新课标人教版高中英语必修3全套教案

Unit 1 Festivals around the world
Teaching goals
1. To help students learn to talk about festivals
2. To help students learn to read festivals and celebrations.
3. To help students learn to make phone calls, invitations and express “thanks”
4. To help students learn to use some important words and expressions
5. To help students identify examples of “The modal verbs” in the text
Topic
Festivals; how festivals began; how festivals are celebrated
Vocabulary
beauty, harvest, celebration, starve, origin, religious, ancestor, Mexico, feast, bone, belief, trick, poet, arrival, gain, independence, independent, gather, agriculture, agricultural, award, rooster, admire, energetic, Easter, clothing, Christian, custom, worldwide, fool, permission, parking, apologize, drown, sadness, obvious, wipe, weep, remind, forgive
Expressions
take place, in memory of, dress up, play a trick on, look forward to, day and night, as though, have fun with, parking lot, turn up , keep one’s word, hold one’s breath, set off, remind --- of---
Function
Making phone calls: May I speak to --- Can I ring/ call back later Hold / Hang on, please. I’ll ring him/ her up again. Just a moment, please. Sorry, he / she isn’t here right now.
Invitations: I wonder if you are inerested in--- I’d like to invite you to --- Would you like--- Could/ Would you please --- I’m looking forward to--- I’d love to, but----
Thanks: Thank you so much. Thanks a lot. That’s very kind of you. You’re most welcome. Don’t mention it. It’s a pleasure.
Grammar
The modal verbs (can,could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must, can’t)
Teaching Aids
Multimedia facilities, tape-recorder, photos, tape-recorder, photos, diagrams
Period One
Procedure
Step1 Warming up
⑴Warming up by Brainstorming holidays around the world.
⑵Warming up by guessing which picture matches with which festival.
⑶Warming up by discussing and listing
Students are required to work in groups and list three more Chinese festivals that they know. Discuss when they take place, what they celebrate and what people do at that time. Then tell the group which festival is his/ her favourite and why.
Step 2 Pre-reading
Discussing and answering
Ask students to discuss and answer the two questions on P1
1) It is intended to help students bring their personal experience into the discussion of festivals.
2) Students are directed to predict the content of the reading passage, based on the title and pictures.
Step 3 Reading
1.Skimming
Ask students to read the Ex1 on P3, have them understand four kinds of festivals, and then ask them to skim the reading passage. After reading, ask the whole class to fill the first line of the chart together. Then get them to finish the chart by themselves. At last, have three students tell the class his/ her answers.
2. Scanning for the detailed information
1) Ask students to Scan the passage and finish the true and false exercise.
The ancient people needn’t worry about their food. F
Halloween used to be a festival intended to honour the dead. T
Qu Yuan was a great poet who people honour a lot in China. T
Mid-autumn Festival is held to celebrate the end of autumn. F
Easter celebrates the birth of Jesus. F
2)Ask students to scan the passage again to find out the answers to the first three questions of the Ex2 on P3. And then ask one student to answer the questions and check with the whole class.
Suggested answers:
1.Festivals of the dead are for honouring or satisfying dead ancesters ancestors or others, who some people believe might return to help or harm living people.
2.Auturn festivals are happy events because people are thankful that food is ready for winter and the hard farm work is finished.
3. At spring festivals, people usually have dances, carnivals and other activities to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring.
3. Discussion (group work)
Ask students to discuss Question 4 and 5 in Ex2 on P3.
Question 4
Question 5
The similarities:
The Chinese, Japanese and Mexican festivals of the dead all have customs to honour the dead.
The Chinese and Japanese go to clean their ancestors’ graves, and the Mexicans offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead.
The Difference:
The Mexicans eat special food that looks like bones, something the Chinese and Japanese do not do.
Step 4. Post reading
1. Summarize and fill in the chart
Ancient Festivals why the end of the cold winter;planting in spring and harvest in autumn
how light fire and make music
Festivals of the dead why to honour the dead or satisfy and please the ancestors
how light lamps, play music, eat food in the shapes of skulls and cakes with bones, go to their neighbors to ask for sweets,dress up
Festivals to honour people why for their great contributions to the societyor the country
how Dragon boat racing, eat zongzi
Harvest Festivals why Food is gathered for the winter. A season of agricultural work is over.
how decorate churches and town halls, get together to have big meals, admire the moon and eat mooncakes
Spring Festivals why celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring
how eat delicious food; have exciting carnivals
2. Ex4 on P3
Have students discuss in pairs which kinds of festival they think are the most important and which are the most fun.
Period Two & Period Three
Language focus
1. be meant to : 应该, 得要，必须, 应做
You are meant to leave a tip. 你得留下小费。
I believe he is meant to be a soldier. 我相信他天生是要当军人的。
I was meant to be working on Sunday, but I just fooled around all day.
星期日我本应工作的，但却闲混了一整天。
辨析：mean doing 与mean to do
1）mean doing “意味着（必须要做某事或导致某种结果）”，其主语通常是指事物的词。如：
Being a student means studying hard. 作为一个学生，就意味着你要努力学习
Success means working hard. 成功意味着工作努力。
2）mean to do “本意要做某事”，主语通常是表示人的名词或代词，其否定形式表示“无意做某事”，其过去完成式表示“本来打算做某事”
What do you mean to do with it 你打算把它怎样处理？
We mean to call on you tomorrow. 我们打算明天看望你。
Don't be too hard on the boy; he didn't mean to do it.
＂对这个小男孩不要太严厉了，他不是故意这么做的。＂
Breaking the vase is purely accidental; she does not mean to do it.
打碎花瓶纯粹是偶然失手；她无意弄坏它。
I'm sorry I hurt you: I didn't mean to.
对不起，我弄伤了你；我不是故意的。
He had meant to leave on Sunday, but has stayed on.
他本来想星期天走的，但又留了下来。
2. celebrate vt.
(1) 庆祝；祝贺
celebrate Christmas / one’s birthday / a victory
(2) 赞扬；称颂
The names of many heroes are celebrated by the poets.
词语辨析：celebrate, congratulate
celebrate后常接日期,事情或场合
congratulate后常接人
表示为某事而祝贺某人congratulate sb. on/upon sth.
ex：congratulate you on your marriage.
有时还表示私自庆幸的意思。
ex：I congratulated myself on my escape from being punished.
3. take place/ happen/ occur/ come about, break out 区别
英语中表示“发生”的词或短语均为不及物，不用于被动语态。主语为所发生的事。
1) take place发生,举行; 侧重安排或计划而发生的事,带有“非偶然”的意思
The wedding will take place tomorrow.
In 1919, the May 4th Movement took place in China.
但take place偶尔也可以用来表示偶然发生的事情。如：
The accident took place only a block from their home.
事故发生的地方离他们家只有一个街区的距离。
2）happen “发生”，普通用词，含义很广。常指具体客观事物或情况的发生，含有“偶然”的意味。
What has happened to her？
It happened to rain that day.
3）occur “发生，出现”,较正式用词，指事情偶然地、意外地发生或思想突然浮在心头。当以具体事物、事件作主语时，happen 和 occur可以换用.
The traffic accident occurred / happened on Wednesday.
That plane crash occurred only minutes after take-off.
空难在起飞几分钟后就发生了。
Didn't it occur to you that he was lying 你当时没想到他在撒谎吗？
但当happen用作“碰巧”之意时，不能用occur代替，但可以与come about 互换
4) come about “发生”, 常指偶然发生的事情。且很多时候与how 连用。与happen 用法较接近
How did this come about 这是怎么发生的
How did it come about that he knew where we were
他是怎么知道我们在什麽地方的呢？
How does it come about that you were caught by the police
5) break out (火灾、战争、疾病)突然发生、爆发
The Second World War broke out in 1939.
His face broke out in a rash. 他的脸上突然长满了皮疹。
4. Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn.
最古老的节日是庆祝寒冷季节的结束、春种和秋收。
would在句中表示过去经常做某事或者过去的某种习惯，是“常，有……的习惯”的意思。如：
He would lose the key whenever she went out alone.
