens,________.
A.you
can
make
a
phone
call
B.you
can
go
to
America
for
help
C.you
can
ask
any
scientist
for
help
D.you
can
talk
to
aliens
2.www.TalkToAliens.com
is
a
place
where
________.
A.you
can
get
some
knowledge
about
aliens
B.you
can
talk
to
aliens
C.the
aliens
live
D.you
can
make
a
set
of
device
to
talk
to
aliens
3.Which
is
NOT
right?
A.Only
from
the
USA
can
call
1-900-226-0300.
B.People
from
any
country
can
call
1-900-226-0300
now.
C.If
you
call
the
hotline
for
two
minutes,you
should
pay
$7.98.
D.Every
three
minutes
there
is
someone
calling
1-900-226-0300.
4.From
this
article(文章)we
know
________.
A.there
is
only
one
call
after
the
hotline
began
in
February
B.there
are
some
aliens
in
the
world
C.some
Americans
are
trying
to
send
information
about
humans
into
space
D.if
you
pay
$2.99
for
a
minute,you
can
talk
to
aliens
思路解析:1.A 文章第一句话以自问自答的方式,告诉了我们如果想要知道有没有外星人的办法——打电话。
2.B 从“If
you
want
to
talk
to
an
alien,you
only
need
to
visit
www.TalkToAliens.com”中可以看出,这是一个可以和外星人讲话的地方。
3.B 从“But
now,they
only
take
phone
calls
from
people
in
the
US.”可以看出,不是任何国家的人都可以打这个电话。
4.C 文章的最后一句话,告诉了我们科学家正尽力把邮件、照片和录像等送入太空。
黑色陷阱:
第2题中的网址并非我们习惯上的理解——查找信息或是资料,而是一个可以与外星人讲话的地方。第3题要注意是选择不对的答案,要审好题。
绿色通道:
这种科普类的文章,相对来说比较难懂,所以并不需要每句都理解,只要通过跳读的方式找出有用信息,可以带着问题去读文章,例如最后一题,也可以采用排除法把绝对不对的答案排除掉,缩小信息范围。
原创题
短文改错:(每行有一个错误)
It
is
important
working
at
your
computer
correctly.
1.________
You
should
sit
in
the
front
of
the
computer
for
too
long.
2.________
Make
sure
you
take
a
rest
for
your
eyes
or
your
body.
3.________
You
shouldn’t
sit
bad,either.Make
sure
that
4.________
your
chair,desk
and
computer
is
in
the
correct
place.
5.________
Don’t
hurt
you
hands-you
should
only
type
for
short
periods.
6.________
Make
sure
what
you
look
after
yourself
well.
7.________
思路解析:1.working→to
work
2.去掉第一个the in
the
front
of
表示“在……(内部的)前部”。
3.or→and 此处不应是选择关系,是眼睛和身体同时需要休息。
4.bad→badly 应该用副词修饰动词sit。
5.is→are 主语是多者并列,故是复数形式。
6.第一个you→your 此处应该用形容词性物主代词。
7.what→that make
sure后的that引导宾语从句。
黑色陷阱:本题是改错题,每一个错误都是一个陷阱,应认真审题,仔细分析,准确运用所学知识答题。
绿色通道:注意短文改错的几大常规错误:名词单复数和所有格,主谓搭配,形容词和副词的混用,并列结构的动词形式、谓语时态、固定搭配、连词混用等。
巧学法园地
不规则动词巧记
1.巧记AAA型动词
英语中有些动词的动词原形、过去式、过去分词三者一样,可以简记为:
击中 受伤 让 吐痰,
(hit hurt let spit)
去掉 花费 读 放 砍。
(rid cost read put cut)
2.巧记下列不规则动词
(A)
sink→sank→sunk
沉下
swim→swam→swum游泳
drink→drank→drunk喝
ring→rang→rung响
begin→began→begun开始
sing→sang→sung唱
记忆方法:沉下游泳把水喝,铃响开始唱山歌。
(B)
lie→lied→lied→lying说谎
lie→lay→lain→lying躺;位于
lay→laid→laid→laying产卵,下蛋
记忆方法:规则的说谎,不规则的躺,躺过就下蛋,下蛋又规则。
(C)
catch→caught→caught
teach→taught→taught
bring→brought→brought
buy→bought→bought
fight→fought→fought
think→thought→thought
seek→sought→sought
beseech→besought→besought(恳求)
记忆方法:有a则a,无a则o。
Module
5 Problems
语法·剖析·活用
If
从句(2)
if不仅可以构成“if+祈使句”
结构,
根据句意的需要,if
后面也可以接其他形式的句子。注意它有以下特点:
1.if
从句中用一般现在时,表示未来的一种条件,从句中可以加时间状语。如:
If
it
rains
tomorrow,we
won’t
have
a
school
trip.
如果明天下雨,我们将取消学校的郊游。
2.当if
表示未来的条件时,通常表示一种假设,这时如果主句是将来时态,从句要用一般现在时表示将来。如:
If
you
don’t
work
hard,you
will
fail
in
the
exam.
如果你不努力学习的话,考试你会通不过。
【活学活用】
根据问句写出自己的答案,注意时态。
1)If
you
worry
about
too
much,what
will
happen
to
you?
________________________________________
答案:If
I
worry
about
too
much,
my
head
will
ache.
2)If
you
get
up
late,what
will
you
do?
________________________________________
答案:If
I
get
up
late,
I
will
ask
my
father
drive
me
to
school.
3)If
you
eat
too
much,what
will
happen
to
you?
________________________________________
答案:If
I
eat
too
much,
I
will
put
on
weight.
4)If
you
get
lost
in
a
new
place,what
will
you
do?
________________________________________
答案:If
I
get
lost
in
a
new
place,
I
will
ask
the
policeman
for
help.
典题精讲
经典例题
阅读理解
(2010重庆中考)
Sunny
English
Club
For
students
16:00-18:00
Every
Saturday
200
yuan
a
month
9
Zhou
Yu
Street
Tel:3785290
Foreign
teachers,English
songs
and
films
and
more!Ocean
Museum
9:00-17:00
From
Thursday
to
Sunday
Ticket:50
yuan
132
Xue
Yuan
Street
Tel:5439871
Show
you
a
full
picture
of
sea
lives!
Health
Centre
9:00-17:30
16
Yong
Le
Street
Tel:3801451
Free
examinations
for
those
over
70
Give
you
good
advice
to
keep
healthy!
1.Sunny
English
Club
is
for
________.
A.nurses
B.policemen
C.businessmen
D.students
2.You
will
pay
________
if
you
want
to
stay
in
the
English
club
for
half
a
year.
