初中英语语法定语从句课件（81张PPT无素材）

(共81张PPT)
(定语从句)
一个美丽的女孩
a
beautiful
girl
beautiful
（形容词作前置定语）
一个穿白色衣服的女孩
a
girl
in
white
in
white
（介词短语作后置定语）
一个正唱歌的女孩
a
girl
is
singing
who
is
singing
（定语从句，a
girl为先行词）
定语是句子成分之一，可以由单词、短语或从句担当，对名（代）词修饰和限制。名（代）词称为中心词。
形容词作定语一般前置，短语和从句作定语要后置，翻译成“……的”。另外名词、数词、非谓语动词（短语）、介词短语也可以担当定语。
Li
Ming
is
a
boy.
Li
Ming
is
a
good
boy
.
Li
Ming
is
a
good
boy
.
形容词作定语
介词短语作定语
在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
good
with
glasses
who
is
wearing
glasses
句子作定语
先行词
引导词(关系词）
从句
Mary
is
a
girl
who
has
long
hair.
（被修饰的名词或代词）
（跟在先行词后，引导从句的词）
修饰先行词的句子
定语从句分析
结构：先行词+引导词+从句
This
is
the
card
that
I’ve
just
received
先行词
引导词
从句
关系代词
关系副词
who,that
,which
,
whom,
whose
Where,
when,why
定语从句：
由一个句子充当定语
从句的位置：
在名词或代词后
先
行
词：
被定语从句修饰的词
引
导
词：
引导定语从句的词
关系代词
关系副词
引导词的作用:
(1)引导定语从句
(2)在从句中作一成份
(3)代替先行词在从句中的位置
做题一般步骤
步骤二
步骤三
In
which
=
where
步骤一
先行词house，带入句子
This
is
the
house_______
I
live.
关系代词
关系副词
先行词
句中作用
省否
who
人
主语/宾语
关系代词在句中作宾语可以省略
whom
人
宾语
which
物
主语／宾语
that
人／物
主语／宾语
whose
人／物
定语
When
时间
状语
where
地点
状语
why
reason
状语
■
关系代词who,
whom的用法
who和whom均只用于指人，不用于指事或物，其中who在定语从句中用作主语，whom在定语从句中用作宾语。如：
I
met
a
girl
who
knew
your
sister.
我碰到一个认识你姐姐的姑娘。
In
Berlin,
he
first
met
the
woman
whom
he
would
one
day
marry.
在柏林，他第一次遇见那个女人，后来他终于跟她结了婚。
但是，用作宾语的whom如果不是紧跟在介词之后，通常会被省略或用who,
that代之。如：
The
person
to
whom
I
complained
is
the
manager.
我向他投诉的那个人是经理。
The
person
(who,
whom,
that)
I
complained
to
is
the
manager.
我向他投诉的那个人是经理。
关系代词的作用
■
关系代词whose的用法
关系代词whose既可用于指人，也可用于指事或物，它在定语从句中主要用作定语。如：
She
is
the
woman
whose
car
was
stolen.
她就是汽车被盗的
This
is
the
house
whose
windows
were
broken.
这就是窗户被打破了的房子。
Mrs.
Gray,
whose
children
are
in
college,
is
trying
to
get
a
job.
格雷太太的孩子们都在上大学，她想找一份工作。
His
house,
whose
windows
were
all
broken,
was
a
depressing
sight.
他的房子窗户无一完好，一派令人心酸的景象。
关系代词WHICH的用法
which：只用于指事或物，不用于指人，它在定语从句中主要用作主语或宾语。如：
（1）She
was
not
on
the
train
which
arrived
just
now.
她不在刚才到达的那列火车上。
（2）He
never
got
back
the
money
which
he
had
lent
him.他从未收回他曾借给他的那笔钱。
which在引导定语从句，作宾语是可以省略：
Is
this
the
book（
which
）you
are
looking
for？
(look
for寻找)
这是你要找的书吗？
关系代词THAT用法
一、指人的用法
that用于指人，在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。如：
A
driver
that
has
knocked
someone
down
must
stop.
撞人的司机必须停车。
He
is
the
man
that
you
have
been
looking
for.
他就是你要找的那个人。
He
is
not
that
man
that
he
was.
他已不是过去的他了。
二、指物的用法
that用于指物，在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。如：
This
is
the
plane
that
will
fly
to
Tokyo
in
the
afternoon.
这是下午要飞往东京的那架飞机。
She
was
annoyed
by
something
that
I
had
said.
她为我说的某句话而不高兴。
Shengzhen
is
not
the
city
that
it
used
to
be.
深圳现在已不是原来的那个城市了。
the
handsome
the
tall
the
strong
the
clever
the
naughty
boy
The
boy
is
Tom.
The
boy
who
is
handsome
is
Tom.
