译林高中英语模块5 Unit 1 Getting along with others 语法复习课件（39张PPT）

(共39张PPT)
M5U1
Grammar
&
Revision
Grammar
动词不定式
动名词
He
appears
to
be
very
happy.
It
happened
to
be
raining
when
I
got
there.
He
pretends
to
have
read
that
book.
I‘m
sorry
to
have
been
interrupting
you.
He
asked
to
be
sent
to
the
place
where
he
was
most
needed.
The
novel
is
said
to
have
been
translated
into
many
languages.
We
decided
not
to
go
out
because
of
the
bad
weather.
动词不定时的各种形式
注意：谓语动词的否定和不定式的否定不同的意义
I
did
not
promise
to
wake
him
up.
我没有答应叫醒他。
I
promised
not
to
wake
him
up.
我答应了不叫醒他。
Practice
I'm
sorry___________________________.
我很抱歉把你的钥匙弄丢了。
He
is
said__________________________.
据说他正在国外读书。
He
is
warned
_______________after
drinking.
他被警告酒后不能开车。
He
doesn’t
like
__________________.
他不喜欢被嘲笑。
to
have
lost
your
key
to
be
studying
abroad
not
to
drive
to
be
laughed
at
To
tell
her
the
truth
is
foolish.
I
want
to
meet
you
this
afternoon.
All
I
can
help
you
is
to
finish
it
quickly.
He
needs
a
chair
to
sit
on
.
She
came
here
to
visit
the
scholar.
I
warned
the
patient
not
to
eat
cold
water
after
the
operation.
动词不定时的用法
主语
宾语
表语
定语
状语
宾补
不定式作主语
重点：
形式主语
it
在很多情况下，人们通常用it作为形式上的主语，而把不定式移到谓语之后，使句子结构显得平稳一些。
It
is
impossible
to
finish
the
work
today.
To
finish
the
work
today
is
impossible.
注意：
当主语和表语都是不定式时，不能用形式主语代替动词不定式。
To
respect
others
is
to
be
respected.
尊重别人就是尊重自己。
难点：
有些作表语的不定式，在结构上是主动，但在意义上却是被动的。
She
is
to
blame.
她应该受到责备。
The
house
is
to
let.
此房出租。
The
result
is
not
long
to
see.
结果不久就会看到。
不定式作表语
重点1：
形式宾语
it
在feel,
find,
make,
think,
consider等动词后，如果宾语带有宾语补足语时，人们常常用it作形式宾语，而把真实宾语放在宾语补足语之后。
I
found
it
possible
to
work
out
the
problem.
I
feel
it
a
great
honor
to
be
invited
to
the
party.
不定式作宾语
重点2：
不定式作介词的宾语
不定式可以作介词but和except的宾语。
He
had
no
choice
but
to
sit
there
as
usual.
He
did
nothing
but
sit
there
as
usual.
不定式作宾语
难点：在表示“希望、打算”等动词，如hope,
expect,
intend,
mean,
want等）的过去式后，可接动词不定式的完成式来表示没有实现的动作。
I
expected
to
have
met
him
here
last
night.
=
I
had
expected
to
meet
him
here
last
night.
我以为昨天晚上能在这里见到他。（但没做到）
不定式作宾语
重点1：在表示感觉的动词后作宾语补足语，并且不定式都不带to。这类动词有：see,
hear,
feel,
watch,
notice,
observe,
look
at,
listen
to等。
I
heard
him
sing
yesterday.
Did
you
see
her
go
out?
不定式作宾补
注意：转为被动语态时，原不带to的不定式要变成带to的不定式。
I
saw
the
car
stop.
The
car
was
seen
to
stop.
重点2：在使役动词后作宾语补足语，不定式不带to。
这类动词有：make,
let,
have等。转为被动语态时，其后通常都用带to的不定式（have没有被动语态）。
不定式作宾补
What
would
you
have
me
do?
He
was
made
to
cry
by
his
little
brother.
表示行为的目的、结果、原因、条件等。
I'm
saving
money
to
buy
a
smart
phone.
What
have
I
said
to
make
you
so
angry?
He
got
to
the
station
only
to
find
the
train
had
gone.
I
am
happy
to
see
you
here.
不定式作状语
重点句型
1）
so
...
as
to
do
Would
you
be
so
kind
as
to
lend
me
your
car?
2）
such
...
as
to
do
We
are
not
such
fools
as
to
believe
him.
3）
enough
to
do
He
didn't
run
fast
enough
to
catch
the
train.
