湖北省2020年八年级下学期宾语从句总结讲解课件（共50张PPT）

(共50张PPT)
什么是宾语
I
like
my
teacher.（名词作宾语)
I
enjoy
playing
basketball.(动名词作宾语）
I
decide
to
study
hard.（不定式作宾语）
I
know
him
.（代词作宾语）
宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。
宾语由名词、代词、不定式
或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。
我们
知道
姚明
We
know
Yao
Ming．
我们
知道
他是一个著名的篮球运动员
We
know
宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语，并有一个连接词引导。
一
什么是宾语从句？
宾o
宾o
主s
谓v
he
is
a
famous
basketball
player
that
连接词
我们
知道
他是一个著名的篮球运动员
谓v
主s
宾语从句三要点
一、语序
二、引导词
三、时态
有哪些句子可以做宾语？
1.陈述句
He
is
a
famous
basketball
player.
2.一般疑问句
Will
our
teachers
attend
the
meeting
？
3.特殊疑问句
which
coat
did
you
prefer?
My
name
is…
My
favorite
sport
is…
I
am…
I
speak/have/like…
I
can
play…
Are
you…?
Can
you
play…?
Do
you
do…?
Where
are
you…?
What
can
you
do…?
How
do
you
do…?
陈
述
句
------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------
一般
疑问
句
特殊
疑问
句
结构比较
陈述句
一般
疑问
句
特殊
疑问
句
_____+
____
+
…
____
结构比较
be
情态动词
助动词
主语
谓语
____
+
____
+
…____
.
主语
?
_____
+_______+
…____
特殊
疑问词
一般
疑问句
?
?
____
+
______
+
…_____
主语
?
_______
+_______
+
…____
主语
结论:陈述句和疑问句最本质的区别是陈述句中的be动词,
情态动词
,助动词在主语后,而在疑问句中,它们则在主语前
句子的两种语序:
1.陈述句结构叫陈述语序
宾语从句必须用陈述句语序
2
疑问句结构叫疑问语序
将下列句子改成陈述句语序：
1.Is
there
a
bank
near
here?
2.Is
it
on
Fifth
Avenue?
3.Are
they
doing
homework?
There
is
a
bank
near
here.
It
is
on
Fifth
Avenue.
They
are
doing
homework.
4.Does
she
work
in
a
hospital?
5.Did
you
go
to
Center
Park?
6.Do
we
have
to
wear
a
uniform?
She
works
in
a
hospital
.
I
went
to
Center
Park
.
We
have
to
wear
a
uniform.
They
can
wear
hats
in
school
.
7.Can
they
wear
hats
in
school?
8.Where’s
your
pen
pal
from?
9.Where
does
he
live?
10.What
language
does
she
speak?
11.Why
do
you
like
pandas?
Where
your
pen
pal
is
from
Where
he
lives
What
language
she
speaks
Why
you
like
pandas?
1.
由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：
He
said
(that)
he
wanted
to
stay
at
home.
She
doesn’t
know
(that)
she
is
seriously
ill.
I
am
sure
(that)
he
will
succeed.
??
?
宾语从句的类型
练一练
1.This
is
a
book.
2.You
like
singing.
3.He
worked
last
night.
4.They
will
go
home.
5.Jim
has
been
to
Beijing.
6.She
sings
well.
用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:
1.
I
know
…
2.
She
says
…
3.
Tell
your
friend
…
（that）
一般疑问句做宾语
我问他是否想去游泳
1,
改为陈述句语气，
2，用if/whether连接
I
ask
Does
he
want
to
go
swim?
he
wants
to
go
swim
If/whether
I
ask
2.
由if或whether引导的宾语从句。
If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。
例如：
I
want
to
know
if
(whether)
he
lives
there.
He
asked
me
whether
(if)
I
could
help
him.
练一练
1.Is
he
reading
?
2.Do
you
get
up
at
six?
3.Does
Tom
work
hard?
4.Did
you
watch
TV
?
5.Will
they
read
books
?
6.Can
you
sing
?
用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:
1.Do
you
know
…
2.I
want
to
know
…
3.The
teacher
asks
…
if/whether
特殊疑问句做宾语
用疑问引导，改为陈述语气。
我想知道你最喜欢哪一条领带？
Which
tie
do
you
like
best
特殊疑问句变成
陈述语序
连接词就是疑问词本身
I
wonder
I
wonder
ATTENTION
which
tie
you
like
best?
