(共49张PPT)
Unit
1 Great
scientists
Section
Ⅰ Warming
Up，Pre?reading
&
Reading
inspired
exposed
deadly
whenever
explaining
that
absorbed
their
the
to
blame
Thank
you
for
watching
!
单元话题导读
答宥Unit
1
Great
scientists
霍乱、肺结核等疾病给人类健康带来了极大的损害。Robert
Koch的研究成果为战胜这些疾病取得了重大突破。
Cholera
and
tuberculosis(肺结核)
were
two
of
the
most
dangerous
killer
diseases
in
the
late
19th
century.A
man，named
Robert
Koch，made
a
breakthrough
in
the
fight
against
these
diseases.
Who
was
Robert
Koch?
Koch
was
a
German
scientist,
born
in
Hanover
in
1843.Koch
began
research
into
the
microbes(细菌)affecting
diseased
animals
and
people
in
1872.He
won
the
Nobel
Prize
in
1905
for
his
work
on
tuberculosis.
What
made
him
famous?
In
1878
Koch
discovered
that
microbes
caused
wounds
to
go
infected，but
his
big
breakthrough
came
when
he
decided
to
stain(给……着色)
microbes
with
dye(染料)，enabling
him
to
photograph
them
under
a
microscope.
Using
this
method
he
was
able
to
study
them
more
effectively
and
prove
that
every
disease
was
caused
by
different
germs.He
identified
the
microbes
that
caused
tuberculosis
in
1882
and
cholera
in
1883.
How
did
he
do
this?
Koch's
discoveries
were
the
result
of
careful
research
using
the
microscope，photography
and
dyes.As
a
result
of
his
work，the
German
government
also
set
up
an
“Institute
of
Infectious
Diseases”
in
Berlin
in
1891
for
medical
research
and
development.
In
the
20th
century
medical
research
has
increasingly
involved
teams
of
researchers
supported
by
large
public
or
private
funds.
Results
of
his
research
The
scientific
evidence
of
microbes
helped
other
scientists
prove
that
pollution
spread
disease.It
meant
certain
kinds
of
action
could
be
taken
to
prevent
certain
types
of
disease.Since
cholera
was
carried
in
water,
for
example,
its
spread
could
be
prevented
with
clean
water
supplies.
Long?term
importance
Koch
was
responsible
for
establishing
the
new
“Science
of
Modern
Bacteriology”.
Other
scientists
would
continue
to
improve
our
knowledge
of
disease
and
germs
by
using
his
methods.By
1900
he
and
his
students
had
identified
21
germs
causing
diseases.
[阅读障碍词]
1．breakthrough
n．
突破；突破性进展
2．microscope
n.
显微镜
3．germ
n.
细菌
4．involve
vt.
包含；牵涉
5．establish
vt.
建立；创办
[诱思导读]
根据短文内容，判断正(T)误(F)
1．Cholera
and
tuberculosis
were
the
most
dangerous
killer
diseases
in
the
late
19th
century.
( )
2．Robert
Koch
won
the
Nobel
Prize
for
his
work
on
cholera
and
tuberculosis.
( )
3．Robert
Koch's
methods
can
help
other
scientists
to
improve
our
knowledge
of
disease
and
germs.
( )
[答案] 1－3 FFT
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.challenge
A．vt.弄脏；污染
( )2.handle
B．n.挑战
vt.向……挑战
( )3.pollute
C．n.柄；把手
vt.处理；操纵
( )4.instruct
D．vt.&
n．连接；联系
( )5.link
E．vt.命令；指示；教导
( )6.defeat
F．vt.打败；战胜；使受挫
n．失败
( )7.attend
G．vt.&
vi.结束；推断出
( )8.cure
H．vt.认为；怀疑
n．被怀疑者；嫌疑犯
( )9.suspect
I．vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加
( )10.conclude
J．n.治愈；痊愈
vt.治愈；治疗
[答案] 1－5 BCAED 6－10 FIJHG
Ⅱ.选择下列句中相应词组的汉语意思
A．提出 B．调查 C．治好；矫正
D．和……联系或连接起来
E．得出结论
F．暴露
( )1.The
government
will
look
into
how
to
reduce
unemployment.
( )2.No
one
has
put
forward
a
better
plan
than
this
one.
( )3.Nothing
could
cure
her
of
her
impatience
with
Anna.
( )4.To
dry
the
wet
clothes
quickly，she
exposed
them
to
the
sunshine
on
purpose.
( )5.With
careful
study，the
scientist
drew
a
conclusion
finally
from
what
he
had
surveyed.
( )6.She
doesn't
know
whether
her
mobile
phone
can
be
linked
to
the
Internet
or
not
in
India.
[答案] 1－6 BACFED
JOHN
SNOW
DEFEATS
“KING
CHOLERA”
John
Snow
was
a
famous
doctor
in
London—so
expert(熟练的)，indeed，that
he
attended
Queen
Victoria
as
her
personal
physician(医生)．But
he
became
inspired
when
he
thought
about
helping
ordinary
people
exposed(暴露)
to
cholera①.This
was
the
deadly
disease
of
its
day.Neither
its
cause
nor
its
cure(治愈)
was
understood.So
many
thousands
of
terrified
people
died
every
time②there
was
an
outbreak.John
Snow
wanted
to
face
the
challenge
and
solve
this
problem.He
knew
that
cholera
would
never
be
controlled(控制)
until
its
cause
was
found.
约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王”
约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人大夫。但当他一想到要帮助(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓，他就感到很振奋。霍乱是当时最致命的疾病。人们既不知道它的病源，也不知道它的治疗方法。因此，每次暴发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人死去。约翰·斯诺想面对这个挑战，解决这个问题。他知道在找到病源之前，疫情是无法控制的。
[助读讲解] ①过去分词短语exposed
to
cholera作后置定语，修饰people。②every
time意为“每次”，用作连词，连接时间状语从句。
He
became
interested
in
two
theories
that
possibly
explained
how
cholera
killed
people.The
first
suggested③
that
cholera
multiplied
in
the
air.A
cloud
of
dangerous
gas
floated
around
until
it
found
its
victims(受害者)．The
second
suggested
that
people
absorbed(吸收)
this
disease
into
their
bodies
with
their
meals.From
the
stomach
the
disease
quickly
attacked
the
body
and
soon
the
affected④
person
died.
对于霍乱是如何致人死亡的，当时有两种相对合理的理论，斯诺对这两种理论比较感兴趣。第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖。它像一股危险的气体到处飘浮，直到找到受害者为止。第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。疾病从胃里发作而迅速殃及全身，患者很快就会死亡。
[助读讲解] ③suggested在此处意为“间接表明；暗示”，后面的从句不用虚拟语气。④过去分词affected在句中作定语，意为“受疾病侵袭的”。
John
Snow
suspected(认为；怀疑)
that
the
second
theory
was
correct
but
he
needed
evidence.So
when
another
outbreak
hit⑤
London
in
1854，he
was
ready
to
begin
his
enquiry(询问)．As
the
disease
spread
quickly
through
poor
neighbourhoods⑥，he
began
to
gather
information.In
two
particular
streets，the
cholera
outbreak
was
so
severe(严重的)
that
more
than
500
people
died
in
ten
days.
He
was
determined
to
find
out
why⑦.
