牛津译林版英语八年级下册被动语态总结精讲及提高训练（Word精编版含答案）

八年级下册—被动语态
牛津译林版英语八年级下册
被动语态总结精讲及提高训练
熟记结构
被动语态的谓语结构：be
+过去分词(P.P)（再次复习熟练过去分词）
具体变化为：
★一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are
+P.P
★一般过去时的被动语态：was/were
+P.P
★一般将来时的被动语态：will/shall
+be
+P.P
现在完成时的被动语态：have/has
+been
+P.P
★含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词can/may/must/should
+
be
+PP.
明确用法
下列情况可判断用被动语态
①物作主语常用被动语态
e.g.
Luckily
his
missing
bike____was
found_____(find)
yesterday.
②句子中出现by
sb.
e.g.
Now
a
lot
of
work
can___be
done_____(do)
by
robots.
③动宾搭配中，动词后面的宾语提前作了主语
(如
ask/tell/invite
sb.
to
do等)
He
might___be
caught____(catch)
in
the
rain
yesterday.
In
the
old
days,
the
workers___were
made_____(make)
to
work
12
hours
a
day.
Don't
get
out
of
the
room
until
you___are
told____(tell)
to.
④根据句意，需要用被动
When
you___are
given___(give)
something,
you
should
say
"Thank
you."
熟练转换
主动语态变被动语态的方法，分三步走：
①主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语；
②谓语变成“be
+PP."；
③主语变成by后的宾语；
(有时by短语可以省略)
e.g.
They
make
TV
sets
in
that
factory.
(改为被动语态)
（注意时态一致）
→TV
sets
are
made
by
them
in
that
factory.
注意特例
①含双宾语的主动语态变成被动语态时，有两种方法：
将间接宾语sb.变为主语，直接宾语保持不变；
将直接宾语sth.变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。(draw,
make,
buy后加for)
e.g.
(1)
He
showed
us
his
photos
taken
in
Beijing
just
now.
→We
were
shown
his
photos
taken
in
Beijing
just
now.
→His
photos
taken
in
Beijing
were
shown
to
us
just
now
(by
him).
e.g.
(2)
Her
father
bought
her
a
present.
→She
was
bought
a
present
by
her
father.
→A
present
was
bought
for
her
by
her
father.
②make/let/
see/
hear/watch/listen
to/
notice
sb.
do
sth.改为被动时，主动中省略的to必须补上
(如make
sb.
do
sth.→sb.
be
made
to
do
sth,
e.g.
I
heard
the
girl
sing
in
the
next
room.→The
girl
was
heard
to
sing
in
the
next
room.
③动词短语的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将动词短语视为一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。
e.g.
The
nurse
takes
good
care
of
the
child.
(被动语态)
→The
child
is
taken
good
care
of
by
the
nurse.
牢记句型
课本中与被动语态相关的句型：
①be
covered
with被....覆盖
②be
made
of
由.....制成(看得见原材料)
be
made
from由....制成(看不见原材料)
be
made
in由某地制成
be
made
by由某人制成
③be
used
for被用来.....
be
used
as被当......使用
be
used
to
do
sth.被用来做某事
④It
is
said
that...据说
It
is
reported
that...据报道
It
is
well
known
that...
众所周知
⑤be
born...出生
⑥be
made
up
of..
...组成
⑦be
filled
with...充满着...
注意
★不使用被动语态的情况
①连系动词如get;
become;
turn
(变);
keep(保持);
feel(感到，摸起来);
seem(似乎);
smell;
taste;
sound
(听起来);
look
(看上去);
fall
(asleep);
stay
(happy)保持;
go
(bad)变质;
come
(true)成真；
②不及物动词如happen;
die;
appear;
disappear;
last(持续);
end;
rise;
cost(值);
grow(增长);
fall(下降);
change
(变化);
open
(开放;营业);
lie(位于);
close
(关门、打烊);
③下列词组或句型
1.（在强调物体性能时，多用主动代替被动，如：
sell
well
(畅销)
;
wash
well;
grow
well;
write
well;
ride
well;
carry
easily;
drive
easily...
2.break
down
(抛锚);
come
out
(出版、开花、冲印)
;
take
place(发生)
...
3.The
child
is
easy/hard
to
take
care
of...
4.The
garden
needs
watering.=The
garden
needs
to
be
watered.
Exercises:
一、单项选择:
1.
English__________
in
many
countries,
but
Chinese___________their
own
language.
A.
is
spoken;
speaks
B.
speaks;
is
spoken
C.
is
spoken;
speak
D.
is
spoken;
is
spoken
2.
---Did
you
go
to
Jim's
party?
---No,
I_____________.
A.am
not
invited
B.
wasn't
invited
C.haven't
invited
D.
didn't
invite
3.
Quite
a
few
new
laws
and
rules
on
food
safety_______________into
use
last
month
A.
were
putting
B.
have
been
put
C.
were
put
D.
put
4.
Great
changes____________
in
my
hometown
and
a
lot
of
factories____________.