3.
由连接代词who,
whom,
whose,
what,
which和连接副词when,
where,
why,
how引导的宾语从句。
这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。
例如：
Do
you
know
who
(whom)
they
are
waiting
for?
He
asked
whose
handwriting
was
the
best.
Can
you
tell
me
where
the
No.3
bus
stop
is?
I
don’t
know
why
the
train
is
late.
练一练
What
is
this
?
What
are
you
doing
?
Where
do
you
live
?
When
does
he
get
up
?
How
did
you
go
to
work?
Who
will
you
play
with?
用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语句:
1.Do
you
know
…
2.I
want
to
know
…
3.
Can
you
tell
me
…
4.
The
man
asked
…
????
1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。
?????
e.g
?????
I
hear
(
that
)
Tom
has
been
to
Guilin
twice
.
?????
I
hear
(
that
)
she
will
come
tomorrow
.
?????
I
hear
(
that
)
Jim
went
to
work
an
hour
ago
.
?????
I
hear
(
that
)
he
is
interested
in
English
.
宾语从句的时态的变化
四.宾语从句中时态的变化
填一填
was
is
will
cook
is
singing
has
been
was
playing
had
learned
1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。
（需要性原则）
2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。
?????
e.g
?????
He
said
(
that
)
he
would
go
to
Xi’an
.
?????
He
said
(
that
)
he
was
ill
yesterday
.
?????
He
said
(
that
)
he
was
reading
a
book
.
?????
He
said
(
that
)
he
had
had
supper
already
.
3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。
?????
e.g?
?????
He
said
that
the
sun
is
much
bigger
than
the
moon
.
?????
The
teacher
told
the
students
that
no
news
is
good
news
.
?????
The
PE
teacher
said
that
doing
morning
exercise
is
useful
to
our
health
.
2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）
1)
He
will
go
to
Hong
Kong
.
2)
He
is
sick.
3)
He
is
reading
a
book
.
4)
He
has
finished
his
work.
1)
He
to
Hong
Kong
.
2)
He
sick.
3)
He
a
book
.
4)
He
辨一辨
would
go
was
was
reading
his
work.
had
finished
确定从句的时态(根据主句时态)
主句时态
从
句
时
态
连
接
前
连
接
后
一般现在时
时态保持不变
一般过去时
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般过去时
过去完成时
一般将来时
过去将来时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
宾语从句三要素
that（陈述句
）
if／whether（一般疑问句
）
特殊疑问词（特殊疑问句)
主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态
语序
宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序
客观真理
自然现象
公式定理
名言警句
时态不变
七.本课小结
Ⅰ.Find
out
the
mistakes
and
correct
them.
1
Could
you
tell
me
where
do
they
live?
2
She
knew
that
Danny
is
a
student.
3
He
told
me
that
winter
was
colder
than
autumn.
4
Do
you
know
who
car
it
is?
找错误
was
is
whose
II.改错：
1.Miss
Zhang
asked
me
why
was
I
late
for
school.
__________________________________________
Miss
Zhang
asked
me
why
I
was
late
for
school.
2.Father
told
me
the
sun
always
rose
in
the
east.
__________________________________________
Father
told
me
the
sun
always
rises
in
the
east.
3.He
doesn’t
know
that
when
she
can
come
back.
__________________________________________
He
doesn’t
know
when
she
can
come
back.
直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系
三、人称的变化
　　1.?从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：
　　“I
was
born
in
Zhangjiajie.”He
said.
→He
said
that
he
was
born
in
Zhangjiajie
.
“You
must
give
me
my
pen.”
he
told
me
-?He
told
me
that
I
must
give
him
his
pen.
“They
go
to
the
park.”she
said.
-?She
said
that
they
went
to
the
park.
一随主二随宾第三人称不变化
直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系
三、标点的使用
　　2.?宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。
　　“Who
are
you
?”Can
you
tell
me
?
→Can
you
tell
me
who
you
are
?
“His
sister
goes
to
the
park
.”he
said.
-?He
said
that
his
sister
went
to
the
park
.
　
将下列句子合并为一句:
1.
Where
do
they
stop
on
the
way?
I
asked.
2.
What
will
you
say
at
the
meeting?Could
you
tell
me?
3.
Do
they
like
to
make
friends
with
us?