约翰·斯诺认为第二种说法是正确的，但他需要证据。因此，在1854年伦敦再次暴发霍乱时，约翰·斯诺就准备开始他的调查。
当霍乱在贫民区迅速蔓延的时候，他就开始收集资料。在两条特定的街上霍乱流行得很严重，以至于10天内就有500多人死亡。他决心要查明原因。
[助读讲解] ⑤hit
vt.?厄运、灾难等?突然袭击，侵袭。⑥as在句中意为“当……时候”，引导时间状语从句。⑦be
determined
to
do...下定决心做……
First
he
marked
on
a
map
the
exact
places
where
all
the
dead
people
had
lived⑧.This
gave
him
a
valuable
clue
about
the
cause
of
the
disease.Many
of
the
deaths
were
near
the
water
pump(泵；抽水机)
in
Broad
Street⑨(especially
numbers
16,37,38
and
40)．He
also
noticed
that
some
houses
(such
as
20
and
21
Broad
Street
and
8
and
9
Cambridge
Street)
had
had
no
deaths.He
had
not
foreseen(预见)
this，so
he
made
further
investigations.He
discovered
that
these
people
worked
in
the
pub
at
7
Cambridge
Street.They
had
been
given
free
beer
and
so
had
not
drunk
the
water
from
the
pump.It
seemed
that⑩the
water
was
to
blame(责备)．
首先，他在一张地图上标明了所有死者住过的确切的地方，这提供了一条说明霍乱病因的很有价值的线索。许多死者是住在宽街的水泵附近(特别是16、37、38和40号)。他还发现有些住宅(如宽街上的20号和21号以及剑桥大街上的8号和9号)却无人死亡。他以前没预见到这种情况，所以他要进行更进一步的调查。他发现，这些人都在剑桥大街7号的酒馆里工作。酒馆为他们免费提供啤酒喝，因此他们没有喝从宽街水泵里抽上来的水。看来水是罪魁祸首。
[助读讲解] ⑧where引导定语从句，修饰先行词places。⑨Broad
Street牛津城的宽街，历史建筑群最密集后街道之一。⑩It
seemed
that...好像……，看来……。
Next，John
Snow
looked
into?
the
source
of
the
water
for
these
two
streets.He
found
that
it
came
from
the
river
polluted(污染)
by
the
dirty
water
from
London.He
immediately
told
the
astonished
people
in
Broad
Street
to
remove
the
handle(柄；把手)
from
the
pump
so
that?
it
could
not
be
used.Soon
afterwards
the
disease
slowed
down.
He
had
shown
that
cholera
was
spread
by
germs(细菌)
and
not
in
a
cloud
of
gas.
接下来，约翰·斯诺调查了这两条街的水源。他发现，水是从河里来的，而河水被从伦敦排放的脏水污染了。他马上让宽街上惊慌失措的百姓拆掉水泵的把手，这样，水泵就用不成了。不久，疫情就得到缓解。他证明了霍乱是由病菌而不是由气体传播的。
[助读讲解] ?look
into调查；了解。?so
that引导目的状语从句。
In
another
part
of
London，he
found
supporting
evidence③
from
two
other
deaths
that
were
linked(联系)
to
the
Broad
Street
outbreak.A
woman，who
had
moved
away
from
Broad
Street，liked
the
water
from
the
pump
so
much
that
she
had
it
delivered
to?
her
house
every
day.Both
she
and
her
daughter
died
of
cholera
after
drinking
the
water.With
this
extra
evidence
John
Snow
was
able
to
announce
with
certainty?
that
polluted
water
carried
the
germs.
在伦敦的另一个地区，他从两个与宽街暴发的霍乱有关联的死亡病例中又发现了有力证据。有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜欢从那个水泵里抽上来的水，每天都要让人把水运到她家。她和她的女儿喝了这种水后，都得了霍乱而死去。有了这个额外的证据，约翰·斯诺就能够肯定地宣布，这种被污染了的水携带着病菌。
[助读讲解] ?supporting adj.有力的；?演员、角色?次要的；配角的。supporting
evidence有力的证据。?had
it
delivered中it指代上文的water，have为使役动词，过去分词delivered作宾语补足语。?with
certainty
“肯定地”，作状语。
To
prevent
this
from
happening
again?，John
Snow
suggested
that
the
source
of
all
the
water
supplies
be
examined?.The
water
companies
were
instructed(命令；指示)
not
to
expose
people
to
polluted
water
any
more.Finally
“King
Cholera”
was
defeated.
为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰·斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。供水公司得到指示，再也不能让人们接触被污染的水了。最后，“霍乱王”被击败了。
[助读讲解] ?To
prevent...again为动词不定式短语作目的状语，prevent...?from?doing表示“阻止……做……”。?suggested在此表示“建议”，that引导的宾语从句中用的是虚拟语气。从句谓语为be
examined，be前面省略了should。
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P2－P3教材课文，选择最佳答案/匹配段落大意
1．What's
the
main
idea
of
the
passage?
A．John
Snow
was
a
well?known
doctor
in
London.
B．Polluted
water
was
the
cause
of
cholera.
C．The
source
of
all
drinking
water
should
be
examined.
D．How
John
Snow
collected，analyzed
data
and
found
the
cause
of
cholera
and
solved
it.
[答案] D
2．Match
the
main
idea
with
each
paragraph.
(1)Para.1
A．Two
theories
explaining
how
cho?lera
killed
people.
(2)Para.2
B．John
Snow
studied
the
outbreak
in
1854
to
test
the
two
theories.
(3)Para.3
C．Introduction
of
John
Snow
and
cholera.
(4)Para.4
D．The
water
was
to
blame.
(5)Para.5
E．The
map
gave
a
valuable
clue
about
the
cause
of
the
disease.
(6)Para.6
F．“King
Cholera”
was
defeated.
(7)Para.7
G．John
Snow
announced
with
certainty
that
polluted
water
carried
the
disease.
[答案] (1)－(7) CABEDGF
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P2－P3教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．Why
did
John
Snow
attend
Queen
Victoria
as
her
personal
physician?
A．Because
he
was
well?known
all
over
the
world.
B．Because
he
was
expert
at
medical
science.
C．Because
he
was
an
old
doctor.
D．Because
Queen
Victoria
liked
him
very
much.
2．How
did
he
find
out
the
cause
of
the
disease?
A．By
living
in
the
area
where
cholera
broke
out.
B．By
marking
a
map
where
all
the
dead
people
had
lived.
C．By
telling
the
terrified
people
how
to
prevent
it.
D．By
saving
the
dying
people
suffering
from
cholera.
3．Why
did
21
Broad
Street
in
London
have
no
deaths?
A．The
people
just
drank
the
water
from
the
pump.
B．They
drank
beer
as
well
as
water
from
the
pump.
C．They
didn't
absorb
the
dangerous
air.
D．They
suffered
no
germs
at
all.
4．How
was
“King
Cholera”
defeated?
A．By
people's
not
polluting
the
river
again.
B．By
people's
healthy
diets.
C．By
people's
delivering
the
water
from
other
places.D.By
people's
stopping
drinking
the
polluted
water.
[答案] 1－4 BBDD
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P2－P3教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
John
Snow，a
well?known
doctor
in
London，became
1.inspired(inspire)
when
he
thought
about
helping
ordinary
people
2.exposed(expose)
to
cholera，a
3.deadly(dead)
disease
of
its
day.Many
thousands
of
people
died
4.whenever
there
was
an
outbreak
because
no
one
knew
the
cause
of
it.John
wanted
to
help
solve
the
problem.
He
got
interested
in
two
theories
5.explaining(explain)
how
cholera
killed
people.He
believed
in
the
second
theory
6.that
suggested
that
people
7.absorbed(absorb)
the
disease
with
8.their(they)
meals.In
1854，when
another
outbreak
hit
London，he
was
ready
to
test
9.the
two
theories.With
the
help
of
the
map
he
made，he
got
a
valuable
clue
about
the
cause
of
the
disease
and
was
able
to
announce
that
the
water
was
10.to
blame(blame)．“King
Cholera”
was
finally
defeated.
PAGE
-
1
-(共86张PPT)
Unit
1 Great
scientists
Section
Ⅱ Learning
about
Language
challenges
foresee
expose
suspected
being
polluted
attend
defeated
severe
cured
concluded
announce
instruct
conclude
conclusion
scientific
pollute
forward
a
to
on
to
to
into
down
put
forward
is
to
blame
drew
a
conclusion
look
into
be
exposed
to
Neither
Jim
nor
his
parents
Every
time
we
see
something
new
so
difficult
that
it
seemed
that
everything
happened
had
the
machine
repaired
was
tired
of
(should)
have
a
rest
提出
提名；推荐
拨快
提前
with
with
from
defeated/beat
won
won
to
ourselves
Being
exposed
exposed
expose
was
exposed
themselves
Absorbed
lying
for
on
to
blame
on
with
is
linked
announcement
was
announced
announcer
announcement
announced
to
paint
instructions
likes
am
is
opened
next
time
The
first
time
you
take
part
in
a
race
that
so
interesting
a
book
announcement
linked
was
defeated
attending
exposed
forward
Absorbed
to
blame
conclusion
was
cure前加a
challenge→challenging
sat→sit
which→where
去掉was
are
linked
to
expose
the
students
to
It
was
announced
that
so
absorbed
in
the
book
that
Every
time
I
saw
the
pictures
Thank
you
for
watching
!Section
Ⅱ
Learning
about
Language
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．As
in
any
business，we
experienced
a
lot
of
challenges
(挑战)．
2．We
could
foresee
(预见)
that
we
would
die
if
we
could
not
reach
land
very
soon.
