宾从完整版

课前知识预备：
五种基本句型之一：主语+谓语+宾语
Eg: I know him.
I know his sisiter.
He enjoys playing the guitar.
They plays basketball.
I know that Tom will come back next week.
My mother says that he is a clever boy.
宾语从句（The Object Clause）
学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \t "_blank )、语序 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \t "_blank )和时态 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \t "_blank )。
宾语从句的定义
宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以做介词的宾语　　
作动词的宾语:
　　I heard that he would come here later on.
主语 谓语动词 一个句子作宾语
作介词的宾语:
　　He　said　nothing about who broke the window last night.
主语 谓语动词 代词作动词的宾语 介词　一个句子作介词的宾语
三.宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。
判别方法：连接词（who/what作主语除外）与主语之间出现助动词、情态动词、be动词时，该语序一定不是陈述句语序。当连接词为who/what/which+名词作主语时，宾从顺序为：连接代词（主语）+谓语+其他成分。
I don’t know what they are looking for.
Could you tell me when the train will leave
I want to know who took away my umbrella.
练习题
(1) Did you find out ______
A. she was looking for whose child B. whose child was she looking for
C. whose child she is looking for D. whose child she was looking for
(2) Are you interested in _____
A. how did he do it B. he did it how C. how he did it D. he how did it
(3) I don’t know _____. Can you tell me
A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players
C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are
(4) --- What did the scientist say
--- He said he wondered if _____ into space by spaceship one day.
A. he had to fly B. he could fly C. can he fly D. could he fly
(5) Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me ____
A. Where the bank nearest B. where is the nearest bank
C. where the nearest bank is D. the nearest bank is where
（6）She asked Tom ________ with his car
A. what the matter was B. what the matter is
C. what was the matter D. what is the matter
四.宾语从句的时态
时态------取决于主句
主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况可以使用任何时态。
例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.
主句是过去时态，从句须用相应的过去时态。
例句：She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.
当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。
例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.
练习题
(1) It’s 7:30. I can’t believe you___ cooking dinner yet, Sally.
A. haven’t started B. didn’t C. don’t start D. hadn’t started
(2) The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 ____ Christmas Day.
A. is B. was C. has been D. will be
(3) The teacher said that the earth _______round the sun.
A. goes B. go C. went D. will go
(4) We ’d like to tell you that you ______the exam.
A. have passed B. had passed C. pass D. will pass
(5) “Could you tell me______ ” “Yes. They ____ to the library.”
A. where are the twins, have been B. where were the twins, have been
C. where the twins are, have gone D, where the twins were, have gone
(6) Our father said that he ______ a new computer next week.
A. will buy B. have bought C. would buy D. buys
(7) I hear that he ______ to Beijing yesterday.
A. goes B. will go C. went D. have gone
四.宾语从句中引导词（连接词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \t "_blank )）的用法
在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：
连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if
代词：who, whose, what ,which
副词：when ,where, how, why，how often,how far 等。
1.连词that/if/wether引导的宾语从句：　
He told me (that he would) go to the college the next year 他告诉我他明年上大学.
　　I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车.
　　Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没有人知道他是否会通过考试.
that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）
当宾语从句为陈述句时，一般用that引导，that可以省略。
使用that 的条件：从句的句子结构完整、意思完整；主句通常为陈述句；带入连词that后，that在句中不作成分，无词汇意义，可省略。
Eg: She said that she was a teacher.
I believed that he would come back.
He said that he had been there.
可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：
say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。
The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.
Attention：宾语从句的否定转移
当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.
主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he
我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是
I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, won't she/he
We suppose you have finished the project, haven't you
如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词(不包含带有否定前缀的词，如：unhappy，unfair，dislike等),其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.
We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he
我们发现他从不仔细听老师讲课，是不是？
当主句的主语是第二、三人称时，其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。
Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesn't she
　　You thought they could have completed the project, didn't you
　　They don't believe she's an engineer, do they
She doesn't expect that we are coming so soon, does she
练习题
(1)．I don’t think he is right,__________
A．isn’t he B．is he C．do I D．don’t I
(2). He believes she is right, __________
A．doesn’t he B．does he C．is she D．isn’t she
(3).I thought that he disliked playing football,__________
A．didn’t he B．did he C．did I D．didn’t I
(4). I find _____ important that we practice English every day.
A. it B. this C. that D. what
(5). You can’t imagine ____when they received the nice gift.