A.300
yuan
B.600
yuan
C.1200
yuan
D.2400
yuan
3.You
can
visit
Ocean
Museum
________.
A.on
Saturday
B.on
Wednesday
C.on
Monday
D.anytime
4.One
can
get
free
examinations
in
Health
Centre
if
he
is
________.
A.9
B.17
C.67
D.73
5.If
you
are
interested
in
the
life
of
fish,you
should
go
to
________.
A.Health
Centre
B.Ocean
Museum
C.Sunny
English
Club
D.16
Yong
Le
Street
思路解析:本文以海报的形式介绍了阳光英语俱乐部、海洋博物馆、健康中心的一些基本信息。第一张海报的标题下面直接指出了第一题的答案D项。因为英语俱乐部的会费是一个月200元,半年就是1200元,所以第2题答案是C项。海洋馆的时间是周四到周六,所以第3题选A项。健康中心70岁以上免费,所以第4题选D项。鱼的生活只有在海洋馆才看得到,第5题选B项。
黑色陷阱:本文的陷阱之一是考查反映能力,也就是其中的2、3两题。
绿色通道:做这种表列举式的阅读题,主要考查细心和耐力,一定要眼和脑同时到位,既要看全面,又要思维缜密。
原创题
根据所给汉语提示,在短文的每个空白处填上一个适当的词,使句意完整、正确,将答案写在下面的横线上。
Someone
asks
1
we
learn
English
in
China.Because
it
is
2
of
the
world’s
3
important
languages
and
it
is
also
widely
used
4
the
modern
world.If
you
travel
all
over
the
world,you’ll
find
English
5 .It’s
widely
used
for
business
6
different
countries.And
three
quarters
of
the
world’s
books
and
newspapers
are
7 in
English.If
you
know
English,you
can
8 so
many
good
books.It’s
really
a
bridge
to
so
much
knowledge.
So
we
must
do
more
listening,speaking,reading
and
writing.If
you
work
hard
9
English,it’s
not
10
to
learn
it
well.
1.________
2.________
3.________
4.________
5.________
6.________
7.________
8.________
9.________
10.________
参考答案:1.why 2.one 3.most 4.in 5.everywhere 6.between 7.written 8.enjoy 9.on 10.difficult
思路解析:因为中文提示的存在,大大降低了文章的难度,要在提示的前提下,注意选词的准确性,还要注意中英文在语言习惯上的不同。
如:第5题,要用一个词准确地表达
“无处不在”;而第7题,在英语表达上要用被动语态,而非主动形式;
第9题,在某方面下工夫,结合所给work
hard...后加宾语要用介词on。
绿色通道:熟练运用固定搭配,并严格注意中英文的切换,注意英语动词分及物和不及物动词,不及物动词后不能加宾语,且没有被动的形式。
巧学法园地
if条件句歌诀
if是个连词,含义多多,其中一个含义是“如果”,可以用来引导条件状语从句。if条件从句的主要用法可用下面的口诀来概括:
if条件句不一般,几个要点记心间。
条件句放在前,逗号要放句中间。
条件句表可能,主句多用将来时;
条件句表事实,主句常用现在时。
if条件句有特点,现在时把将来替;
这个规则要牢记!
注释:(1)if引导的条件句位置灵活,可直接放在主句后面。如:
I’ll
only
stay
if
you
offer
me
more
money.
如果你肯多给钱,我就留下。
此外,if引导的条件句还可直接放在句首。不过,若放于句首,if条件句后面要加逗号和主句隔开。如:
If
you
go
to
the
party,you
will
have
a
great
time!如果你去参加晚会,你将玩得非常开心!
(2)如果if条件句谈论的是今后可能出现的情况,则主句大多用一般将来时。
(3)若条件句谈论的是客观事实,则主句大多用一般现在时。
(4)在if引导的条件状语从句中,通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时表示将来。
Module
6 Entertainment
语法·剖析·活用
直接引语和间接引语
直接引述别人的原话,叫做直接引语;用自己话转述别人的话,叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内,间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时,除将引语部分变成宾语从句外,还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。
变化内容
直接引语
间接引语
动词时态
主句谓语动词是过去时态
宾语从句的谓语动词作如下变化:一般现在时→一般过去时一般过去时→过去完成时一般将来时→过去将来时现在进行时→过去进行时现在完成时→过去完成时
主句谓语动词是一般现在时态或一般将来时态
宾语从句的谓语动词的时态不作任何变化
主句谓语动词是一般过去时态
动词表示客观真理仍用一般现在时态,不必变为过去时态;动词过去进行时态或过去完成时态保留,不必变化;有具体的过去时间状语,谓语动词用一般过去时态,不必变为过去完成时态。
人称/物主/反身等代词
第一人称
改为与主句的主语相同的人称
第二人称
改为第一人称
第三人称
不变
指示代词
this/these
改为that/those
时间状语
now,today,tomorrow,yesterday,ago
分别改为then,that
day,the
next
day,the
day
before,before
地点状语
Here
改为there
动词
Come
改为go
say
to
sb.
改为ask/want/beg/tell/order
sb.
【活学活用】
单项填空
1)A
computer
can
only
do
________
you
have
told
it
to
do.
A.how
B.after
C.what
D.when
答案:C 本题的what既是引导词,又是从句中do的宾语。
2)—Do
you
remember
________
he
came?
—Yes,I
do.He
came
by
car.
A.how
B.when
C.that
D.if
答案:A 从答语by
car
来看,应该问的是他来的方式。
3)He
asked
________
for
the
violin.
A.did
I
pay
how
much
B.I
paid
how
much
C.how
much
did
I
pay
D.how
much
I
paid
答案:D 注意间接引语要用陈述语序。
4)I
want
to
know
________
you
have
a
brother.
A.if
B.that
C.those
D.them
答案:A 要理解句意,然后确定引导词,if在句中意为“是否”。
5)(2010湖南长沙中考)
—What
did
your
mother
say
on
the
phone?
—She
asked
________.
A.why
did
I
fail
the
test
B.why
I
failed
the
test
C.why
did
you
fail
the
test
答案:B 间接引语要用陈述语序,排除A、C两项。
典题精讲
经典例题
例1 (2010河北中考)
Do
you
remember
________?
A.where
did
you
buy
the
dictionary
B.where
you
bought
the
dictionary
C.where
do
you
buy
the
dictionary
D.where
you
buy
the
dictionary
思路解析:首先判断空格处为宾语从句,要用陈述语序,排除A、C两项。因为主句的动词是一般现在时态,后面从句的时态不受主句限制,根据实际情况,应该用一般过去时,所以选B项。答案:B
黑色陷阱:陷阱之一是语序问题,之二是从句的时态。
绿色通道:注意当主句的主语是一般过去时态时,从句的时态要受主句限制。如果从句的主语是一般现在时,则根据具体情况选择时态。
例2 (2010浙江温州中考)
—Do
you
know
________?
—Yes.
