(共42张PPT)
Unit10
I’ve
had
this
bike
for
three
years.
Period(Three)
SectionA
(4a-4c)
版本:人教版八年级下册
Lead
in
Enjoy
a
video
and
talk
about
the
Flea
Market.
Revision
at
first?
起初；起先
grow
up
长大；成熟；成长?
as
for?
至于；关于
junior
high
school?初级中学
part
with?
放弃、交出(尤指不舍得的东西)
to
be
honest?
说实在的?
bread
maker?
面包机
To
learn
the
present
perfect
tense
with
for
and
since.
1.
--How
long
have
you
had
that
bike
over
there?
--I’ve
had
it
for
three
years.
2.
--How
long
has
his
son
owned
the
train
and
railway
set?
--He’s
owned
it
since
his
fourth
birthday.
Objectives
Grammar
focus
完成下列句子。
那边那辆自行车你骑了多久了？
__________
have
you
had
that
bike
over
there?
2.
我已经骑了三年了。
I’ve
had
it
______________.
3.
他的儿子拥有火车和轨道多久了？_________________________
the
train
and
railway
set?
How
long
for
three
years
How
long
has
his
son
owned
4.
他从四岁生日时就有了。
He’s
owned
it_________________________.
since
his
fourth
birthday
5.
你踢过足球吗？
______________
played
football?
6.
是的，当我小的时候踢过。但是现在已经有好一阵没有踢过了。
Yes,
I
did
when
I
was
little,
but
I
_____________
for
a
while
now.
Have
you
ever
haven’t
played
现在完成时表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始、一直持续到现在，多与“since
+点时间”或“for
+段时间”连用。for表示“经过(一段时间)”，而since表示“自从(……以来)”。
常见结构如下：
现在完成时---
since
和
for
的用法
for
+表示一段时间的状语
一段时间+
ago
since
+
表示过去的某一时间点
从句
例句：
He
has
lived
here
for
16
years.
他住在这里有十六年了。
He
has
lived
here
since
16
years
ago.
他从十六年前起就住在这里了。
He
has
lived
here
since
1991.
他从1991年起就住在这里了。
He
has
lived
here
since
he
was
born.
他从出生起就住在这里。
在对现在完成时的时间状语进行提问时，我们常用how
long
How
long
have
you
played
basketball?
How
long
have
you
been
collecting
shells?
---
How
long
has
Mary
been
a
teacher?
---
Since
two
years
ago.
介词
for
短语表示一个时间段，指某个动作或情况到现在为止已持续了多久；since
作为介词，接一个时间名词；作为连词，引导一个时间状语从句(从句动词一般是短暂性动词)。since
表示“自…以来”，指某个动作或情况从过去某一点时间一直持续到现在，因此，与
for
或
since
引出的时间状语连用的句子(或主语)谓语动词必须是延续性的。
英语中有些动词的意义不能延续，表示的是一瞬间就结束的动作，这些动词被称为非延续性动词或短暂性动词，常见的如
come,
leave,
go,
lose,
see,
begin,
start,
arrive,
become,
die,
buy,
borrow,
close,
join,
reach,
fall,
get
up
等。这类动词可以用于完成时态，但在肯定句中不能与表示动作延续的时间状语
for
或
since
短语连用。如：
正:
He
has
come
back.
他已回来。
误:
He
has
come
back
for
three
days.
若要表示“他回来已三天了”这样的意思，可以将动词改为延续性动词，或改变时间状语，或改用别的句型等，如译为：
He
has
been
back
for
three
days.
(改变谓语动词)
He
has
been
back
since
three
days
ago.
(改变谓语动词)
He
came
back
three
days
ago.
(改变时间状语及动词时态)
It’s
three
days
since
he
came
back.
(改变句型)
come,
go,
begin,
start,
become,
join,
end,
die,
buy,
arrive,
reach,
borrow,
lend,
get
to
know等这些短暂性动词如果要谈论一个动作发生在过去某个时间点，我们可以使用ago或一般过去时。如：
Kitty
has
left
Beijing
for
two
days.
Kitty
left
Beijing
two
days
ago.
Kitty
has
been
away
from
Beijing
for
two
days.
Kitty
has
bought
her
purse
since
last
year.
Kitty
bought
her
purse
a
year
ago.
Kitty
has
had
her
purse
for
a
year.
