中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2020届江苏高考英语考前任务型阅读解题技巧点拨
信息查找题解题技巧
信息查找题即原文词汇复现，属于最简单的基础题，要求考生能快速地在文章中查找相关细节，锁定信息来源，并用文章中的词或其适当形式填空。解题关键是根据问题查找并准确定位信息。信息查找题考查的都是原文词汇，但现在词汇呈现的形式越来越隐蔽，考生做题时一定要细心。信息查找题首先要浏览图表，借助图表结构抓住文章主旨、结构层次以及文章的脉络，并确定图表中的内容与文章中某一段落之间的对应关系。这就要求我们能快速在文章中查找相关细节，锁定信息来源，并用文章中的词
或其适当形式填空。
①Despite
their
many
differences,
all
human
beings
share
several
defining
characteristics,
such
as
large
brains
and
the
ability
to
walk
upright
on
two
legs.
Large
brains
for
their
bodies
and
the
ability
to
walk
upright
are
two
▲
of
human
beings.
②In
modern
man,
the
brain
accounts
for
about
2%—3%
of
total
body
weight,
but
it
consumes
25%
of
the
body’s
energy
when
the
body
is
at
rest.
By
comparison,
the
brains
of
apes(类人猿)require
only
8%
of
rest?time
energy.
The
animal
brain
requires
less
▲
when
the
body
is
at
rest.
③In
addition,
their
arms
that
are
unnecessary
for
moving
around
are
freed
for
other
purposes,
like
throwing
stones
or
signaling.
Freed
hands
can
serve
some
▲
purposes
and
perform
complex
tasks.
④In
Philadelphia,
a
metro
area
smaller
than
Dallas,
the
arts
have
an
economic
impact
of
almost
$3
billion
and
support
44,000
jobs,
80
percent
of
which
actually
lie
outside
the
arts
industry.
...
In
Philadelphia
the
arts
have
created
about
35,000
job
opportunities
for
workers
▲
arts
industry.
⑤One
solution
is
obviously
to
import
foreign
workers
via
immigration.
As
for
the
USA,
it
is
almost
unique
among
developed
nations
in
having
a
population
that
is
expected
to
grow
by
20%
from
2010—2030.
The
USA
will
increase,
from
2010—2030,
its
population
by
20%
through
▲
.
信息转换题解题技巧
信息转换题是活学活用题，考查考生在知识重组的基础上，运用多种表达方式的能力，突显对遣词造句能力的考查。比如，用意义相同或相反的词完成句子的能力。同时，在限定一空一词的要求下，更需要我们有逆向思维的能力。这类题型无法从原文中找到原词或完全一样的原句，这就需要我们对文章进行加工或变通。这些变通大多与语法知识有关，也有些与短语搭配和固定句型有关。解题关键：根据问题查找定位信息，加工分析并转换成另一种表达方式。
熟练掌握常见的几种转换技巧：词性、词形转换、句意转换、句子结构转换、同义反义转换、前缀后缀转换、另选他词转换等等。
①That
outcome
shouldn’t
surprise
us.
Research
shows
that
when
people
work
with
a
positive
mind-set(思维模式),
performance
on
nearly
every
level—productivity,
creativity,
involvement—improves.
Yet
happiness
is
perhaps
the
most
misunderstood
driver
of
performance.
For
one,
most
people
believe
that
success
comes
before
happiness.
“Once
I
get
a
promotion,
111
be
happy,”
they
think.
Or,
“Once
I
hit
my
sales
target,
IH
feel
great.”
But
because
success
is
a
moving
target—as
soon
as
you
hit
your
target,
you
raise
it
again—the
happiness
that
results
from
success
does
not
last
long.
Research
findings:
People
perform
better
when
thinking
▲
.
②Our
earth
itself
is
a
big
magnet(磁体).So
a
little
magnetic
needle
that
swings
freely
lines
itself
with
the
big
earth
magnet
to
point
north
and
south.
