小升初复习专题——音标教学

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名称 小升初复习专题——音标教学
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科目 英语
更新时间 2020-06-23 19:26:49

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语音知识:
1)
字母:语言的书写形式。元音字母只有a,e,i(y),o,u
2)
音素:音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。即20个元音音素和28个辅音音素.
3)
元音:发音响亮,是乐音;口腔中气流不收阻碍;是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。
4)
辅音:发音不响亮,是噪音;口腔中气流受到阻碍;不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。
5)
音节:由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap'ple,stu'dent,tea'cher,un'der'stand。
6)
开音节:
a)
辅音+元音+辅音+e
name
bike
home
due;
b)
辅音+元音
he,go,hi。
7)
闭音节:
a)
辅音+元音+辅音
bad,bed,sit,hot,cup;
b)元音+辅音it。
8)
重读音节:单词中发音特别响亮的音节。
读音规则
  1)
重读音节(见元音和辅音的例句)。
  2)
非重读音节
[
]
banana,student,today,after,[i]
orange,secret,evening,very,Monday。
特殊读音
  1)音的连读:前面的词以元辅音结尾,后面的单词以元音开头,这样结尾的辅音要和开头的元音连读。
not
at
all,half
an
hour,I
love
you
and
all、after
all。
  2)失去爆破:辅音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等,前面的辅音要失去爆破。
good
girl,good
student,good
job,expression,school,extreme。
  3)音的同化:两个特殊的音碰到一起,会发出变异成特殊的音。
Would
you
do
it?
I
am
glad
to
meet
you、Can't
you
see
it?
last
year,this
year。
重音
  A)双音节词
  a)一般在第一个音节重读。letter,sorry。
  b)有
a-,be-,de-,re-,res-,in-,im-,en-,em-,es-,ex-,con-,com-,dis-,mis-,pre-,per-,pro-,trans-
等前缀的词,第二个音节是重音。a'bout,be'lieve,ad'dress,de'cide,re'port,con'demn,res'pect,com'pare,
in'form,dis'cuss,im'press,mis'take,en'force,pre'pare,em'ploy,per'mit,es'cape,pro'duce,ex'claim,trans'late
c)有
de-,in-,re-,con-,pre-
等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关,一般名词的重音在第一个音节上,其它的
词性在第二个音节上。'record,re'cord;
'insult,in'sult;
'conduct,con'duct;
'present
pre'sent;
'content,con'tent。
  d)有些复合词和带有前缀
re-,ex-,un-,pre-,post-,等的词,有两个重音。
'out'side,'re'tell,'well-'known,'un'real,'fif'teen,'Chi'nese,'pre-'war,'post-'war。
  
