Module 4 Great Scientists Words and expressions

(共37张PPT)
外研版
高一年级(必修4)
Module 4
New Words and expressions
Open your books and listen to the tape carefully.
Then close your books and listen again, paying attention to the pronunciation and reading after it.
n. (学) n. (家) adj. (的)
biology
botany
zoology
genetics
biologist biological
botanist botanical
zoologist zoological
geneticist genetic
Complete the sentences with words formed from those in brackets.
Mendel was a famous ________ who lived in the 19th century. (genetics)
2. The Chinese government is developing
________ research in many areas. (science)
geneticist
scientific
3. Darwin was a famous ________ and _______ who developed the theory of evolution. (zoology, botany)
4. Einstein was a 20th century ________. (physics)
5. He made fundamental _________ which are still true today. (discover)
zoologist
botanist
physicist
discoveries
1. figure
1). Write the figure “7” for me. ____
2). We bought the house at a high figure. _________
3). The figure on page 22 shows a political map of Africa. __________
数字
金额, 价格
图解, 图表
4). The central figure in the painting is the artist’s Daughter. _________
5). I’m dieting to keep my figure. ____
6). Are you good at figures _____
7). a great figure in the financial world _____________
画像,肖像
身材
算术
金融界的巨头
I saw a lone figure on the beach.
Betty has a good figure.
I figured that you would arrive before noon.
I can’t figure out why she said so.
身影
身材
以为, 认为
明白
Translation
vt. ①支持, 支援, 赞助
The directors were trying to get rid of her, but her staff all supported her.
Will you support me in my campaign for election
2. support
② 承受, 支撑
Is this bridge strong enough to support heavy lorries
He was weak with hunger, so I had to support him.
③ 赡养, 维持
I have a large family to support/ keep/ feed.
④ 资助, 供养
I was supported by my parents when I was studying.
n. ①支持, 支援
I need some financial support for this venture.
② 给予帮助、同情等的人
Jim was a great support to us when father died.
③ 支持者, 拥护者
The theatre has had to close for lack of support.
vt. (1) 替换, 替代(常可与介词with或by连用)
Can anything replace a mother’s love and care
I’m going to replace the tape recorder with/by a CD player.
3. replace
(2) 把……放回原处
He replaced the dictionary on the
shelf after using it.
注意: 表示“代替”的词或词组有: replace, take the place of, in place of / in one’s place, instead, instead of
4. convert
vt. “使转化, 使转换, 使改变信仰等”
be converted to doing:被改做某事
类似用法的单词有：
devote, addict, apply, accommodate…
1). 很多男学生对玩电脑游戏上瘾。Many boy students ___________ to playing computer games.
are addicted
2. With the fast development of economy, a lot of farmlands were __ to industrial, residential or other uses. A. replaced B. converted C. made D. returned
5. quantity
a quantity of
quantities of
a lot of
lots of
a mass of
masses of
既可修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词的词:
注意: A large quantity of money has been spent.
Quantities of money have been spent.
A quantity of books have been read.
6. brief
1). Please be brief because I’m in a hurry.
我有急事, 请长话短说。
2). Mozart’s life was brief.
莫扎特的一生很短暂。
3). His remarks were brief and to the point.
他的话简洁, 而且说到了点子上。
to be brief /in brief 简言之
派生: brief adv. 短暂地, 简洁地, 简言之
briefing n. 简明指示, 情况简介
拓展: in brief 简言之
类似的表达: in short
in a word
in a nutshell
vi. (1) (气体、液体等) 漏出、渗出、泄漏
There’s gas escaping somewhere. Can you smell it
有什么地方漏煤气了, 你闻到了吗？
Make a hole to let the water escape.
弄个洞让水流出。
7. escape
(2) 逃亡、逃脱、逃避, 作“逃避，避免, 免除”解时为及物动词, 后常跟名词、代词或动名词。
escape being punished.
escape from the burning house.
vt. (3) 被遗忘, 未被注意
His name escaped me for the moment.
我一时想不起他的名字来了。
n. “逃亡，逃避”
The Sao Paulo building was built without fire escapes.
圣保罗大楼建造时, 没有建上安全楼梯。
a narrow escape 死里逃生, 九死一生
1. bring up
① 培养; 养育(常用于被动语态)
She brought up five children.
她养育了五个孩子。
He was brought up to respect authority.
他从小就受到尊敬师长的教育。
② 提出(问题)
Why did you have to bring up subject of money
你为什么非要提钱这个话题？
I shall bring up this question at the meeting.
小试牛刀
★__ in a poor family, he had little chance of education when he was a child. A. To bring up B. Having brought up C. Bringing up D. Brought up
【解析】因bring up与主句主语是被动关系, 故应选过去分词形式。此处过去分词短语brought up作状语, 表示原因。
2. earn one’s living＝make one’s living谋生
He earned his living by teaching. 他靠教书为生。
3. be known for 因为……而著名
be known as 作为……而闻名
be known to 为……所熟知
Hangzhou is known __ the West Lake.
As is known __ us all, China is becoming stronger and stronger.
Luxun is well known __ a fighter as well as a writer.
for
to
as
Test yourself
1. 狗越过围栏逃走了。 The dog ___________ the fence.
2. 他免于受罚。 He escaped __________________.
3. 我是死里逃生。 I __________________.
4. 我记不起他的名字了。 He name __________.
escaped over
from being punished
had a narrow escape
escapes me
Exercises
1. Go s______ along this road and turn left at the traffic lights.
2. A b________ is a popular product, especially a book, which
many people buy.
traight
est-seller
根据所给单词的首字母或汉语注释, 写出单词的正确形式。
3. He realized that his acting c_____ was over.
4. At school her n_______ was Carrots because of her red hair.
5. The giant panda is an endangered s_____. There are fewer than a thousand living in the wild.
ickanme
pecies
areer
6. Prices of _____ (主要的) foods such as wheat and vegetables have also been increasing.
7. Scientists have made a major ____________ (突破) in the treatment of cancer.
staple
breakthrough
8. He was one of the great sports ______ (人物) of this century.
9. What did you do to celebrate the __________ (千年)
10. What you say is _____ (部分地) true.
figures
millennium
partly
翻译并识记下列短语
1. 主要人物 ______________
2. 培养, 养育__________
3. 取得突破 ___________________
4. 由于……的结果 ____________
5. 掌权 _____________
6. 简言之________
7. 谋生 ____________________
8. 因……而出名 ___________________
a leading figure
make a breakthrough
bring up
be known/famous for
as a result of
come to power
in brief
earn/make one’s living
用所给单词或短语翻译句子。
1. 他是由爷爷在乡下带大的。(bring up)
2. 我兄弟靠开出租车为生。(earn)
He was brought up by his grandfather in the countryside.
My brother earns his living by driving a taxi.
3. 无论谁犯了法都逃脱不了法律的惩罚。(escape)
Whoever break the law will not escape being punished by law.