He
asked.
4.
“I
am
doing
my
homework.”
He
said.
5.
“I
will
come
back.”
Tom
said.
I
asked
where
they
stopped
on
the
way.
Could
you
tell
me
what
you
will
say
at
the
meeting?
He
asked
if
they
liked
to
make
friends
with
them.
He
said
that
he
was
doing
his
homework.
Tom
said
that
he
would
come
back.
6.
“Is
he
doing
his
homework?”
Jim
asked.
7.
“When
will
he
come
back?”
Tom
asked.
8.
“How
can
I
get
to
the
station?”
Could
you
tell
me?
9.
“Why
is
the
train
late?”
Would
you
tell
me?
10.
“Where
is
Tom?”
They
asked.
Tom
asked
when
he
would
come
back.
Could
you
tell
me
how
I
can
get
to
the
station?
Would
you
tell
me
why
the
train
is
late?
They
asked
where
Tom
was.
Jim
asked
if
he
was
doing
his
homework.
“Why
is
the
train
late?”
Would
you
tell
me?
2.
“Where
is
Tom?”
They
asked.
3.
“Do
you
know
her
telephone
number？”He
asked
me.
He
asked
me
if
I
know
her
telephone
number.
Do
you
know？Where
does
he
live？
Do
you
know
where
he
lives？
Would
you
tell
me
why
the
train
is
late?
They
asked
where
Tom
was.
将下列句子合并为一句:
1.
“
I
am
doing
my
homework.”
He
said.
2.
“I
will
come
back.”
Tom
said.
3.
“I
can
finish
my
work
before
supper.”
He
said.
He
said
that
he
could
finish
his
work
before
supper.
He
said
that
he
was
doing
his
homework.
Tom
said
that
he
would
come
back.
直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系
一般疑问句变为if
(whether)引导的宾语从句
She
asked,
“
Do
you
often
come
here
to
read
newspaper?
”
“Will
they
go
to
visit
the
Great
Wall?”
he
asked.
She
asked
if
(whether)
I
often
came
here
to
read
newspaper.
He
asked
if
(whether)
they
would
go
visit
the
Great
Wall.
如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether；
语序变为陈述语序。
1.
What
did
Mike
say?
He
said____________________.
A.
if
you
are
free
the
next
week
B.
what
colour
was
it
C.
the
weather
is
fine
D.
summer
comes
after
spring
2.
Let
me
tell
you
__________________.
A.
how
much
is
the
car
B.
how
much
does
the
car
cost
C.
how
much
did
I
pay
for
the
car
D.
how
much
I
spent
on
the
car
3.
Peter
knew
_______________.
A.
whether
he
has
finished
reading
the
book
B.
why
the
boy
had
so
many
questions
C.
there
were
12
months
in
a
year
D.
when
they
will
leave
for
Paris
4.
Could
you
tell
me
___________?
A.
where
do
you
live
　
B.
who
you
are
waiting
for
C.
who
were
you
waiting
for?
D.
where
you
live
in
5.
She
told
me
the
sun
______
in
the
east.
A.
rise
　B.
rose
　C.
rises
　D.
had
risen
6.I
don't
know
________
up
so
early
last
Sunday.
A.
why
did
he
get
C.why
does
he
get
B.why
he
gets
D.
why
he
got
7.
The
manager
came
up
to
see
__________.
A.
what
was
the
matter
　B.
what
the
matter
was
C.
what
the
matter
is???
D.
what's
the
matter
8.
He
asked
his
father
_______.
where
it
happens?
?B.
where
did
it
happen
C.
how
it
happened???
D.
how
did
it
happen
9.
No
one
tells
us______,
so
we
need
your
help.
how
we
should
do??
B.
what
should
we
do
C.
how
to
do
it??????
D.
what
to
do
it
10.
Could
you
please
teach
me
_______
the
computer.
A.
how
check??
C.
how
to
check
B.
to
check????
D.
to
how
checking
11.
─Where
do
you
think
______
he
_____
the
TV
set?
─
Sorry,
I've
no
idea.
　
A./,
bought??
B.
has,
bought??
C.
did,
buy??
D.
did
bought
练一练
(
)1.
Miss
Green
didn’t
tell
us
_______
in
2002.
A.
where
does
she
live
B.
Where
she
lives
C.
where
did
she
live
D.
where
she
lived
(
)2.