他一个人出去时，总是把钥匙弄丢。
辨析：would与used to
1）两者都可用来表示过去经常性或习惯的动作，常常可以互换。如：
He used to/ would spend every penny he earned on books.
过去，他通常把挣来的钱全花在买书上。
2）used to表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作或状态现在已经结束，着重现在与过去的对比，would只能与表示动作的动词连用，不与表示状态和意识的动词连用；would表示有可能再发生。如：
People used to believe that the earth was flat.
过去人们总以为地球是扁平的。（现在已经不再这样认为）
He would go to the park as soon as he was free.
过去，他一有空就去公园。（现在有可能还去）
5. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find especially during the cold winter months.
在那个时代，如果食物难以找到，特别是在寒冷的冬季，人们就会挨饿。
1） starve: suffer or die from hunger （v.）
Millions of people starved to deathduring the war.战争中数百万人饿死了。
2）be starved of / starve for sth.；starve sb of sth : long for; be in great need of （使某人）得不到某事物而受苦或渴望获得某事物；缺乏
starve for news渴望消息
She's lonely, and starving for companionship(friendship).
她很寂寞,渴望友谊。
The motherless children were starved of/ were starving for love.
失去母亲的孩子渴望得到爱。
3）感觉很饿。to feel very hungry. 仅用于进行时态。如：
When will dinner be ready I’m starving.
晚饭什么时候做好？我快饿死了。
n. starvation die of starvation 饿死
2）food was difficult to find的to find为动词不定式，作状语，修饰表语形容词difficult，并且find与主语之间构成动宾关系，主动形式表示被动含义。如：
Habits are easy to make but hard to break. 习惯养成容易戒掉难。
The water is fit to drink.这水适合饮用。
修饰宾语补足语形容词时候也是一样的，如：
I found the car comfortable to ride in. 我觉得这种车很好坐。
That makes poetry difficult to write. 那就使得诗很难写。
6. Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm.
有些节日，是为了纪念死者，或者使祖先得到满足，因为祖先们有可能回到世上（给人们）提供帮助，也有可能带来危害。
句中的to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors是不定式作目的状语。后边跟了一个由who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰ancestors。
a. honour
1) 光荣，荣誉(n)
They fight for the honour of the country.
One must show honour to one’s parents.
2) in honour of 为了纪念
A festival is set in honour of the hero.
3) an honour 光荣的人或事情
Liu Xiang is an honour to our country.
4) 尊敬,给以荣誉（v）
Children should honour their parents.
b. satisfy vt. & vi. 使满意，使满足
Nothing can satisfy him except the best.
Some people are really hard to satisfy.
sb.be satisfied with 对…满意
e.g. She’s not satisfied with her new house.
satisfying satisfactory
c.do harm 损害；危害；伤害。多与to搭配使用，表示“对……有害处”。类似短语还有do good to sb. 对某人有好处；do damage to对……构成破坏
Hard work never did anyone any harm. 努力工作对任何人都绝无害处。
The treatment they gave him did him more harm than good.
他们的治疗反而使他的病更重。
Doing morning exercises will do good to our health.
做早操对我们的健康有好处。
7. in memory of = to the memory of sb 为了纪念
The museum was built in memory of the famous scientist.
We named the lake Rebecca in memory of her.
为了纪念她, 我们把这个湖命名为“丽贝卡”。
拓展：in honor of in search of sb. / sth.
8.On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them. 在这个重要的节日里，人们会吃制成颅骨形状的食物，和装点有“骨头”的蛋糕。
1）in the shape of呈现某种形状；以某种形状 如：
The shells on the sand were placed in the shape of the letters PKU.
贝壳摆放在沙地上组成字母PKU。
Tom’s birthday cake was in the shape of a train.
汤姆的生日蛋糕是火车形状。
2) with “bones” on them.是with的复合结构
with ＋名词或代词＋现在分词；过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；介词短语；名词
Last night he was so tired that he fell asleep with the lamp burning.
She felt nervous, with so many eyes fixed on her.
Frank stared at her friend, with his mouth open.
He stood before his teacher, with his head down.
With him to give us a lead, our team is bound to turn out well.
The old man stood there, with his back against the wall.
He died, with his daughter yet a little girl.
9. They offer food, flowers and gift….
词语辨析：offer, provide, supply
offer 主动提供。offer sth to sb; offer sb sth
provide供给（所需物，尤指生活必需品）
provide sth (for sb); provide sb with sth.
supply: 供应（所需要或所要求之物）。supply sth to sb; supply sb with sth
When I meet difficulty, my roommates will offer me help.
他们悬赏找回丢失的珠宝。
They offered a reward for the return of the lost jewels.
政府得提供这些老人们吃穿。
The government need to provide these old people with food and clothes.
每个月都得供应足够的电。
Electricity should be supplied enough every month.
10. dress up 盛装打扮，化装打扮
You don’t have to dress e as you are.
用不著穿讲究衣服－－就穿平常的衣服来吧。
Children love dressing up in Halloween.
She wears a beautiful evening dress. n. 她穿着一件漂亮的晚礼服。
She always dresses in black. vi. 她总穿着黑衣服。
She hurriedly dressed the child and took him downstairs. vt.
她匆忙给孩子穿好衣服，把他带下楼来。
She is dressed in red. 她穿着红衣服。
11. play tricks / a trick on sb. 搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑
These children loved playing tricks on their teacher. 孩子们喜欢捉弄老师。
That was an unfair trick to play on her. 跟她开那样的玩笑太不好了。
The boy hid Jone’s bike jto play a trick on him.
孩子们把乔恩的自行车藏起来捉弄他。
12. 辨析：gather与collect
gather是最概括的说法，因此也是应用最广泛的。collect通常可与gather互换。如：
A teacher will collect / gather the examination papers at the end of the hour.
教师将于一小时之后收考卷。
Tears collected/ gathered in her eyes. 她眼中含泪。
但是通常colect指的是仔细选择相似或有联系的东西，以变成有组织的整体的一部分。如：
The department collects information on education reform.
这个部门搜集有关教育改革的信息。
collect antiques 搜集古物 collect stamps 集邮
13. award n. 奖品，奖项，奖金, 助学金 ……
She showed us the awards she had won.
Mary got an award and was able to finish her study.
vt. 授予……裁定……award sb sth= award sth to sb
The judges awarded both teams equal points. reward 回报,报
14．admire sb/sth (for …) 钦佩，羡慕，赞美
We all admired her for the way she saved the children from the fire.
她把孩子们从大火中救出来，我们都钦佩不已。
I admire him for his success in business.
我们对他在商业上取得的成功羡慕不已。
admirer n. 赞赏者
admiring adj. 赞赏的，钦佩的
admiration n. 钦佩，羡慕，赞美
15.look forward to(介词) + n/ v-ing 盼望，期待
I’m looking forward to his coming.
--ward 向着…方向
backward 向后 forward 向前
辨析：look forward to与expect
look forward to作“盼望，期望”解，常用于表示愉快或满足的心情，期望或向往某事。to 为介词，故接动词时应使用动名词。如：
We are looking forward to seeing each other soon.
我们期盼着不久再次见面。
expect 作“期待，期望”解，侧重于相信或认为有实现可能的愿望。可接名词、不定式、不定式的复合结构以及宾语从句。如：
I never expected his coming/ help.我从未期待过他的到来或帮助。
He expected that he could get there on time. 他希望能按时到达那里。
She expects to come back next week. 她预计下个星期回来。
I expect him to come. 我盼望他来。
16．辨析：clothing ，clothes与 dress
1) clothes的意思是“衣服”，意指全身衣服的各个部分，故永远用复数形式，它是个不可数名词，前面不可以用不定冠词，也不能用数词修饰，但可以被many，those和these等词修饰。所指的往往是比较具体的衣物。如：
My wife has folded my clothes and put them in the drawer.