He
came
here
for
his
sports
shoes.
A.why
did
he
come
here
B.when
he
came
here
C.why
he
came
here
D.when
did
he
come
思路解析:根据下面答语的提示,可以判断应该是询问来这里的原因,所以排除B、D两项;然后从语序上排除A项。答案是C项。答案:C
黑色陷阱:陷阱之一是引导词的确定,陷阱之二是宾语从句的语序问题。
绿色通道:注意上下文有一定的逻辑关系,任何一句话都不是白给的,所以一定要把题读完整,不能读到一半而盲目判断。
例3 (2010浙江中考)
—I
wonder
________.
—Zebras.
A.what
do
they
call
these
animals
B.how
they
call
these
animals
C.what
they
call
these
animals
D.how
do
they
call
these
animals
思路解析:从语序上可以直接排除A、D两项;
然后确定引导词,注意本题中隐含一个短语call
sb.
sth.,意为“叫/称呼……(某个名字)”,所选词一定要既能充当宾语,又能充当引导词。所以选C项。答案:C
黑色陷阱:在how
和what
的判断上,容易误解为“他们怎么称呼这些动物”,而根据此句意直接选how。但注意how是用来表示方式的,不能充当宾语。
绿色通道:宾语从句和间接引语考查的内容基本上就是时态、语序和引导词,但要注意如果从句内容是客观真理,一定要用一般现在时。
原创题
按顺序在文中标出间接引语的句子并把它改成直接引语。
It
is
my
first
day
in
the
new
term.
When
I
got
to
school,I
met
my
friend
Tina.She
said
I
looked
great.I
asked
her
where
she
had
gone
during
her
holiday.She
said
that
she
had
gone
to
Beijing
and
visited
the
Great
Wall.She
also
asked
me
if
I
had
had
a
good
time.
We
went
to
our
classroom
together
for
our
first
lesson.Mr.Ding
asked
what
we
did
during
the
holiday.Then
he
said
he
wanted
us
to
write
a
small
article
about
our
holiday.I
wrote
it
in
English.When
Mr.Ding
read
it,he
said
it
was
very
good.
After
school
I
went
back
home.I
told
my
parents
about
my
school
life.They
told
me
that
they
were
proud
of
me.
参考答案:
It
is
my
first
day
in
the
new
term.
When
I
got
to
school,I
met
my
friend
Tina.1.She
said
I
looked
great.2.I
asked
her
where
she
had
gone
during
her
holiday.3.She
said
that
she
had
gone
to
Beijing
and
visited
the
Great
Wall.4.She
also
asked
me
if
I
had
had
a
good
time.
We
went
to
our
classroom
together
for
our
first
lesson.5.Mr.Ding
asked
what
we
did
during
the
holiday.6.Then
he
said
he
wanted
us
to
write
a
small
article
about
our
holiday.I
wrote
it
in
English.When
Mr.Ding
read
it,7.he
said
it
was
very
good.
After
school
I
went
back
home.I
told
my
parents
about
my
school
life.8.They
told
me
that
they
were
proud
of
me.
1.She
said,“You
look
great!”
2.
I
said
to
her,“Where
did
you
go
during
the
holiday?”
3.She
said,“I
went
to
Beijing
and
visited
the
Great
Wall.”
4.She
also
asked,“Did
you
have
a
good
time?”
5.Mr.Ding
asked,“What
did
you
do
during
the
holiday?”
6.Then
he
said,“I
want
you
to
write
a
small
article
about
your
holiday.”
7.he
said,“It
is
good!”
8.They
said,“We
are
proud
of
you.”
思路解析:陈述句和疑问句的间接引语实际上就是宾语从句,所以做题过程中只要找出哪些是宾语从句即可。
黑色陷阱:直接引语和间接引语的转化过程中,人称、时态、时间状语、地点状语等都可以说是潜在的陷阱。
绿色通道:直接引语变间接引语时要注意人称代词及时态、语序等的相应变化。
巧学法园地
直接引语变间接引语时的人称变化规律
一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新。
注释:1.直接引语的主语是第一人称时,变间接引语时,人称代词要与主句的主语保持一致。
2.直接引语的主语是第二人称时,变间接引语时,人称代词要与主句的宾语保持一致。
3.直接引语的主语是第三人称时,变间接引语时人称代词保持不变。
Module?7?Feelings?and?expressions
语法·剖析
1.在英语中,后面接形容词作表语的动词叫做连系动词。在本单元中,我们主要学习感官类系动词。?
?
2.描述人的外貌与性格的形容词或名词归类如下:?
Age
Height
Size
Hair
Face
Impression
old,young,
middle-aged
tall,short
slim,heavy,well-built
long,short,straight,curly(卷曲的),dark,fair
glasses,beard,moustache
cheerful,friendly,lively,polite,rude,warm
典题精讲?
经典题型
?
填句子完成对话?
A:Hi,Bill!
You’re
reading
the
novel
again.?
B:Yes,Tom.I’ll
never
be
tired
of
it.?
A:? (1) ???
B:Three
times.Every
time
I
read
it,I
can
always
learn
something
new.?
A:Really?? (2) ??
B:Charles
Dickens.I
think
he
is
a
great
English
writer.What
about
you??
A:? (3) .He
is
also
my
favorite
foreign
writer.Please
let
me
have
a
look
at
it.?
B:OK,here
you
are!...
What
do
you
think
of
this
novel??
A:? (4) .I
haven’t
seen
such
a
novel
for
long.Where
did
you
buy
it??
B:In
the
Rose
Bookshop.?
A:I
don’t
know
where
it
is. (5) ???
B:No.Only
10
minutes’
walk
from
here,next
to
the
People’s
Cinema.?
A:Oh,I
see.I’m
going
there
to
get
one,too.Thank
you!?
B:You’re
welcome!?
参考答案:?
(1)How
many
times
have
you
read
it?
(2)Who
wrote
it/Who
is
the
writer?
(3)So
do
I/Me,too?
(4)It’s
exciting/wonderful/great?
(5)Is
it
far
from
here?
解析:?
(1)语境分析法:通读全篇对话可知A是Tom,
B是Bill,两人谈论的话题是关于Charles
Dickens的小说。根据本空前文“Bill,你又在看那本小说?”“是的,我永远不会厌倦。”可知Bill已经读过那本小说多次了,根据本空答语“Three
times(三次)”可知本空意为“你读那本小说多少次了?”,即答案为“How
many
times
have
you
read
it?”?
(2)本空答语为“Charles
Dickens(查尔斯·狄耿斯)”,从后文可知这是一个作家的名字,据此可推断本空询问该书的作者。?