√
√
√
√
x
x
在表示持续一段时间的句子中，应将短暂性动词转化为相同意义的延续性动词或状态动词。
初中英语中常见的有：
短暂性动词
延续性动词
go,
leave,
move
arrive,
come,
reach
join,?
become
buy,
get
(得到)
be
away
(off),??
be
out
of
be
here
,
be
in
+某地
be
in,?
be
a
(an)
+
n.
have
fall
ill
(asleep)
finish,
end
begin
,
start
begin
to
learn
(work,
read,
rain)
go
out
get
up
borrow
get
to
know
die
lose
be
ill
(asleep)
be
over
be
on
learn,
work
,
read,?
rain
be
out
be
up
keep
know
be
dead
be
lost
短暂性动词
延续性动词
非延续性动词用于完成时态，在肯定句中不能与for
或
since引出的短语(或句子)连用，但在否定句中是可以的，因为一个非延续性动词一旦被否定即成为状态，而状态总是可以延续的。如：
I
haven’t
seen
him
for
a
long
time.
我很久没见到他了。
He
hasn’t
come
here
for
some
time.
他有段时间没来了。
I
haven’t
heard
from
her
since
she
left.
自她离开以后，我一直没收到她的来信。
1.
转换为相应的延续性动词，用于现在完成时。
borrow
—
buy
—
put
on
—
catch
a
cold
—
get
to
know
—
get
to
sleep
—
keep
have
wear
have
a
cold
know
sleep
2.
转化为“be
+
形容词/副词/介词/名词”
begin
/
start
—
be
on
go
out
—
be
out
close
—
be
closed
open
—
be
open
get
to/arrive/reach
—
be
(in)
die
—
be
dead
leave
—
be
away
finish
—
be
over
fall
sleep
—
be
asleep
join
—
be
in/be
a
member
of
become
—
be
make
friends
—
be
friends
come/go/
—
be+相应的介词短语
4a
Rewrite
the
sentences
using
for
or
since.
1.
Jim
is
in
Japan.
He
arrived
there
three
days
ago.
2.
They
are
very
hungry.
Their
last
meal
was
ten
hours
ago.
3.
I
have
a
camera.
I
bought
it
in
2009.
Jim
has
been
in
Japan
for
three
days.
They
have
not
eaten
for
ten
hours.
I
have
had
a
camera
since
2009.
4.
I
know
Ann.
I
first
met
her
three
years
ago.
5.
Linda
is
ill.
She
became
ill
on
Monday.
I
have
known
Anna
for
three
years.
Linda
has
been
ill
since
Monday.
4b
Fill
in
the
blanks
with
the
correct
forms
of
the
verbs
in
brackets.
I
_______________
(never
be)
to
the
water
park
before.
I
want
to
_____(go)
next
month
before
the
weather
gets
too
cold.
2.
They
________________
(never
own)
any
pets,
but
they
___________________
(always
want)
to
have
a
dog.
have
never
been
go
have
never
owned
have
always
wanted
3.
We
________
(have)
a
piano
since
last
November.
We
________
(buy)
it
from
the
Li
family
when
they
moved
to
the
US
last
year.
4.
Cathy
and
Amy
_________________________
(not
be)
back
to
their
hometown
for
two
years.
They
_____
(miss)
their
hometown
a
lot
and
hope
to
visit
the
place
next
year.
have
had
have
not
been/haven’t
been
bought
miss
5.
This
museum
________
(be)
here
for
over
20
years.
It
____
(be)
one
of
the
oldest
buildings
in
this
small
town.
has
been
is
1.
Do
you
have
a(n)
________?
How
long
have
you
had
it?
2.
Do
you
own
a(n)
________?
How
long
have
you
owned
it?
4c
Fill
in
the
questions
and
ask
two
students.
Then
complete
the
chart.
Things
How
long
Tony
favorite
book
basketball
for
two
years
since
he
was
10
years
old
Student
1
Student
2
Summary
1.
现在完成时的特殊疑问句的结构：
疑问词
+
have/has
+
主语
+
过去分词
+
其他成分。询问时间长短的疑问词用how
long。
2.
介词for后接一段时间，指某个动作或情况到现在为止已持续了多久。
3.
since有两种用法，分别是：
①
作为介词，接一个时间名词；
②
作为连词，引导一个时间状语从句。
since表示“自……以来”，指某个动作或情况从过去某一点时间一直持续到现在。
一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1．We
____________(not
see)
each
other
since
I
____(leave)
the
university.
2．The
hospital
_________(be)
here
for
10
years.
It
____
(be)
the
tallest
building
in
our
city.
3．She
_______________(never
be)
to
the
amusement
park
since
two
years
ago.
Her
parents
__________(take)
her
there
next
week.
4．I
don't
want
to
give
away
my
football
shirts
although
I
______________
(not
play)
for
a
while
now.
5．I
_________________(never
visit)
the
Great
Wall
before.