我妻子已把我的衣服叠好并放在抽屉里了。
2）clothing意为“衣着”，意指衣服的整体而言，它是衣服的总称，统指男女老少各式各样的衣物。是不可数名词，永远用单数形式；如同clothes一样，不可以和数词或不定冠词连用。如：
They do not have enough warm clothing for the winter.
他们没有足够的过冬衣服。
注意：
“一套衣服”是a suit of clothes; “一件衣服”是an article of clothing,这里的suit和article不能互换使用，但warm clothing也可以说成warm clothes。分别是前者泛指，后者是具体的。
3) dress 作可数名词时，指的是连衣裙、上下连身的女装或童装；作不可数名词时，指的是男女均可的衣服（尤指外衣）。如：
She makes all the dresses for her daughter.她女儿的连衣裙都是她做的。
She wears a beautiful evening dress. 她穿着一件漂亮的晚礼服。
He doesn’t care much about dress.他不太注重衣着。
casual dress 便服
17. as though= as if 好像，仿佛
虚拟语气(从句所用的时态比前面真实句所用的时态倒退一个时态.)
He behaved as if/ though nothing had happened.
He talks as if/though he knew everything.
He looks as if he were ill.
2）陈述语气表(示很可能的事实就用陈述语气,)
It looks as if/ though it is going to rain.
Period Four
Teaching goals
To help students understand and use the modal verbs.
Step 1 The use of can and could
1. Show students three sentences and ask them to complete the sentences with modal verbs.Then have them discuss the reasons why they choose them.
______ you offer me some kind of job
______ you help me
______ I use your pen
2. Show students another four sentences and ask them to complete and discuss again as before.
_______ you ride a bike
_______ I help you
How _______ you say that
_______ he be at home
3. Ask some students to tell the whole class what and why they choose the modal verbs to complete the sentences.
4. Help students to find out the six funtions of the modal verbs: can and could.
Could you offer me some kind of job (request)
Can you help me (request)
Can(May) I use your pen (request)
Can you ride a bike (ability)
Can I help you (offering help)
How could you say that (blaming)
Can he be at home (possibility)
Step 2 The use of may and might
May I come in (request)
You may go now. (permission)
--I believe the man is from England.
--But I may be wrong. (possibility)
The guest may arrive this afternoon. (possibility)
May you have a good journey! (wish)
She said that he might take her bike. (permission)
She might go home tomorrow. (possibility)
Might I have a word with you (permission)
May we see the awards for the teams (permission; request)
Step3 The use of will and would
Will you tell her that I'm here (request)
If you want help - let me know, will you (request)
Won't you sit down (request)
Would you help us, please (request)
I’d go there with you. (promise)
Teacher wouldn’t allow it. (permission)
The Spring Festival is the most fun. The whole family will come for dinner. (promise; agreement)
Sometimes celebrations would be held after hunters had caught animals.
(past habit; custom)
Step 4 The use of shall and should
Shall we go by train, Mom (permission; request)
I shall go at once. (determination)
The harvest festival begins on Saturday. We shall be there with our friends. (promise)
You should keep your promise. (responsibility)
You should arrive at the airport two hours before he goes. (advice)
Step 5 The use of must and can’t
We must all die. (inevitability) 必然性
You must get up early. (enforcement; responsibility) 强制或者义务
We mustn’t waste our time. (forbiddance)
It must be eleven o’clock now. (prediction)
If Mary didn’t leave here until five o’clock, she can’t be home yet. (guessing)
---- May I take this magazine out
---- No, you mustn’t. (forbiddance)
He must be crazy. (guessing)
Step6 Check the exercises on Page5
Step7 Take a quiz on the modal verbs
1.. ----____ I go out to play, mum ----No, you___. You should do your homework first. A. Might; wouldn’t B. May; had better not C. Must; mustn’t D. Need; mustn’t2. ---Where is Emma ---I can’t say for sure where she is, but she___ be out shopping. A. can B. should C. must D. may3. The room is in a terrible mess; it ____ cleaned. A. can’t have been B. couldn’t be C. may have been D. would be 4. How____ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article A. can B. must C. need D. may5. There ____ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school. A. mustn’t B. shan’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’tKeys: BDAAC
Period Five
Step 1. Skimming
Have students read three questions in the Ex1 on Page 7, and then read the passage as quickly as possible.
Step 2 Pair work
Discuss the questions in group of two and then write down their answers on their exercise book.
Step3 Discussion
Discuss the questions with the whole class, and encourage them to explain their reasons. And teacher can offer students some more questions about the text.
1) Why is the story of Zhinü and Niulang called a Chinese Valentine’s story
2) Do you think Li Fang is sure about his love for Hu Jin
3) If you were Li Fang, what would you have done when HuJin didn’t turn up
4) If you were hu Jin, what would you do
5) According to the story you read, will it have a happy ending or a sad one Why
Step4 Writing
Ask students to read the story about Li Fang again. Try to write down the ending to the story. Students can use the hints on Page 8 to help them to prepare for writing.
Step5 Language focus.
1. turn up 1) 出现；露面
He's still hoping something (eg a job or a piece of good luck) will turn up.
他仍在期待机会出现（如得到工作或好运）.
We invited her to dinner but she didn't even bother to turn up.
我们请她吃饭她都不露面.
2）旋大（灯火、煤气）；开大（收音机、电视机）音量
I can't hear the radio very well; could you turn it up a bit
收音机我听不太清楚, 你把声音开大点行吗
3）发生（情况）；（财政、商业）好转、上升
I’ll meet you on Friday unless anything special turns up.
我星期五和你见面，除非发生特殊情况。
We don’t know what may turn up tomorrow.
我们不知道明天会发生什么情况。
2. keep her word
keep one’s word/ promise遵守诺言
break one’s word食言；失信
say a word for 为……说好话
have words with与……吵嘴、争论
eat one’s words收回前言、食言
have a word in one’s ear和……耳语
weigh one’s words推敲或掂量某人的话
in a / one word总而言之
in other words换句话说
on/ with the word一说完就
3. Well, he was not going to hold his breath for her to apologize. He would drown his sadness in coffee.
他不想心平气和地等她来道歉，他要用咖啡来解愁。
1）breath n. [ breθ ]呼吸,气息
I was out of breath after running for the bus.
我因为追赶公共汽车，弄得上气不接下气。
Let's go out for a breath of fresh air. 我们出去吸口新鲜空气吧。
The audience held its/their breath as the acrobat walked along the tightrope. 杂技演员在钢丝绳上表演时，观众们屏息观看。
breathe vt. &vi. [ bri: ]呼吸；低声说
Fish cannot breathe out of water. 鱼离开水就不能呼吸。
breathless: [ 'breθlis ] adj.
I was completely breathless when I got to the top of the mountain.
当我到达山顶上时，我已经上气不接下气了。
2) apologize vi. 道歉,谢罪vt. 道歉,谢罪,辩白
apologize也可写成apologise，apologize to sb. (for sth. )(因某事)向某人道歉
Apologize to your sister! 给你姐姐赔个不是!
I must apologize for not being able to meet you.
我因为没能接你而向你道歉.
You must apologize to your sister for being so rude.
你太无理了, 必须向你姐姐道歉。
3) drown
v. 淹死;淹没
The little girl drowned in the river. 小女孩在河里淹死了。
It is cruel to drown the cat in the river. 把猫淹死在河里是件残忍的事。
The band drowned our conversation.
乐队的演奏声把我们谈话的声音淹没了。
drown --- in 埋头于；浸泡在……里
He decided to drown his sorrow in work. 他决定埋头工作以忘掉悲伤。
Don’t drown yourself in drink. It’s no use. 别借酒消愁，这没有用的。
4. It is/ was obvious/ clear/ true/ possible/ certain…that…
……是明显/清楚/真的/可能/肯定的
这是主语从句最常见的一种结构。句中it作先行代词，代替名词性从句。该结构中的名词性从句可用that, what, when 等引导。如：
It is obvious that she is very clever. 很明显，她挺聪明的。
It is not certain what caused the accident.还不肯定那个事故是什么引起的。
It isn't remotely possible that you will be chosen to go.
挑选你去的可能性并非很小.
