高考语法考点突破3：名词性从句（含解析）

高考语法考点3
名词性从句
【语法精讲】
考点一
　　　　　　主语从句
一、that引导的主语从句
1．that引导主语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，也没有词汇意义，但一般不可省略。
◆That
the
earth
goes
around
the
sun
is
known
to
us
all.
众所周知，地球围着太阳转。
2．that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，that不可省略。常见句式主要有以下几种：
(1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)＋that从句
(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a
pity/a
shame/no
wonder等)＋that从句
(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported等)＋that从句
(4)It＋不及物动词(seem,
appear,
happen,
matter等)＋that从句
◆(湖北卷)It
occurred
to
him
that
he
had
an
important
conference
to
attend
the
next
morning.
他突然想到，第二天上午他有重要的会议要参加。
在“It＋be＋suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required...＋that从句”结构中，从句谓语应用“(should＋)动词原形”。　
二、whether/if引导的主语从句
主语从句位于主句谓语动作前，表示“是否”，只能用whether。若用it作形式主语，则whether与if可互换。
◆It’s
uncertain
whether/if
he’ll
come
this
evening.
他今天晚上是否会来还不确定。
◆(安徽卷)The
limits
of
a
person’s
intelligence,
generally
speaking,
are
fixed
at
birth,
but
whether
he
reaches
these
limits
will
depend
on
his
environment.
通常来说，一个人智力上的极限从一出生就确定了，但他是否能够达到极限取决于他所处的环境。
三、wh?类连接词引导的主语从句
wh?类连接词包括连接代词(who,
whom,
whose,
what,
whoever,
whomever,
whatever等)和连接副词(when,
where,
why,
whenever,
wherever等)。连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语，连接副词在从句中作状语。其语序为wh?类连接词加陈述句。
◆(2016·北京卷)Your
support
is
important
to
our
work.
Whatever
you
can
do
helps.
你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事情都会有所帮助。
◆(北京卷)What
Barbara
Jones
offers
to
her
fans
is
honesty
and
happiness.
芭芭拉·琼斯展现给她的粉丝们的是诚实和快乐。
◆(江苏卷)Where
Li
Bai,
a
great
Chinese
poet,
was
born
is
known
to
the
public,
but
some
won’t
accept
it.
中国伟大的诗人李白出生的地方人人皆知，但是有些人还不认可。
[对点演练]——单句语法填空
1．(重庆卷)To
show
our
respect,
we
usually
have
to
take
our
gloves
off
whoever/whomever
we
are
to
shake
hands
with.
2．(2019·山东济南一中月考)It
is
said
that
he
is
focusing
on
a
book
on
space
exploration.
But
when
it
will
come
out
remains
in
the
air.
考点二
　　　　　　宾语从句
宾语从句位于及物动词、动词短语或介词之后。引导词有三类：从属连词只起连接作用，不作句子成分，that无词义，whether,
if意为“是否”；连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；连接副词在从句中只作状语。
一、that引导的宾语从句
that引导宾语从句时无词义，在从句中不作成分，口语中一般可以省略，但下列情况下不能省略：
1．当that在从句中作介词的宾语时。
◆I
don’t
know
exactly
where
he
lives,
except
that
it’s
somewhere
out
in
the
wilds.
他住在哪里我不很清楚，只知道是在远离城市的荒野之中。
2．动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略，从第二个从句开始that不可省略。
◆He
told
me
(that)
he
had
to
leave
and
that
he
would
be
back
soon.
他告诉我他得离开并且很快就会回来。
3．it作形式宾语的宾语从句。
(1)动词find/feel/think/consider/make＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋that从句
(2)动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy＋it＋that从句
(3)短语动词see
to/depend
on/rely
on＋it＋that从句
(4)固定搭配take
it
for
granted/owe
it
to
sb.
＋that从句
◆No
matter
where
he
is,
he
makes
it
a
rule
that
he
shall
go
for
a
walk
before
breakfast.
无论他在哪里，他都定了一个规矩——早餐前散步。
◆I
think
it
necessary
that
we
take
plenty
of
boiled
water
every
day.