Would
you
please
tell
me
________?
A.
when
did
he
come
home
B.
where
would
he
play
football
C.
if
had
he
seen
the
film
D.
why
he
didn’t
watch
the
game
(
)
3.
Do
you
know
________
I
could
pass
the
exam?
A.
that
B.
whether
C.
what
D.
which
(
)4.
I
want
to
know_________.
A.
what
is
his
name
B.
what’s
his
name
C.
that
his
name
is
D.
what
his
name
is
D
D
B
D
(
)
5.
I
don’t
know
when
__________.
A.
will
the
train
leave
B.
the
train
will
leave
C.
would
the
train
leave
D.
the
train
leave
(
)
6.---We
don’t
know
_____________.
---It
is
said
that
he
was
born
in
Sweden.
A.
what
he
is
B.
if
he
lives
here
C.
where
he
comes
from
D.
which
country
is
he
from
(
)
7.
Do
you
know
_______
during
the
coming
summer
holiday?
A.
what
will
Tom
do
B.
what
did
Tom
do
C.
what
Tom
will
do
D.
what
Tom
did
(
)
8.
Could
you
tell
me
______
she
is
looking
for?
A.
that
B.
whose
C.
who
D.
which
B
C
C
C
1.
I
hear
(that)
_____________________.
(一小时后他会回来）
he
will
be
back
in
an
hour
he
missed
us
very
much
3.
The
teacher
told
us
(that)
___________________________.
（地球围着太阳转）
the
earth
moves
around
the
sun
2.
He
said
(that)
_____________________.
(他非常想念我们）
完成句子
4.
I
want
to
know
_______________
_________________________.
(他是否跟我们一起去公园)
if
(whether)
he
will
go
to
the
park
with
us
55.
Ask
him
_____________________.
(他是否能来)
whether
(if)
he
can
come
6.
Please
tell
me
__________________
________.
(我们将什么时候开会)
7.
Can
you
tell
me
__________.
(他在哪儿)
8.
Could
you
tell
me
______________
__________.
(我该怎么去车站)
when
we’ll
have
a
meeting
where
he
is
how
I
can
get
to
the
station
由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：
I
want
to
know
if
(whether)
he
lives
there.
He
asked
me
whether
(if)
I
could
help
him.
注意一下情况只用whether，不用if。
1.
whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或or
not直接连用。如：
Let
me
know
whether
you
can
come
or
not.
Let
me
know
if
you
can
come
or
not.
2.
当宾语从句提到句首时，只能用whether引导。如：
Whether
it
is
true
or
not,
I
can’t
tell.
If
it
is
true
or
not,
I
can’t
tell.
3.
whether可以引导带to的不定式。如：
I
don’t
know
whether
to
accept
or
refuse.
I
don’t
know
if
to
accept
or
refuse.
4.
whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后，作介词的宾语。如：
I
worry
about
whether
I
hurt
her
feelings.
I
worry
about
if
I
hurt
her
feelings.
If
与whether
的区别
I
don’t
know
_____
he
will
come
or
not.
I
don’t
care
of
______
he
is
handsome.
He
wondered
______
to
stay
here
the
next
week.
____
he
will
come
is
not
decided.
与or
not
连用只能用whether
介词后只能用whether
与to
do
不定式连用只能用whether
作主语只能用whether
１．Do
you
know
__________________?
A.
where
does
she
live
B.
she
lives
where
C.
where
she
lives
D.
where
she
live
2.
His
parents
wanted
to
know
what
he
______at
that
time.
A.
is
doing
B.
was
doing
C.
has
done
D.
will
do
C
B
巩固练习：
I．从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。
4．Lily’s
mother
looked
for
her
for
half
an
hour,
but
could
not
find
________?
what
Lily
was
　
B.
what
was
Lily
C.
where
Lily
was
D.
where
was
Lily
　　　　　　　　　
C
3.—We
don’t
know
______.
--
It
is
said
that
he
was
born
in
Canada.
what
he
is
B.
when
he
was
born
C.
where
he
comes
from
D.
if
he
lives
here
C
5
The
girls
asked
if
they
____
some
food
and
drink
with
them.
A.
took
B.
take
C.
takes
D.
will
take
6
Linda
said
the
moon___
round
the
earth.
A.
travelled
B.
has
travelled
C.
travels
D.
had
travelled
A
C