When
people
discovered
that
idea
about
a
thousand
years
ago
and
invented
the
compass,
it
allowed
sailors
to
navigate(航海)on
ocean
voyages,
even
under
cloudy
skies.
Our
earth
is
a
big
magnet
and
a
little
freely
▲
magnetic
needle
lines
itself
with
the
earth
magnet
to
point
north
and
south.
③News
of
the
first
kind
pays
its
rewards
at
once.
A
reader
can
enjoy
an
indirect
experience
without
any
of
the
dangers
or
stresses
involved.
He
can
tremble
wildly
at
an
axe-murder,
shake
his
head
sympathetically
and
safely
at
a
hurricane,
identify
himself
with
the
winning
team,
laugh
understandingly
at
a
warm
little
story
of
children
or
dogs.
News
of
immediate
reward
will
seemingly
take
their
readers
to
the
very
frightening
scene
without
actual
▲
.
④Schools
try
to
teach
kids
about
the
dangers
of
negative
peer
pressure.
They
teach
kids
to
stand
up
and
be
themselves,
and
encourage
them
to
politely
decline
to
do
things
that
they
believe
are
wrong.
Similarly,
it
can
be
helpful
to
encourage
children
to
greet
the
beneficial
influence
of
positive
peer
groups.
To
avoid
the
danger
of
negative
peer
pressure,
kids
should
learn
to
be
independent
when
necessary,
and
say
▲
to
anything
that
is
wrong
or
illegal.
⑤Older
people
who
suffer
health
problems
still
say
they
are
OK.
Older
people
▲
health
problems
feel
good
about
themselves.
⑥Let
your
friends
know
your
ideas,
and
you
needn’t
force
them
to
follow
the
ideas.
You
can
let
your
friends
know
your
ideas
without
▲
them
to
follow
the
ideas.
⑦Some
researchers
have
made
a
survey
in
which
200
housewives
were
involved,
finding
that
they
have
greater
ambitions
for
career.
Some
researchers
have
made
a
survey
▲
200
housewives
and
found
that
they
still
want
to
work.
⑧Another
common
misunderstanding
is
that
our
genetics,
our
environment,
or
a
combination
of
the
two
determines
how
happy
we
are.
It
is
also
misunderstood
that
how
happy
we
are
is
▲
by
our
genetics,
environment
or
a
combination
of
the
two.
信息概括题解题技巧
信息概括题是综合概括题，要求考生能够准确无误地概括出文章的主题或行(栏)的标题，考查概括能力。解题时我们常常借助于表格右栏的内容填上概括性词汇。
①(2008江苏卷)
(74)
▲
◆Understand
and
agree
to
the(75)
▲
task
of
one’s
own.◆Take
turns
doing
various
tasks.◆Show
concern
for
others
to
ensure
safety.◆Take(76)
▲
for
one’s
own
learning.◆Compare
your
own
observations
with
those
of
others.
②(2010江苏卷)
The(78)
▲
of
the
magnetic
stuff
for
the
animal
compass.
◆Little
rod-like
bacteria
were
found
by
chance
to
swim
together
in
the
direction
of(79)
▲
.
◆Some
animals
had
a
chain
of
dense
magnetic
particles
in
or
close
to
the(71)
▲
inside
their
bodies.
③(2018江苏卷)
(72)
▲
of
arts’
promoting
our
economy
Arts
activity
demands
a(n)(73)
▲
effort.
It
involves
creation,
performance,
and(74)
▲
.◆Artists
make
a
living
through
their
creative
work.◆Others
get
paid
by
marketing
the
event.
Arts
have
a
gradually
spreading(75)
▲
.
They
could
help
promote
other
industries
whether
they
lie
inside
or
outside
arts.◆Besides
tickets,
some
jazz
lovers
will
pay
their(76)
▲
to
and
from
the
events.◆Arts
contribute
to
cultural
development
when
people
gather
together
to
share
their
experience
and
renew
their
energy.