3．We
should
try
to
expose
(暴露)
our
children
to
much
interesting
stories.
4．The
police
suspected(怀疑)the
young
man
of
taking
away
the
important
paper
just
now.
5．The
government
took
measures
to
prevent
our
city
from
being
polluted(污染)more
seriously.
6．I
don't
know
why
he
refused
to
attend
the
meeting
that
day.
7．Once
more
the
soldiers
attacked
and
once
more
they
were
defeated.
8．Don't
be
too
severe
on
her.After
all，she
is
only
four.
9．The
expert
cured
my
son
of
his
bad
habit
and
I
thanked
her.
10．He
concluded
from
the
evidence
that
she
had
stolen
the
money.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．announce
vt.
宣布；通告→announcement
n.
宣布；通告
2．instruct
vt.
命令；指示；教导→instruction
n.
命令；指示
3．conclude
vt.
&
vi.
结束；推断出→conclusion
n．结论；结束
4．science
n．科学→scientific
adj.
科学的→scientist
n．科学家
5．pollute
vt.
污染；弄脏→polluted
adj.
被污染的→pollution
n．污染；弄脏
[寻规律、巧记忆]
v.＋?ment→n.
A－B－C型不规则动词
announcement
宣布；通告excitement
兴奋；激动agreement
同意；协定
foresee—foresaw—foreseenhide—hid—hiddenwrite—wrote—written
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．put
forward
提出；推荐
2．draw
a
conclusion
得出结论
3．expose...to
使显露；暴露
4．mark...on...
在……上把……标出来
5．be
to
blame
该受责备；应负责
6．link...to...
将……和……联系或连接起来
7．look
into
调查
8．slow
down
减速；减缓
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．The
idea
you
put
forward
at
the
meeting
yesterday
is
more
practical
than
his.
2．The
public
want
to
know
who
is
to
blame
for
the
accident.
3．The
doctor
examined
the
patient
carefully
and
then
drew
a
conclusion.
4．The
police
promised
to
look
into
the
accident
as
soon
as
possible.
5．It
is
very
dangerous
for
patients
to
be
exposed
to
viruses
without
any
protection.
[寻规律、巧记忆]
put＋adv.→动词短语
v.＋...＋介词to→动词短语
put
forward
提出；推荐put
aside
搁在一边；储存put
down
写下；记下
expose...to...使显露；暴露link...to...将……和……联系或连接起来compare...to...把……比作……
背教材原句
记句式结构
仿写促落实
1.Neither
its
cause
nor
its
cure
was
understood.人们既不知道它的病源，也不知道它的治疗方法。
neither...nor...连接相同成分
Neither
Jim
nor
his
parents
have
seen
the
film.
吉姆和他的父母都没有看过这部电影。
2.So
many
thousands
of
terrified
people
died
every
time
there
was
an
outbreak.因此，每次暴发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人死去。
every
time引导时间状语从句
Every
time
we
see
something
new，we
wish
to
set
it
down
in
some
form
or
another.
每次看到一些新鲜的事物，我们都希望能够以某种形式记录下来。
3.In
two
particular
streets，the
cholera
outbreak
was
so
severe
that
more
than
500
people
died
in
ten
days.在两条特定的街上霍乱流行得很严重，以至于10天内就有500多人死亡。
so...that...引导结果状语从句
The
problem
is
so
difficult
that
few
students
can
work
it
out.
这道题目如此难以至于没有几个学生能做出来。
4.It
seemed
that
the
water
was
to
blame.看来水是罪魁祸首。
It
seemed
that...看起来/似乎……
One
year
had
gone，and
it
seemed
that
everything
happened
just
like
it
did
yesterday.
一年已经过去了，但一切都像是昨天发生的一样。
5.A
woman，who
had
moved
away
from
Broad
Street，liked
the
water
from
the
pump
so
much
that
she
had
it
delivered
to
her
house
every
day.有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜欢从那个水泵里抽上来的水，每天都要让人把水运到她家。
have＋宾语＋过去分词作宾补
He
had
to
stop
the
work
and
had
the
machine
repaired
yesterday.
昨天他不得不停下工作，请人修理机器。
6.To
prevent
this
from
happening
again，John
Snow
suggested
that
the
source
of
all
the
water
supplies
be
examined.为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰·斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。
suggest表示“建议”时，其后宾语从句中的谓语动词常常使用(should＋)动词原形。但表示“表明；暗示”时，不用虚拟语气。
My
deskmate's
sleepy
look
suggested
that
he
was
tired
of
his
study
and
I
suggested
he
(should)
have
a
rest.
我的同桌困倦的表情表明他学习累了，我建议他休息一下。
put
forward提出(意见、建议、观点等)；推荐；提前；把(时钟)往前拨
(教材P1)
Who
put
forward
a
theory
about
black
holes？谁提出了关于黑洞的理论？
写出下列各句中put
forward的含义
①The
suggestion
put
forward
by
the
teacher
is
available.
提出
②Can
I
put
you
forward
as
our
club
secretary？
提名；推荐
③Remember
to
put
your
clocks
forward
tonight.
拨快
④We've
put
the
date
of
their
wedding
forward
by
one
week.
提前
put
off
推迟；推脱；搪塞
put
away
存放；存储；把……收起来
put
out
熄灭；生产；公布；打扰
put
up
举起；张贴；建造；为……提供住宿
put
up
with
容忍；忍受
⑤Don't
put
off
till
tomorrow
what
can
be
done
today.
今日事今日毕。
⑥I'm
not
going
to
put
up
with
their
smoking
in
the
office
any
longer.
我再也不能容忍他们在办公室抽烟了。
⑦A
notice
was
put
up
in
order
to
remind
the
students
of
the
changed
lecture
time.
贴出了一张通知以提醒同学们讲座时间的变动。
conclusion
n．结论；结束
(教材P1)
Draw
a
conclusion得出结论
(1)draw/reach/come
to/arrive
at
a/the
conclusion
得出结论
in
conclusion
最后；总之；总而言之
(2)conclude
vt.
&
vi.
结束；推断出
conclude...from...
从……中推断出……
conclude
(from
sth.)
that...
(从某事中)推断出……；
(从某事中)断定……
conclude
sth.
with.../by
doing...
以……结束……
①We
will
have
a
further
discussion
before
we
draw
a
final
conclusion.
我们将作进一步的讨论，然后再得出最终结论。
②In
conclusion,
I
would
like
to
say
the
film
Born
in
China
is
worth
seeing.
总之，我想说，电影《我们诞生在中国》值得一看。
③She
concluded
her
performance
with
a
poem.
她以一首诗结束了她的表演。
④What
can
we
conclude
from
the
conversation?
我们从这个谈话中能推断出什么？
[名师点津]
除in
conclusion外，写作时还常常用到下面短语作为全文总结语：①in
short ②in
a
word ③in
brief ④all
in
all ⑤to
sum
up ⑥on
the
whole
defeat
vt.打败；战胜；使受挫 n.
失败
(教材P2)John
Snow
defeats
“King
Cholera”约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王”
①Know
the
enemy
and
know
yourself
and
you
can
fight
a
hundred
battles
with
no
danger
of
defeat.
知己知彼，百战不殆。
[明辨异同] win/beat/defeat
词语
意义
所跟宾语
win
赢得；获胜
比赛、奖品、奖金、名誉、财产、战争等。
beat
击败；战胜
竞争中的队伍或对手，或战争中的敌人等。
defeat
击败；战胜
通常接表示“人”或“团体”的名词或代词作宾语。既可以指在比赛中，也可以指在战场上战胜对手。
(win/beat/defeat)
②Yesterday，I
defeated/beat
John
at
chess.He
won
only
one
set，while
I
won
two
sets.昨天，我和约翰下棋，我赢了他，他只赢了一盘，而我赢了两盘。
attend
vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加
(教材P2)John
Snow
was
a
famous
doctor
in
London—so
expert，indeed，that
he
attended
Queen
Victoria
as
her
personal
physician.