5. Finding that Zhinu was heart-broken, her mother finally decided to let the couple cross the Milky Way to meet once a year.
看到织女伤心欲绝，王母娘娘决定让这对夫妻每年跨过银河相会一次。
1) Finding that Zhinu was heart-broken分词短语在句中作状语，表示原因。有时候也可以作时间或条件状语。如：
Reading attentively, he forgot the time for lunch.
由于专心读书，他忘记了吃午饭的时间。（原因）
Reading carefully, he found something he had not known before.
他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。（时间）
Reading carefully, you’ll learn something new.
只要你仔细阅读，你会学到一些新的东西的。（条件）
vi./ vt 应受,值得 to have earned something by good or bad actions or behavior
2）由非谓语动词构成的复合词的常见的形式有：
a. 名词＋过去分词或动词-ing形式。如：
man-made dog-tired English-speaking insect-eating
b. 形容词＋动词-ing形式。 如：
good-looking bad-looking easy-doing
c. 副词＋过去分词。 如：
newly-built well-dressed
well-skilled highly-qualified
6.set off (for)出发、启程（前往某地）
One afternoon she set off/ our from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm. 一天下午，她乘坐小船从海岸出发，遇到了一场暴风雨。
The children set/ out for school. 孩子们上学去了。
If you want to catch that train we'd better set off for the station immediately.
如果你想要赶上那班火车的话你最好要立即出发前往车站。
set out 着手；开始
set about 开始或出发；着手解决问题
set down 记录；写下
set up 建立；引起；使产生
set an example to 给……树立榜样
set one’s heart on 决心做某事
set sail 扬帆起航
set oneself to do 想做……
7. remind
1) remind sb. about sth.= remind sb. to do sth.
Will you remind me about the appointment
请你提醒我不要忘了约会，好吗？
Remind me to write to mother. 提醒我给妈妈写信。
2）remind sb. + 宾语从句 如：
Remind me what I shall do. I haven’t used the machine before.
提醒我该怎么操作，我以前没有用过这种机器。
3) remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事
Hearing the song always reminds me of a certain night in Shanghai.
听到这首歌就使我想起在上海的一个晚上。
Please remind me again of the interview.
请再提醒我面试的事情。
8. forgive v. 原谅；宽恕
We forgave him his mistakes.
I forgave him for stealing the money.
My advice is that it’s best to forgive and forget.
forgivable adj. 可宽恕的，可原谅的
forgiving adj. 宽仁的， 宽大的
forgiveness n. 宽恕，饶恕
ask for forgiveness 请求宽恕
receive forgiveness 受到宽恕
full of forgiveness 富有宽仁之心
Unit 2 Healthy eating (必修三)
Objectives
To help students understand the text’s forms and contents and learn about healthy eating
To help students communicate on the topic in focus with the words, expressions and structures learned in this unit
Focus
重点单词： diet, balance, fry, ought,　raw, strength, consult,　debt , limit, benefit, combine
重点短语： ought to 应当；应该　lose weight 体重减轻；减肥 get away with 被放过；（做坏事）不受惩罚　tell a lie 说谎　win…back 赢回；重新获得 earn one’s living 谋生 in debt 欠债　cut down 削减；删节　before long 不久以后　put on weight 增加体重
重点句型： 1. Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated. 2.“Nothing could be better.”he thought. 3.　He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies! 4. Wang Peng was amazed at this and especially at the prices. 5.He had better do some research.6. It cost more than a good meal in his own restaurant.7. The competition between the two restaurants was on!8. His restaurant ought to be full of people.9.I don’t want them to remind me of her.
重点语法： 情态动词（二） ought to/ought not to; have to/ don’t have to; mustn’t ；needn’t等的用法。
Procedures
Warming up
We have heard of the proverb “You are what you eat!” This means that our health and strength are directly related to our diet. So this unit encourages us to examine our own eating practice and see whether we are eating a healthy diet or not.
Step 1　Health Survey
Complete the questionnaire below by choosing the answers that best describe you. Then, compare your answers with a partner.
How Healthy Are You
1. I .
don’t eat any meat; I’m a vegetarian
eat red meat maybe once or twice a week
eat red meat at least once a day
2. In my family, we have a history of heart disease and diabetes.
Not true. b. I’m not sure. c. Yes, we do.
3. I try to have at least two servings each of fruit and vegetables .
every day b. every week c. every month
4. I try to avoid things that will affect my health negatively, such as smoking, drinking, and eating junk food.
always b. sometimes c. never
5. I vitamins.
take b. sometimes take c. don’t take
The key to your health: A=3 points, B=2, C=1. Now add up your score, and read the results below.12—15 points: You’re in great health! Keep up the good work.7—11 points: You’re pretty healthy, but remember, there are always ways that we can take better care of ourselves! There are some things you need to do to be healthier.6 or fewer points: Do you get sick often It might be your diet. You should think about changing your eating habits and perhaps your lifestyle—soon!
Step 2　sharing opinions
This activity shows students how different kinds of food are grouped according to the benefit they give us. This is important as it allows us to talk about the value of particular food to our health.
Everybody has to eat, but do you eat a healthy diet Do you know that the food you eat
helps you grow in different ways
Benefit provide energy(Energy) grow bones and muscles(Building) help the body fight diseases(Protective)
Food rice noodles breadspaghetti, potatoes chocolatecream oils nuts meat eggs cheese milktofu most vegetables most fruit
My favoritemeal
What will happen to you if you don’t eat a balanced diet
Suggested answers:
1. If you eat too much energy-giving foods you will become fat and suffer from high blood pressure.
2. If you eat too much body-building food you will grow taller and stronger but not necessarily healthier.
3.If you eat too much protective foods for every meal you may lack energy. However without protective food (over a long period of time) you can get serious illnesses like scurvy (lack of vitamin C ) or rickets (lack of vitamin D).
4. If you don’t eat enough food of any of the three kinds you may get anorexia (too thin).
Pre-reading
1. What do you think should go into a good meal
(A good meal should contain some food from each of the three categories above.)
2. Imagine you and your partner are going to invite some friends for dinner. What special food of your place would you offer them Plan a menu.
Reading COME AND EAT HERE (1)
Task 1: Fast reading—Main idea
Being driven by curiosity, Wang Peng, an restaurant owner, spied on Yong Hui’s restaurant and put on a competition with Yong Hui.
Task 2: Main idea of each part
The passage can be divided into 3 parts. Give the main idea in each part.
1 Wang Peng is worried because his restaurant is not as full as it usually is.
2 He follows his friend to a newly opened restaurant which is very popular.
3 Worried, he does some research to win his customers back.
Task 3: Careful reading—Detailed information
Answer these questions:
1. The weakness of the diet in Wang Peng’s restaurant was that it did not give_____________________. (enough protective food)
2. The strength of the diet in Wang Peng’s restaurant was that it provided________________. ( plenty of energy-giving food)
3. The weakness of the diet in Yong Hui’s restaurant was that it did not give________________. (enough energy-giving food)
4. The strength of the diet in Yong Hui’s restaurant was that it provided_____________________. (plenty of protective food)
Task 4: The information of the two restaurants
Wang Peng’s Yong Hui’s
menu mutton kebabs, roast pork,fried rice fruit, water, raw vegetables
strength energy foods, fit fiber foods, slim
weakness fat, not enough fiber not enough energy, feel tired fast
price not very expensive expensive
Task 5: Discussion
Discuss these questions in pairs. Write down your main points and compare them with those of another pair.
1 What do you think Wang Peng will provide to win his customers back
2 How do you think the story will end
Language Points in Warming up:
1. diet［C］sort of food that is usually eaten (个人、社区等) 通常所吃的食物；节食
diet是可数名词，常与不定冠词a连用。
The doctor put him on a diet after operation. 手术之后，医生规定了他的饮食。
She is on a special diet to lose weight. 她为了减肥而吃特别规定的饮食。
The Japanese diet often includes rice, fish and vegetables.日本人的饮食常包括大米、鱼和蔬菜等。
Proper diet and exercise are both important for health. 适当的饮食和锻炼对健康很重要。
◆be(go) on a diet意为“节食”“吃限定的食品”。
2. energy n.