I
want
_________(visit)
it
one
day.
haven't
seen
left
has
been
is
has
never
been
will
take
haven't
played
have
never
visited
to
visit
Exercise
6.
The
old
man
__________(live)
here
since
1992.
7.
_______
you
_________(visit)
our
factory
yet?
8.
I
____________
(not
see)
you
for
a
long
time.
You
_____________(change)
a
lot.
9.
I’m
afraid
I
__________(keep)
you
waiting
for
a
long
time.
10.
He
__________(know)
the
city
since
he
was
very
young.
has
lived
Have
visited
haven’t
seen
have
changed
have
kept
has
known
(
)
1.
I
______
Mr.
Smith
since
he
moved
to
Shanghai.
A.
didn’t
hear
from
B.
don’t
hear
from
C.
won’t
hear
from
D.
haven’t
heard
from
D
(
)2.
Not
only
Jam
but
also
his
parents
_______
a
few
interesting
places
since
they
came
to
China.
A.
will
visit
B.
has
visited
C.
have
visited
D.
visited
C
二.
单项选择
(
)3.
—Excuse
me,
where
is
Mr.
Brown's
office?
—Sorry,
I
don’t
know.
I
_____
here
for
only
a
few
days.
A.
work
B.
worked
C.
have
worked
D.
will
work
C
(
)
4.
My
grandmother
______
a
lot
of
changes
in
Tianjin
since
she
came
here.
A．sees
B.
can
see
C.
will
see
D.
has
seen
D
(
)
5.I
_______
many
new
friends
since
I
came
here.
A.
make
B.
made
C.
will
make
D.
have
made
D
(
)
6.My
aunt
is
a
writer.
She
_____
more
than
ten
books
since
1980.
A.
writes
B.
wrote
C.
has
written
D.
will
write
C
(
)7.
Some
boys
in
our
class
_____
the
football
club
for
a
year.
They
are
crazy
about
playing
football
now.
（2017·哈尔滨）
A.
joined
B.
have
joined
C.
have
been
in
(
)8.
—
______is
it
from
your
house
to
the
bookstore?
—
It’s
about
fifteen
minutes’
walk.
（2017·哈尔滨）
A.
How
long
B.
How
far
C.
How
often
C
B
(
)
9.
My
mother
_____
a
good
example
for
me
since
I
was
young.（2016·陕西）
A.
was
B.
has
been
C.
will
be
D.
is
B
(
)
10.
Uncle
Liang
________
in
Haikou
since
1980,
so
he
knows
a
lot
about
the
city.
（2016·海南）
A.
is
living
B.
has
lived
C.
lived
B
(
)
11.
William
Shakespeare
______
for
400
years,
but
his
works
still
have
great
influence
today.
（2016·山东青岛）
A.
died
B.
was
dying
C.
has
died
D.
has
been
dead
D
(
)
12.
---What
a
nice
watch!
How
long
_____
you
____it?
---For
just
two
weeks.（2016·天津）
A.
will
,
buy
B.
have,
had
C.
were,
having
D.
did,
buy
B
(
)
13.
Premier
Zhou
Enlai
_____
for
many
years,
he
still
lives
in
the
hearts
of
Chinese
people.
（2015安顺）
A.
died
B.
was
died
C.
has
been
died
D.
has
been
dead
D
(
)14.
I
_____
scared
of
dogs
ever
since
a
dog
hurt
me
when
I
was
five
years
old.
（2015杭州）
A.
will
be
B.
was
C.
have
been
D.
would
be
C
(
)
15.
—
Do
you
know
Diaoyu
Island?
—Sure.
It
______
China
since
ancient
times.?
【2014湖北咸宁】
A.
belongs
to?????
B.
belonged
to?
C.
has
belonged
to
??????D.
is
belonging
to
C
(
)
16.He
_____
in
this
factory
for
20
years
already.??
【2014北京】
??????A.
will
work?????
B.
works???
C.
has
worked?????
D.
is
working
C
三、按要求完成下列句子。
1．Her
parents
came
to
China
five
years
ago.(改为同义句)
Her
parents
_______________
China
____
five
years.
2．My
father
left
home
the
day
before
yesterday.(用for
two
days改写句子)
My
father
__________________home
for
two
days.
3．Susan
bought
the
umbrella
the
day
before
yesterday.(改为同义句)
Susan
____________
the
umbrella
________two
days
ago.
have
been
in
for
has
been
away
from
has
had
since
4.
They
have
been
here
since
2000.
(对划线部分提问)
____________
have
they
been
here?
5.
The
old
man
_________
last
year.
He
____________________
for
a
year.
(die)
（动词填空）
6.