我认为我们每天多喝白开水是有必要的。
二、whether与if引导的宾语从句
whether与if引导宾语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，但有具体的含义，意为“是否”。
◆(2017·天津卷)She
asked
me
whether
I
had
returned
the
books
to
the
library,
and
I
admitted
that
I
hadn’t.
她问我是否把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。
在下列情况下只能用whether而不能用if：
1．宾语从句中有or
not时，只能用whether。
◆I
don’t
know
whether
or
not
the
report
is
true.
＝I
don’t
know
whether
the
report
is
true
or
not.
我不知道这个报道是否是真的。
2．whether引导的从句可放在介词之后，作介词的宾语，而if则不能。
◆It
depends
on
whether
we
have
enough
time.
这取决于我们是否有充足的时间。
三、连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句
连接代词和连接副词引导宾语从句时既充当句子成分又有具体词义，且不可省略。
◆(2018·天津卷)The
gold
medal
will
be
awarded
to
whoever
wins
the
first
place
in
the
bicycle
race.
无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他/她。
◆(四川卷)Our
teachers
always
tell
us
to
believe
in
what
we
do
and
who
we
are
if
we
want
to
succeed.
我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果我们想成功的话，就要相信我们所做的事情以及我们自己。
宾语从句的时态：一般情况下，宾语从句须与主句的时态保持一致，即当主句是一般现在时时，从句可根据具体情况选用合适的时态；当主句为过去的某种时态时，从句须用相应的过去的某种时态。当从句的内容为真理或客观事实时，从句须用一般现在时。　
[对点演练]——单句语法填空
1．(2017·北京卷)Jane
moved
aimlessly
down
the
tree?lined
street,
not
knowing
where
she
was
heading.
2．When
I
walked
on
the
street,
I
wanted
to
say
how
clean
the
streets
were.
考点三
　　　　　　表语从句
在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。表语从句位于系动词之后。
一、从属连词that/whether引导表语从句
在表语从句中，从属连词只起连接作用，其中that无词义，一般不能省略；whether意为“是否”。if不能引导表语从句。
◆(2016·上海卷)The
most
important
result
for
the
user
is
that
the
product
does
what
is
intended.
对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。
◆The
problem
is
whether
the
air
pollution
can
be
controlled.
问题是空气污染能否被控制住。
二、连接代词和连接副词引导的表语从句
1．连接代词有who,
whom,
whose,
what,
which,
whoever,
whomever,
whosever,
whatever,
whichever等；连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
2．连接副词有when,
where,
why,
how,
whenever,
wherever,
however等。连接副词在从句中作状语。
◆(2018·北京卷)This
is
what
my
father
has
taught
me—to
always
face
difficulties
and
hope
for
the
best.
这是我父亲教我的——总是面对困难，且抱最大的希望。
◆(北京卷)The
best
moment
for
the
football
star
was
when
he
scored
the
winning
goal.
在这个足球明星看来，最美好的时刻是他射进制胜球的时候。
三、其他连接词引导的表语从句
1．as
if/as
though引导的表语从句
as
if/as
though意为“好像，仿佛”，引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(be，seem,
appear,
look,
taste,
sound,
feel,
smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。
◆The
thick
smog
covered
the
whole
city.
It
was
as
if
a
great
black
blanket
had
been
thrown
over
it.
厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市，好像把一张厚厚的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。
2．because，why引导的表语从句
(1)This/That/It
is
why＋表语从句(表结果)
“这/那就是……的原因”　
(2)This/That/It
is
because＋表语从句(表原因)
“这/那是因为……”
(3)The
reason
why...is
that＋表语从句
“……的原因是……”　
◆(安徽卷)From
space,
the
earth
looks
blue.
This
is
because
about
seventy?one
percent
of
its
surface
is
covered
by
water.
从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。
◆He
didn’t
work
hard.
That’s
why
he
was
fired.
他没有努力工作。那就是他被解雇的原因。
[对点演练]——单句语法填空
1．(2018·江苏卷)By
boat
is
the
only
way
to
get
here,
which
is
how
we
arrived.
2．(2016·北京卷)The
most
pleasant
thing
of
the
rainy
season
is
that
one
can
be
entirely
free
from
dust.