The
boy
who
is
tall
is
Tom.
The
boy
who
is
strong
is
Tom
The
boy
who
is
clever
is
Tom
The
boy
who
is
naughty
is
Tom.
?
The
boy
is
Tom.
The
boy
is
smiling.
?
The
boy
is
Tom.
The
boy
has
a
round
face.
The
boy
who
is
smiling
is
Tom.
(主语)
The
boy
who
has
a
round
face
is
Tom.
?
The
boy
is
Tom.
He
sits
in
front
of
me.
The
man
who
sits
in
front
of
me
is
Tom.
?
The
woman
got
the
job.
The
woman
can
speak
Russian.
The
woman
who
can
speak
Russian
got
the
job.
?
The
teacher
will
give
us
a
talk.
The
teacher
is
famous.
The
teacher
who
is
famous
will
give
us
a
talk.
?
The
man
is
kind.
Everyone
likes
him.
The
man
(whom)
everyone
likes
is
kind.
(宾语)
?
The
woman
got
the
job.
We
saw
her
on
the
street.
The
woman
(whom)
we
saw
on
the
street
got
the
job.
?
The
teacher
will
give
us
a
talk.
We
met
the
teacher
yesterday.
The
teacher
(whom)
we
met
yesterday
will
give
us
a
talk.
Ex:
He
is
the
teacher.
The
teacher
can
speak
French.
He
is
the
teacher
who
can
speak
French.
?
Do
you
know
the
man?
He
came
to
visit
you
today.
Do
you
know
the
man
who
came
to
visit
you
today?
?
The
lady
stepped
on
his
foot.
He
was
dancing
with
the
lady.
The
lady
(whom)
he
was
dancing
with
stepped
on
his
foot.
?
Do
you
know
the
man?
You
will
visit
him
today.
Do
you
know
the
man
whom
you
will
visit
today?
apple
the
red
the
green
the
small
the
big
The
apple
which
is
red
is
mine.
The
apple
which
is
green
is
yours.
The
apple
which
is
red
is
small
The
apple
which
is
green
is
big.
?
Mrs.
Clark
is
angry
with
the
goat
.
The
goat
is
eating
her
flowers.
Mrs.
Clark
is
angry
with
the
goat
which
is
eating
her
flowers.
?
Can
you
lend
me
the
book?
You
talked
about
it
last
night.
Can
you
lend
me
the
book
(which)
you
talked
about
last
night.
A
plane
is
a
machine.
It
can
fly.
A
plane
is
a
machine
that
can
fly.
He
is
the
man.
I
told
you
about
him.
He
is
the
man
(that)
I
told
you
about.
关系词
注意:
从句中的谓语动词要和先行词保持一致
that
指人或物
which
指物
who
指人
1、当先行词是anything,
everything,
nothing
(something
除外),
few,
all,
none,
little,
some等代词时，或者是由every,
any,
all,
some,
no,
little,
few,
much，each等修饰时
　　
(1)
Have
you
taken
down
everything
(that)
Mr.
Li
has
said?
　　
(2)
There
seems
to
be
nothing
(that)
seems
impossible
for
him
in
the
world.
　　
(3)
All
that
can
be
done
has
been
done.
　　
(4)
There
is
little
(that)
I
can
do
for
you.
　　
注意1：部分时候that可以省略，如部分例句将that用括号括住。
　　注意2：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
　　
(4)
Any
man
that/.who
has
a
sense
of
duty
won’t
do
such
a
thing.
　　
?
that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,
但在下列情况下,
一般用that而不用which。
2、当先行词被序数词修饰
　　
The
first
place
that
they
visited
in
London
was
the
Big
Ben.
3、当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
　　
This
is
the
best
film
that
I
have
seen.
　　
4、当形容词被the
very,
the
only，the
same,the
last
,any,little等修饰时
　　
(1)
This
is
the
very
good
dictionary
that
I
want
to
buy,
　　
(2)
After
the
fire
in
his
house,
the
old
car
is
the
only
thing
that
he
owned.
　　
当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
　　
(3)
Wang
Hua
is
the
only
person
in
our
school
who
will
attend
the
meeting？
　　
5、当先行词前面有who,
which等疑问代词时
　　
(1)
Who
is
the
man
that
is
standing
there?
　　
(2)
Which
is
the
T-shirt
that
fits
me
most?
　　
6、当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时
　　
Can
you
remember
the
scientist
and
his
theory
that
we
have
learned?
　　
7.当关系代词在定语从句中做表语
　　
The
village
is
no
longer
the
one
that
it
used
to
be
10
years
ago.
　
8.当在there
be句型中，通常情况下用that，不用which
who,that
（先行词为人）区别
1.用who不用that的情况：
(1)当先行词为one,ones,anyone,those时。
(2)当先行词为人称代词时。
He
who
does
not
reach
the
Great
Wall
is
not
a
true
man.