4）
only
to
do
He
lifted
a
rock
only
to
drop
it
on
his
own
feet.
5）
too
...
to
do
His
eyesight
is
too
poor
to
read
such
small
letters.
不定式作状语
The
meeting
to
be
held
tomorrow
is
important.
The
meeting
which
will
be
held
tomorrow
is
important.
不定式作定语
不定式作定语通常放在其修饰的名词或代词之后，和被修饰的名词或代词之间是主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系和修饰关系。
He
is
always
the
first
person
to
come.
He
can
find
no
one
to
make
friends
with.
He
broke
his
promise
to
write
to
us
regularly.
I
need
somewhere
to
take
a
nap.
主谓关系
动宾关系
同位关系
修饰关系
为了表明动词不定式的动作发出者是谁，需要用动词不定式的复合结构：for
sb.
to
do
,
它常用于it
作形式主语或形式宾语的动词不定式作主语或宾语的结构中。
It’s
important
for
us
to
learn
English
well
in
modern
society.
We
find
it
important
for
us
to
learn
English
well
in
modern
society.
动词不定式的复合结构
It
is
+形容词+of
sb.
to
do
形容词表示人物的性格和特征，如kind,
silly,
good,
clever,
wrong,
right,
foolish,
stupid,
careless,
rude,
impolite,
bold,
thoughtful,
honest,
bad,
naughty等。在“It
is
+形容词+for
sb
+不定式”结构中，形容词通常表示事物的性质，如important,
possible,necessary,
difficult,
hard等。
It's
kind
of
you
to
think
so
much
of
us.
How
careless
it
is
of
him
to
break
the
bottle!
1
在why引起的一些问句中，疑问词直接跟动词原形或not+动词原形。
Why
make
so
much?
Why
not
join
us?
不定式符号
to
的省略
2
如不定式前有行为动词do，在表语从句中的不定式和介词
except或but之后的不定式可不带to。
The
only
thing
I
could
do
was
go
home.
They
could
do
nothing
but
wait
for
the
doctor
to
come.
3
在had
better,
had
best,
would
rather,
would
rather...than,
would
sooner,
would
sooner...than,
cannot
but,
cannot
choose
but,
cannot
help
but等结构后直接跟动词原形或not
+动词原形。
You'd
better
wait
for
them
to
come.
We
cannot
help
but
admire
his
courage.
我们情不自禁地钦佩他的勇气。
不定式符号
to
的省略
4
在两个动词不定式并列使用时，为了避免重复，后面的不定式符号to可省略。
The
little
girl
hardly
knew
whether
to
laugh
or
cry.
5.在help之后，既可用带to的不定式也可用不带to的不定式。
Can
I
help
(to)
carry
the
box
for
you?
不定式符号
to
的省略
6
在感官动词see,
hear,
watch,
feel,
notice以及使役动词make,
let,
have等后作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to。
She
watched
the
children
cross
the
street.
7.在一些固定搭配中用不带to的不定式。
He
let
go
the
rope.
他松开了绳子。
I
hear
say
there
will
be
an
earthquake
soon.
我听说不久就要有一次地震。
She
made
believe
she
was
innocent.
她假装清白。
不定式符号
to
的省略
为了避免重复上文中出现过的动词，可以用不定式符号to来代替上文中出现过的不定式结构。
---Did
you
go
to
the
party?
---I
wanted
to,
but
I
was
too
busy.
---May
I
use
your
car?
---No,
I
forbid
you
to.
如果动词不定式是to
be或to
have，则一般不省。
---
Did
you
finish
the
work
你的工作完成了吗？
---
No,
but
I
hoped
to
have.
没有，但我希望已经完成了。
不定式符号
to
难点
①The
children
all
turned
____
the
famous
actress
as
she
entered
the
classroom.
A．looked
at　　　　
B．to
look
at
C．to
looking
at
D．look
at
解析：句意：当这位著名的女演员走进入教室时，所有的孩子都转过头去看她。此处用to
look
at表目的。
答案：B
动词不定式作目的状语
②She
returned
home
from
the
office，only
____
the
door
open
and
something
missing.
A．has
found
B．to
be
found
C．to
find
D．found
解析：由句意：她从办公室回到家，结果发现门开着，也丢了东西。知only
to
find作结果状语，表出乎意料的结果。
答案：C
动词不定式作结果状语
动名词
动名词的功能汇总
1.
作主语
2.
作表语
3.
作宾语
4.
作定语
Swimming
is
her
favorite
sport.
I
don’t
mind
being
ignored
here.