(3)本空上文问句“What
about
you?”在此处的意思是“你觉得他怎么样呢?”根据上文Bill的话“我认为他是一个伟大的英国作家。”及本空后文Tom的答语“他也是我最喜爱的外国作家。”可推测Tom与Bill的看法一样,即“So
do
I.”或“Me,too.”?
(4)根据上文Bill的问句“你觉得这部小说怎么样?”及本空后文Tom的话“我很长时间没有看过这样的小说了,你在哪儿买的?”可推知Tom觉得那部小说很棒。?
(5)据下文“不,离这儿只有10分钟的路。”可推知本空是一个一般疑问句,意为“它(the
Rose
Bookshop)离这儿远吗?”?
黑色陷阱:
本题第(1)小题和第(3)小题较易出错。第(1)小题中考生易受上文时态的影响而误填为“How
many
times
are
you
reading
it?”
而结合文章语境可知本空的时态意义是指“动作(读小说)过去已经开始,持续到现在,而且还能继续下去”,因此该句应使用现在完成时态。第(3)小题中考生容易把“我和你看法一样”表达成“The
same
with
you!”,这不符合英语表达的习惯,表示“某人也一样”可以用“So+助动词/be动词+主语”的句型,表达“我也一样”还可用“Me,too.”来表示。
原创题?
根据表格提示,描述你最喜爱的歌手周笔畅,不少于80个词:?
Nickname
BB
Date
of
birth
June
26,1985
Place
of
birth
Changsha,Hunan
Height
164cm
Weight
50kg
Appearance
smart,big
eyes,short
hair,glasses
Personality
Friendly,kind,easygoing
Likes
music
Favorite
cityParis
参考答案:
?
My
favorite
singer
is
Zhou
Bichang.Her
fans
gave
her
an
interesting
nickname
BB
and
themselves
a
title
“Chalks”.She
was
born
in
Changsha,Hunan
on
June
26,1985.She
is
164cm
tall
and
50
kg
heavy.She
looks
very
smart.She
has
big
eyes
and
short
hair.She
wears
glasses.She
is
friendly
and
kind
to
others.She
is
very
easygoing.She
likes
listening
to
music
and
singing.Her
favorite?
city
is
Paris.?
绿色通道:用第三人称来介绍别人,使用一般现在时态,将所给要点写全面,注意句子的连贯性和准确性。
巧学法园地
简单句面面观?
1)主谓结构:
He
works
hard.?
主
谓
2)主谓宾结构:?I
like
apples.?
主谓
宾
3)主系表结构:?It?tastes?terrible.?
主
谓
表
4)主谓+间宾+直宾结构:Could
you?pass?me?the
salt??
主
谓
间宾
直宾
5)主谓宾+宾补结构:??Mom?asks?me?to
get
up
early.?
主
谓
宾
宾补
Module
8 Public
holidays
语法·剖析·活用
时间状语从句
在英语中,除了可以用介词短语作时间状语外,也可以用句子表达一件事情或一个行为发生的时间,这个句子就叫做时间状语从句。时间状语从句根据所表达的时间不同,所使用的连词也不同。
引导词
含义
例句
when
当……时候
Please
let
me
know
when
you
have
trouble.
as
soon
as
一……就……
We
began
to
work
as
soon
as
we
got
there.
before
在……之前
Mother
always
prepares
supper
before
I
come
back
from
school.
after
在……之后
I
will
go
out
to
play
with
you
after
I
finish
my
homework.
until
直到……
I
didn’t
go
to
bed
until
Mum
came
back.
while
当……时候
Do
not
make
any
noise
while
I
am
recording.
注意:
when和while的区别
when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,也可以是瞬间动词。如:
When
she
came
in,I
was
eating.她进来时,我在吃饭。(瞬间动词)
When
I
lived
in
the
countryside,I
used
to
carry
some
water
for
him.
住在农村时,我常常为他担水。(延续性动词)
while
连接时间状语从句时,表示主句的行为在从句行为过程之中发生。由于while从句表示一个持续的行为,所以从句中要用持续性动词或状态动词,并且持续性动词常用进行时态。如:
While
they
are
waiting
for
the
New
Year,they
listen
to
music,sing
songs
and
have
fun.
在等待新年到来的一段时间里,他们听音乐、唱歌、娱乐。
(从句动词为持续性动词,并且用进行时态;主句谓语动词的行为是在等待的过程中进行的。)
until引导的时间状语从句
如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬间动词时,必须用否定形式;如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时,用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表达的意思不同。如:
I
didn’t
go
to
bed
until(till)
my
father
came
back.
直到父亲回来我才上床睡觉。
【活学活用】
用所给的引导词连成时间状语从句
1)I
found
mother
cooking
for
me.I
got
home.(when)
________________________________________
答案:When
I
got
home,
I
found
mother
cooking
for
me./I
found
mother
cooking
for
me
when
I
got
home.
2)We
start
to
sing.It’s
12
o’clock.(as
soon
as)
________________________________________
答案:We
start
to
sing
as
soon
as
it’s
12
o’clock.
3)I
will
go
out
to
play
basketball
with
you.I
finish
my
homework.(after)
________________________________________
答案:I
will
go
out
to
play
basketball
with
you
after
I
finish
my
homework.
4)All
the
people
left.He
waited.(until)
________________________________________
答案:He
waited
until
all
the
people
left.
5)It
started
to
rain.We
were
playing
football.(while)
________________________________________
答案:It
started
to
rain
while
we
were
playing
football.
典题精讲
经典例题
(2010北京海淀毕业考试)
你也打算过个愉快的周末吧。请根据下面的四幅图片,描述你的计划。
Saturday
Sunday
afternoon
evening
morning
afternoon
I’m
going
to
have
a
nice
weekend.On
Saturday
morning.I’ll
visit
my
uncle.______________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
思路解析:根据本文开头所给句子,限定时态,并选择写作思路,四幅图是以时间顺序排列的,所以可以按时间的先后顺序着手写作。
参考答案:I’m
going
to
have
a
nice
weekend.On
Saturday
morning,I’ll
visit
my
uncle.In
the
afternoon,I
will
go
to
the
supermarket
to
buy
something.(I’ll
do
some
shopping
at
the
supermarket.)In
the
evening,I
will
watch
TV.On
Sunday
morning,I’m
going
to
do
my
homework.In
the
afternoon,I’m
going
to
play
football
with
my
friends.