Those
who
have
any
difficulty
with
pronunciation
should
practise
2.只能用which
的情况:
1.介词前置时关系代词只能用which(先行词为物)
2.
引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用which
(1)
She
failed
the
exam,
which
made
her
parents
vary
angry.
(2)My
glasses,without
which
I
was
like
a
blind
man,fell
to
the
ground
and
broke.
Read
the
text
again
and
find
the
Attributive
Clauses:
My
necklace
is
not
the
only
thing
that’s
missing.
2.
This
is
the
cage
that
Polly
lives
in.
3.
We
are
looking
for
a
thief
who
likes
stealing
parrots
and
necklace.
6.
I’ll
shoot
anyone
who
moves!
4.
When
was
the
last
time
(that
)
you
saw
the
parrot?
5.
It
was
about
some
thieves
who
robbed
a
train…
7.
I’ll
shoot
anyone
who
moves,
anyone
who
moves!
8.
Is
that
the
parrot
which
you
are
looking
for?
9.
And
is
this
the
necklace
that
was
stolen?
10.
Polly
was
the
thief
who
stole
Mum’s
necklace!
1.This
is
all____I
know
about
the
matter.
A.that
B.what
C.who
D.whether
2Is
there
anything
else_____you
require?
A.which
B.that
C.who
D.what
3.The
last
place
_____we
visited
was
the
Great
Wall.
A.which
B.that
C.where
D.it
4.He
talked
happily
about
the
men
and
books_____
interested
him
greatly
in
the
school.
A.which
B.that
C.it
D.whom
5.There
is
no
dictionary____you
can
find
everything.
A.that
B.which
C.where
D.in
that
6.This
is
one
of
the
best
books_______.
A.that
have
ever
been
writtenC.that
has
written
B.that
has
ever
been
written
D.that
have
written
A
B
B
B
C
A
7.He
wrote
a
letter
to
me,telling
me
everything__
_
__
he
saw
on
the
way
to
the
Paris.
A.what
B.that
C.which
D.where
8.Is
oxygen
the
only
gas_____helps
fire
burn?
A.that
B./
C.which
D.it
9.Is
there
anything_____to
you?
A.that
is
belonged
B.that
belongs
C.which
belongs
D.that
belong
10.The
scientist
and
his
achievements______you
told
me
about
are
admired
by
us
all.
A.which
B.that
C.who
D.whose
11.Which
of
the
books______were
borrowed
from
him
is
the
best?
A.which
B.what
C.that
D.whose
B
A
B
B
C
12.The
terrible
typhoon
killed
the
people
and
cattle
_______
were
in
the
fields.
13.The
wind
blew
down
the
tallest
tree
____
is
in
front
of
our
school
gate.
14.This
is
the
very
thing
______
I
was
looking
for.
15.This
is
the
second
novel
_____I
have
ever
read.
16.There
is
nothing
in
the
world
_______
can
frighten
me.
17.Who
is
the
man
_______
is
reading
under
the
tree?
18.My
hometown
is
not
the
same
one
_______
it
used
to
be
twenty
years
ago.
that
that
that
that
that
that
that
whose
在定语从句中作定语,表示引导词与
whose
后的名词为所属关系。
whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与
of
which互换使用。
This
is
the
book
whose
cover
is
blue.
This
is
the
book
of
which
the
cover
is
blue
This
is
the
book
the
cover
of
which
is
blue
Do
you
know
the
girl?
Her
hair
is
very
short
in
our
class
Do
you
know
the
girl
whose
hair
is
the
hair
of
whom
very
short
in
our
class?
He
is
the
student.
I
broke
his
pencil
yesterday
He
is
the
student
whose
pencil
the
pencil
of
whom
I
broke
yesterday.
Mr
King
was
quickly
taken
to
hospital.
Her
legs
were
badly
hurt.
Mr
King,
whose
legs
were
badly
hurt,
was
quickly
taken
to
hospital.
We
shall
make
a
decision
about
Ms
King.
I
have
told
you
her
story.
We
shall
make
a
decision
about
Ms
King,
whose
story
I
have
told
you.
.
The
chair
is
being
repaired
now.
The
legs
of
the
chair
are
broken.
The
chair,whose
legs
are
broken
the
legs
of
which
are
broken,
of
which
the
legs
are
broken
is
being
repaired
now.
The
boss
of
the
company
told
the
story
about…
.
His
name
was
Mr
Little.
The
boss
of
the
company,
whose
name
was
Mr
Little,
told
the
story
about
Ms
King
This
teacher
is
liked
by
all
the
students.
I
work
with
her
son.
This
teacher,with
whose
son
I
work,
is
liked
by
all
the
students
The
boss
had
heard
about
the
accident.
Mr
King
worked
in
his
department.