（1）ability to act or work with strength and eagerness精力、活力。
He had so much energy that he did the work of three men.
他精力旺盛，能做三个人的工作。
He is full of energy.他精力充沛。
（2）fuel and other resources used for operating machinery,etc.能量，能源
This kind of food can give you a lot of energy.
这种食物能为你提供大量的能量。
Plants absorb energy from the sun.
植物吸收太阳的能量。
3. balance n.& v.
(1) n. steadiness平衡状态
keep the balance of nature保持生态平衡
A small child has to learn to keep its balance before it can walk.
小孩在能走远之前，必须先学会保持平衡。
(2) vt. keep or put (sth) in a state of balance保持平衡,权衡
How long can you balance yourself on one foot
你用一只脚能站多久？
We must balance the two plans.
我们必须把这两个计划比较一下。
◆be in the balance成败未定，前途未卜
lose one’s balance失去平衡，心慌意乱
keep one’s balance 保持平衡
Language Points in Come And Eat Here (1):
1. Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated.
王鹏坐在他那空荡荡的餐馆里，感到很沮丧。
在此句中，feeling very frustrated是现在分词短语作伴随状语。如：
He sat at the table reading China Daily.
他坐在桌旁边看《中国日报》。
Laughing and talking, they went into the room.
他们有说有笑地走进房间。
单项选择
（1）The secretary worked late into the night, a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare B. preparing　 C. prepared 　D. was preparing 　答案: B
（2 ） from the top of the hill, the city looks very beautiful.
A. Seen B. Seeing 　C. To see D. See 　　答案: A
2. By now his restaurant ought to be full of people.
ought to: 应当;应该
I think there's a train at 8:20 but you ought to make certain.
我想8点20分有一班火车, 不过你应该打听清楚.
China ought to make a greater contribution to humanity. 中国应当对于人类有较大的贡献。
3.“Nothing could be better.”he thought. 　他想，“再没有比这些更好吃的了”。
此句子用比较级形式表示最高级的意义。含义是All his foods could be the best.
(1) He is taller than any other boy in his class.=He is the tallest boy in his class.
他是班上最高的男生。
（2）A:How are you getting on 你怎么样？
B：Nothing could be better. （Everything is OK.） 再好不过了。
（3）“Did you sleep well last night ” “你昨夜睡得怎样？”
“Never better, like a rock.” “从未这么好过，睡得很死。”
【注意】 否定句与比较级连用，实际上表示的是最高级的含义。
Nobody loved money better than he.
没人比他更贪财。（他最贪财。）
I think nothing is more pleasant than traveling.
我想没有什么比旅行更令人愉快。（旅行最令人愉快。）
单项选择
（1）—Go for a picnic this weekend, OK
— . I love getting close to nature.
A. I couldn’t agree more B. I’m afraid not C. I believe not D. I don’ t think so 答案: A
（2）—How do you like our hotel
—I couldn’t have found a one.
A. good B. better 　C. best D. fine 　　答案: B
4. Something terrible must have happened if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant as he always did. 如果李昌不像往常一样来他的餐馆吃饭，那一定就是发生了可怕的事情。　
must have done表示对过去已发生的事情作出肯定猜测，译为“一定做过”，只能用于肯定句，其否定式为can’t/couldn’t have done.’
I posted a book to her three weeks ago. She must have received it.
三周前我邮给她一本书，她一定收到了。
He can’t have been to your house. He doesn’t know your address.
他不可能去你家，他不知道你的地址。
情态动词+have done常见的还有should have done，表示本来应该做某事（但实际上没做）。
could have done本来能够做某事（但实际没做）
needn’t have done本没必要做某事（但实际做了）
must have done肯定做了某事
can’t/couldn’t have done不可能做某事
might have done可能做了某事（可能性小一些）
5. curiosity : eager to know n.好奇心；求知欲
He is burning with curiosity to know what has happened.
他极渴望知道发生了什么事。
His curiosity to learn new knowledge is quite strong.
他对新知识的求知欲很强。
adj. curious 好奇的，好打听（隐私）的
Many people are curious about the origin of mankind.
很多人对于人类的起源很感兴趣。
短语或句型
out of/from curiosity出于好奇
be curious to do sth.极想做某事
be curious about sth.对……感到好奇
It’s curious that… 真奇怪……
6. Wang Peng was amazed at this and especially at the prices.
王鹏感到吃惊，尤其是对它们的价格。
be amazed at表示“对……感到惊讶”。
Everybody was amazed at his words. 大家都对他的话感到惊讶。
◆be amazed之后除接介词at，还可接不定式，that从句等。
I was amazed to hear that you were leaving.　听说你要离开，我很吃惊。　
She was amazed that I was only twenty.　我只有二十岁，她对此感到很惊讶。　
◆be surprised at对……感到吃惊
be delighted at对……感到高兴
be sad at对……感到难过
7. It cost more than a good meal in his own restaurant. 这比在他自己的餐馆里吃顿好饭还要贵。
more than意为“多于……”；“不止”；“不仅仅……”
More than one man knows about it.不止一人知道此事。
He is more than a teacher.他不仅仅是位老师。
归纳:
(1)形容词比较级用于两者或双方之间的比较，常用句型有：
“比较级+than...”表示两者程度有差异。
“as+原级形容词+as...”表示双方程度相同。
“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。
“the+比较级+of the two + n .”表示两者中更……的那一个。
(2)no more than与not more than的区别：
①no more than意为“和……一样不……”指前后两者都差不多；
not more than意为“并不比……更……。”
not只否定前者，表示前者不如后者。
②接数字时，no more than意为“仅仅”（指少的意义）；
not more than意为“至多”“不多于”（指事实）。
单项选择
（1）Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has IQ.
A. a high B. higher 　　C. the higher D. the highest 　答案: B
（2）The patient feels better today.
A. much; than B. much 　C. very D. very; than 　答案: B
（3）Of the two toys,the child chose .
A. the less expensive one B. the one most expensive
C. the less expensive D. the most expensive of them 　　答案: A
8.　He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies!
他可不能让咏慧欺骗人们后跑掉。
have sb. doing sth.让某人做某事。(强调持续做某事)
She always has the TV going the whole night. 她总是让电视机整晚开着。
【注意】 have sb doing sth.与won’t或cannot连用时，表示“制止”或“拒绝”。
I won’t have you talking to me that way. 不准你用这种方式跟我讲话。
① have+sb+过去分词
I’m not going to have you mixed up with this sort of business.
我不会允许你同这种事搅在一起。
② have+sb+动词原形
Have Li Ping do it.　叫(让)李平做此事。
③have+sb+副词
will you have him in 　你把他请进来好吗？
④have+sb+介词短语
I had her at the house.　我让他呆在家里。
⑤have+sb+形容词
Please have them ready for class. 　请让他们做好上课准备。
9. get away with (做了某事)而不受惩罚；携带……跑掉
They got away with having damaged the car.
他们损坏了汽车却逃之夭夭。
相关短语：
get across　解释清楚，使人了解　
get along/on...　靠……为生　
get along/on with　进展……，与……相处　
get around/round　走动，（消息）传开　
get down to...　开始，着手……　
get to到达　
get down　写下，从……下来　
get up起床，上去　
get out of逃避，改掉　
10. tell a lie 撒谎　
Of course it’s true. I wouldn’t tell you a lie.　当然这是真的，我不会对你说谎的。
　◆（1）说谎　lie→lied→lied→lying
(2)　躺；位于lie→lay→lain→lying
（3）（lay放置；下蛋 ）lay→laid→laid→laying
I laid a book on the desk.我把一本书放在书桌上了。
Hens can lay eggs.母鸡能下蛋。
单项选择　
（1）—what did Joe do 　
—He　　　　　　asleep all morning.　