黑色陷阱:本文的开头给出一个例句,实际上也起到了限制时态的作用,所以,后面每一句话的表达,都应该是符合一般将来时的用法。另外注意一点,四幅图所提示的内容要尽量写全。
绿色通道:解答看图类的习题要仔细观察,认真领会出题者的意图,拟好思路,然后再落笔,一定用上图中所给信息,可以适当扩展,图中的重要信息不能落下,抓住得分点。
原创题
完形填空
?Yuanxiao
Festival
1 Lantern
Festival, 2 the
15th
Day
of
the
first
lunar
month,marks(标志)the
3
of
the
Spring
Festival.The
Chinese
people
sometimes
call
it
?Yuanxiao?
Festival
4
they
like
to
eat
small
dumpling
balls
made
of
glutinous
rice(黏米)flour.Some
people
like
to
5
it
the
“Feast(节)of
Lanterns”
because
from
the
11th
century
of
the
Song
Dynasty,it
was
a
custom
to
hang
out
different
lanterns
on
the
15th
of
the
6
lunar
month.Today
the
displaying
is
still
a
big
event
7
China.People
enjoy
it.The
games
“Dragon
Lantern”
is
still
played
in
many
places
in
China.The
dragon-dance
is
8 difficult
to
perform
than
the
lion-dance,which
is
also
part
of
the
festival.
1.A.and
B.or
C.is
D.with
2.A.at
B.in
C.on
D.of
3.A.begin
B.beginning
C.end
D.ending
4.A.because
B.and
C.so
D.but
5.A.speak
B.talk
C.say
D.call
6.A.first
B.second
C.third
D
fourth
7.A.at
B.in
C.on
D.with
8.A.more
B.much
C.very
D.too
思路解析:做本题时注意上下句给出的相关提示,尤其是对于具有相同结构的句子,要充分利用信息。2、4、5、6题都可以根据这种方法来找出正确的答案。
答案:1.B 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.A 7.B 8.A
黑色陷阱:第1空容易误选C项,注意本句的谓语是后面的marks,所以本句不能是句子,只能是短语。
绿色通道:
注意上下文所给出的提示,不能忽略有用信息。完成之后要用代入的方法再检查一下,观察理解起来是否通顺。
巧学法园地
巧记10个瞬间性动词
在学习以when和while引导的时间状语从句时,用到了瞬间动词和延续动词。常见的瞬间动词有die(死),come(来),go(去),leave(离开),arrive(到达),begin(开始),buy(买),join(加入),borrow(借进,借出),return(归还)等。
这10个瞬间动词可用两句口诀来帮助记忆:
开始离去,借来还,
出生入死,买到家。
注释:
1.“开始离去,借来还”为begin,leave,go,borrow,come,return六词;
2.“出生入死,买到家”为join,die,buy,arrive四词。
3.各词改为相应的延续动词为:
begin→be
on,leave→be
away
from,borrow→keep,go→be,come→be
here,return→be
back,join→be
in,die→be
dead,buy→have,arrive→be
here等。
Module
9 Heroes
语法·剖析·活用
状语从句
在上一个模块中我们学习了用不同的引导词引导时间状语从句,在本模块中,我们介绍其他几种状语从句的具体应用。看下表所示:
名称
引导词
例句
原因状语从句
Because
She
didn’t
go
to
school
today
because
she
was
ill.
目的状语从句
so
that
She
dressed
like
a
man
so
that
she
could
join
the
army.
结果状语从句
So
He
got
up
too
late
so
he
missed
the
school
bus.
注意:目的状语从句中的时态表示未来,可能性;而结果状语从句中表示已经发生。
1.引导原因状语从句的连词
原因状语从句一般由because,
since,
as,
for引导,注意as,because,since和for的区别:
1)如果原因是构成句子的最主要部分,一般用because。because引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头。如:
I
missed
the
train
because
I
got
up
late.
注:对于以why开头的问句,一般只能用because引导的从句回答。
2)如果原因已为人们所知,或不如句子的其余部分重要,就用as或since,since比as稍微正式一些。as和since引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。如:
As
he
was
not
well,I
decided
to
go
there
without
him.
Since
this
method
doesn’t
work,
let’s
try
another.
3)for表示所说的理由是一种补充说明,for引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头。如:
I
decided
to
stop
and
have
lunch,
for
I
was
feeling
quite
hungry.
2.引导结果状语从句的连词
除so之外,还有so/such...that...,so
that等。
1)
so...that结构在某种情况下可以与enough
to和too...to结构相互转换。如:
She
is
so
short
that
she
can’t
reach
the
buttons
of
the
lift.
=She
is
too
short
to
reach
the
buttons
of
the
lift.
2)so
that也可以引导结果状语从句,意为“结果是,
以致”。如:
They
missed
the
bus
so
that
they
were
late
for
class.
3.引导目的状语从句的连词
so
that可引导目的状语从句,此时可用to或in
order
to替换,将其改为简单句。如:
He
got
up
early
so
that
he
could
get
to
school
on
time.
=He
got
up
early(in
order)
to
get
to
school
on
time.
【活学活用】
根据句意填上合适的引导词
1)I
want
to
be
a
singer
________
I
get
up
early
to
practice
singing
every
day.
答案:so
2)________
you
are
my
teacher,
you
couldn’t
mistake
me
either.
答案:Although
3)I
find
a
new
house
to
live
in________
the
old
one
is
far
from
my
company.
答案:because
4)________
she
has
time
tomorrow,
we
will
go
shopping
together.
答案:If
5)The
supper
was
ready
________
I
got
home.
答案:when
6)I
didn’t
sleep
last
night
________
I
finished
my
homework.
答案:until
7)You
should
take
off
your
shoes
________
you
go
into
the
lab.
答案:before
8)I
was
surfing
on
the
Internet
________
my
sister
was
watching
TV.
答案:while
9)________
I
finished
reading
the
book,
I
had
learnt
a
lot.
答案:After
10)He
likes
listening
to
music
________
he
doesn’t
like
singing
at
all.
答案:but
典题精讲
经典例题
例1 (2010河北中考)
—Could
you
tell
me
________
tomorrow
morning?
—Well,
it
will
start
at
9:00
o’clock.
A.when
the
meeting
will
start
B.where
will
the
meeting
start
C.where
the
meeting
starts
D.when
the
meeting
would
start
思路解析:本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句的从句要用陈述语序,Could
you...?表达委婉的语气,而不是过去时,根据答语可以知道引导词要用when,所以本题选择A项。
答案:A
黑色陷阱:本题容易错选D项,因为没有注意到句中could
不是表达过去时。
绿色通道:在含有宾语从句的复合句中,不管主句用什么语序,从句必须用陈述语序,时态取决于主句的谓语时态,即主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况选用不同的时态,主句是一般过去时,从句要用相应的过去时态。但应注意Could/Would
you...?表达委婉的语气,不是过去时。
例2 (2010江苏苏州中考)
—What
will
you
do
if
it
________tomorrow?
—I’ll
stay
at
home
and
watch
the
match
on
TV.