A. how they were excited B. how excited they were
C. how excited were they D. they were how excited
在以下情况中that不能省略
1、当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。
I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better．
当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。
Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。
I can’t tell him that his mother died.
4、当it作形式宾语时
例句：She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him．
许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。
5、当宾语从句前置时 That our team will win，I believe．
6、当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;
(2)由whether,if 引导的宾语从句
当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。
使用条件：从句的结构和意思均完整；主句要么是问句，句末用问号，要么主句有ask/want to know/didn’t know/wonder等带有疑问意义的词语；带入连词if/wether后，该连词在从句中不作句子成分，有“是否”的意义，该连词不能省略。
eg：I don't know if ／whether he still lives here after so many years．我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。
He wonders whether/if he will succeed.
I am not sure if/wether he will come.
He asked if/wether she would come.
但在下列情况下只能用whether，不能用if：
①在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether（if…or not也可以使用）。如：
Let me know whether ／if he will come or not．（＝Let me know whether or not he will come）让我知道他是否能来。
I don't know whether ／if he does any washing or not．（＝I don't know whether or not he does any washing．）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。
I wonder whether we stay or whether wego．我不知道我们是去还是留。
②在介词之后用whether。如：
I'm interested in whether he likes English．我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。
We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time．我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。
③在不定式前用whether。如：
He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man．他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。
He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train．他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。
④若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：
Please let me know if you like the book．
可理解为：If you like the book，please let me know．你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我
只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句
if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”
The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.
if引导否定概念的宾语从句时
He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.
引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好象）时
He talks as if he has known all about it.
2.连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句
这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。
连接代词：
Who与whom “谁”
Who 通常在句子中作主语、宾语，指人
whom通常在句子中作宾语，指人
eg:Do you know who has won Red Alert game
Do you know whom their teacher is
what “什么”在句中作主语、宾语、表语，指物
eg: The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.
I didn’t know what happened.
Could you tell me what it used to be
which “哪个”其后通常要加名词，作定语
whose “谁的” 其后通常要加名词，作定语
eg: Can you tell me which subject you like best
I know whose pen this is
(2) 连接副词
有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。
He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.
Could you please tell me how you use the new panel
你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗
None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.
练习题
(1) I don’t know ___________or not.
A. whether he is at home B. if he is at home
C. that he is at home D. whether is he at home
(2) This depends on _________ the weather is fine.
A. which B. whether C. if D. that
(3) The teacher asked the new student ________ class he was in.
A. which B. where C. if D. that
(4) I don’t know ________ Mr. Green will come to see us. He’ll help us with our English.
A. why B. when C. how D. where
(5) --- Be careful! Don’t break the bottles. Do you hear ______ I said David
--- Yes, Mum
A. what B. that C. why D. if
(6) --- Do you know _______ Mr Black’s address is
--- He may live at NO.18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street. I’m not sure of ______.
A. where, which B. where, what C. what, which D. what, where
(7) There is not much difference between the two. I really don’t know _____.
A. what should I choose B. which I should choose
C. which should I choose D. what I should choose
　
　【中考范例】
　　1. (2004年北京市中考试题 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \t "_blank ))
　　 Miss Green didn’t tell us _______ in 2002.
　　 A. where does she live B. Where she lives
　　 C. where did she live D. where she lived
　　 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态，所以应选D。
　　2. (2004年上海市徐汇区中考试题)
　　 Would you please tell me ________
　　 A. when did he come home
　　 B. where he would play football
　　 C. if he had seen the film
　　 D. why he didn’t watch the game
　　 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。主句用的实际上是现在时，宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。
　　3. (2004年哈尔滨市中考试题)
　　 I don’t know when __________.
　　 A. will the train leave B. the train will leave
　　 C. would the train leave D. the train leave
　　 【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有B在语序和时态上符合要求。
　　4. (2004年常州市中考试题)
　　 ---We don’t know _____________.
　　 ---It is said that he was born in Sweden.