Investment
in
arts
could
produce
potential(77)
▲
economic
results.◆TeCo
used
a
$35,000
art
investment
to
attract
an
overall
support
of
$400,000.◆In
Dallas,
one
dollar
invested
in
arts
could
harvest
and
extraordinary
return
of
nearly
$300.◆In
Philadelphia
the
arts
have
created
about
35,000
job
opportunities
for
workers
(78)
▲
arts
industry.
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2020届江苏高考英语考前任务型阅读解题技巧点拨
信息查找题解题技巧
信息查找题即原文词汇复现，属于最简单的基础题，要求考生能快速地在文章中查找相关细节，锁定信息来源，并用文章中的词或其适当形式填空。解题关键是根据问题查找并准确定位信息。信息查找题考查的都是原文词汇，但现在词汇呈现的形式越来越隐蔽，考生做题时一定要细心。信息查找题首先要浏览图表，借助图表结构抓住文章主旨、结构层次以及文章的脉络，并确定图表中的内容与文章中某一段落之间的对应关系。这就要求我们能快速在文章中查找相关细节，锁定信息来源，并用文章中的词或其适当形式填空。
①Despite
their
many
differences,
all
human
beings
share
several
defining
characteristics,
such
as
large
brains
and
the
ability
to
walk
upright
on
two
legs.
Large
brains
for
their
bodies
and
the
ability
to
walk
upright
are
two
▲
of
human
beings.
【解析】根据题干中的“Large
brains
...
and
the
ability
to
walk
upright”可以确定命题区间为所节选段，然后可以直接找到答案characteristics。连名词单复数都一样。
②In
modern
man,
the
brain
accounts
for
about
2%—3%
of
total
body
weight,
but
it
consumes
25%
of
the
body’s
energy
when
the
body
is
at
rest.
By
comparison,
the
brains
of
apes(类人猿)require
only
8%
of
rest?time
energy.
The
animal
brain
requires
less
▲
when
the
body
is
at
rest.
【解析】定位到原文最后一个词就可得到答案energy.
③In
addition,
their
arms
that
are
unnecessary
for
moving
around
are
freed
for
other
purposes,
like
throwing
stones
or
signaling.
Freed
hands
can
serve
some
▲
purposes
and
perform
complex
tasks.
【解析】定位原文中的other
purpose即可得出答案。
④In
Philadelphia,
a
metro
area
smaller
than
Dallas,
the
arts
have
an
economic
impact
of
almost
$3
billion
and
support
44,000
jobs,
80
percent
of
which
actually
lie
outside
the
arts
industry.
...
In
Philadelphia
the
arts
have
created
about
35,000
job
opportunities
for
workers
▲
arts
industry.
【解析】根据题干中的“In
Philadelphia”可以定位到节选段的第三句“In
Philadelphia,
a
metro
area
smaller
than
Dallas,
the
arts
have
an
economic
impact
of
almost
D|S3
billion
and
support
44,000
jobs,
80
percent
of
which
actually
lie
outside
the
arts
industry
...”，然后很容易确定答案为outside。
⑤One
solution
is
obviously
to
import
foreign
workers
via
immigration.
As
for
the
USA,
it
is
almost
unique
among
developed
nations
in
having
a
population
that
is
expected
to
grow
by
20%
from
2010—2030.
The
USA
will
increase,
from
2010—2030,
its
population
by
20%
through
▲
.
【解析】根据
“One
solution
is
obviously
to
import
foreign
workers
via
immigration.”可知，美国增加人口的方法是通过移民。关键词是immigration。
信息转换题解题技巧
信息转换题是活学活用题，考查考生在知识重组的基础上，运用多种表达方式的能力，突显对遣词造句能力的考查。比如，用意义相同或相反的词完成句子的能力。同时，在限定一空一词的要求下，更需要我们有逆向思维的能力。这类题型无法从原文中找到原词或完全一样的原句，这就需要我们对文章进行加工或变通。这些变通大多与语法知识有关，也有些与短语搭配和固定句型有关。解题关键：根据问题查找定位信息，加工分析并转换成另一种表达方式。
熟练掌握常见的几种转换技巧：词性、词形转换、句意转换、句子结构转换、同义反义转换、前缀后缀转换、另选他词转换等等。
①That
outcome
shouldn’t
surprise
us.