A.rain
B.rains
C.will
rain
D.is
raining
思路解析:本题考查if
引导的条件状语从句。主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。所以本题选择B项。
答案:B
黑色陷阱:本题容易错选C项。因为有的同学只注意tomorrow
应该用将来时,而忽略了if
从句。
绿色通道:本题的关键是if
引导的条件状语从句。主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。类似的还有as
soon
as,before,when,until
等引导的从句。
例3 (2010江苏南京中考)
We’ll
try
our
best
to
do
the
work
with________
money
and
________people.
A.little;few
B.a
few;
a
little
C.less;fewer
D.fewer;less
思路解析:本题考查less
和fewer
的用法。less后接不可数名词,fewer后接可数名词。所以本题选择C项。
答案:C
黑色陷阱:本题容易错选A项。许多同学不能正确理解句子的意思,将此题错误地用了原级。
绿色通道:money为不可数名词,只能用little,a
little
或less修饰;people
为可数名词的复数,应用a
few,few
或fewer修饰。
例4 (2010黑龙江哈尔滨中考)
The
boy
was
able
to
________himself
when
he
was
very
young.
A.dress
B.wear
C.put
on
D.have
on
思路解析:本题考查词组dress
oneself,意思是“自己穿衣服”。所以本题选A项。
答案:A
黑色陷阱:本题容易错选C项,因为没有搞清楚put
on
后接表衣服的名词,而不是接人。
绿色通道:做本题的关键是掌握dress的用法,以及和wear,put
on的区别。dress,
put
on,意思是“穿上”,表示动作;dress
之后通常接人,不接衣服;put
on后跟表衣服的名词;wear
意思是“穿着”,表示状态。
例5 (2010江苏徐州中考)
Don’t
make
me________this
or
that.I’m
too
busy!
A.to
do
B.do
C.doing
D.done
思路解析:本题考查make
sb.do的结构,所以本题选B项。
答案:B
黑色陷阱:本题容易错选A项,因为有的同学认为make
sb.后接动词不定式作宾语补足语。
绿色通道:make
sb.do
动词不定式作宾语补足语,应省略to,类似的词还有let,have
等。
原创题
看图表,用more,less或fewer完成练习。
Now
In
100
years
600
houses
1000
houses
A
lot
of
pollution
Almost
no
pollution
Seven
schools
Two
schools
2400
people
3500
people
A
lot
of
snow
A
little
snow
Six
movie
theaters
Two
movie
theaters
In
100
years...
1.There
will
be________
houses.
2.There
will
be
________
pollution.
3.There
will
be________schools.
4.There
will
be
________
people.
5.There
will
be________
snow.
6.There
will
be
________
movie
theaters.
思路解析:该题一方面考查学生识读图表、从图表中获取有关信息的能力,另一方面又考查对more,
fewer,less三词的掌握情况。
答案:1.more 2.less 3.fewer 4.more 5.less 6.fewer
黑色陷阱:fewer和less
都表示“更少”,但fewer只能修饰可数名词的复数;而less是little的比较级,它只能修饰不可数名词。
绿色通道:做对本题的关键是确切掌握more,
fewer
,less
的用法:more意为“更多”,既可修饰可数名词,又可修饰不可数名词;fewer意为“更少”,只修饰可数名词;less意为“更少”,只可修饰不可数名词。
巧学法园地
直接引语变间接引语巧记歌
变一般疑问句
去掉引号加if(或whether),陈述语序要记住。
时态、人称和状语,小心变化别马虎。
变特殊疑问句
直接去引导,陈述莫忘掉。
助动三兄弟(do,does,did),一定要去掉。
祈使句变间接引语
去掉引号要加to,asked,ordered
加“告诉”(told)
直引若为否定句,not加在to前部。
Module
10 My
perfect
holiday
初中英语考点剖析与典题精讲系列
三点剖析
单词·典句·考点
perfect
adj.
完美的,理想的
【经典例句】
Practice
makes
perfect.
熟能生巧。
Her
acting
is
really
perfect.
她的演技真到了炉火纯青的境界。
【考点聚焦】
1)反义词:imperfect
adj.有缺点的
2)扩展词:perfection
n.完美
silly
adj.
傻里傻气的
【经典例句】
Don’t
be
silly,that
insect
can’t
hurt
you.
别傻了,那虫子不会伤你的。
【考点聚焦】
注意silly,stupid和foolish的区别与联系:三个词都含有“蠢”意思,概括起来,相当与汉语中的“愚蠢;傻;笨”。
其中stupid意思最强,指智力、理解力和学习能力差;
silly指头脑简单,傻头傻脑;
foolish用的最普遍。
empty
adj.空的
【经典例句】
The
house
is
empty,no
one
is
living
there.这座房子是空的,没有人住。
【考点聚焦】
1)反义词:full
adj.满的
2)另外empty也可作动词“倒空”讲。
burn
v.
烧,烧焦,燃烧
【巧记提示】
born
(adj.天生的)?burn
(v.
烧焦)
【经典例句】
The
house
is
burning.房子烧起来了。
【考点聚焦】
掌握burn的相关短语:
burn
down把……烧成平地;burn
out熄灭,浇灭
burn
...
to
the
ground把……烧光(烧成平地)
burn
away烧光;burn
one’s
month烫痛了嘴
enough
adj.足够的,充足的
【经典例句】
Enough
is
as
good
as
a
feast.(谚)足食犹如筵席/知足常乐。
【考点聚焦】
1)enough作形容词修饰名词时一般放在名词前。
2)enough是就数量、程度而言,主要针对物质方面的需要。
3)enough后面接动词,要用不定式形式。
living
adj.生活的
【经典例句】
He
is
the
greatest
writer
living
today.他是当今在世的最伟大的作家。
Living
conditions
have
improved
here.
这里的生活条件已得到改善。
【考点聚焦】
3
living的常见短语有:
make
a
living谋生
living
condition生活条件
living
room起居室
simple
adj.
简单的
【巧记提示】
apple
(苹果)→simple
(简单的)
【经典例句】
He
lived
a
simple
life.他过着简朴的生活。
【考点聚焦】
注意simple和easy的区别:
simple作“简单的,容易的”解,指做起来不复杂,暗示能够很快被掌握。反义词为complex
“复杂的”。
easy作“容易的”解,指做起来不费力气,有“不难”的意味,反义词为difficult“困难的”。
manage
v.设法做到
【巧记提示】
mana(n.超自然力量)+-age(名词后缀,表示“行为”),有超自然的神力相助一定能设法做到。
【经典例句】
He
managed
to
get
the
work
done
with
little
help.他在没有人帮助的情况下设法完成了任务。
【考点聚焦】
1)固定搭配:
manage
to
do设法去做成(强调结果)
manage
a
business经商
manage
a
factory开办一家工厂
manage
a
naughty
boy对付一个淘气的孩子
2)注意下面两个短语的不同含义:
try
to
do
sth.意为“努力做某事”,不包含是否成功的意思。
manage
to
do
sth.意为“设法做某事,并已经完成”,表示经过努力达到目的。
短语·典句·考点
so...that...如此……以致……
【经典例句】
Linda
is
so
tired
that
she
couldn’t
go
any
more.