A.　lain　　B.　laid　C.　lay　　D.　lying　　　　答案：Ｃ　　　
（2）Do you know the boy under the tree
A. lay B. lain 　　C. laying D. lying 　　答案：Ｄ
11.　He had better do some research. 他最好做一番调查。
had better do sth.最好做某事
You had better set out at once.你最好立即动身。
had better应看作情态动词，通用于所有人称，其否定式为had better not。
He is doing his homework and you had better not trouble him.
他正在做作业，你最好别打扰他了。
12. Perhaps with a discount and a new sign he would win his customers back.
(1)discount: n. amount of money taken off the cost of sth折扣
These goods will be sold at a discount. 这些货物将减价出售。
Better reduce the price than allow a discount. 与其给折扣，不如减价。
(2) win back: 赢回; 重新获得
The party must try to win back the support it has lost. 该党须设法重获人心.
13. The competition between the two restaurants was on! 这两个餐馆之间的竞争开始了！
on adv. 进行中，在做，上演。与be和have连用，表示各种含义。
（1）What’s on (=What’s happening 或What’s the programme )
发生了什么事？有什么节目？
（2）What’s on (=What films are being shown)at the local cinema this week
这个星期本地电影院上演什么片子？
（3）Have you anything on tonight 你今晚有事吗？（你今晚有约会吗？）
Language Points in Comprehending(P11):
strength n. quality of being strong力，力量；体力；实力，长处
She doesn’t have enough strength to walk upstairs.
她没有足够的力气走上楼梯。
Chinese is his strength. 擅长中文是他的长处。
v. strengthen : become stronger加强，变强；使强壮
We want to strengthen our ties with them.
我们想加强与他们的关系。
Language Points in Learning about Language (P12):
consult 　vt. go to (a person, book, etc) for information请教，咨询；查阅，参考
You had better consult your doctor about your rash.
你长疹子的事最好去咨询医生。
I consulted the telephone book for his address.
我查阅电话簿找他的住址。
vi. discuss matters with sb (与人)商量；协议
He consulted with his business partners about the matter.
他与事业合伙人商议这件事。
Come And Eat Here (2)
Pre-reading
Learn these proverbs:
You are what you eat. 人如其食。
First wealth is health. 健康是人生的第一财富。
An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一个苹果，医生不来找。
Reading
Step1 In pairs discuss these questions after reading the passage.
1. How did Yong Hui feel when she came to Wang Peng’s restaurant Why
She felt angry because she thought Wang Peng had come into her restaurant to spy on her.
2. How did they solve their problems and become good friends
(a) Wang Peng showed that he wanted to cooperate and not compete with Yong Hui.
(b) They succeeded in finding a menu that provided a balanced menu.
3. Why was their cooperation a success
They cooperated successfully in business.
(b) They liked each other.
Step 2 Fill in the chart below.
What did they do Result
Combine their menu and provide a balanced oneraw vegetables with hamburgersthe boiled potatoes, not friedfresh fruit with ice cream cut down the fatincrease the fibera big success
Step 3 Language Points in Come And Eat Here (2):
1. Perhaps he would be able to earn his living after all and not have to close his restaurant.
也许他仍然能够谋生，而不至于关闭自己的餐馆。
after all在此意为“虽然……但是仍然……”。
After all his efforts, he also failed this time. 虽然他很努力，但他这次仍然失败了。
After all my care, it was broken. 虽然我已尽量小心，仍然把它打破了。
归纳:
（1）after all“结果；终究”，表示结果与预想不同，通常置于句尾。
（2）after all“毕竟，究竟”，导出原因，通常置于句首。这种用法的after all可以译为“别忘了；须知；应记住；要知道”。
2.　earn one’s living 谋生；以……为生
She used to earn her living by selling drinks. 她曾经以卖饮料来维持生活。
归纳:
earn a living谋生
make a/one’s living谋生
earn one’s own living自食其力
earn one’s bread谋生 【注意】 bread不可数，不能说earn a bread
3. in debt 欠债；负债；欠人情
He was always in debt when he was young. 他年轻时，经常负债。
He is heavily in debt.他负债累累。
归纳:
（1）be/get out of debt　还清负债；没欠债
（2）get/run/fall into debt借债；负债
（3）be in debt to sb. 欠某人的债
4. glare v . angry or fierce look怒目而视
They stood glaring at each other. 他们站着互相怒目而视。
辨析： glare, stare, gaze 与 glance
（1）glare作动词时意为“瞪视，凝视”，指愤怒或威胁地凝视，强调威胁或敌对的态度。
（2）stare 意为“注视，凝视”，指目不转睛地盯着看，带有好奇、惊喜、沉思或恐惧等感情，常有意或无意地带有贬义。
（3）gaze 表示注意力很集中。
（4）glance 意为“一瞥，看一眼，粗略地看一看”，指一看的结果。
They didn’t fight, but stood there glaring at each other.
他们没有打起来，但却站在那儿怒目而视。
He glanced at his watch and left in a hurry.
他看了看表，然后匆忙离开了。
“I’m going to get married,” he said. I stared at him in disbelief.
“我要结婚了。”他说。我盯着他，难以置信。
单项选择
（1）The tiger angrily at the cat.
A. stared B. gazed C. glared D. watched 答案：C
(2) I only at your work, but it seems to be good.
A. glared B. glanced C. stared D. gazed 答案：B
5. I thought you were a new customer and now I find you came only to spy on me and my menu. 我本来以为你是一为新顾客，现在我才发现你知识过来打探我和我的菜谱的。
only to spy... 在句中做目的状语
only to do sth. 和 only doing sth.
◆only to do sth. 表示一个与主语愿望相反的或出乎主语医疗的结果，或用来暗示最初的未能实现的动作。
only doing sth. 表示谓语动词本身的动作造成的结果。
6. benefit n.
(1)［U］ profit ; gain 益处；帮助
Did you get much benefit from your holiday 你的假期是否对你有很大的益处？
(2)［C］好处；恩惠
We should be aware of the benefits of a good education. 我们应该知道良好的教育的好处。
Never forget the benefits we receive from our parents. 决不要忘记父母给我们的恩惠。
benefit v. do good to sb 有益于；对……有益
The new railway will benefit the district.新铁路对于该地区将有益处。
You will benefit from these books. 你将得益于这些书。
归纳：
benefit from 从……中受益
for the benefit of 为了某人的利益
be of (great/much) benefit to …= be (very) beneficial to … 对……有利/有益
7. combine : join or mix together to form a whole
(1) vt. & vi. 联合；结合；合并
常用结构：
combine A and/with B 使A与B结合/联合
Hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water. 氢与氧化合成水。
Combine the eggs with a little flour and heat the mixture gently.
把鸡蛋和少量面粉调匀，用温火加热。　
He combines arrogance and incompetence in his dealings with the staff.
他在与工作人员交往中既傲慢又无能。　
combine 还可以和against 连用
Everything combined against him. 事事都和他作对。
The three countries combined together against their enemy.
这三个国家联合起来反对他们的敌人。
（2）combination　n.结合；混合；混合物；联合体
Pink is a combination of red and white.
粉红色是红色与白色的混合色。
8. cut down 削减，删节，砍倒
We must cut down our expenses. 我们必须削减开支。
Your article’s too long---please cut it down to 1000 words.你的文章太长―请把它删减到1000字。
归纳：
cut in 插话；打断
cut up 　切碎；挫伤
cut off　　切断；断绝；隔绝
cut through　　抄近路穿过
cut out　　　割断；删掉
单项选择
(1).　I won’t have a cigarette, thanks---- I am trying to .
A. cut in B. cut down C. cut out D. cut up 答案: B
(2) I was just talking to Margaret when Jackson .
A. cut in B. cut down C. cut out D. cut up 答案: A
9. before long 不久以后
before long　单独作状语，相当于soon.
You will understand this before long. 不久你会明白这一点的。
long before 很久以前
I had known her long before. 我很久就认识她了。
… long before … 的固定句式
It took/was long before… 过了很久才……
It didn’t take/wasn’t long before…　　过了不久就……
It will take/be long before…　　　　　要过很久才……
It won’t take/be long before…　　　　不久就会……
It took long before he came to help me. 过了很久他才来帮我。
It didn’t take long before the fire was put out. 不久就把火扑灭了。
It will be long before the new school is built up. 要过很久才能建成新校。
It won’t be a long time before someone comes to see you. 不久就会有人来看你。
（1）Mary came to France in 1940, and it wasn’t long she became a French citizen.