The
boss
in
whose
department
Mr
King
worked
had
heard
about
the
accident.
1?
The
river
___are
covered
with
trees
is
very
long.
A
which
banks
B
of
which
banks
C
whose
the
banks
D
the
banks
of
which
2??
she
likes
to
use
words
___is
clear
to
him.
A
of
which
the
meaning
B
of
which
meaning
C
whose
of
meaning
D
meaning
of
which
3
The
manager___company
they
worked
agreed
____their
decision.
A
which,
with
B
in
which,
to
C
whose,
with
D
in
whose,
with
4
Look!
The
dictionary
,____is
red,
is
a
birthday
gift
given
by
my
parents.
A
which
cover
B
the
cover
of
which
C
the
whose
cover
D
that
the
cover
5
Mr.
Brown,____,
works
as
the
manager
of
the
company.
A
we
got
here
in
his
car
B
we
got
here
by
car
C
in
whose
car
we
got
here
D
by
whose
car
we
got
here
D
A
D
B
C
6
Will
you
please
show
me
the
girl
____name
is
Linda?
A
who
B
whom
C
whose
D
which
7
It
was
a
meeting
,____importance
I
did
not
realize
at
the
time.
A
which
B
of
which
C
its
D
whose
8
Do
you
know
who
is
living
in
that
house
____windows
face
south?
A
whose
B
which
C
which
of
D
its
9
what
about
the
watch
price
is
100
yuan？
A
that
B
its
C
which
D
whose
10
We
telephoned
the
man
home
we
lived
in
1996.
A
whose
B
in
whose
C
of
which
D
his
11
Mark
Twins
,
for
_____life
had
once
been
very
hard,
wrote
many
famous
novels.
A
whose
B
who
C
whom
D
his
12
There
is
a
mountain
____is
always
covered
with
snow.
A
whose
the
top
B
of
which
top
C
its
top
D
of
which
the
top
C
D
A
D
B
C
D
As
也可以用来引导定语从句.
当先行词与as,so,such,the
same
连用或先行词本身是such,the
same时,关系代词用as.
As在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
1.He
is
not
such
a
man
as
only
thinks
of
himself.
2.I
should
like
to
use
the
same
pen
as
I
used
yesterday.
3.Such
problems
as
are
often
mentioned
should
be
solved.
4.I
will
read
as
many
books
as
are
required.
5.
Here
is
so
big
a
stone
as
no
one
can
lift.
　关系副词
　关系副词：在句中作状语
　　
关系副词=介词+关系代词
　why=for
which
　　where=in/
at/
on/
...
which
(介词同先行词搭配)
　　when=during/
on/
in/
...
which
(介词同先行词搭配)
when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用
　
(1)
I
still
remember
the
day
when
I
first
came
to
the
school.
　　
(2)
The
time
when
we
got
together
finally
came.
where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语
　
(1)
Shanghai
is
the
city
where
I
was
born.
　　
(2)
The
house
where
I
lived
ten
years
ago
has
been
pulled
down.
why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语
　　
(1)
Please
tell
me
the
reason
why
you
missed
the
plane.
　　
(2)
I
don’t
know
the
reason
why
he
looks
unhappy
today.
　　
注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
　　
(1)
The
reason
why/
for
which
he
refused
the
invitation
is
not
clear,
　　
(2)
From
the
year
when/in
which
he
was
going
to
school
he
began
to
know
what
he
wanted
when
he
grew
up.
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
指代对象
先行词
关系副词及相应结构
时间
day\year\date\time
when\during
which
time
地点
the
place\the
city\地点
where\in
which\from
which
原因
the
reason
why\that\for
which
when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。
I’ll
never
forget
the
day
when
I
joined
the
league
on
which
where在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。
This
is
the
house
where
I
lived
two
years
ago.
in
which
why在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词for+
关系代词（which）”。
Do
you
know
the
reason
why
she
was
late.
It
rained
heavily,
for
which
he
was
late
for
the
class.
1.
This
is
the
town
__________
I
was
born.
This
is
the
town
_________
I
visited
last
week.
2.
I
will
never
forget
the
day
_______
I
came
to
school.
I
will
never
forget
the
day
_______
I
spent
with
you.
3.
This
is
the
reason
________
he
was
late.
This
is
the
reason
________
he
told
me.
The
reason
_________he
explained
is
not
true.
where
which
when
which
why
which
which
“介词＋关系代词(whom/which)”引导定语从句应注意：
1介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素
A.与先行词的搭配关系
1）I
will
never
forget
the
day
_____________
I
joined
the
army.
2)
I
will
never
forget
the
days
____________
I
worked
in
the
school.
3)
I
will
never
forget
the
year
____________
my
son
went
to
college.