A.
have
been
taken
place;
are
being
built
B.
have
taken
place;
have
been
built
C.
are
taken
place;
have
built
D.
took
place;
will
be
built
5.
The
cakes
in
the
restaurant___________,
so
they__________well.
A.
are
tasted
better,
are
sold
B.
are
tasted
well;
sell
C.
taste
terrible;
are
sold
D.
taste
nice;
sell
6.To
make
our
city
more
beautiful,
rubbish_____________into
the
river.
A.
needn't
be
thrown
B.
mustn't
be
thrown
C.
can't
throw
D.
may
not
throw
7.
---It
has
rained
for
nearly
two
weeks.
Will
it__________long?
---No.
It's___________we'll
have
a
fine
weekend.
The
sun
will
shine
again.
A.
rain;
report
B.
last;
reported
C.
stop;
reported
D.
lasted;
report
8.
I
like
my
new
bike.
It_________very
well.
A.rides
B.
is
riding
C.
is
ridden
D.
has
ridden
9.Today,
the
forests
have
almost
disappeared.
People
must___________down
too
many
trees.
A.
stop
to
cut
B.
stop
from
cutting
C.
be
stopped
to
cut
D.
be
stopped
from
cutting
10.
Mrs.
Green
wants
to
buy
that
kind
of
cloth
(布)
because
she________that
the
cloth______very
well.
A.
has
been
told;
washes
B.
has
told;
washes
C.
has
been
told;
is
washed
D.
is
told;
is
washed
二、把下列句子改写成被动语态：
1.
My
parents
bough
me
a
nice
gift
last
weekend.
→A
nice
gift____________________________________.
→I____________________________________________.
I
will
send
the
children
in
poor
areas
some
books
tomorrow.
→Some
books___________________________________.
→The
children
in
poor
areas____________________________________.
John
often
makes
us
laugh.
→_____________________________________________.
Amy
didn't
lock
the
door
last
night.
→_____________________________________________.
The
Special
Olympics
World
Games
include
many
events.
→______________________________________________.
三、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空：
1.
Last
Friday
afternoon
the
young
man____________(hurt)
in
the
traffic
accident
on
the
highway.
2.
Can
food_____________(keep)
properly
in
a
fridge
at
an
unsuitable
temperature?
3.
The
room_____________(use)
as
our
kitchen
in
the
future.
4.
Usually,
the
thunder
is____________(hear)
after
the
lightning.
5.
Not
only
Sandy
but
also
her
friends____________(choose)
as
members
of
the
Computer
Club.
6.
An
e-mail
address____________(need)
when
you
want
to
send
an
e-mail.
7.
You
can
watch
TV
after
your
homework____________(do).
8.
All
the
rules______________
(explain)
to
us
clearly
before
the
game
started.
9.
The
doctor
will
operate
on
her
as
soon
as
she____________(send)
to
the
hospital.
10.---Excuse
me,
when
can
we
play
badminton
at
the
court?
---Not
until
it____________
(repair)
next
week.
11.
Every
day
an
old
man
can
be
seen______________(clean)
the
street
in
the
morning.
12.
I
really
hope
the
meeting_______________
(end)
in
ten
minutes.
13.
This
kind
of
books___________well
and
they____________out
last
week.
(sell)
14.
---Does
the
course_____________any
listening
practice?
---Yes.
Both
listening
practice
and
writing
practice_______________
(include).
四、完成下列句子：
1.必须采取措施阻止此类事故在我校发生。
Something______________________this
kind
of
accident__________________in
our
school.
2.老师要求我们保持教室的清洁。
We_____________________________________________________by
the
teacher.
3.消防队员将很快控制火势。
The
fire_________________________________________________by
the
fireman.
4.这本字典是不可以被带出图书馆的。
The
dictionary_______________________________________________________.
5.上课时让你站起来你再站。
Please____________________stand
up
in
class_____________________________.
6.这些孩子已经得到了很好的照料。
The
children
have_____________________________________________________.
7.去年他被迫给他的老板一天工作十五个小时。
He_____________________________________for
his
boss
15
hours
a
day
last
year.
参考答案
单项选择
CBCBD
BBADA
改写句子
1.A
nice
gift
was
bought
for
me
by
my
parents
last
weekend;
/I
was
bought
a
nice
gift
by
my
parents
last
weekend.
2.Some
books
will
be
sent
to
children
in
poor
areas
by
me
tomorrow.
/The
children
in
poor
areas
will
be
sent
some
books
by
me
tomorrow.
3.We
are
often
made
to
laugh
by
John.
4.The
door
wasn’t
locked
by
Amy
last
night.
5.Many
events
are
included
by
thee
Special
Olympics
World
Games.
动词填空
was
hurt
be
kept
will
be
used
is
heard
were
chosen
is
needed
is
done
were
explained
is
sent
is
repaired
to
clean
will
end
sells;
were
sold
include;
are
included
完成句子
must
be
done
to
prevent;
from
happening
are
asked
to
keep
our
classroom
clean
will
be
controlled
soon
cannot
be
taken
out
of
the
library
don’t;
until
you
are
told
to
been
taken
good
care
of
was
made
to
work