约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人大夫。
attend
to
照料；处理；注意；专心
attend
on/upon
伺候；照顾
attend
school/church
去上学/做礼拜
attend
a
meeting/a
lecture
参加会议/听演讲
①All
children
between
the
ages
of
6－16
must
attend
school.
所有6～16岁的孩子必须上学。
②She
attended
(on/upon)
the
injured
policeman
day
and
night.她日夜照顾那位负伤的警察。
③As
a
saying
goes，“Do
not
attend
to
two
things
at
a
time.”正如名言所说，一心不可二用。
[图形助记]
attend是一个多义词，心向着某一地方为“注意；照顾；专心”，脚步向着某一地方为“出席；参加”。
expose
vt.
暴露；揭露；使曝光
(教材P2)
But
he
became
inspired
when
he
thought
about
helping
ordinary
people
exposed
to
cholera.
但当他一想到要帮助(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓，他就感到很振奋。
expose
sb./sth.
to
sb./sth.
暴露某人/某物给某人/某物
expose
oneself
to
使自己面临危险；使自己暴露于
be
exposed
to
暴露于；感染；遭受到
①I
tell
him
I
will
expose
him
to
the
police.
我告诉他我要到警察那里揭发他。
②We
want
to
expose
ourselves(us)
to
as
much
art
as
possible.
我们想让自己受到尽可能多的艺术熏陶。
③Being
exposed(expose)
to
strong
sunlight
will
do
harm
to
your
skin.
暴露在强光下会对你的皮肤有害。
[名师点津]
及物动词expose后若无宾语，则常常使用它的被动形式。
Though
he
exposed
himself
to
some
dangers，he
wanted
to
expose
the
official's
lawless
actions，which
he
took
photos
of.But
his
film
was
exposed.Even
so，the
official
exposed
his
panic.
虽然他置身于某些危险中，但是他还是想揭露这个官员的不法行为，他给这些行为拍了照。但是他的胶卷曝光了。即使这样，这个官员露出了恐惧。
absorb
vt.
吸收；吸引；吞并；使专心
(教材P2)
The
second
suggested
that
people
absorbed
this
disease
into
their
bodies
with
their
meals.第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。
absorb...into...
把……吸收进……
absorb
oneself
in...
全神贯注于……
be/get
absorbed
in
全神贯注于……；一心从事；热衷于
absorb
sb.'s
attention
吸引某人的注意
①Water
and
salts
are
absorbed
into
our
blood
stream.
水分和盐被吸收到我们的血液中。
②They
are
absorbing
themselves
in
the
experiment
in
the
lab.
他们正在实验室里专心做实验。
③Absorbed(absorb)
in
writing
a
letter，he
didn't
even
look
up
when
I
came
in.
他在聚精会神地写信，当我进来时他甚至都没有抬头。
[名师点津]
be
absorbed
in
(doing)
sth.结构在句中作状语、定语时，常用其过去分词形式absorbed
in...。类似的结构还有：
①be
lost
in...
陷入……；专心致志于……
②be
caught
in...
被困在……
③be
buried
in...
埋头于……
④be
devoted
to...
致力于……；专心于……
suspect
vt.
认为；怀疑 n.
被怀疑者；嫌疑犯
(教材P2)
John
Snow
suspected
that
the
second
theory
was
correct
but
he
needed
evidence.约翰·斯诺认为第二种说法是正确的，但他需要证据。
suspect
sb.
of
(doing)
sth.
怀疑某人(做)某事
suspect
sb.
to
be...
怀疑某人是……
①I
suspect
him
to
be
a
pickpocket.
我猜想他是个扒手。
②I
suspected
the
girl
of
lying
(lie)
to
us.
我怀疑这个女孩向我们撒谎了。
blame
vt.
责备；谴责 n.
过失；责备
(教材P2)
It
seemed
that
the
water
was
to
blame.看来水是罪魁祸首。
(1)be
to
blame
(for
sth.)
(对某事)负有责任，应受责备
blame
sb.
for
sth.
因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人
blame
sth.
on
sb./sth.
把某事归咎于某人/某事
(2)put/lay
the
blame
for
sth.
on
sb.
将某事归咎于某人
take
the
blame
for
sth.
对某事承担责任
①If
that
happens，the
coach
will
take
the
blame
for
it.
如果发生那样的事，教练将对此负责。
②You
shouldn't
blame
John
for
the
failure.
＝You
shouldn't
blame
the
failure
on
John.
你们不应该把这次失败归咎于约翰。
③You
are
not
to
blame
(blame)．I
can't
put
the
blame
on
you.
你不应该受到责备。我不能把责任推到你身上。
link
vt.
&
vi.
把……连起来；连接
n.
联系；连接物
(教材P3)
In
another
part
of
London，he
found
supporting
evidence
from
two
other
deaths
that
were
linked
to
the
Broad
Street
outbreak.
在伦敦的另一个地区，他从两个与宽街暴发的霍乱有关联的死亡病例中又发现了有力证据。
(1)link...to/with...
将……和……联系或连接起来
link
up
连接；结合
link
up
with...
与……联合；使与……衔接
(2)a
link
between
A
and
B
A与B之间的联系
①The
new
tunnel
links
Britain
to
France.
新的隧道把英法两国连接起来。
②The
two
spacecraft
will
link
up
with
each
other
in
orbit.
两艘宇宙飞船将于轨道上互相连接。
③The
island
is
linked(link)
to
the
mainland
by
a
new
bridge.
一座新桥将该岛与大陆相连。
[名师点津]
表达“把……与……联系/连接/混合”的短语集锦：
①join...to/and...把……与……连接起来
②connect...to/with/and...把……与……连接起来
③relate...to...把……和……联系起来
④combine...with...把……和……混合起来
announce
vt.宣布；宣告(决定，计划)等；发布；声称；通告
(教材P3)
With
this
extra
evidence
John
Snow
was
able
to
announce
with
certainty
that
polluted
water
carried
the
germs.有了这个额外的证据，约翰·斯诺就能够肯定地宣布，这种被污染了的水携带着病菌。
(1)announce
sth.
(to
sb.)
(向某人)宣布/通告某事
It
is
announced
that...
据宣布……
(2)announcement
n.
通知；通告
(3)announcer
n.
广播员，播音员
①He
announced
the
result
of
the
contest
to
the
competitors.
他向参赛者宣布竞赛结果。
②An
announcement(announce)
will
be
made
soon
on
the
bulletin
board.
通告将很快发布在布告栏上。
③At
the
end
of
the
meeting，it
was
announced(announce)that
an
agreement
had
been
reached.
会议最后宣布已达成一项协议。
The
announcer
made
an
announcement
that
all
the
details
should
be
announced
through
the
broadcast.
广播员宣布所有的细节都应通过广播公布出来。
[名师点津]
动词announce后不跟双宾语，表示“向某人宣布某事”时应该说announce
sth.to
sb.或announce
to
sb.sth.。类似用法的单词还有：suggest，explain，report，say等。
instruct
vt.命令，指示，教导
(教材P3)The
water
companies
were
instructed
not
to
expose
people
to
polluted
water
any
more.
供水公司得到指示，再也不能让人们接触被污染的水了。
(1)instruct
sb.to
do
sth.
命令某人做某事
instruct
sb.in(doing)
sth.
指导某人(做)某事
(2)instructive
adj.
指示性的；有教育意义的
instruction
n.
(常用复数形式)用法说明；
操作指南；指示；命令；讲授
①The
students
need
a
teacher
to
instruct
them
to
paint(paint)．
＝The
students
need
a
teacher
to
instruct
them
in
painting.
这些学生需要一位老师来指导他们绘画。
②Follow
the
instructions
(instruct)
on
the
packet
carefully.
仔细按照包装上的说明操作。
(教材P2)Neither
its
cause
nor
its
cure
was
understood.
人们既不知道它的病源，也不知道它的治疗方法。
(1)【要点提炼】
句中neither...nor...意为“
既不……也不……”，
可连接两个平行结构。
(1)neither...nor...连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于与谓语最近的主语；连接两个分句时，两个分句都需倒装。
(2)同neither...nor...一样符合“就近原则”，连接并列成分的连词还有：either...or...，not
only...but
also...，not...but...等。
①It
is
neither
too
hot
nor
too
cold
in
winter
here.