She
listened
carefully
to
her
neighbors
speaking.
I
remember
not
closing
the
door.
We
like
his
way
of
teaching
English.
动名词的各种形式
主动
被动
一般式
doing
being
done
完成式
having
done
having
been
done
V-doing
句型:
It’s
no
use
/
no
good
doing…
It’s
worth
doing…
It’s
a
waste
of
time
doing…
It
is
worth
visiting
the
city.
It
is?no?use?crying?for?over?split?milk.
There
be
no
doing…
There
is
no
telling
what
he
will
do
next.
There
is
no
saying
what
he
will
do
next.
There
is
no
joking
about
such
things.
动名词的用法
难点
Reading
is
a
great
pleasure.
To
read
detective
stories
on
a
rainy
night
is
a
great
pleasure.
Living
in
big
cities
has
its
advantages
and
disadvantages.
To
live
in
a
big
city
is
the
dream
of
this
young
man
from
the
countryside.
动名词的用法
难点
To
do:
具体,
特指
Doing:
抽象,
泛指
admit
doing
imagine
doing
delay
doing
consider
doing
mind
doing
avoid
doing
allow
doing
can’t
help
doing
feel
like
doing
can’t
stand
doing
put
off
doing
keep
on
doing
be
fond
of
doing
常带doing
作宾语的动词
常带doing
作宾语的动词短语
get/be
used/
accustomed
to
doing
be
devoted
to
doing
get
down
to
doing
look
forward
to
doing
lead
to
doing
pay
attention
to
doing
stick
to
doing
介词
to
后带doing
作宾语的常见动词短语
To
do/V-ing
作动词宾语辨析
He
tried
________
(
solve)
the
problem,
but
he
couldn’t.
My
teacher
suggested
me
trying
_______
(do)
in
another
way.
I
had
meant_________(come)
,
but
I
couldn’t
get
away
from
my
work.
Not
being
late
for
school
means
_________(get)
up
early.
Please
remember
_________(post)
the
letter
for
me
on
your
way.
I
remember
_________(
see)
him
somewhere
before.
I
regret
____________(
inform)
you
that
you
are
wrong.
I
regretted
_____________(
waste)
my
time
playing
computer
games.
to
solve
doing
it
to
come
getting
to
post
seeing
to
inform
wasting
重点词汇
Get
through
I
tried
calling
him
several
times
but
I
couldn’t
get
through.
Thousands
of
villagers
will
die
if
these
supplies
don’t
get
through
to
them.
The
little
boy
couldn’t
get
through
to
his
teacher.
We
got
through
a
fortune
while
we
were
in
Beijing.
You
will
never
know
how
he
got
through
the
hardships.
get
through
(to
sb.)
接通（某人的）电话
get
through
to
sb.
运达至某人处；让人理解/听懂
get
through…
用完
get
through…
熬过
（某段时间）
重点词汇
Base
V.
&
N.
This
news
report
is
based
entirely
on
fact.
One
should
always
base
one's
opinions
on
facts.
Based
on
this
novel,
the
film
is
very
popular
at
present.
The
lamp
has
a
heavy
base.
重点词汇
Committed
adj.
He
is
a
committed
member
of
the
team.
The
President
is
committed
to
reforming
health
care.
=
The
President
is
committing
himself
to
reforming
health
care.
As
a
couple,
they
are
committed
to
each
other.
commit
用法
commit-
committed-
committed-
committing
committed
adj.
坚定的；效忠的
be
committed
to
doing
致力于做某事
commit
oneself
to
doing
致力于做某事
be
committed
to
sb/commit
oneself
to
sb
对……忠诚
重点词汇
overcome
He
finally
found
a
solution
to
overcome
his
fear
of
flying.
(=
get
over)
The
night
before
the
test,
I
was
overcome
by
despair.
词组复习
1.
If
you
___________________
now,
she
will
probably
forgive
you
for
that.
2.
It
is
widely
accepted
that
art
must
__________________
life.
3.
Heavy
rains
have
prevented
food
supplies
from
__________________.
4.
Our
club
welcomes
all
new
members
_______________age.
5.
If?you?don't?know?what?you?want,?you?might?___________?getting?something?you?don't?want.
6.
We
____________
him
to
help
us
since
he
is
so
experienced.
7.
______________her
support,
we
successfully
completed
the
work.
rely
on;
regardless;
thanks
to;
make
an
apology;
result
in;
end
up;
get
through;
be
anchored
in;
pick
up
make
an
apology
be
anchored
in
getting
through
regardless
of
end
up
rely
on
Thanks
to