琳达是如此得累,以至于她再不能走下去了。
【考点聚焦】
1)so...that...引导结果状语从句。
2)在引导结果状语从句中,如果主从句的主语相同并且that从句是否定句的形式,可以用too...to...句型进行转换。如例句可转换为:Linda
is
too
tired
to
go
any
more.
not...at
all一点也不……,根本不
【经典例句】
I
don’t
want
to
stay
with
him
at
all.
我根本就不想和他待在一起。
【考点聚焦】
1)not
...
at
all表示否定的程度。
2)注意Not
at
all是“没关系,不用谢,不客气”之意。
3)请掌握含有all.的其他短语:
above
all首先,首要,最重要的是
after
all毕竟,终究
all
over遍及
all
along始终,一直
see
off送别……
【经典例句】
I
will
see
my
uncle
off
at
the
airport
tomorrow.
我明天要去机场为叔叔送行。
【考点聚焦】
1)see...off中的off是副词,宾语是代词时要放在短语中间,宾语是名词时放在中间和后面都可以。
2)掌握see的相关短语:
see
sb.
doing看见某人正在做某事
see
sb.
do
...看见某人做某事的全过程
stay
in
touch保持联系
【经典例句】
We
still
stay
in
touch
with
each
other
although
he
is
in
America
now.
虽然他现在在美国,我们仍然互相联系。
【考点聚焦】
1)touch在本短语中是名词,意为“接触,联系”。
2)关于名词touch的其他短语还有:
keep/stay
/be
in
touch
with
sb.与某人保持联系
get
in
touch
with
sb.与某人取得联系
in/out
of
touch
with
sb.与某人有/没有联系
lose
touch失去联系
fill...with
...用……填满……
【经典例句】
I
can
fill
my
empty
stomach
with
tomato
and
egg
soup.
我可以用西红柿鸡蛋汤来充饥。
【考点聚焦】
1)fill
A
with
B含义是“用B填满A”,本句式也可以转化成A
is
filled
with
B,本短语一般用来强调动作。
2)A
be
full
of
B含义是“A里充满了B”,强调状态。
3)辨析fill和full:
fill是及物动词,意为“装满,填满”,过去式和过去分词分别是filled
,filled。
full是形容词,意为“满的”,强调状态,反义词是empty;也可意为“饱的”,反义词是hungry。
如:—Would
you
like
to
have
some
more
cakes?
你还要再来点蛋糕吗?
—Thanks,but
I’m
full.
谢谢,我饱了。
难句·剖析·拓展
I’d
be
afraid
that
something
would
go
wrong
with
the
plane.
我恐怕飞机会出故障。
【剖析】1)be
afraid后面是一个that引导的表语从句,that只起连接作用,在句中不作句子成分。
2)“would
+动词原形”表示的是一种想像的情况。
【拓展】
go
wrong在本句中表示“(机器等)出毛病故障了”。
Although
Zheng
believes
that
basic
life
skills,
such
as
cooking
and
washing
clothes,
are
especially
important,
she
doesn’t
think
teenagers
get
enough
practice.
虽然郑相信像做饭和洗衣服这样的基本生活技能是尤其重要的,但她认为青少年们并没有得到足够的锻炼。
【剖析】
1)本句含有一个由although引导的让步状语从句。
2)注意在although引导的状语从句中,that
basic
life
skills
are
especially
important是一个宾语从句。
【拓展】
1)such
as表示举例时,后面通常是名词或短语,不接句子。
2)注意在英语中although不能和but连用。
3)在主语是第一人称,谓语动词是think,guess,expect等词的宾语从句中,如果要否定从句部分,要把否定词前移到主句部分。
They
don’t
learn
any
life
skills
until
they
go
to
college.
他们直到上大学才开始学一些生活技能。
【剖析】
1)本句中含有“not
...
until”句型,含义是“直到……才”。
2)注意any放在否定和疑问句中。
【拓展】
在not
...
until句型中,前面的谓语动词为非延续性动词。
In
his
opinion,
many
teenagers
depend
too
much
on
their
parents,
and
there
is
much
more
to
learn
than
cooking,
like“tidying
up
your
room
or
even
dressing
yourself
properly.”
以他的观点看,很多青少年太依赖父母了,不止是做饭,他们有更多的东西需要学习,例如“整理房间,甚至是恰当的着装”。
【剖析】1)本句是由and连接的并列句。
2)like在本句中是介词,后面接动词时要用动词的-ing形式。
【拓展】
1)dress
oneself指“穿衣服”,dress的宾语是人而不是衣服。dress作名词讲时,含义是“服装、童装、女装”。
3)动词dress可构成短语dress
up,意为“乔装打扮,穿上最好的衣服”。如:
The
children
are
dressing
up
as
pirates.
孩子们正在装扮成海盗。
she
likes
to
dress
up
for
a
party.
她喜欢把自己打扮得漂漂亮亮去参加晚会。
语法·剖析·活用
would
的几种常见用法
1.首先要清楚would
是will
的过去式。
1)同will的用法一样,would后面接动词原形。“...would
do...”是过去将来时的句子结构,一般它只用在从句当中。如:
Li
Ming
said
that
he
would
be
a
doctor
in
the
future.李明说他将来要作一名医生。
2)...would
like
to
do...是固定句式,表示“想要做某事”,相当于want
to
do
sth.。
疑问句形式要把would直接提前,否定句用wouldn’t。如:
What
would
you
like
to
eat?
你想吃点什么?
2.would还可以用来表达对未来的想像。如:
I
would
have
two
wings
and
then
fly
to
the
moon.我想有一对翅膀飞到月亮上去。
I
would
receive
a
lot
of
presents
on
my
birthday.我想生日时收到很多礼物。
so...that...句型
so...that...
可以用来引导表示程度结果的状语从句,含义是“如此……以至于……”。
so后面接形容词或副词的原级形式,表示程度;that
后面接从句表示这一程度会造成的影响。如:
He
was
so
excited
that
he
couldn’t
go
to
sleep
that
night.