A. while B. before C. since D. when 答案: B
(2) her death in 1886, the poet Emily Dickenson had become a legend (传奇人物) in the hometown of Amberst Massachusetts.
A. It was before long B. Before long C. When long before D. Long before 答案:D
语法: modal verbs　情态动词
1. ought to／should
◆ought to表示“应该”，口气比should还要强。它的否定式为ought not to/oughtn’t to。
You ought to take care of yourself when I’m away. 我不在的时候你一定要照顾好自己。
You oughtn’t to have let out the secret. 你本来不应该泄露这个秘密。
◆should 和ought to 后面跟动词不定式的完成式,其肯定句表示”过去应该做而未做”, 其否定句则表示”过去不该做但做了”。
You should/ought to have made the decision a week ago.
I shouldn't have made such a foolish mistake.
2. must和have to
◆have to表示“不得不”。与must不同的是，must表示说话人主观上的看法，即主观上的必要；而have to则表示客观要求。
I must stay at home and take care of my old grandma.
我必须呆在家里照顾我的老奶奶。（主观上要做这件事）
You will have to be punished if you can not hand in your paper on time.
如果你不能按时交上试卷，你将不得不受到惩罚。（客观上需要做这件事）
◆ don’t have to表示“不必要”，和needn’t意思相近。
You don’t have to stay up late preparing for the exam. I heard it’s quite simple.
你没必要熬夜准备考试，我听说考试很简单。
◆mustn’t 表示“不准，禁止”。
You mustn’t smoke in the hospital.在医院里禁止吸烟。
— Must I finish the task right now 我现在必须完成这个工作吗？
—Yes, you must. / Yes, you have to. 是的。
(—No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to. 不，不必。)
【注意】 在这些情态动词中，只有have to可以有人称、数、时态的变化。如：
You will have to be there before 10 :00.　你必须在十点之前到那里。
As he had broken his leg, he had to stay in bed. 由于摔坏了腿，他不得不呆在床上。
3. 几种特殊结构
must do表示对现在某事进行肯定性推测。
can’t do表示对现在某事进行否定性推测。
must have done表示对过去某事进行肯定性推测。
can’t have done表示对过去某事进行否定性推测。
should /ought to have done
表示应该做而实际上未做的事情。
should not/ought not to have done
表示不应该做而已经做了的事情。
may/might have done表示或许已经做过某件事。
could have done表示能做却没有做的事情。
would have done表示本来要做却没有做的事情。
needn’t have done表示本来没必要做却做了的事情。
单项选择
1. Johnny, you ______ play with the knife , you _____ hurt yourself.
A. won`t ; can`t B. mustn`t ; may C. shouldn`t ; must D. can`t ; shouldn`t
2. When can I come for the photos I need them tomorrow afternoon.
They ____ be ready by 12:00.
A. can B. should C. might D. need
3. Shall I tell John about it
----No, you _____ . I`ve told him already.
needn`t B. wouldn`t C. mustn`t D. shouldn`t
4.　You take your umbrella. I’m sure it won’t rain.
A. shouldn’t B. can’t C. don’t have to D. mustn’t
5.　She for what she has done. But why do you keep silent on it
A. ought to praised B. ought to have praised
C. ought to have praised D. ought to have been praised
6.　Where is my pen I it.
A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost
7. ----What do you think of the food here
Oh, wonderful ! We ____ a better place.
A. won`t find B. mustn`t have found C. can`t find D . couldn`t have found
8. We _____ for her because she never came .
A. needn`t wait B. shouldn`t have waited C. mustn`t wait D. mustn`t have waited
9. He _____ you more help , even though he was very busy .
A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give
10. Tom ought not to me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told
Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank Note
Teaching aims:
To help Ss know more about American writer – Mark Twain and his story The Million Pound Bank Note.
To help Ss learn about the features about the plays and the languages in the plays and appreciate the play.
To help Ss learn how to ask for permission politely and how to order the food and how to do the shopping.
To help Ss learn the noun clause—the object clause & the predicative clause
To help Ss learn and master the words and useful expressions in this unit.
Focus
Words: bet, permit, wander, stare, spot, account, seek, scream, issue, bow
Expressions: bring up, make a bet, go ahead, by accident, stare at, account for, on the contrary, in rags
Sentence patterns:
A rich person gives you a large amount of money to use as you like.
Have you ever made a bet with a friend If so, what did you bet on
Now ladies and gentlemen, you are about to hear the most incredible tale.
Permit me to lead the way, sir.
I wonder, Mr Adams, if you’d mind us asking a few questions.
As a matter of fact, I’d about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship.
And it was the ship that brought you to England.
I earned my passage by working as an unpaid band, which accounts for my appearance.
Well, to be honest, I have none.
Teaching steps:
Step 1: Warming up
Mark Twain is probably one of the few American writers with whom your students are already familiar.
1. Are you familiar with the American writer – Mark Twain This is a quiz for you. I want to find out how much you have already known about Mark Twain before we start. Close your books and answer in your notebooks.
What was the real name of Mark Twain
What does Mark Twain mean
What century was he born
What was his job
Can you namne one of his famous novels
Along which river are some of his most famous novels set
Did he write plays as well as novels and short stories (Twain did not write plays but he did write novels and short stories.)
Can you name one of his short stories
2. Read the short passage in SB Warming up on Page 17, and fill in the chart.
3. Ask the class if any of them have read or seen a film of The adventures of Tom Sawyer or The adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Tell the class the plot briefly.
Step 2: Pre-reading
Imagine that somebody gives you a large sum of money to spend as you like. What would you do with it (T: Firstly, I would build a school with the money. And then I would use the rest of the money to travel around the world till the money is used up. At last, I would come to the school to work.)
Ask Ss whether they have read the story of “The Million Pound Bank Note” / What about the film If they have, what did they think of it
Step 3: Reading
Imagine what would happen to a perfectly honest and intelligent stranger who should be turned adrift in London without a friend, and with no money but a million-pound bank-note, and no way to account for his being in possession of it Could he live for a month without being sent to jail
Read the text carefully and decide on the type of writing and try to get the main idea of the passage.
Type of writing: This is a piece of narrative writing, a play.
Main idea of the passage: Two rich Bristish men offer a penniless American a loan, without telling him that the amount is 1,000,000, and this is the form of a single banknote.
Read the text again and do Ex. 1-3 on Page 19. Check the answers with the whole class, especially Ex.3. Pay attention to what Henry says or does and how he feels.
Get Ss to discuss the questions in Ex 4 on page 19.
Language points.
An incredible tale难以置信的故事, have some very bad luck非常倒霉,
be lost in London在伦敦迷路, have no money身无分文,
walk down the street在街上走, hear sb doing听见某人正在做某事,
step inside走进来, through the front door从前门进来, on one’s left在某人左侧, open the door for…给开门, permit … to do sth准许做, ask a few questions,问些问题 go right ahead请问吧, have no plans没计划, find work找工作,
as a matter of fact事实上, land in Britain在英国上岸, by accident偶然,
back home在家时，回家, sail out of the bay驶出港湾, stare at盯着看,
towards nightfall接近傍晚时分, find …done发现某事某人被,
be carried out to sea被带到海上, a strong wind一阵大风,
give up for lost因迷失而放弃, be spotted by a ship被一艘船发现,
earn one’s passage by… 通过做某事赚取某人的游资,
work as an unpaid hand作为一个不拿工资的帮手, account for说明理由,
smile at…相顾而笑, work for…为工作 , offer sb. sth.提供某人某物,
a mining company一家矿业公司, care about…在意, an honest job老老实实的工作, show…out,送出去 in an hour and a half一个半小时以后
6. Important sentences.
1) He was brought up in Hannibal. 提出， 养育， 提升， 调集, 呕吐
﹡ I shall bring up this question at the next meeting.