B)多音节词
  a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。'difficult,'communist,'family,e'conomy,oppor'tunity,de'mocracy。
  b)有一些双音节词,加了前缀和后缀成了多音节,但这些词按原来词根的重音读音
'carefully,in'definite,'comfortable,con'ductor,ac'cording,dis'turbance,'complicated,es'tablishment。
  c)词尾有-eous,-grahpy,-ial,-ian,-ic,-ics,-ience,ient,-ify,-ion,-ious,-ity,ive
后缀的词,重音在
这些后缀的前一个音节上。cour'teous,cal'ligraphy,edi'torial,his'torian,peri'odic,mathe'matics,ex'perience,
suf'ficient,i'dentify,trans'lation,re'ligious,curi'osity,pro'tective。
  d)词尾有
-ain,-ee,-eer,-ese,-ette
后缀的词,重音在该后缀上,而且有一个次重音。
enter'tain,emplo'yee,mountai'neer,Japa'nese,ciga'rette。
英语国际音标表(48个)
元音(20个)
长元音
/ɑ:/
/?:/
/??:/
/i:/
/U:/
短元音
/??/
/?/
/?/
/?/
/?/
/e/
/?/
/e?/
/a?/
/??/
双元音
/??/
/e?/
/??/
/??/
/a?/
辅音(28个)
轻辅音
/p/
/?t/
/?k/
/f/
/θ/
/s/
浊辅音
/b/
/d/
/g/
/v/
/?/
/z/
轻辅音
/?/
/?h/
/ts/
/t?/
/tr/
浊辅音
/?/
/?r/
/dz/
/d?/
/dr/
鼻音
/m/
/n/
/?/
半元音
/?j/
/
w/
边音
/??/
20个元音
[p][b][m][w][h][i:][i][t][d][n][j][r][E:][E][k][g]
[N][l][C:][C][f][v][u:][u][s][z][B:][Q][W][T][e[A]
[F][V][ai][ei][Ci][tF][dV][iE][ZE][uE][tr][dr][Eu]
[au][ts][dz]
48个国际音标表
元音
12个单元音
长元音
[i:][E:][C:][u:][B:]
短元音
[i][E][C][u][Q][e][A]
8个双元音[ai][ei][Ci][iE][ZE][uE][Eu][au]
辅音
10对
清辅音
[p][t][k][f][s][W][F][tF][tr][ts]
浊辅音
[b][d][g][v][z][T][V][dV][dr][dz]
3个鼻音
[m][n][N]
3个似拼音
[h][r][l]
2个半元音
[w][j]
英语语音名词解释
1.音节
以元音为主体构成的发音单位,一般说来元音发音响亮,可以构成音节,辅音发音不响亮,不能单独构成音节([m]
[n]
[]
[l]例外)。从单词拼写形式上看,有几个元字组就有几个音节。
0-01
2.音节的划分
①在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时,一个辅字组属于前面的音节,一个属于后面的音节。
例如:let-ter
mem-ber
chil-dren
daugh-ter
②在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时,如果前面音节里的元音是长元音则辅字组属于后面一个音节,如果前面一个音节里的元音是短元音,则辅字组属于前面一个音节。
例如:长元音
pa-per
stu-dent
fa-ther
ze-ro
mo-tor
far-ther
短元音
sev-en
stud-y
moth-er
ver-y
mod-le
weath-er
0-02
3.重读音节
单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时,应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。
0-03
4.开音节
①绝对开音节:单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。例如:no
blue
ba-by
stu-dent
se-cret.
②相对开音节:单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母,再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。例如:name
these
bike
home
ex-cuse.
0-04
5.闭音节
单个元音字母后面有辅字组(r
w
y
除外)且以辅字组结尾的重读音节。例如:bag
egg
fish
not
cup
0-05
6.双音节词重读规则
双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。
例如:丩stu-dent
碈hi-na
磗ec-ond
碼u-tumn
in-磀eed
含有a-
be-
de-
re-
in-
ex-
等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。例如:
a丩bout
be磃ore
ex碿use
re磒air
for-磄et-ful
in-磛en-tor
0-06
7.多音节词重读规则
多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。
例如:丩el-e-phant
con-grat-u-磍a-tion
词尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的词,在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。例如:scien丩tific
im磒ression
磏ation
一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
元音字母






a
在开音节中
[ei]
name
plane
Jane
baby
cake
1-01
在闭音节中
[?]
bag
dad
hat
map
black
back
1-02
e
在开音节中
[i:]
he
these
me
Chinese
1-03
在闭音节中
[e]
bed
let
pen
desk
yes
egg
1-04
i
在开音节中
[ai]
bike
fly
drive
time
nice
kite
1-05
在闭音节中
[i]
fish
big
drink
sit
milk
swim
1-06
o
在开音节中
[u]
those
close
go
hoe
home
no
1-07
在闭音节中
[]
clock
not
box
shop
sock
1-08
u
在开音节中
[ju:]
student
excuse
duty
Tuesday
1-09
在闭音节中
[]
bus
cup
jump
much
lunch
1-10
在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j
l
r
s后面时读[u:]音,例如:June
blue
ruler
super
1-11
二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
元音字母






a
[]
China
another
woman
breakfast
2-01
[i]
orange
comrade
village
cabbage
2-02
e
[]
hundred
student
open
moment
2-03
[i]
chicken
pocket
begin
children
2-04
i
[]/[i]
holiday
beautiful
family
animal
2-05
[ai]
exercise
satellite
2-06
o
[]
second
tonight
somebody
welcome
2-07
[u]
also
zero
photo
2-08
u
[]
autumn
difficult
2-09
[ju(:)]
popular
congratulation
January
2-10
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如:operate
2-11
u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j
l
r
s后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如:July
influence
February
issue
2-12
在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a
e
i
即可以读作[]音,也可以读作[i]音。
三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
元音字母