这里冬天既不太热也不太冷。
②Neither
do
I
want
to
know
it;
nor
do
I
care
about
it.
我既不想知道这件事，也不关心这件事。
③Neither
my
parents
nor
my
sister
likes(like)
swimming.
我父母和我妹妹都不喜欢游泳。
④Either
he
or
I
am(be)
to
be
invited
to
speak
in
the
hall.
要么是他要么是我将会被邀请去大厅演讲。
(教材P2)So
many
thousands
of
terrified
people
died
every
time
there
was
an
outbreak.
因此，每次暴发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人死去。
【要点提炼】 every
time用作连词，意为“每次……”，引导时间状语从句。
有些名词词组可作连词，引导时间状语从句：
(1)the
first
time第一次，the
last
time上一次，next
time下一次，each
time每一次
(2)the
moment，the
minute，the
instant，the
second一……就……
(3)the
day……的那天，the
month……的那月，the
year……的那年
①I
recognized
you
the
instant
I
saw
you.
我一见到你就认出了你。
②Something
is
learned
every
time
a
book
is
opened(open)．
[谚语]开卷有益。
③Be
sure
to
call
on
us
next
time
you
come.
你下次来时一定来看我们。
④The
first
time
you
take
part
in
a
race，it
is
very
normal
to
feel
tense.
第一次参加比赛时，你感到紧张是很正常的。
(教材P2)In
two
particular
streets，the
cholera
outbreak
was
so
severe
that
more
than
500
people
died
in
ten
days.
在两条特定的街上霍乱流行得很严重，以至于10天内就有500多人死亡。
【要点提炼】 so...that...在句中引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。so...that...中的so是副词，修饰形容词或副词。
?1?
so＋
?2?
such＋
①It's
such
nice
weather
that
I'd
like
to
take
a
walk.
天气如此好，我想去散步。
②Usually，it's
so
crowded
on
the
bus
that
I
can't
find
anywhere
to
sit.
通常，公交车上太拥挤了，我找不到坐的地方。
③He
has
made
such
great
progress
that
the
teachers
are
pleased
with
him.
他进步得很快，老师们对他感到很满意。
④This
is
such
an
interesting
book
that
we
all
enjoy
reading
it.
＝This
is
so
interesting
a
book
that
we
all
enjoy
reading
it.
这本书非常有趣，我们都喜欢看。
[名师点津]
当so或such位于句首时，主句应用部分倒装形式。
So
difficult
is
the
article
that
I
can
hardly
understand
it.
这篇文章太难了，我几乎读不懂。
Such
a
noise
was
there
that
I
couldn't
work
in
the
room.
房间里噪音那么大以至于我不能工作了。
1．(教材P2)He
became
interested
in
two
theories
that
possibly
explained
how
cholera
killed
people.
【分析】 句中that引导一个限制性定语从句，修饰先行词two
theories；在定语从句中how引导一个宾语从句。
【翻译】 对于霍乱是如何致人死亡的，当时有两种相对合理的理论，斯诺对这两种理论比较感兴趣。
2．(教材P2)John
Snow
suspected
that
the
second
theory
was
correct
but
he
needed
evidence.
【分析】 句中that引导一个宾语从句；主句是由but连接的并列复合句。
【翻译】 约翰·斯诺认为第二种说法是正确的，但他需要证据。
3．(教材P3)
A
woman，who
had
moved
away
from
Broad
Street，liked
the
water
from
the
pump
so
much
that
she
had
it
delivered
to
her
house
every
day.
【分析】 句中who
引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词A
woman。“so...that...如此……以至于……”引导的是结果状语从句，从句中的过去分词delivered为had的宾语补足语。
【翻译】 有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜欢从那个水泵里抽上来的水，每天都要让人把水运到她家。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He
made
his
announcement(announce)after
he
talked
with
the
president.
2．This
disease
is
a
hot
topic
linked
(link)
to
the
pollution
there.
3．The
girl
was
sad，for
she
was
defeated
(defeat)
by
her
partner
again.
4．The
scientists
attending
(attend)
the
meeting
are
from
different
countries.
5．She
tried
not
to
make
her
children
exposed
(expose)
to
such
culture.
6．Could
you
tell
me
who
put
forward
the
good
suggestion
yesterday?
7．Absorbed
(absorb)
in
his
research，the
man
didn't
go
home
last
Sunday.
8．It
is
the
driver，rather
than
the
passengers
that
is
to
blame
(blame)
for
it.
9．After
a
heated
discussion，they
failed
to
arrive
at
a
conclusion
(conclude)．
10．As
a
matter
of
fact，neither
I
nor
he
was
(be)
wrong.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1．The
doctor
devoted
himself
to
looking
for
cure
for
the
disease.
cure前加a
2．As
far
as
I'm
concerned，raising
these
children
is
a
challenge
job.
challenge→challenging
3．He
suggested
that
we
sat
down
to
work
out
a
practical
suggestion.
sat→sit
4．Please
make
a
mark
in
the
place
which
you
meet
with
some
new
words.
which→where
5．The
first
textbook
was
written
for
teaching
English
as
a
foreign
language
came
out
in
the
16th
century.
去掉was
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．在公司，涨薪与表现相关。
In
the
company，pay
increases
are
linked
to
performance.
2．老师们应该让学生尽可能多地接触真实的生活环境。
Teachers
should
expose
the
students
to
as
many
real
life
situations
as
possible.
3．据宣布，假期将从下周一开始。
It
was
announced
that
the
holidays
could
begin
next
Monday.
4．我入神地看这本书，结果忘记了时间。
I
was
so
absorbed
in
the
book
that
I
forgot
the
time.
5．每次看到这些图片，我就会想起我的学校生活。
Every
time
I
saw
the
pictures，I
was
reminded
of
my
school
life.
PAGE
-
1
-(共25张PPT)
Unit
1 Great
scientists
Section
Ⅲ Grammar
过去分词作定语和表语
定语
之前
定语
之后
定语
表语
invited
standing
blown
frightened
frightened
frightening
exciting
excited
encouraged
encouraging
moved
moving
satisfied
seated
being
sold
to
be
completed
damaged
discouraging
discouraged
calling
locked
referred
covered
fallen
parking→parked
tiring→tired
taking→taken
growing→grown
interested→interesting
Thank
you
for
watching
!
答宥Section
Ⅲ
Grammar过去分词作定语和表语
语
境
自
主
领
悟
先观察原句
后自主感悟
1.From
the
stomach
the
disease
quickly
attacked
the
body
and
soon
the
affected
person
died.2.So
many
thousands
of
terrified
people
died
every
time
there
was
an
outbreak.3.He
found
that
it
came
from
the
river
polluted
by
the
dirty
water
from
London.4.But
he
became
inspired
when
he
thought
about
helping
ordinary
people
exposed
to
cholera.
1.例句1和例句2中的affected和terrified为单个的过去分词作定语，一般放在被修饰词语之前。2.例句3和例句4中的polluted
by
the
dirty
water
from
London和exposed
to
cholera为过去分词短语作定语，须放在被修饰词语之后，功能相当于一个定语从句。3.例句4中的inspired为过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的状态和特征。
一、过去分词作定语
1．意义
及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成。
(1)表示被动和完成
a
polluted
river一条被污染的河流
the
watered
flowers浇过水的花
(2)只表示完成，不表示被动
fallen
leaves落叶
the
risen
sun升起的太阳
2．位置
单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在所修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。
A
watched
pot
never
boils.
[谚语]心急锅不开。
The
student
dressed
in
white
is
my
daughter.
＝The
student
who
is
dressed
in
white
is
my
daughter.
穿白色衣服的那个学生是我女儿。
3．过去分词与现在分词与作定语的区别
现在分词作定语表主动或进行；过去分词作定语时则表被动或完成。
意义形式
语态
时态
过去分词
被动
完成
现在分词
主动
进行
As
we
all
know，China
is
a
developing
country，while
America
is
a
developed
country.众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家，而美国是一个发达国家。
Do
you
know
the
boy
lying
under
the
big
tree?