4)
I
got
home
at
7:00
p.m.
yesterday,
____________
most
people
had
had
supper.
on
which
during
which
in
which
by
which
B.
与谓语动词的搭配习惯
1）Have
you
found
the
book
____________
I
paid
29
US
dollars?
2)
Have
you
found
the
book
_____________
I
spent
29
US
dollars?
3)
Have
you
found
the
book
_____________
we
learnt
a
lot?
4)
Have
you
found
the
book
____________
she
often
talks?
for
which
on
which
from
which
about
which
?
The
boy
is
in
the
lab.
You
want
to
talk
to
him
The
boy
(whom/that)
you
want
to
talk
to
is
in
the
lab.
The
boy
to
whom
you
want
to
talk
is
in
the
lab.
?
This
is
the
boy.
I
sit
behind
him.
This
is
the
boy
(whom/that)
I
sit
behind.
This
is
the
boy
behind
whom
I
sit.
Do
you
find
the
pen?
I
wrote
with
it
just
now
Do
you
find
the
pen
(which/that)
I
wrote
with
just
now?
Do
you
find
the
pen
with
which
I
wrote
just
now?
关系代词作介词宾语的几种结构：
1.介词
+
whom\which
The
woman
general
still
remember
the
day
on
which
she
joined
the
army
2.介词
短语
+
which\whom
The
fisherman
lived
in
a
small
house
in
front
of
which
lies
a
well.
3.
不定代词
或数词
+which\whom
There
are
many
books
here
,
none
of
which
belongs
to
me.
China
has
a
lot
of
famous
writers,
one
of
whom
is
Luxun.
4.名词+
of
which
She
mentioned
a
magazine,the
title
of
which
I
have
forgotten.
part
of
whom/which
There
are
23
students
in
our
class,
A:________________(他们都）
love
mothers
deeply.
B:________________
（大多数）
are
from
countryside.
C:________________
（有些）are
from
Xiabancheng
D:________________（没有一个）are
from
Beijing
all
of
whom
most
of
whom
some
of
whom
none
of
whom
There
are
23
students
in
our
class.
(,and)
A:________________
(他们都）
love
mothers
deeply.
B:________________
（大多数）
are
from
countryside.
C:________________
（有些）
are
from
Xiabancheng
D:________________
（没有一个）
are
from
Beijing
all
of
them
most
of
them
some
of
them
none
of
them
Every
student
has
many
books,
A:______________（大多数）are
textbooks.
B:________________
（一些）
are
extra
curricular
books.
C:______________
（其余的）are
reference
books.
D:________________（没有一本）are
novels.
E:_______________（有几本）are
English
books.
most
of
which
some
of
which
the
rest
of
which
none
of
which
several
of
which
1.Do
you
know
who
lives
in
the：
building______there
is
a
well?
A.in
front
of
it
B.
in
front
of
whose
C.in
front
of
which
D.in
front
which
2.I’ll
never
forget
the
day____I
joined
theLeague.
A.on
which
B.in
which
C.which
D.at
which
3.The
woman__my
brother
spoke
just
now
is
my
teacher.
A.
who
B.to
whom
C.to
who
D
whom
4.Jeanne
was
her
old
friend,____she
borrowed
a
necklace.
A.from
who
B.from
whom
C.to
that
D.to
whom
5.His
glasses,______he
was
like
a
blind
man,fell
to
the
ground
and
broke
its
leg.
A.which
B.with
which
C.without
which
D.that
C
A
B
B
C
做做试试
6.she
is
a
teacher
of
much
knowledge,_____much
can
be
learned.
A.who
B.that
C.
from
which
D.from
whom
7.He
built
a
telescope_____he
could
study
the
skies.
A.in
which
B.with
that
C.through
which
D.by
it
8.Do
you
know
the
reason____he
was
late?
A.that
B.which
C.for
what
D.for
which
9.I
have
bought
two
ballpens,____writes
well.
A.none
of
which
B.neither
of
which
C.none
of
them
D.neither
of
them
10.The
Second
World
War_____millions
of
people
were
killed
in
1945.
A.during
which
B.in
that
C.where
D.on
which
D
C
D
B
A
11.China
has
many
rivers,____the
Changjiang
River
is
the
longest.
A.which
B.
in
which
C.among
which
D.
one
of
which
12.This
is
the
very
knife_____I
used
to
cut
apples
yesterday.
A.that
B.by
which
C.which
D.with
which
13.The
speed____which
you
drive
your
car
mustn’t
too
high.
14.In
the
park
there
are
many
flowers,the
colour_____
which
is
bright
and
nice.
15.The
little
girl
is
reading
a
book,_____which
there
are
many
pictures.
16.What
were
the
things_______which
he
was
not
too
sure
C
D
at
of
in
of
17.They
held
a
meeting,____which
the
hospital
director
made
a
speech.