3．(浙江卷)“Every
time
you
eat
a
sweet,
drink
green
tea.”
This
is
what
my
mother
used
to
tell
me.
考点四
　　　　　　同位语从句
同位语从句在句中作某一名词(advice,
conclusion,
doubt,
fact,
hope,
idea,
news,
promise,
question,
suggestion,
thought,
truth,
wish,
word等)的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的连接词主要有that,
whether,
why,
who,
where,
how,
when等。在同位语从句中，that和whether不作成分，that无词义，whether表示“是否”；if不能引导同位语从句。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不能省略。
◆(2016·天津卷)The
manager
put
forward
a
suggestion
that
we
should
have
an
assistant.
There
is
too
much
work
to
do.　经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。
that引导定语从句和同位语从句的区别：that引导定语从句时，that既起引导词的作用，又在从句中充当句子成分；如果在从句中作宾语that还可以省略，所修饰的名词指物时可用which替换。引导同位语从句时，that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，不能省略。　
[对点演练]——单句语法填空
1．The
question
occurred
to
me
where
we
should
go
to
get
the
car
repaired.
We
were
in
the
middle
of
the
forest
at
that
time.
2．The
fact
has
worried
many
scientists
that
the
earth
is
becoming
warmer
and
warmer
these
years.
两步突破名词性从句
第一步：识别名词性从句的种类
1．首先确定主句的谓语动词，确定主句的主谓结构。
2．分析从句在主句中所充当的成分，确定从句所属类型：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
第二步：分析从句结构，确定从句引导词
确定从句的结构和意义是否完整，结合句意填写适当的连接词。
1．若从句结构完整，用从属连词：陈述事实用that；表示疑问“是否”用if或whether。
2．若从句缺少主语、宾语或表语，则考虑用连接代词。
3．若从句缺少状语，则用连接副词。
另外，还需注意一些特殊的引导词(如if,
whether,
because,
as
if等)的用法及that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
【走进高考】
1.【2018·北京】Without
his
support,
we
wouldn’t
be
_________
we
are
now.
A.
how
B.
when
C.
where
D.
why
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式，when表时间，where表地点，why表原因。“_________
we
are
now”是表语从句，结合句子的意思可知，该处指我们所处的位置，故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。
2.【2018·北京】This
is
_________
my
father
has
taught
me—to
always
face
difficulties
and
hope
for
the
best.
A.
how
B.
which
C.
that
D.
what
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：这是我父亲教我的——总是要面对困难，抱最大的希望。"________
my
father
has
taught
me"是表语从句，该空在从句做teach的宾语，且表示“父亲教我的道理”，故该从句应用what引导。D选项正确。引导名词性从句时，how表示方式，意为“如何”；which意为“哪一个”，that在此只起引导从句的作用，不做成分。
3.【2018·天津】The
gold
medal
will
be
awarded
to
___________
wins
the
first
place
in
the
bicycle
race.
A.
whomever
B.
wherever
C.
whoever
D.
whatever
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故用whoever，表示“任何人，无论谁”。故选C。
4.【2018·江苏】By
boat
is
the
only
way
to
get
here,
which
is
_______
we
arrived.
A.
where
B.
when
C.
why
D.
how
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：乘船是到达这里唯一的途径，这就是我们如何到达的。分析which引导的非限定性定语从句可知，后面为表语从句。分析句意可知，这里用连接副词how引导表语从句，充当方式状语，表示“如何”。故选D。
5.【2017·北京】Every
year,
_______
makes
the
most
beautiful
kite
will
win
a
prize
in
the
Kite
Festival.
A.
whatever
B.
whoever
C.
whomever
D.
whichever
【答案】B
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。主语从句缺少主语，用连接代词，根据句意可知是人获奖，故排除AD，因为需要做主语，只能用主格代词who,
故选B。
6.【2017·北京】Jane
moved
aimlessly
down
the
tree-lined
street,
not
knowing
______she
was
heading.