This
factory
opened
twenty
years
ago.
(同义句转换)
This
factory
____________________
for
twenty
years.
How?long?
died
has
been
dead?
has
been
open?
4.
Mr
Green
has
worked
here
______
he
came
to
China.
5.
His
grandparents
have
been
dead
______
several
years.
6.
It’s
five
years
_______
we
met
last
time.
四.
选用
for和
since填空:
1.We
haven’t
seen
each
other
______
a
long
time.
2.His
father
has
been
in
the
Party
______
10
years
ago.
3.The
film
has
been
on
______
20
minutes.
for
since
for
since
for
since
五.
用for或since完成下列句子。
1.
Jill
is
in
Ireland
now.
She
arrived
there
three
days
ago.
She
has
been
there
for
three
days.
2.
Jack
is
here.
He
arrived
here
on
Tuesday.
He
has
______________________________.?
3.
I
know
Sue.
I
first
met
Sue
two
years
ago.
I’ve
_______________________________________________.
been
here
since
Tuesday
known
Sue
since
two
years
ago.
/
for
two
years
4.?I
have
a
camera.
I
bought
it
in
1989.
_________________________________________.
5.?Dave
plays
the
piano.
He
started
when
he
was
seven
years
old.
__________________________________________________.
I
have
had
the
camera
since
1989
Dave
has
played
the
piano
since
he
was
seven
years
old
Homework
1.
Review
Section
B.
2.
Finish
the
exercises
in
the
workbook.
谢谢
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Unit
10
I’ve
had
this
bike
for
three
years.
Section
A
(4a-4c)课后练习
【基础通关】
I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词。
1.
Mike
never
tells
lies.
He
is
an
_____________(诚实的)boy.
2.
The
old
man
has
been
away
from
his
_____________
(家乡)
for
over
30
years.
3.
Why
did
you
sleep
in
my
_____________
(卧室)
last
night?
4.
There
must
be_____________
(某种)
animals
living
in
the
hole.
5.
The_____________
(铁路)
to
Tibet
is
called
the
Road
to
the
sky.
II.用所给单词的适当形式填空。
6.
The
woman
seemed
to
_____________
(lose)
her
way.
7.
Mr.
Tang
is
the
_____________
(own)
of
the
big
house.
8.
Have
you
ever
thought
about
_____________
(take)
a
trip
to
Chengdu?
9.
She
is
so
_____________
(understand)
that
we
all
love
her.
10.
The
man
is
_____________
(true)
and
you
can
trust
him,
III.
根据汉语意思完成句子
11.
你拥有那边的那辆自行车多长时间了？
__________
__________
have
you
__________
that
bike
over
there?
12.
杰夫拥有这辆自行车十多年了。
Jeff
__________
__________
this
bike
__________
more
than
10
years.
13.
埃米想保留她的旧物品，因为它们带来甜美的回忆。
Amy
wants
to
keep
her
old
things
because
they
__________
__________
__________
__________.
14.
你也可以把旧东西捐赠给需要它们的人。
You
can
also
__________
old
things
__________
to
people
__________
__________.
15.
我们已经从我们的卧室清理出许多东西。
We
__________
already
__________
__________
a
lot
of
things
from
our
__________.
【能力提升】
III.
语篇翻译
Bamboo
is
one
of
the
nature’s
most
surprising
plants.
16.
许多人称这种植物为树，但它是一种草。
Like
other
kinds
of
grass,
a
bamboo
plant
may
be
cut
very
low
to
the
ground,
but
it
will
grow
back
very
quickly.
A
Japanese
scientist
recorded
one
bamboo
plant
that
grew
almost
1.5
meters
in
24
hours!
Bamboo
grows
almost
everywhere
in
the
world
except
Europe.
17.
There
are
more
than
1,000
kinds
of
bamboo
that
grow
around
the
world
on
both
mountains
and
plains
(平原).
Not
all
bamboo
looks
the
same.
Some
bamboo
plants
are
very
thin.
They
may
only
grow
to
be
a
few
centimeters
wide
while
others
may
grow
to
more
than
30
centimeters
across.
18.
这种植物也有不同的颜色，from
yellow
to
black
to
green.
19.
Many
Asian
countries
have
been
using
bamboo
for
hundreds
of
years.
They
often
use
bamboo
for
building
new
buildings.
As
a
matter
of
fact,
the
cables
(绳索)
that
hold
up
the
hanging
bridge
across
the
Min
River
in
Sichuan
are
made
of
bamboo.
The
bridge
has
been
in
use
for
more
than
1,000
years,
and
is
still
holding
strong.