18.The
book,_____which
he
paid
6
yuan,is
worth
reading.
19.Is
this
the
man____whose
house
the
police
found
the
lost
coloured
TV?
20.The
villagers
dug
along
tunnel______which
they
could
go
to
the
fields
without
being
found
by
the
Japanese
soldiers.
21.Wu
Dong,_____whom
I
went
to
the
concert,
enjoyed
it
very
much.
22.The
stories
about
Long
March,_____which
this
is
one
example,are
well
written.
at
for
in
through
with
of
1.He
paid
the
boy
$
10
for
washing
ten
windows,most
of
_________had
not
been
cleaned
for
at
least
one
year.
2.In
the
dark
street,
there
was
not
a
single
person
_____
______she
could
turn
for
help.
3.China
has
a
lot
of
islands
,the
largest_____
_________is
Taiwan.
4.The
old
lady
had
one
son
and
two
daughters,_________
________
_______treated
her
well,
______made
her
very
sad.
5.There
are
forty
students
in
our
class,______
_______20
are
girls;
the
rest
are
boys.
which
To
whom
of
which
none
of
which
which
of
whom
Exercise
1
:用关系代词填空
The
boy
____________
is
playing
ping-pong
is
my
classmate.
The
e-mail
___________
I
received
yesterday
was
from
my
sister.
I
hate
people
______________
talk
much
but
do
little.
The
car
_____________
my
father
bought
last
month
is
very
beautiful.
who
/
that
which/
that
who
/
that
which
/
that
5.
The
man
______
hair
is
white
is
his
grandfather.
6.
Is
there
a
student
_________
father
is
a
business
man?
7.
This
is
the
house
in
________
we
have
lived
for
10
years.
8.I’ve
never
heard
of
the
people
and
things
________
you
talked
about
just
now.
whose
whose
which
that
当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.
Exercise
2.
My
father
and
his
teacher
talked
a
lot
about
the
persons
and
things
______
they
couldn’t
remember.
Say
all
________
you
know.
Is
there
anything
______
I
can
do
for
you?
that
that
that
当先行词是something,
anything,
nothing,
all
等词时，关系代词只能用that.
4.This
is
the
first
play
________
I
have
seen
since
I
came
here.
5.
This
is
the
best
novel
_______
I
have
read.
that
that
当先行词被序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.
6.Who
is
the
girl
_______is
standing
under
the
tree?
7.
Which
is
the
machine
____
we
used
last
Sunday.
当主句是who或which
引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.
that
that
Jack
saw
a
bicycle
advertisement
in
a
newspaper.
The
price
was
68
dollars.
So
he
went
to
the
shop
and
asked
to
see
the
bicycle.
The
salesman
was
happy
to
show
him
.
Jack
checked
the
bicycle
carefully.
Soon,he
said
,
“There
isn’t
a
lamp
on
this
bicycle
,but
there
was
one
on
the
bicycle
in
the
ad.”
“Yes
,sir,”
answered
the
man
,
“but
the
lamp
isn’t
included
in
the
price
of
the
bicycle.
“Not
included
in
the
price
of
the
bicycle
?”
Jack
said
angrily,
“but
the
lamp
was
in
the
ad.It
should
be
in
the
price.”
“Well
,sir
,”
answer
the
shop
owner
coldly,
“there
was
also
a
girl
on
the
bicycle
in
the
ad
,but
we
can’t
give
you
a
girl
with
the
bicycle,either.”
It
is
an
ad
________
Jack
is
a
person____________
The
bicycle
in
the
ad
is
the
one
_________________
Match
the
two
sentences
1.I’m
reading
a
book.
The
book
is
about
Bill
Gates.
_______________________________________
2.He
is
a
teacher.
The
teacher
teaches
us
Chinese.
_______________________________________
3.I
don’t
like
the
man.
He
is
smoking.
____________________________________
4.Where
is
the
picture?
You
bought
it
last
week.
_______________________________________
I’m
reading
a
book
that/which
is
about
Bill
Gates.
He
is
a
teacher
who/
that
teaches
us
Chinese.
I
don’t
like
the
man
who
is
smoking.
Where
is
the
picture
that
you
bought
last
week?
The
house
that
they
built
it
in
1987
stayed
up
in
the
earthquake.
I
will
never
forget
the
poor
boy
who
have
no
arms.
We
have
done
everything
which
can
be
done
.
He
is
the
only
man
who
I
know
in
the
city
.
I
have
been
to
the
park
which
there
are
a
lot
of
flowers
.
The
park
where
the
old
people
usually
go
to
is
called
Zhongshan
park
.
Jim
asked
that
who
won
.
Look
!
The
tree
where
Jack
is
climbing
is
quite
tall
.
改错
（在学习定语从句时常会出现以下的错句）
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：
The
man
who
came
here
yesterday
has
come
again.