　　 A. what he is B. if he lives here
　　 C. where he comes from D. which country is he from
　　 【解析】答案: C。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序。按照他们谈论的话题可知：他们说的是某人是哪里人。A和B可以排除掉。D的语序不对，只有C正确。
　　【满分演练】
　　一. 单项填空
　　1. Do you know _______ during the coming summer holiday
　　 A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do
　　 C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did
　　2. I want to know_________.
　　 A. what is his name B. what’s his name
　　 C. that his name is D. what his name is
　　3. Do you know ________ I could pass the exam
　　 A. that B. whether C. what D. which
　　4. Jim doesn’t understand ____________.
　　 A. which is the way to the museum
　　 B. why his wife always goes shopping
　　 C. what is the way to the museum
　　 D. why does she always go shopping
　　5. ---Could you tell me ______ she is looking for
　　 A. that B. whose C. who D. which
　　6. Mr. King didn’t know _______ yesterday evening.
　　 A. when does his son come home
　　 B. when his son comes home
　　 C. when did his son come home
　　 D. when his son came home
　　7. Could you tell me _______ the bike this morning
　　 A. how does he mend B. how he mends
　　 C. how he mended D. how did he mend
　　8. ---I’m waiting for the mail. Do you know ________ it will arrive
　　 ---Usually it comes by 4: 00.
　　 A. how B. where C. when D. what
　　9. ---Excuse me, would you please tell me ________
　　 ---Certainly. Go straight along here. It’s next to a hospital.
　　 A. how we can get to the post office
　　 B. how can we get to the post office
　　 C. how get to the post office
　　 D. how could we get to the post office
　　10. ---Can I help you
　　 ---Yes. I’d like a ticket to Mount Emei. Can you tell me ______ take to get there
　　 A. how soon will it B. how soon it will
　　 C. how long it will D. how long will it
　　11. He wanted to know ___________.
　　 A. whether he speaks at the meeting
　　 B. when the meeting would start
　　 C. what he’s going to do at the meeting
　　 D. where would the meeting be held
　　12. ---Could you tell me _________ the Bamboo Garden
　　 ---The day after tomorrow, I think.
　　 A. when will you visit B. when you will visit
　　 C. when would you visit D. when you would visit
　　13. Would you please tell me _________ next, Mr Wang
　　 A. what should we do B. we should do what
　　 C. what we should do D. should we do what
　　14. You can’t imagine _________ when they received these nice Christmas presents.
　　 A. how they were excited B. how excited they were
　　 C. how excited were they D. they were how excited
　　15. I want to know ________ you will come back at 8:00 tomorrow.
　　 A. that B. when C. where D. whether
　　16. ---Could you tell me ____________
　　 ---Sorry, I don’t know. I was not at the meeting.
　　 A. what does he say at the meeting
　　 B. what did he say at the meeting
　　 C. what he says at the meeting
　　 D. what he said at the meeting
　　17. ---Could you tell me _________ last night
　　 ---Er, I was watching Euro 2004 at home.
　　 A. what you were doing B. what were you doing
　　 C. what you are doing D. what are you doing
　　18. The teacher asked the students __________.
　　 A. if they were interested in dinosaurs
　　 B. when was Albert Einstein born
　　 C. what they will do with the computers
　　 D. how many trees they have planted
　　19. Every morning the patients are asked if ________ their temperature taken.
　　 A. they had had B. have they had
　　 C. they have had D. had they had
　　20. It’s up to you to decide _______ you’ll go there, by air or by road.
　　 A. how B. why C. that D. when
　　二. 根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子
　　1. 李明说他对玩电脑游戏感兴趣。
　　 Li Ming says _______ _______ interested in playing computer games.
　　2. 我认为玛丽不回来了。
　　 I don’t think Mary ______ ______.
　　3. 山姆给我说他准备去上海。
　　 Sam told me that he _______ _______ for Shanghai.
　　4. 请你告诉我去钟楼怎麽走吗？
　　 Could you tell me _______ I can get to the Bell Tower
　　5. 父亲说他买了一台新电脑。
　　 Father said that he ________ ________ a new computer..
　　6. 我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。
　　 I want to know _________ there is a train to Beijing.
　　7. 你知道一个双人间多少钱吗？
　　 Do you know ______ _______ a double room ______
　　8. 请你告诉我我们外出多长时间好吗？
　　 Could you tell me ______ ______ we’re going to be away
　　9. 叔叔说他正在写一本新小说。
　　 Uncle said that he ______ _______ a new novel.
　　10. 杰克说他有重要事情要做。
　　 Jack said he _______ something important to do.
　　【练习答案】
　　一. 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.C 11.B 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.D 16.D 17.A 18.A 19.C 20.A
　　二. 1.he is 2.will come 3.was leaving 4.how 5.had bought 6.if (whether) 7.how much 8.how long 9.was writing 10.had