你认识躺在大树底下的那个男孩吗？
4．三种非谓语形式作定语所表示的内涵：
done
被动的动作已经完成
being
done
被动的动作正在发生
to
be
done
被动的动作将要发生
The
meeting
held
yesterday
is
very
important.
昨天开的会很重要。
All
the
members
of
the
team
have
attended
the
meeting
being
held.
所有的队员都出席了正在举行的会议。
It
is
said
that
there
is
a
meeting
to
be
held
in
the
hall
tomorrow.
据说明天这个大厅有个会议要举行。
[即时演练1]用所给动词的正确形式填空
①Some
of
the
people
invited
(invite)
to
the
party
can't
come.
②The
room
is
empty
except
for
a
bookshelf
standing
(stand)
in
one
corner.
③The
trees
blown
(blow)
down
in
the
storm
have
been
moved
off
the
road.
二、过去分词作表语
1．意义
位于系动词(如be，get，become，look，feel，seem等)之后，多表示主语的状态或状况，它所体现的是形容词的特性。
She
looks
disappointed.
她看上去很失望。
We
were
encouraged
at
the
news.
听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。
2．过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别
过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态，而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。
The
cup
is
broken.
杯子破了。(系表结构)
The
cup
was
broken
by
Tom.
杯子是被汤姆打破的。(被动语态)
3．过去分词与现在分词作表语的区别
过去分词
表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常译作“感到……的”
现在分词
表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人……的”
They
became
so
worried
that
they
stayed
awake
all
night.
他们变得如此担心，以至于一整晚都没有睡觉。
The
situation
became
so
worrying
that
something
should
be
done
at
once.
形势变得令人担忧，应该立刻采取措施。
[即时演练2]用所给动词的正确形式填空
①The
frightened
look
on
her
face
suggested
that
she
was
frightened
by
the
frightening
scene.(frighten)
②The
news
was
exciting
and
they
were
all
excited
at
it.(excite)
③We
all
felt
encouraged
at
the
encouraging
news.(encourage)
④The
audience
were
all
moved
to
tears
by
the
moving
film.(move)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Both
he
and
I
are
satisfied
(satisfy)
with
the
result.
2．This
is
the
statue
of
a
brave
soldier
seated
(seat)
on
a
horse，with
a
gun
on
his
back.
3．The
cars
being
sold
(sell)
at
the
market
now
are
made
in
Shanghai.
4．The
airport
to
be
completed
(complete)
next
year
will
help
promote
tourism
in
this
area.
5．The
police
will
come
soon
to
take
away
the
damaged
(damage)
car.
6．His
words
are
discouraging，which
made
many
people
discouraged.
(discourage)
7．George
telephoned
a
man
calling
(call)
himself
Peter.
8．When
I
got
home，I
found
that
the
door
remained
locked(lock)．
9．I
think
the
problem
just
now
referred(refer)
to
is
an
important
one.
10．When
autumn
comes，the
ground
is
covered(cover)
with
fallen(fall)
leaves.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1．There
is
a
car
parking
outside
the
house.
parking→parked
2．I
am
awfully
tiring，but
I
know
I'll
never
fall
asleep.
tiring→tired
3．I
also
shared
with
my
friends
many
photos
taking
in
Beijing.taking→taken
4．For
breakfast
he
only
drinks
juice
from
fresh
fruit
growing
on
his
own
farm.
growing→grown
5．Therefore，I
told
them
interested
stories
and
how
I
was
enjoying
Brazil.
interested→interesting
PAGE
-
1
-(共57张PPT)
Unit
1 Great
scientists
Section
Ⅳ Using
Language
when
that
to
be
tried
calculations
fixed
movement
made
his
are
built
rejected
positive
spun
contributed
cautious
universe
movement
construct
construction
enthusiastic
from
with
sense
to
to
leading
to
makes
sense
apart
from
contribute
to
can
you
achieve
your
goal
saying
nothing
about
the
argument
with
her
daughter
going
with
her
under
are
constructing
construction
contribution
solving
contributes
contributing
contributes
Apart
from/Besides
except
for/apart
from
except
except
of
buying
cautiously
to
drive
caution
Cautiously
caution
can
he
have
enough
money
had
come
were
to
do
helping
arguing
to
permitting
from
had
taken
was
rejected
construction
to
answer
creative
with
in
that
led/contributed
to
the
accident
was
the
computer
repaired
There
is
no
sense
in
making
is
cautious
of/about
with
the
wind
blowing
Thank
you
for
watching
!Section
Ⅳ
Using
Language
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P7教材课文，选择最佳答案/匹配段落大意
1．What's
the
main
idea
of
the
text?
A．Copernicus'
revolutionary
theory
and
his
contribution
to
the
field
of
astronomy.
B．The
earth
was
not
the
centre
of
the
solar
system.
C．The
history
of
astronomy.
D．Copernicus—a
great
scientist.
2．(1)Para.1
A．New
observations
didn't
agree
with
the
old
theory
about
the
earth.
(2)Para.2
B．Copernicus'
theory
is
the
basis
of
modern
science
about
the
universe.
(3)Para.3
C．Copernicus
was
puzzled
as
he
found
the
earth
was
not
the
centre
of
the
solar
system.
(4)Para.4
D．Copernicus'
new
theory
that
the
sun
was
the
centre
could
explain
all
the
phenomena.
(5)Para.5
E．Copernicus
improved
his
theory
by
collecting
observations
and
using
his
mathematical
knowledge.
[答案] 1.A 2.(1)－(5)CAEDB
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P7教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．Copernicus
felt
confused
and
frightened，because
.
A．his
conclusion
was
against
that
of
the
Christian
Church
B．his
calculations
were
wrong
C．his
findings
were
for
the
Christian
Church
D．he
failed
to
prove
his
theory
2．The
theory
that
the
earth
was
the
centre
of
the
universe
couldn't
explain
that
.
A．God
had
made
the
world
B．all
the
planets
moved
around
the
earth
C．some
planets
appeared
brighter
at
times
and
less
bright
at
others
D．the
Christian
Church
was
powerful
3．It
was
obvious
that
Copernicus
reached
his
conclusion
by
.
A．reasoning
and
imagination
B．observation
and
calculation
C．observation
and
imagination
D．calculation
and
imagination
4．What's
the
Christian
Church's
attitude
towards
Copernicus'
theory?
A．The
Christian
Church
objected
to
his
theory.
B．The
Christian
Church
was
in
favour
of
his
theory.
C．The
Christian
Church
paid
much
attention
to
his
theory.
D．The
Christian
Church
thought
highly
of
his
theory.
5．Why
does
the
writer
say
that
it
was
right
for
Copernicus
to
be
careful?
A．Because
the
Christian
Church
would
have
attacked
him
if
he
had
published
his
ideas.
B．Because
science
needs
one's
caution
and
carefulness.
C．Because
Copernicus
needed
further
proofs
before
he
announced
his
theories.
D．Because
none
of
the
people
of
his
time
would
have
believed
in
his
ideas.
[答案] 1－5 ACBAA
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P7教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
There
was
a
time
1.when
the
powerful
Christian
Church
believed
God
had
made
the
world.It
was
because
of
that
reason
2.that
the
earth
was
thought
3.to
be(be)
the
centre
of
the
solar
system.Copernicus
had
thought
long
and
hard
about
it
and
4.tried(try)
to
find
an
answer.However，all
his
mathematical
5.calculations(calculation)
led
to
the
same
conclusion
that
the
earth
was
not
the
centre
of
the
solar
system.When
he
placed
a
6.fixed(fix)
sun
at
the
centre
of
the
solar
system，the
7.movement(move)
of
the
other
planets
8.made(make)
sense.The
Christian
Church
rejected
9.his(he)
theory.But
his
theory
is
now
the
basis
on
which
all
our
ideas
of
the
universe
10.are
built(build).
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．They
have
worked
wonders
with
kids
that
other
schools
had
rejected
(拒绝)．
2．I
believe
that
the
Internet
has
positive
(积极的)
effects
on
our
lives.
3．The
engine
stopped.The
boat
spun
(旋转)
like
a
top
and
a
huge
wave
came
at
me.
4．His
research
has
contributed
greatly
to
our
understanding
of
this
disease.