Why did you have to bring up the subject of money
﹡ He left her to bring up three young children on her own. 他留下她独自抚养孩子。
﹡In my day, children were brought up to respect the law.在我小时侯，孩子们都接受教育要遵守法律。
﹡He can’t eat anything without bringing it up. 他吃什么都吐。
﹡We need to bring up more tanks.我们需要调集更多的坦克到前线。
﹡He was brought up on a charge of drunken driving.他被控醉酒驾车而出庭受审。
2）A rich person gives you a large sum of money to spend as you like. What would you do with it
﹡a large sum of money = a large amount of money 一大笔钱
Sid was left a large sum of money by his aunt. 西德的姑母给他留下一大笔钱。
It was mine for the sum of $20.我是花了20 美圆把它买来的。
﹡as you like 如你喜欢/愿意 象。。。一样
Jim works in the same office as my sister does.
Do as I say!
David, as you know, has not been well lately.
﹡ do with 处理，应付 what to do with sth / how to deal with sth
3) Two old and wealthy brothers have made a bet ( an agreement to risk money on the result of a race, game, competition etc.).
﹡have a bet win /lose a bet accept / take up a bet
We made a bet on the outcome of the next horse race.
I made a bet that we would win the football match.
Mom had a bet on the Yankees and won $20.
I’ve got a $20 bet on the National.
﹡Mrs. Black spent all her money betting on horses.
I bet …= I’m certain…我肯定 I bet he’s gone to swimming –he loves it.
4) They see a penniless young man wandering on the pavement outside their house.闲逛，漫步
﹡see sb doing / hear sb doing hear a voice calling his name
﹡wander (to move slowly across or around an area, without a clear direction or purpose)
Wander in / through / around I’ll just wander around the mall for half an hour.
The river wanders through some beautiful country.
He wandered in to see me as if he had nothing else to do.
Don’t let any of the kids wander off (move away).
Pastor Riker started to wander from/off the point (to start to talk about something not connected with the main subject that you were talking about before).
5) It is Henry Adams who is lost in London and does not know what he should do.
﹡It is … who …
﹡ be lost in 迷路/ 倾心于某事
He was lost in the forest for three days and nights and was finally rescued by his friends.
He was lost in reading his book that he forgot the time of his train.
6) Permit me to lead the way, sir. (formal to allow sth to happen, especially by an official order or decision)
﹡ Permit sb to do sth = allow sb to do sb. Permit sb sth. Permit sth in / near.
Smoking is only permitted in the public lounge.
Will you permit us to use this room for a meeting this afternoon
We’ll have a picnic in the woods, weather permitting.如果天气好，我们将在树林里野餐
You are not permitted /allowed to smoke here.
She won’t permit her dogs to enter this yard.
﹡ permit doing sth The rules of the club don’t permit smoking.
I’ll come after the meeting if time permits.
﹡ permit 与allow 在许多情况下通用，但较正式，比较积极，从正面允许。
They don’t permit you to smoke.
Allow 指并不反对或不加阻止，偏重默许或听任，较消极。
Each passenger is allowed twenty-five kilogrammes of luggage.
let 正式，口语化，语意最弱，指能给予可能或同意，有时含有难以阻止或限制。
Let him wait.
7) I wonder, Mr.Adams, if you’d mind us asking a few questions.
﹡ I wonder if /whether you …不知您是否。。。 委婉请求的句式，用于正式场合
﹡ mind us asking a few questions one’s doing
8) As a matter of fact, I landed in Britain by accident.
﹡ as a matter of fact = in fact 事实上，实际上
He appears to be in very good health but as a matter of fact, he suffers from a weak heart.
I didn’t go to the club yesterday. As a matter of fact, I haven’t been there for a long time.
﹡ by accident = by chance 偶然地
By accident, he found the place where his brother had hidden the treasure.
9) His eyes stare at what is left of the brother’s dinner on table(to look at sth or sb for a long time without moving your eyes).
﹡ What are you staring at 盯着
Don’t stare at me like that. She stared at herself in the mirror.
The children stared at the teacher with awe.
They stared at the strange sight in silent wonder.
﹡ She glared at him accusingly(to look angrily at someone for a long time) 怒视.
﹡ He glanced nervously at his watch(to quickly look at someone or sth once) 迅速看一眼.
…towards nightfall I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind.
It was all my fault.
﹡He found the lost bag hidden behind the door.
He found himself followed by an old man.
﹡It’s not my fault that the brakes didn’t work properly.
She failed the test but it was her own fault, she didn’t do any work.
He lost his job, but it was his own fault for telling lies.
The next morning I’d about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship(to notice something, especially sth that is difficult to see, or that you are looking for).
He is very tall and can be easily spotted in the crowd.
The thief was spotted by the police as he was leaving the bank.
Meg spotted someone coming out of the building.
And it was the ship that brought you to England.
It was in this room that Luxun once lived.
Was it because his mother was ill that he didn’t go to school
When was it that the club was set up
I earned my passage by working as an unpaid band, which accounts for my appearance.
﹡earn one’s passage / living by doing sth (selling vegetables)
﹡account for …be the explanation of sth explain the cause of sth 做某事的解释；解释某事物的原因
His illness accounts for his absence. 他因病缺席。
Please account for your own conduct. 请对自己的行为作出解释。
He could not account for his absence from school.他无法说明他旷课的原因。
He’ll have to account for where every cent goes. 他得说明所花掉的每一分钱。
He has been asked to account for his conduct.他被要求解释他的行为。
14）I’m afraid I don’t quite follow you.= I’m afraid I don’t quite understand you.
15) I went to the American Embassy to seek help(formal to ask someone for advice or help).
Seek one’s advice / help/ assistance seek one’s fortune seek to do sth
We are seeking to improve productivity.
You should seek advice from your lawyer on this matter.
16) on the contrary 正相反
I’m not ill. On the contrary, I’m very healthy.
He is not poor, on the contrary, he is a millionaire.
It doesn’t seem ugly to me; on the contrary, I think it’s rather beautiful.
Step 4: Discovering useful words and expressions
According to the meanings find the correct word for each and check the answer with the class.
Explain the usage and meaning of each word in each sentence of Ex.2 on Page 20. Try to make your own sentences using these words in different meanings.
Use the words and phrases to complete the stories in Ex.3 on Page 20.
Step 5: Discovering useful structures
Like phrases, subordinate clauses can perform the function of the various parts of speech such as nouns, adjectives,and adverbs. A subordinate clause which functions as a noun is called a noun clause and can serve as a(an): subject, Direct Object, Indirect Object, Predicate Noun, Object of a Preposition, Object Complement, Appositive to a Subject or Object. Scan the text for examples of Noun clauses as the object and predicative.
Examples of a noun clause functioning as the object and predicative.
We discovered what he had asked her.
The insult was that he had even asked her.
She found fault in what he had asked her.
You can call him what you wish.
Ask Ss to pay attention to the feature of a noun clause functioning as the object and predictive.
Finish off all the exercises on Page 21 about the noun clause and check them with the whole class..
Step 6: Using Language
Ask some students to act out the play.
Ask Ss whether they like the the play and whether they want to know the end of the story.
Imagine what will happen to Henry with a million pound bank bill on him.
Instruct Ss to read Act I, Scene 4. Read the play carefully.
Write all the useful expressions or collecations from the passage.
take one’s order点菜, make … extra thick使特别厚, cost a tiny bit得多花点儿钱,
have a nice tall class of beer要一大杯啤酒, eat like a wolf吃东西像头饿狼,
leave for…朝走去, look on sb’s face看着服务员脸上的神色, ask for…要,
take a chance抓住机会, read the bill念帐单, two orders of …两份,
in a rude manner 以粗鲁的方式, take care of …照看照料, a wonderful meal一顿美食, get … out of …从中得出, pay the bill付帐, hold …in one’s hands手里拿着,
look at …over one’s shoulders把头转向看 …, issue a note in the amount of …发行了面