In
Africa,
20.
engineers
are
teaching
poor
farmers
how
to
use
bamboo
to
find
water.
These
African
countries
need
cheap
ways
to
find
water
because
they
have
no
money,
and
their
fields
often
die
from
no
rain
and
no
water.
It
seems
that
bamboo
is
one
of
the
best
things
they
can
use.
Bamboo
pipes
and
drills
(钻)
can
help
to
make
the
poor
thirsty
fields
be
watered.
16.
____________________________________________________________
17.
____________________________________________________________
18.
____________________________________________________________
19.
____________________________________________________________
20.
____________________________________________________________
Ⅳ.【语法精炼】
21.—______
you
ever
______
Hong
Kong-Zhuhai-Macao
Bridge?
—Not
yet.
A.
Did;
visit
B.
Are;
visit
C.
Have;
visited
22.—What
great
progress
Huawei
__________
in
recent
years!
—No
wonder
it
is
widely
known
in
all
parts
of
the
world.
A.
is
making
B.
has
made
C.
makes
D.
made
23.
—Why
won’t
we
play
basketball
with
Class
4
this
afternoon?
—
Because
they
_______
Longzhong
for
a
study
trip.
A.
have
gone
to
B.
have
been
to
C.
had
gone
to
D.
had
been
to
24.—Mary,
I
remember
you
________
several
years
ago.
—Yes,
I
________
for
3
years.
A.
married,
have
married
B.
married,
married
C.
married,
have
been
married
D.
have
married,
have
been
married
25.
My
father
______
in
a
panda
protection
center
for
10
years,
so
he
knows
a
lot
about
pandas.
A.
was
working
B.
is
working
C.
has
worked
D.
will
work
26.—How
long
have
you
__________
your
cap?
It
looks
cool.
—About
two
weeks.
A.
borrowed
B.
bought
C.
had
27.
I
ate
some
fruit,
which
I
______
since
I
was
a
child,
and
the
vegetables
from
my
garden.
A.
have
enjoyed
B.
enjoyed
C.
enjoy
D.
had
enjoyed.
参考答案
I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词。
1.
honest
2.
hometown
3.
bedroom
4.
certain
5.
railway
II.用所给单词的适当形式填空。
6.
lose
7.
owner
8.
taking
9.
understanding
10.
truthful
III.
根据汉语意思完成句子
11.
How
long;
had
12.
has
had;
for
13.
bring
back
sweet
memories
14.
give;
away;
in
need
15.
have;
cleared
out;
bedrooms
IV.
语篇翻译
16.
Many
people
call
this
plant
a
tree,
but
it
is
a
kind
of
grass.
17.
有一千多种竹子生长在世界各地的山地和平原上。
18.
This
plant
is
also
in
different
colors.
19.
许多亚洲国家已经使用竹子几百年了。
20.
工程师们教贫穷的农民使用竹子找水。
Ⅳ.【语法精炼】
21.
C
考查现在完成时。句意：——你曾经游览过港珠澳大桥吗？——还没有。根据句中的副词ever以及答语中yet可知，此处应用现在完成时，构成为：have/has+过去分词，故选C。
22.
B考查动词时态。句意：——最近这些年，华为做了这么大的进步！——难怪在世界各地都很闻名。由时间状语in
recent
years可知，时态应用现在完成时，故选B。
23.
A考查动词短语词义辨析和时态。have
gone
to去了；have
been
to去过；had
gone
to去了；had
been
to去过。联系上句“为什么今天下午我们不和四班打篮球呢？”推知下句意为“因为他们去隆中研学了。”根据语境推知该句是现在完成时，而且是去了某地，而非去过某地。故选A。
224.C考查动词的时态及延续性动词的用法。句意：——玛丽，我记得你几年前结婚了。——是的，我已经结婚三年了。对话中第一句的时间状语是“several
years
ago”，因此要用一般过去时；第二句话中“for
3
years”提示此处用现在完成时，并且要用延续性动词been
married。故选C。
25.
C
考查动词时态。句意：我父亲在一个熊猫保护中心工作10年了，所以他对熊猫非常了解。由句意并从for
10
years知，这里用现在完成时态表达从过去持续到现在的动作。故选C。
26.
C
考查延续性动词的用法。句意：——你的帽子买了多久了？它看起来很酷。——（我买了)
大约两周了。borrow是非延续性动词，若要表示延续性动作时需用keep；buy是非延续性动词，若要表示延续时用have；have是延续性动词，可表示“有；拥有”。根据答语中时间About
two
weeks可知应选C。
27.
A
考查现在完成时。“since
I
was
a
child”自从我是一个孩子的时候，与现在完成时连用，故选A。
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