他是如此兴奋,以至于那天晚上睡不着。
1)如果主从句的主语相同,并且从句是否定的形式,可以用too...to...句型转化。如:
He
was
too
excited
to
go
to
sleep.(与上句含义相同)
2)如果主从句的主语相同,但从句是肯定的形式,可以用adj.+
enough替换。如:
He
is
so
old
that
he
could
go
to
school.
=He
is
old
enough
to
go
to
school.他够大了,可以去上学。
although
引导的让步状语从句
由although连接的状语从句,相当于汉语中的“尽管……,(但是)……”,叫做让步状语从句(也可以用though引导)。如:
Although
I
am
only
sixteen,I
have
been
to
five
countries.
虽然我只有十六岁,但是我已经去过五个国家了。
注意体会汉语和英语某些地方的不同,在英语中的although和but不能同时使用,但可以与yet连用。如:
Although
he
is
a
foreigner,he
likes
China
very
much.
He
is
a
foreigner,but
he
likes
China
very
much.
【活学活用】
1.根据情景补全下面句子
1)Imagine
you
couldn’t
go
to
school
because
of
money.
I
would
________________________________________
答案:take
a
part
time
job.
2)Imagine
your
friend
misunderstood
you.________________________________________
答案:I
would
write
him
a
letter
to
explain
it.
3)Imagine
there
was
only
one
pear
for
you
and
your
brother.________________________________________
答案:I
would
give
it
to
my
brother.
4)Imagine
you
got
lost
in
a
strange
city.________________________________________
答案:I
would
call
110.
5)Imagine
you
didn’t
pass
the
exam
in
the
final
examination.________________________________________
答案:I
would
work
harder
next
term.
2.翻译句子
1)虽然昨天下雨了,但是我们玩得很开心。
________________________________________
答案:Although
it
rained
yesterday,we
had
a
good
time.
2)他是如此勇敢,救了那个小女孩的命。
________________________________________
答案:He
was
so
brave
that
he
save
the
girl’s
life.
3)她太伤心了,说不出话来。
________________________________________
答案:She
is
too
sad
to
speak.
4)我们来自不同的国家,但我们是朋友。
________________________________________
答案:We
came
from
different
countries,but
we
are
friends.
典题精讲
经典例题
完形填空
The
population
problem
may
1
one
of
the
greatest
in
the
world
today.The
world’s
population
is
growing
2 .Two
thousand
years
ago,there
were
only
250
million
people
3
the
earth.Four
hundred
years
ago,the
number
was
4
500
million.But
at
the
beginning
of
the
5
century,the
world’s
population
was
about
1700
million.In
1970,this
number
was
3600
million.In
1990,the
number
was
five
billion.A
UN
report
says
6 the
world
population
will 7 six
billion
by
the
end
of
the
20th
century.This
is
just
ten
8
after
it
9 five
billion.People
say
that
by
the
year
2010, 10 may
be
seven
billion.
1.A.am
B.is
C.be
D.are
2.A.faster
and
faster
B.fast
and
fast
C.fastest
and
fastest
D.faster
and
fast
3.A.in
B.on
C.at
D.for
4.A.nearly
B.more
C.almost
D.over
5.A.twenty
B.twelve
C.twentieth
D.twelfth
6.A.if
B.whether
C.that
D.what
7.A.past
B.pass
C.passed
D.passes
8.A.weeks
B.months
C.seasons
D.years
9.A.get
B.gets
C.reached
D.reach
10.A.this
B.its
C.one
D.it
思路解析:本题谈论人口这个社会问题。在通读原文的基础上,逐个分析。第1和第7题可直接通过动词will和may,后面接动词原形。第2题faster
and
faster表示“越来越……”。第3题on
the
earth是固定搭配,含义是
“在地球上”。第4题A、C两项含义相同,可以排除,over表示
“超过”,相当于more
than。第5题,从上下文的时间来看,应该是20世纪,要用序数词来表示,所以选C项。第6题says
后面只是单纯陈述,用that
引导。第9题reach
five
million含义是“达到五百万”。这个数字是1990年的数据,所以要用过去时。
参考答案:1.C 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.C 6.C 7.B 8.D 9.C 10.D
黑色陷阱:本文陷阱在第4题,在理解上A、C两项都说得通,但要选择最佳答案。
绿色通道:这种社会热点题,首先考查学生的社会洞察力和思维能力,其次还要考查知识的理解和运用。我们要兼顾全文,注意细节;在必要时大胆思维,敢于排除和否定,可以用直接判断法、推论法、排除法。
原创题
任务型阅读:
Do
you
know
how
the
Father’s
Day
came
from?
There
is
a
story
about
it.
A
woman
named
Sonora
Smart
Dodd
had
the
idea
for
Father’s
Day.Her
mother
died
when
she
was
a
baby.Her
father—Henry
Jackson
Smart,raised(抚养)her.Sonora
wanted
to
tell
her
father
how
important
he
was
to
her.She
thought
he
was
a
brave
and
loving
man.Sonora’s
father
was
born
in
June.She
chose
to
hold
the
first
Father’s
Day
celebration(庆典)in
Spokane,Washington
on
the
19th
of
June,1910.
In
1924
US
president
Calvin
Coolidge
announced(宣布)the
third
Sunday
in
June
as
father’s
Day.Roses
are
the
Father’s
Day
flowers.Red
roses
are
for
a
living
father
and
white
if
the
father
died.
1.The
________
Sunday
in
________
is
Father’s
Day.
2.Father’s
Day
is
celebrated
for
________________
father
for
the
first
time.
3.If
someone’s
father
is
dead,he
will
choose
________________
roses
for
him.
4.The
first
Father’s
Day
celebration
is
hold
in
Spokane
in________________.
5.________________
raised
Sonora.
思路解析:本文主要讲父亲节的由来,从第二段得知父亲节应该是六月的第三个星期天,所以第1题填third和June;第2题填Sonora’s;从最后一句话判断;第3题应该填white;第4题填1910;第5题应该填Her
father或Herry
Jackson。
答案:1.third;June 2.Sonora’s 3.white 4.1910 5.Her
father/Herry
Jackson
黑色陷阱:第2题是个陷阱,因为在填写的过程中,很多人容易忽略所有格的形式而只填写人名。第4题也是一个陷阱,因为所给的介词是in,所以只需要填写哪年就可以了,不必写月份和日期。
绿色通道:任务型阅读在某些问题回答或某些空的填写上,要思考细节,尤其注意介词所给的提示。
巧学法园地
时间前面介词的使用
周季月年in在前,几月几号却不妥。
具体日子要用on,in要泛指早中晚。
具体哪天上下午,用on换in不能忘。
中午夜里用at,具体几点前面坐。
说“差”要用to来接,说“过”只用past,
时间介词记分明,各种考试全通过!