限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，
如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，
写时不用逗号分开。
非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，
如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，
写时往往逗号分开。
1.His
mother
,whom
he
loved
dearly,went
abroad.
2.This
machine
,which
he
has
looked
after
for
many
years
,is
still
working
perfectly.
3.Aqiao,whose
parents
had
died
,had
to
make
a
living
by
herself.
4.The
family
,who
lived
upstairs,are
fond
of
music.
说明：非限制性定语不能用that
引导；
作宾语用的关系代词不能省；
要用逗号隔开。
用法与区别
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
“限”是先行词不可缺少的定语.如果省去，主句意思不完整或不明确；“非限”只是附加说明。
All
the
people
were
talking
about
the
wonderful
cloth
The
emperor
had
ordered
to
be
woven
They
set
up
a
state
of
their
own,where
they
would
be
free
to
keep
Negroes
as
slaves.
“限”于主句之间不能用逗号隔开；“非限”与主句之间要用逗号隔开。
She
is
the
nurse
who
looks
after
the
children.
The
letter
is
from
my
sister,who
is
working
in
Beijing.
“限”可以用that引导；“非限”不能用that引导
That
is
the
very
tool
that
we
are
looking
for
I
saw
a
good
film,
which
was
about
the
Long
March
“限”的关联词作宾语时可省；非限则不可
I
will
never
forget
the
day
（that
）we
spent
together
there
His
dog,which
he
liked
very
much,
died
yesterday.
“限”一般只修饰先行词；非限既可修饰先行词，也可是前面的整个句子或句子的一部分
I
have
finished
the
novel
that
you
lent
me
yesterday
He
suddenly
fell
ill,
which
prevented
him
from
going
to
school.
As
和which
引导非限制性定语从句的区别：
Which引导的从句与主句关系较密切，常放在主句之后；而as引导从句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。
Which既可代指先行词，又可代指整个主句的内容。相当于“and
this”
or
“
and
that”.
译为“这一点”。
　　而as
则只能代指整个主句的内容。译为“正如…..那样”，且已形成固定结构。　如：as
is
known,
as
is
said,
as
is
reported,
as
is
often
the
case,
as
is
expected.
Etc.
eg.
Einstein,
as
is
known,
is
a
famous
scientist.
As
is
reported,
China
has
become
an
important
country
in
the
world.
He
didn’t
come
to
attend
the
meeting,
as
is
expected.
Bamboo
is
hollow,
which
makes
it
very
light.
My
son
now
goes
to
the
school,
which
I
used
go
to
when
I
was
a
child.
1.______was
natural,he
married
Jenny.
A.Which
B.That
C.This
D.As
2.Such
signs_____we
use
in
the
experiment______
Greek
letters.
A.as
,are
B.as,is
C.that,are
D.that,is
3.I
passed
him
a
large
glass
of
whisky,_____
he
drank
immediately
.
A.that
B.as
C.which
D.who
4.She
is
very
good
at
dance,____everybody
knows.
A.that
B.which
C.who
D.as
5.It
was
raining,_____was
a
pity.
A.what
B.that
C.the
which
D.which
6.______has
been
said
above,grammar
is
a
set
of
dead
rules.
A.Which
B.What
C.That
D.As
7.We
do
the
same
work_____they
do.
A.which
B.as
C.than
D.like
8.The
earth
is
round,_____we
all
know.
A.that
B.which
C.who
D.
as
D
A
C
D
D
D
B
D
定语从句和其它句型的转换
1.定语从句和非谓语动词：
从句是主动形式，用现在分词;
从句是被动形式，用过去分词。或者看定语和被修饰词之间的关系，如果定语和被修饰
词之间是主谓关系，用现在分词；如果定语和被修饰
词之间是动宾关系，用过去分词；
(1)There
are
lots
of
good
English
programmes
which
are
broadcast
on
TV
or
the
radio
in
China.
There
are
lots
of
good
English
programmes
________
on
TV
or
the
radio
in
China.
(2)At
one
time
there
were
long
queues
of
people
who
were
waiting
outside
the
CAAC
offices.
------At
one
time
there
were
long
queues
of
people
________
outside
the
CAAC
offices.
broadcast
waiting
2.定语从句和并列句
是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的一个关键
1.
I
saw
some
trees,
and
the
leaves
of
the
trees
were
black
with
disease.
-----I
saw
some
trees,
the
leaves
of
________were
black
with
disease.
2.
The
professor
is
an
ordinary-looking
little
man,
on
the
nose
of
__________there
is
a
pair
of
glasses
3.The
World
Trade
Organization
(WTO)
finally
opened
its
door
to
China
on
November
10,_____
a
15-year
wait.
A.
to
end
B.
ended
C.
ending
D.
ends
which
whom
C
A
whom?B．them??C．they??D．who??