a在[w]音后面
[]
want
what
watch
wash
quality
3-01
a在f
n
sk
ph
sp
ss
st
th前
[_:]
after
plant
graph
ask
grasp
glass
fast
father
3-02
i在-nd
-ld和gh前
[ai]
find
child
light
high
3-03
o在-st
-ld前
[ou]
most
postcard
old
cold
3-04
o在m
n
v
th前
[]
come
monkey
love
mother
3-05
四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组






ar
ar在[w]音后面
[_:]
car
farm
dark
sharpener
4-01
[:]
warm
quarter
towards
4-02
or
or在[w]音后面
[:]
forty
morning
short
4-03
[:]
word
worker
worse
4-04
er
ir
ur
[:]
certainly
bird
Thursday
4-05
辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如:
carry
berry
mirror
sorry
hurry
4-06
-r音节元音字组在非重读音节中通常读[]音,例如:dollar
teacher
martyr
comfort
Saturday
五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组






are
[錧
care
dare
hare
5-01
ere
[i]
here
mere
5-02
ire
[ai]
fire
hire
wire
5-03
ore
[:]
more
score
before
5-04
ure
[ju]
pure
cure
5-05
完整的-re音节are
ere
ire
ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[]音,例如:picture
pleasure
非重读音节中-re音节的变体通常发[r]音,例如:salary
5-06
重读音节中元音字母加r,再加非重读元字组时,元音字母和r构成-re音节的变体,按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母r读[r]音。
例如:parent
zero
inspiring
story
during
5-07
某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。
例如:orange
very
American
paragraph
forest
spirit
5-08
六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组






ai/ay
[ei]
afraid
rain
wait
day
play
6-01
air
[錧
air
hair
chair
pair
repair
6-02
al
al在f
m前
[:]
small
ball
talk
wall
all
6-03
[:l]
always
also
salt
almost
6-04
[_:]
half
calm
6-05
au/aw
[:]
autumn
daughter
draw
6-06
ea
[i:]
teach
easy
cheap
please
6-07
[e]
heavy
bread
sweater
weather
6-08
[ei]
break
great
6-09
ear
[i]
hear
dear
near
clear
year
6-10
[錧
bear
pear
wear
swear
6-11
[:]
earth
learn
early
6-12
ee
[i:]
jeep
week
green
three
6-13
eer
[i]
pioneer
deer
beer
6-14
ei/ey
[ei]
eight
neighbour
they
6-15
eu/ew

j
l
r

[ju:]
new
few
newspaper
6-16
[u:]
flew
brew
jewelry
6-17
ie/[s]音后拼写为ei
[i:]
piece
field
receive
seize
6-18
oa
[ou]
coat
Joan
boat
goal
6-19
oar/oor
[:]
roar
board
door
floor
6-20
oi/oy
[i]
noise
point
boy
toilet
6-21
oo
[u:]
broom
food
tooth
school
6-22
[u]
book
look
cook
foot
good
6-23
ou/ow
[au]
flower
house
count
down
6-24
[u]
know
row
throw
though
6-25
[]
young
country
enough
6-26
[u:]
group
you
soup
through
6-27
our
[:]
course
your
four
6-28
[au]
our
hour
ours
6-29
[:]
journey
6-30
ui
ui
在j
l
r
s后
[ju:i]
fluid
suicide
tuition
6-31
[u:]
juice
fruit
suit
6-32
九、辅字组的读音
辅字组