Research
shows
that
when
people
work
with
a
positive
mind-set(思维模式),
performance
on
nearly
every
level—productivity,
creativity,
involvement—improves.
Yet
happiness
is
perhaps
the
most
misunderstood
driver
of
performance.
For
one,
most
people
believe
that
success
comes
before
happiness.
“Once
I
get
a
promotion,
111
be
happy,”
they
think.
Or,
“Once
I
hit
my
sales
target,
IH
feel
great.”
But
because
success
is
a
moving
target—as
soon
as
you
hit
your
target,
you
raise
it
again—the
happiness
that
results
from
success
does
not
last
long.
Research
findings:
People
perform
better
when
thinking
▲
.
【解析】此句对应的原文信息：Research
shows
that
when
people
work
with
a
positive
mind-set,
performance
on
nearly
every
level—productivity,
creativity,
involvement—improves.因此，对比之后，此题空格处填的词与原文中的positive有关，再根据其前的thinking可知应用副词形式positively。
②Our
earth
itself
is
a
big
magnet(磁体).So
a
little
magnetic
needle
that
swings
freely
lines
itself
with
the
big
earth
magnet
to
point
north
and
south.
When
people
discovered
that
idea
about
a
thousand
years
ago
and
invented
the
compass,
it
allowed
sailors
to
navigate(航海)on
ocean
voyages,
even
under
cloudy
skies.
Our
earth
is
a
big
magnet
and
a
little
freely
▲
magnetic
needle
lines
itself
with
the
earth
magnet
to
point
north
and
south.
【解析】此句对应的原文信息是：So
a
little
magnetic
needle
that
swings
freely
lines
itself
with
the
big
earth
magnet
to
point
north
and
south.通过对比，我们可以很容易地发现空格处填的词与swing有关，再根据此题后有谓语动词lines，所以此空填非谓语动词swinging。
③News
of
the
first
kind
pays
its
rewards
at
once.
A
reader
can
enjoy
an
indirect
experience
without
any
of
the
dangers
or
stresses
involved.
He
can
tremble
wildly
at
an
axe-murder,
shake
his
head
sympathetically
and
safely
at
a
hurricane,
identify
himself
with
the
winning
team,
laugh
understandingly
at
a
warm
little
story
of
children
or
dogs.
News
of
immediate
reward
will
seemingly
take
their
readers
to
the
very
frightening
scene
without
actual
▲
.
【解析】此句对应的原文信息是：A
reader
can
enjoy
an
indirect
experience
without
any
of
the
dangers
or
stresses
involved.结合题干前面的形容词actual应该填名词involvement
“参与”。
④Schools
try
to
teach
kids
about
the
dangers
of
negative
peer
pressure.
They
teach
kids
to
stand
up
and
be
themselves,
and
encourage
them
to
politely
decline
to
do
things
that
they
believe
are
wrong.
Similarly,
it
can
be
helpful
to
encourage
children
to
greet
the
beneficial
influence
of
positive
peer
groups.
To
avoid
the
danger
of
negative
peer
pressure,
kids
should
learn
to
be
independent
when
necessary,
and
say
▲
to
anything
that
is
wrong
or
illegal.
【解析】此句对应的原文信息是：They
teach
kids
to
stand
up
and
be
themselves,
and
encourage
them
to
politely
decline
to
do
things
that
they
believe
are
wrong.将其中“decline
to
do
sth...”转换为“say
no
to
...”。
⑤Older
people
who
suffer
health
problems
still
say
they
are
OK.
Older
people
▲
health
problems
feel
good
about
themselves.
