(共15张PPT)
中考语法之现在完成时
2019.12
。
考点透视
知识
定位
能力要求
肯定
否定
疑问
标志词
隐含语境
易混句式
变化规则
瞬间性动词变延续性动词
形式
考点诠释
肯定形式:主语+have/has
done
sth.
否定形式:主语+have/has
not
done
sth.
(have
not=haven't;
has
not=hasn't)
疑问形式:1)一般疑问句:
Have/Has+主语+done
sth?
2)特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
过去分词变化规则
考点诠释
规则(与变过去式相同)
举例
1.一般情况,在动词词尾直接加ed
work---worked
2.以e结尾的动词,加d
live---lived
3.重读闭音节结尾的动词,要先双写词尾字母,再加ed
stop---stopped
4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,变y为i,再加ed
study---studied
注意:熟记过去式和过去分词的不规则变化形式
使用条件
使用条件
时间状语
1.表动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间,但对现在留下了某种影响和结果
被just,already,yet,still等副词修饰
2.表从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止,可能仍在进行
带有for+时间段、since+时间点、these
days、so
far、in
the
past/last
few
days、till/until
now、up
to
now、recently、lately等表一段时间的状语
3.表说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经验,译为“过”
带有twice,ever,never,three
times等时间状语
时间状语:辨析
副词already、yet
“已经”
already:一般用于肯定句中,
yet:一般用于否定句和疑问句中
ever“曾经”、
never“从未”
多用于否定句或疑问句中,
just,before,up
to
now,
the
past
few
years等
表示到说话为止的过去时间状语
now,today,this
morning(month,year,term)等
包括“现在”在内的时间状语,常考对现在的影响和结果
易混句式
考点诠释
1.have
been
(to)
表“去过某地(现在已经回来了)”,可用于各人称,可与once,never,several
times等连用
2.have
gone
(to)
表“去了某地(说话时某人不在当地)”,常用于第三人称,不与once,never,several
times等连用
词性转变
现在完成时中,瞬间性动词(肯定式)不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。若句中使用“一段时间”状语时,应变为相应的延续性动词或系表结构
瞬间性动词
延续性动词
arrive
in(at)/reach/get
to
be
here/in/at
leave
be
away
go
out
be
out
open
be
open
catch(a
cold)
have(a
cold)
close
be
closed
die
be
dead
get
up
be
up
put
on
wear/be
on
词性转变
瞬间性动词
延续性动词
finish/end/stop
be
over
go
to
school
be
a
student
borrow
keep
begin/start
be
on
come
back
be
back
fall
ill/sick/asleep
be
ill/sick/asleep
join
be
in/
be
a
member
of
buy
have
become
be
marry
be
married(to)
wake
up
be
awake
1.Students
in
Beijing_____away
many
books
to
the
Hope
School
since
2009.
A.
have
given
B.give
C.gave
D.will
give
2.---Why
is
Mr.Yang
still
in
the
teacher's
office?
---Maybe
he______his
work
yet.
A.
doesn't
finish
B.hasn't
finished
C.haven't
finished
D.didn't
finish
真题直击
√
√
3.---Your
shoes
are
so
old.Why
don't
you
buy
a
new
pair?
---Because
I_____all
my
money
on
an
IPAD.
A.
spend
B.have
spent
C.am
spending
D.was
spending
真题直击
√
影响、结果:前后有因果关系
4.---Hello,may
I
speak
to
Miss
Wang?
---Sorry,she
isn't
in.She______the
office.
A.
has
been
to
B.has
gone
to
C.has
been
away
真题直击
√
5.He______Luzhou
for
three
months.
A.
has
left
B.has
come
to
C.has
gone
to
D.has
been
away
from
6.
---Did
you
borrow
the
comic
book
from
the
library?
---Yes.I_____it
for
three
days.I'll
return
it
this
afternoon.
A.
borrowed
B.kept
C.have
borrowed
D.have
kept
真题直击
√
√
复习指导
重点
难点
易混
现在完成时的形式:肯定、否定、疑问
过去分词的变化规则
现在完成时的使用条件(标志词)
根据语境正确使用
{
{
{
“时间段”状语中使用现在完成时
have
been
to与have
gone
to
Thank
You
!