1）Mr?Smith?has?three?sons，none?of?＿＿is
a
computerexpert．??
2He
has
three?sisters，＿＿＿＿＿?are?doctors．??
3）She?has?three?CDs，but?none?of＿＿＿＿is
interesting．??
4）I?have?many?friends，and?all?of＿＿＿＿＿are
niceandfriendly．??
5）Miss?Yang?has?some?relatives?here；＿＿＿like?her?very?much
6)
He
has
two
sons,
neither
of
looks
like
him.
7)
He
has
two
sons,
and
neither
of
looks
like
him.
8)
He
has
two
sons.
Both
of
____look
like
him.
A
D
B
B
C
A
B
B
3.定语从句和状语从句
（1）句从引导词来看，状语从句中的that
是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分，而定语从句中的as在从句中要作一个成分（主语，宾语或表语）。
(1)This
is
such
a
big
stone
_______no
one
can
lift
it.
This
is
such
a
big
stone
_______no
one
can
lift.
(2)Please
put
the
letter
in
the
drawer
_____
______he
can
easily
find
it.
Please
put
the
letter_________he
can
easily
find
it.
that
as
where
where
1
You
may
stay
_________you
like.
2
We
put
the
corn
___
the
birds
could
find
it
easily.
3
I’d
like
you
to
take
my
picture
___stands
the
ancient
tower
4
Bamboo
grows
well___
it
is
warmer
and
wet
all
the
year
round.
A
in
the
place
B
in
the
place
where
C
the
place
where
D
in
which
5
I’ve
never
been
to___
my
grandfather
was
born.
A
which
B
in
which
C
where
D
that
where
where
where
B
C
4.定语从句和名词性从句
(1)
He
did
all
(that)
he
could
to
help
me
.(=what)
(2)
All
that
can
be
done
has
been
done.
(=what)
(3)
_______is
known
to
us
all,
the
earth
turns
round
the
sun.
It
is
known
to
us
all
_______Taiwan
belongs
to
China.
(4)______
is
known
to
us
all
is
that
the
earth
is
smaller
than
the
sun.
As
that
What
定语从句和强调句
强调句句型：It
is/was
+被强调的成份+that/who
+其它部分去掉
It
is/was….that/who…
,句子照样成立。(1)
I
lived
in
this
room
last
year.
(2)
He
went
to
school
at
seven
this
morning.而定语从句的引导词在句中要作一成份。
(1)
It
is
in
this
room
______I
lived
last
year.
It
is
the
room
_______I
lived
last
year.
(2)
It
was
at
seven
o’clock
________he
went
to
school
this
morning.
It
was
seven
o’clock
_______he
went
to
school
this
morning.
that
where
that
when
看谁区别的准！！
1A.Is
this
the
factory_____you
visited
last
year?
B.Is
this
factory____you
visited
last
year?
a.that
b.where
c.in
which
d.the
one
2.A.Mr
Smith
is
one
of
those
foreigners
who____
working
in
China.
B.Mr
Smith
is
the
only
one
of
those
foreigners
who____working
in
China.
a.is
b.has
c.have
d.are
3.A.Don’t
discuss
questions
such_____those.
B.Let’s
discuss
only
the
questions______
we
are
interested
in.
a.which
b.that
c.as
d.about
which
4.A.
All____I
need
is
a
good
rest.
B.
____I
need
is
a
good
rest.
a.What
B
All
what
c.That
d.Which
A
D
D
A
C
B
C
A
5.A.Pisa
is
a
city,
___
has
a
leaning
tower.
B.Pisa
is
a
city,____there
is
a
leaning
tower.
a.which
b.that
c.where
d.there
6.A.This
is
the
place____we
visited
last
year.
B.This
the
place____we
worked
last
year.
a.which
b.where
c.
in
that
d.there
7.A.The
news_
__he
told
us
was
very
exciting.
B.He
has
brought
us
the
news____our
team
has
won
the
game.
a.what
b.as
c.that
d.where
8.It
is
in
a
box____I
have
hidden
my
money.
We’ll
go___we
are
needed.
a.that
b.in
which
c.where
d.in
it
a
c
a
b
c
c
a
c
猜猜看,下面的句子明白了吗?
1.不懂装懂，一事无成.
He
who
knows
nothing
but
pretends
to
know
everything
,
is
indeed
a
good-for
–nothing.
2.甘当小绵羊，迟早要喂狼.
He
that
makes
himself
a
sheep
shall
be
eaten
by
the
wolf.
3.万事开头难
It’s
the
first
step
that
costs.
4.千里之行，始于足下。
He
who
would
climb
that
ladder
must
begin
at
the
bottom.
5.自满的人腹中空.
He
who
is
full
of
himself
is
very
empty.
6.闪光的未必都是金子
Not
all
that
glitters
is
gold.