【解析】复合句与简单句的转换。把定语从句转换成现在分词短语作定语。原句：患有健康问题的老年人仍然说他们没事。转换：患有健康问题的老年人自我感觉良好。故填suffering。
⑥Let
your
friends
know
your
ideas,
and
you
needn’t
force
them
to
follow
the
ideas.
You
can
let
your
friends
know
your
ideas
without
▲
them
to
follow
the
ideas.
【解析】并列句与简单句的转换。原句：让你的朋友知道你的想法，而你不必强迫他们遵循这些想法。转换：你可以让你的朋友知道你的想法，而不必强迫他们遵循这些想法。故题forcing。
⑦Some
researchers
have
made
a
survey
in
which
200
housewives
were
involved,
finding
that
they
have
greater
ambitions
for
career.
Some
researchers
have
made
a
survey
▲
200
housewives
and
found
that
they
still
want
to
work.
【解析】复合句与简单句的转换。原句：一些研究人员做了一项调查，其中有200名家庭主妇参与其中，发现她们对事业有更大的抱负。转换：一些研究人员对200名家庭主妇进行了调查，发现他们仍然想工作。故题involving。
⑧Another
common
misunderstanding
is
that
our
genetics,
our
environment,
or
a
combination
of
the
two
determines
how
happy
we
are.
It
is
also
misunderstood
that
how
happy
we
are
is
▲
by
our
genetics,
environment
or
a
combination
of
the
two.
【解析】简单句与强调句的转换。原句：另一个常见的误解是我们的基因，我们的环境，或者两者的结合决定了我们有多幸福。转换：人们也误解了我们的幸福感是由我们的基因、环境或两者的结合决定的。故题determined/decided。
信息概括题解题技巧
信息概括题是综合概括题，要求考生能够准确无误地概括出文章的主题或行(栏)的标题，考查概括能力。解题时我们常常借助于表格右栏的内容填上概括性词汇。
①(2008江苏卷)
(74)
▲
◆Understand
and
agree
to
the(75)
▲
task
of
one’s
own.◆Take
turns
doing
various
tasks.◆Show
concern
for
others
to
ensure
safety.◆Take(76)
▲
for
one’s
own
learning.◆Compare
your
own
observations
with
those
of
others.
【解析】右栏内容所说的全是建议(Suggestions)。当然填Advice也对。
②(2010江苏卷)
The(78)
▲
of
the
magnetic
stuff
for
the
animal
compass.
◆Little
rod-like
bacteria
were
found
by
chance
to
swim
together
in
the
direction
of(79)
▲
.
◆Some
animals
had
a
chain
of
dense
magnetic
particles
in
or
close
to
the(71)
▲
inside
their
bodies.
【解析】右栏内容就是说明这位科学家的发现。同时，我们也可从右栏中的found得到暗示。所以第78空填概括性词汇discovery。
③(2018江苏卷)
(72)
▲
of
arts’
promoting
our
economy
Arts
activity
demands
a(n)(73)
▲
effort.
It
involves
creation,
performance,
and(74)
▲
.◆Artists
make
a
living
through
their
creative
work.◆Others
get
paid
by
marketing
the
event.
Arts
have
a
gradually
spreading(75)
▲
.
They
could
help
promote
other
industries
whether
they
lie
inside
or
outside
arts.◆Besides
tickets,
some
jazz
lovers
will
pay
their(76)
▲
to
and
from
the
events.◆Arts
contribute
to
cultural
development
when
people
gather
together
to
share
their
experience
and
renew
their
energy.
Investment
in
arts
could
produce
potential(77)
▲
economic
results.◆TeCo
used
a
$35,000
art
investment
to
attract
an
overall
support
of
$400,000.◆In
Dallas,
one
dollar
invested
in
arts
could
harvest
and
extraordinary
return
of
nearly
$300.◆In
Philadelphia
the
arts
have
created
about
35,000
job
opportunities
for
workers
(78)
▲
arts
industry.
【解析】分析右边表格各小点的内容可知，这里应该为艺术提升我们经济的方法，所以用way，注意首字母大写及复数形式。故填Ways。
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