牛津深圳版八年级下册非谓语动词之动词不定式课件（14张PPT）

(共14张PPT)
非谓语动词之动词不定式
Cara
Lee
1
动词不定式的构成
2
动词不定式句法功能
目录
一.动词不定式的构成
动词不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形。有时可以不用to,这里的to
是不定式符号，本身没有词义，动词不定式的否定形式是“not(+to)+动词原形”。
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语或状语。
动词不定式的句法功能----不定式作主语
用作主语的动词不定式通常表示一种具体的、特定的行为，其谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。当作主语的不定式（短语）较长时，通常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语置于句末。
eg.
To
learn
English
well
is
not
easy.
It
took
me
three
days
to
complete
the
trouble
task.
形式主语
真正主语
It's
necessary
for
us_________(talk)
to
our
parents
when
we
have
problems.
解析：在固定句型It
is+adj.+for+sb.+to
do
sth.中。不定式作主语，it为形式主语，所以填to
talk。
to
talk
动词不定式的句法功能----不定式作宾语
有些及物动词后用不定式作宾语，常见的这类及物动词有：begin,choose,contnue,decide,expect,fail,offer,forget,hate,help,hope,learn,
manage,mean,need,plan,prefer,pretend,promise,refuse,try,wait,want,wish,
determine,dare,attempt,afford,agree,start,like.
She
forgot
to
return
the
books.
如果作宾语的不定式有宾语补足语，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语后置。
eg.I
find
it
important
to
get
up
early
in
the
morning.
例1：Harry
has
decided_____
an
online
shop
after
graduating
from
school.
A.open
B.to
open
C.opened
D.opening
解析：本题考查动词不定式作宾语。decide
to
do
sth。决定做某事，故选B项。
例2：I
want
to
see
Beijing
Opera,
so
Lingling
offered_______me
to
watch
an
opera.
A.took
B.takes
C.to
take
D.taking
解析：句意：我想看京剧，所以玲玲主动提出带我去看一场。offer后接不定式，表示“主动提出做某事”。故选C项。
巧记用不定式作宾语的动词
想要，忘记，拒绝（want,forget,refuse）
需要，努力，学习（need，try,
learn）
喜欢，同意，帮助（like，agree,help）
希望，决定，开始（hope/wish,decide,begin/start）
动词不定式的句法功能----不定式作定语
1.不定式有时起形容词的作用，修饰名词、代词，在句中作定语。不定式作定语时，它的位置是在它所修饰的名词或代词之后
He
was
the
first
to
come
to
the
classroom.
例：Joining
a
summer
camp
is
a
great
chance______free
time
with
your
friends.
A.spend
B.spending
C.to
spend
解析：句意：参加夏令营是和你的朋友们一起度过空闲时光的好机会。
本题考查非谓语动词。
a
chance
to
do
sth.意为“一个做某事的机会”
故选择C.
2.如果不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定的故事动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面就应有必要的介词。
I
want
some
paper
to
write
on.
That
girl
has
nothing
to
worry
about.
动词不定式的句法功能----不定式作定语
3.不定式修饰something,anything,nothing时，放在它们的后面，如果something,anything,nothing有形容词来修饰，词序是“something/anything/nothing+形容词+不定式。”
Have
you
got
anything
important
to
buy?
I
had
something
cold
to
drink.
动词不定式的句法功能----不定式作表语
动词不定式可以跟在连系动词后作表语，表示主语的具体内容、目的等。动词不定式作表语通常可以跟主语进行位置互换。
My
dream
is
to
be/become
a
famous
scientist.
动词不定式的句法功能----不定式作宾语补足语
常见的跟带to的不定式作宾语补足语的（短语）动词
Mother
asks
me
not
to
play
computer
games
before
finishing
my
homework.
persuade说服
allow允许
order命令
teach教
ask要求
want想要
invite邀请
forbid禁止
wish希望
encourage鼓励
tell告诉
warn警告
advise建议
expect期望
would
like愿意
动词不定式的句法功能----不定式作宾语补足语
例1My
parents
didn't
allow
me______to
the
party.
A.go
B.to
go
C.goes
D.went
解析：allow
sb.to
do
sth.允许某人做某事，此处不定式作宾语补足语，故选B项。
例2
My
father
is
not
good
at
cooking.
He
often
asks
my
mother______.
A.to
help
him
B.to
be
helped
C.not
to
help
him
D.how
to
help
him
解析：句意:我父亲不擅长做饭。他经常让我母亲帮忙。ask
sb.to
do
sth.让某人做某事，是“动词+宾语+宾补”结构，选项C是它的否定形式，不符合题意。所以选A.
动词不定式的句法功能----不定式作状语
1.目的状语
常用结构：only
to
do(仅仅为了)，in
order
to
do,so
as
to
do.
He
ran
fast
so
as
to
catch
the
first
bus.
I
come
here
only
to
say
good-bye
to
you.
例：
How
kind
you
are!
You
always
do
what
you
can
______me.
A.help
B.helping
C.to
help
D.helps
解析：设空处用不定式作目的状语，故选C项。
2.结果状语
常用结构：so...as
to,
too...to...,enough...to...,only
to
do(表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果。)
I
awoke
only
to
find
my
luggage
gone.
I'm
not
so
stupid
as
to
believe
that.
3.原因状语
I'm
glad
to
see
you
I'm
only
too
glad
to
have
passed
the
exam.
动词不定式的句法功能----不定式作独立成分
不定式用作独立成分，往往是用作评注性状语
To
be
honest,it
was
one
of
the
worst
books
I've
ever
read.
It
was
too
expensive,to
say
nothing
of
the
time
it
wasted.
常用作独立成分的不定式短语：
to
be
frank坦率地说
to
be
honest老实说
to
begin
with首先
to
start
with首先
to
tell
you
the
truth说实话
感谢聆听
Thank
you