5．You
must
be
cautious
while
you
are
visiting
in
a
zoo，for
some
animals
are
fierce!
6．The
boy
stared
at
the
sky，wondering
how
the
universe
came
into
being.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．move
v.
移动，搬动→movement
n.
移动；运动；动作
2．construct
vt.
建设；修建→construction
n.
建设；建筑物
3．enthusiastic
adj.
热情的；热心的→enthusiasm
n.
热心；热情
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．apart
from
除……之外；此外
2．(be)
strict
with...
对……严格的
3．make
sense
讲得通；有意义
4．lead
to
通向；导致
5．contribute
to
有助于；捐献；对……起作用；促成
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．Higher
wages
drive
up
the
cost
of
production，leading
to
higher
prices.
2．I
really
think
his
reason
for
doing
it
makes
sense.
3．Which
books
will
you
borrow，apart
from
this
one?
4．Does
smoking
contribute
to
lung
cancer?
背教材原句
记句式结构
仿写促落实
1.Only
if
you
put
the
sun
there
did
the
movements
of
the
other
planets
in
the
sky
make
sense.
只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。
only
if...置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装
Only
if
you
work
hard
can
you
achieve
your
goal.
只有努力学习，你才能实现目标。
2.So
between
1510
and
1514
he
worked
on
it，gradually
improving
his
theory
until
he
felt
it
was
complete.
于是，他在1510年至1514年期间从事这项研究，逐步修改他的理论，直到他感到完善时为止。
现在分词作伴随状语
Sarah
pretended
to
be
cheerful，saying
nothing
about
the
argument.莎拉假装很兴奋，对争吵的事一字未提。
3.He
placed
a
fixed
sun
at
the
centre
of
the
solar
system
with
the
planets
going
round
it
and
only
the
moon
still
going
round
the
earth.他把固定的太阳放在太阳系的中心，别的行星都围绕太阳转动，只有月亮仍然围绕地球转动。
with复合结构作伴随状语
She
went
shopping
with
her
daughter
going
with
her.
在女儿的陪同下，她去购物了。
construction
n.
结构；建设；建筑物；解释；意义
(教材P4)Look
at
these
simple
verbs
and
make
another
construction
using
make＋a＋noun.
看这些简单的动词，并用“make＋a＋名词”构成另一个结构。
(1)(be)
under
construction
正在建设中；在施工
(2)construct
vt.
建筑；建设；修建；组成
(3)constructive
adj.
建设性的；有助于的；积极的
(4)constructor
n.
建筑者；制造者
①It's
dangerous
to
get
close
to
the
building
under
construction.
靠近正在建设中的大楼是有危险的。
②The
new
airport
being
constructed
lies
in
the
east
of
the
city.正在修建的新机场位于该市东部。
The
workers
are
constructing
the
bridge
damaged
by
the
flood，and
the
bridge
under
construction
connects
the
road
with
the
town.
工人们正在建造被洪水毁坏的那座桥，这座正在建设中的桥与通向城镇的道路相连。
contribute
vt.
&
vi.捐献；贡献；捐助；导致；投稿；发表意见
(教材P4)to
contribute捐献；投稿
(1)contribute...to...
把……贡献给……
contribute
to
促进；有助于；发表意见
(2)contribution
n.
捐献；贡献；捐助；稿件
make
a
contribution
to
sth.
对……有贡献/给……捐助
①Many
warm?hearted
people
contributed
some
money
to
the
sick
girl.
许多热心肠的人为那个生病的女孩捐献了一些钱。
②He
made
an
outstanding
contribution(contribute)
to
science.
他对科学做出了杰出的贡献。
③I'm
sure
your
suggestion
will
contribute
to
solving(solve)
the
problem.
我相信你的建议一定有助于问题的解决。
The
writer
contributes
most
of
the
money，which
she
earns
by
contributing
articles
to
some
newspapers，to
some
poor
children.She
thinks
it
contributes
to
the
children's
health
and
education.
这位作家把自己给一些报纸写稿挣的大部分钱捐给了一些穷孩子。她认为这有助于这些孩子的健康和教育。
apart
from除……之外；此外
(教材P4)
Apart
from
the
construction
mentioned
above，you
have
also
learned
the
following
phrases.
除了上面提到的结构，你们还学过以下的一些短语。
[明辨异同] besides/except/apart
from/except
for
besides
除……还有，除去的部分包括在内，表示在整体中加上一部分。相当于in
addition
to/as
well
as。
except
除……没有，除去的部分不包括在内，表示在整体中减去一部分。
apart
from
有多重含义，既可表示besides，也可表示except或except
for，其前常加逗号或置于句首。
except
for
除去个别，整体还可以，强调“美中不足”之意。
(apart
from/besides/except/except
for)
①Apart
from/Besides
their
house
in
London，they
also
have
a
villa
in
Spain.
②Everything
was
perfect
except
for/apart
from
the
weather.
③I
don't
know
much
about
the
man
except
that
he's
a
fool.
④The
shop
is
open
every
day
except
on
Sundays.
make
sense有意义，讲得通，有道路
(教材P7)Only
if
you
put
the
sun
there
did
the
movements
of
the
other
planets
in
the
sky
make
sense.
只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。
make
sense
of...
弄懂……的意思
make
no
sense
无意义
in
a
sense
在某种意义上
in
no
sense
决不；决非(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)
there's
no
sense
in
doing
sth.
做某事是没有道理/作用的
a
sense
of
humor/direction...
幽默感/方向感……
①Read
this
sentence
carefully
to
see
if
it
makes
sense.
仔细阅读一下这个句子，看是否能讲的通。
②Planning
so
far
ahead
makes
no
sense—so
many
things
will
change.那么早计划是没有意义的——那么多事情会发生变化。
③I
can't
make
sense
of
this
poem，but
perhaps
I
will
if
I
read
it
again.
我弄不懂这首诗的含义，但再读一遍我或许就能明白了。
④There's
no
sense
in
buying(buy)that
expensive
coat
when
these
cheaper
ones
are
just
as
good.
没必要买那么贵的大衣，这些便宜点的也很好。
[名师点津]
make
sense的主语常是“物”，而make
sense
of
的主语常是“人”。
cautious
adj.十分小心的；谨慎的
(教材P7)His
friends
were
enthusiastic
and
encouraged
him
to
publish
his
ideas，but
Copernicus
was
cautious.他的朋友们都很热心并鼓励他发表他的理论，但是哥白尼很谨慎。
(1)be
cautious
about/of
对……谨慎
be
cautious
(not)
to
do...
小心(别)做……
(2)cautiously
adv.
小心地；谨慎地
(3)caution
n.
小心；谨慎
with
caution
小心翼翼地
①She
is
very
cautious
of/about
hurting
his
feelings.
她小心翼翼免得伤害他的感情。
②He
always
drives
cautiously(cautious)．＝
He
is
always
cautious
to
drive
(drive)．＝He
always
drives
with
caution(cautious)．
他开车一直很小心。
Cautiously，she
drove
her
car
to
the
main
road.Because
of
the
crowd，she
drove
all
the
way
with
great
caution.
她小心翼翼地把车开到主路上。因为太拥挤，她一路上都开得很小心。
(教材P7)
Only
if
you
put
the
sun
there
did
the
movements
of
the
other
planets
in
the
sky
make
sense.
只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。
【要点提炼】 本句是一个由only修饰状语从句放在句首时引起的部分倒装句。
(1)
only
if
“只有，只要”，通常引导陈述语气的真实条件句。
(2)
only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装，即把句子谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词be放在主语之前。
(3)
if
only“要是……，但愿……”，后要用虚拟语气。用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反的情况；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的情况；用would/could
do表示与将来事实相反的情况。
①Only
then
did
I
realize
that
I
was
wrong.
只有到那时我才意识到我错了。
②Only
in
this
way
can
you
work
out
the
problem.
只有这样，你才能算出这道题来。
③Only
if
he
gets
a
job
can
he
have
enough
money
to
continue
his
studies
at
college.
他只有找到工作才能有足够的钱来继续他大学的学业。
④If
only
I
had
come(come)
here
earlier.
要是我早点来就好啦。
⑤If
only
I
were(be)
a
famous
film
star!