b
[b]
bike
bus
bag
9-01
[/]
bomb
tomb
lamb
climb
9-02
c
c在e前或在i/y前
[k]
cake
picture
coat
music
9-03
[s]
face
decide
cinema
9-04
ch
[]
much
chick
rich
teacher
9-05
[k]
school
headache
chemistry
9-06
[]
machine
Chicago
9-07
-ck
[k]
cock
pocket
black
knock
9-08
d
[d]
doctor
bread
hand
day
9-09
-dge
[]
bridge
fridge
9-10
dr-
[dr]
children
driver
drink
9-11
f
[f]
five
four
breakfast
9-12
g
g在e
i/y前
[]
bag
gardon
go
9-13
[]
orange
large
German
9-14
-gh
gh-
[f]
cough
enough
rough
9-15
[]
sorghum
spaghetti
ghost
9-16
gu-
-gue
[]
guess
league
dialogue
guitar
9-17
[w]
language
anguish
penguin
9-18
h
[h]
hot
head
house
hand
9-19
[/]
hour
honest
honor
9-20
j
[]
jeep
jar
joke
join
July
9-21
k
[k]
kind
bike
skate
make
week
9-22
kn-
[n]
knife
know
knock
9-23
l
[l]
life
milk
school
tall
9-24
m
[m]
monkey
come
tomato
9-25
-mn
[m]
autumn
column
solemn
9-26
n
n在[k]
[g]音前
[n]
not
shine
ten
note
9-27
[?]
uncle
thank
hungry
9-28
-ng
[?]
morning
young
wrong
9-29
p
[p]
paper
plane
pig
ship
pen
9-30
ph
[f]
elephant
photo
telephone
9-31
-q/-que
[k]
Iraq
cheque
9-32
qu-
[kw]
quality
quite
quarter
9-33
r
[r]
red
rubber
ruler
9-34
s在音节开头或清辅音前
在元音字母间或浊辅音前
[s]
sit
sleep
desk
9-35
[z]
music
husband
9-36
sc-
[sk]
scarlet
scout
Scotland
9-37
[s]
muscle
science
9-38
sh
[]
she
fish
shirt
wash
9-39
t在通常情况下
在弱读字母ia
ie
io前
[t]
ten
letter
meet
9-40
[]
patient
nation
9-41
tch
[]
watch
catch
match
9-42
th在通常情况下
在冠词
代词
介词
连词中
在词尾-the
-ther中
[鑍
thin
thirty
method
9-43
[餧
the
these
with
than
9-44
[餧
clothe
father
weather
9-45
tr-
[tr]
tree
train
country
truck
9-46
v
[v]
very
voice
love
leave
9-47
w
[w]
week
win
wake
sweet
wait
9-48
[/]
answer
two
9-49
wh-
wh-在字母o前
[w]
what
when
white
why
9-50
[h]
who
whose
whole
9-51
x
在重读元音前
[ks]
box
text
exercise
9-52
[gz]
example
exist
exact
9-53
wr-
[r]
write
wrong
wrist
9-54
y-
[j]
yes
yard
yellow
young
9-55
z
[z]
puzzle
zero
zoo
9-56英语26个字母发音法(26个字母及其音标)
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
[e]
[bi]
[si]
[di]
[i]
[Gf]
[dIi]
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
[etN]
[a0]
[dIe]
[ke]
[Gl]
[Gm]
[Gn]
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
[o]
[pi]
[kju]
[Ar]
[Gs]
[ti]
[ju]
V
W
X
Y
Z
[vi]
['dKblju]
[Gks]
[wa0]
[zi]
英语学习:48个国际音标表
用对称法排序
20个辅音
3个鼻音
2个半元音
3个似拼音
20个元音
[p][b][m][w][h][i:][i][t][d][n][j][r][E:][E][k][g]
[N][l][C:][C][f][v][u:][u][s][z][B:][Q][W][T][e[A]
[F][V][ai][ei][Ci][tF][dV][iE][ZE][uE][tr][dr][Eu]
[au][ts][dz]
48个国际音标表
元音
12个单元音
长元音
[i:][E:][C:][u:][B:]
短元音
[i][E][C][u][Q][e][A]
8个双元音[ai][ei][Ci][iE][ZE][uE][Eu][au]
辅音
10对
清辅音
[p][t][k][f][s][W][F][tF][tr][ts]
浊辅音
[b][d][g][v][z][T][V][dV][dr][dz]
3个鼻音
[m][n][N]
3个似拼音
[h][r][l]
2个半元音
[w][j]