要是我是个著名的电影明星就好了！
[名师点津]
如果only修饰的不是状语，即使放在句首主句也不倒装。
Only
she
can
do
it
well，for
she
is
more
experienced.只有她才能把它做好，因为她更有经验。
(教材P7)
He
placed
a
fixed
sun
at
the
centre
of
the
solar
system
with
the
planets
going
round
it
and
only
the
moon
still
going
round
the
earth.他把固定的太阳放在太阳系的中心，别的行星都围绕太阳转动，只有月亮仍然围绕地球转动。
【要点提炼】 “with
the
planets
going
round
it
and
only
the
moon
still
going
round
the
earth”为介词with的复合结构，在句中作伴随状语。
with复合结构由“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”组成，常在句中作状语，表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等，也可作定语。其构成有下列几种情形：
with＋名词?或代词?＋
①With
prices
going
up
so
fast，we
can't
afford
luxuries.
由于物价上涨很快，我们买不起奢侈品。
②With
so
many
people
absent，the
meeting
has
to
be
postponed.
既然这么多人没有来，会议只好延期了。
③With
a
lot
of
work
to
do(do)，he
wasn't
allowed
to
go
out.因为有很多工作要做，他没有被允许外出。
④With
his
mother
helping(help)
him，he
is
getting
along
well
with
his
work.
有他母亲的帮助，他工作进展很顺利。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．There
is
no
sense
in
arguing
(argue)
with
her.
2．I
believe
each
of
us
can
contribute
to
the
future
of
the
world.
3．With
time
permitting
(permit)，we'll
go
to
visit
the
Great
Wall.
4．Apart
from
the
bad
weather，we
had
a
good
time
there.
5．If
only
I
had
taken
(take)
his
advice
at
that
time!
6．His
new
suggestion
was
rejected
(reject)，which
made
him
angry.
7．A
lot
of
money
has
been
spent
on
the
construction
(construct)
of
the
bridge.
8．With
so
many
e?mails
to
answer
(answer)，she
has
no
time
to
rest.
9．The
scientist
is
creative(create)in
his
field.
10．The
boss
of
Microsoft
is
very
strict
with
the
staff，so
everyone
in
the
company
has
to
be
completely
strict
in
their
work.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．正是他的粗心大意造成了这次事故。
It
was
his
carelessness
that
led/contributed
to
the
accident.
2．我的朋友来了之后，电脑才修好。
Only
after
my
friend
came
was
the
computer
repaired.
3．让孩子那样受苦没有道理。
There
is
no
sense
in
making
a
child
suffer
like
that.
4．老板对承诺持谨慎态度。
The
boss
is
cautious
of/about
making
promises.
5．因为有风，天气更冷了。
The
weather
was
even
colder
with
the
wind
blowing.
PAGE
-
1
-(共21张PPT)
Unit
1 Great
scientists
Section
Ⅴ Guided
Writing
劝说信
positive
be
absorbed
in
contribute
to
draw
a
conclusion
put
forward
have
been
absorbed
in
have
no
time
for
is
spent
on
is
wasted
keep
on
studying
feel
bad
so
absorbed
in
study
that
spent
on
exercise
Only
when
you
have
a
strong
body
can
you
without
feeling
bad
Thank
you
for
watching
!
答宥Section
Ⅴ
Guided
Writing劝说信
[文体指导]
劝说信写作目的是向某个组织或个人提出劝说性的建议的一种应用文体。
在写作过程中，要以合理的语气和口吻为基调，用有说服力的素材来支撑自己的观点，以说明阐述为主，以理动人，以理服人。我们可以通过以下三个部分来进行写作：
第一部分：引入。写信人首先需要简要说明写信的主要目的。
第二部分：阐述。这是劝说信的主体和核心部分。写信人需要在这个部分有条理地列出自己的理由。理由要力求客观、真实、有说服力，要重点突出、层次分明。同时，要注意适当提高语言的力度，发挥语言的功力，以更好地展现自己的观点。
第三部分：总结。这部分应该注意语言的简练和冲击力，切忌冗杂拖拉的表达。
写作中要注意下列几点：
1．话题的提出要开门见山，不要拖泥带水；
2．观点必须鲜明，不能模棱两可；
3．论据要条理清楚，语言应准确、精炼；
4．主体时态多用一般现在时；
5．尽量避免同一单词、句型的重复使用，多采用同义词、相似结构以使表达多样化。
[亮点句式]
(一)
引入
1．I'm
sorry
to
hear/learn
that
you
are
so
crazy
about...that...
2．In
my
opinion，it
is
wrong
to...
3．I
don't
think
it
is
a
very
good
way
to...
4．Thank
you
for
your
letter
asking
me
about...
5．I'm
writing
to
persuade
you
to
quit/give
up...
(二)
阐述
1．Here
are
my
reasons.First
of
all，I
think
it
would
be
better
if...
2．The
reasons
for...are
as
follows.First，...Second，...Last
but
not
least，...
3．On
the
one
hand，...;
on
the
other
hand，...
4．The
reason
for...is
that...
5．No
one
can
ignore
the
fact
that...
6．If
I
were
you，I
would...
(三)
总结
1．In
short.../In
conclusion...
2．All
things
considered...
3．As
far
as
I'm
concerned，...
4．From
what
has
been
discussed
above，...
5．Please
take
my
advice
into
consideration
and
make
a
final
decision.
[写作任务]
假如你是高二学生李华，你的一个在外地读书的同学张力给你写信，向你诉说他最近因为身体不好而影响了学习，并且坦言自己平时学习忙，很少锻炼。请根据这一情况给张力写一封说服信，鼓励他积极锻炼身体，从而为更好地学习打下基础。
注意：1.词数100左右，信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
2．尽可能运用本单元所学的词汇、句型和语法。
Dear
Zhang
Li，
I
am
sorry
to
hear
that
you
have
been
ill
for
days
and
hope
you
have
got
better
now.
Sincerely
yours，
Li
Hua
[审题谋篇]
体裁
劝说信
时态
以一般现在时为主
主题
为更好地学习，要积极锻炼身体
人称
以第一人称为主
结构
第一段：引入，点明最近身体不好的原因所在，表明自己的观点。第二段：阐述，说明错误观点及其锻炼的好处，并提供具体做法。第三段：总结，重申自己的观点。
[遣词造句]
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1．positive
积极的
2．be
absorbed
in
全神贯注于
3．contribute
to
有助于
4．draw
a
conclusion
得出结论
5．put
forward
提出
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
(一)完成句子
1．你一直全神贯注于学习。
You
have
been
absorbed
in
study.
2．结果，你没有时间锻炼身体。
As
a
result，you
have
no
time
for
exercise.
3．这些时间被花费在锻炼上。
The
time
is
spent
on
exercise.
4．你可能会认为这些时间被浪费了。
You
may
think
the
time
is
wasted.
5．当你有了强健的体魄时，才能继续你的学习。
When
you
have
a
strong
body，you
can
keep
on
studying.
6．你不会感到任何的不舒服。
You
won't
feel
bad.
(二)
句式升级
7．用so...that...合并句子1、2
You
have
been
so
absorbed
in
study
that
you
have
no
time
for
exercise.
8．用过去分词短语作后置定语合并句子3、4
You
may
think
that
time
spent
on
exercise
is
wasted.
9．用only修饰状语从句和介词without合并句子5、6
Only
when
you
have
a
strong
body
can
you
keep
on
studying
without
feeling
bad.
[妙笔成篇]
【参考范文】
Dear
Zhang
Li，
I
am
sorry
to
hear
that
you
have
been
ill
for
days
and
hope
you
have
got
better
now.
You
have
been
so
absorbed
in
study
that
you
have
no
time
for
exercise，which
is
really
harmful
to
your
health.I
feel
it
would
be
more
beneficial
to
your
health
if
you
have
a
positive
attitude
to
exercise
in
future.
You
may
draw
a
conclusion
that
time
spent
on
exercise
is
wasted.In
fact，exercise
can
contribute
to
your
health
a
lot.Only
when
you
have
a
strong
body
can
you
keep
on
studying
without
feeling
bad.So
I
put
forward
a
suggestion
that
you
take
at
least
one
hour's
exercise
every
day
from
now
on.
In
short，as
long
as
you
exercise
more，you
will
surely
have
a
stronger
body.
Sincerely
yours，
Li
Hua
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