A.
why
B.
where
C.
how
D.
when
【答案】B
【解析】A.
why
为什么
B.
where
在哪
C.
how
如何
D.
when什么时候。句意：Jane漫无目的地走在两旁栽树的街道上，不知道她将去往何方，根据语境可知此处是表地点的，很容易就可选出答案B。
7.【2017·江苏】We
choose
this
hotel
because
the
price
for
a
night
here
is
down
to
$20,
half
of
_______
it
used
to
charge.
A.
that
B.
which
C.
what
D.
how
【答案】C
【解析】考查宾语从句。
"half
of
_______
it
used
to
charge."是$20的同位语，即原来价格的一半是现在的$20；另外，of后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语，所以，这里是宾语从句；宾语从句中的charge后面缺少宾语，所以用what来引导宾语从句，并充当宾语从句中的宾语，故选C。句意：我们选择这家宾馆是因为一晚上的住宿费降到了20美元，这是该宾馆过去要价的一半。
8.【2017·天津】She
asked
me
_______
I
had
returned
the
books
to
the
library,
and
I
admitted
that
I
hadn’t.
A.
when
B.
where
C.
whether
D.
what
【答案】C
【解析】句意：他问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认。我还没有还。A.什么时候；B.在哪里；C是否；D.什么。根据句意，故选C
9.【2016·北京】Your
support
is
important
to
our
work.
________
you
can
do
helps.
A.
However
B.
Whoever
C.
Whatever
D.
Wherever
【答案】C
【解析】考查主语从句。helps是谓语，"_________you
can
do"是主语部分，即主语从句，在主语从句中，do
后缺少宾语，表示
“任何事情”，因此用whatever引导，故选C。
10.【2016·北京】The
most
pleasant
thing
of
the
rainy
season
is
________
one
can
be
entirely
free
from
dust.
A.
what
B.
that
C.
whether
D.
why
【答案】B
【解析】考查表语从句。句意：雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完全不再受到沙尘的困扰。is后跟从句作表语，即表语从句，表语从句不缺少主语、谓语和宾语，因此用that,
that只起引导作用，故选B。
【2019高考模拟题】
1．(2019·浙江嘉兴模拟)Recently，a
new
research
has
suggested
the
possibility
in
a
popular
magazine
pleasant
smells
might
reduce
pain.
2．(2019·江苏盐城中学段考)You
should
first
explore
your
talents
and
get
to
know
yourself
so
as
to
make
a
list
of
you
think
your
real
interest
lies.
3．(2019·浙江五校联考)Through
the
process
of
comparison,
it
might
be
easier
for
us
to
understand
important
belief
really
is.
4．(2019·湖南株洲二中月考)With
an
optimistic
attitude
and
a
strong
will,
we
can
overcome
difficulties
we
might
meet
with
and
achieve
our
goals.
5．(2019·河南中原名校联考)Earthquakes
worry
people
a
lot.
The
reason
is
we
often
do
not
know
when
they
are
coming.
People
can
not
prepare
for
it.
6．(2019·浙江杭州五校联考)The
difficulty
lies
in
they
will
come
to
our
help
immediately.
7．(2019·福建安溪模拟)They
would
appreciate
it,
to
be
frank，
the
goods
could
be
delivered
as
soon
as
possible.
8．(2019·河南漯河高级中学模拟)
is
expected
to
happen
that
small
automated
buses
could
make
a
difference
when
present
human?operated
transport
has
proved
inefficient.
9．(2019·河北石家庄一中一检)It
turns
out
that
looking
attractive
in
photos
isn’t
easy
due
to
the
researchers
are
calling
the
“frozen
face
effect”．
10．(2019·江苏苏州四市五区调研)It
is
obvious
the
local
government
can
do
to
protect
the
environment
for
future
generations.
答案与解析
1.that　解析：句意：最近，在一本流行杂志中，有一项新的研究表明好闻的气味有可能减少疼痛。设空处引导同位语从句，对possibility进行解释说明，且从句中不缺成分，意义完整，故填that。
2.where　解析：句意：你应当首先开发你的天赋，了解你自己，以便列出一个你认为你真正的兴趣所在的单子。设空处引导宾语从句，作介词of的宾语，且在从句中作地点状语。
3.how　解析：句意：通过比较的过程，我们可能更容易理解信念是多么重要。设空处引导的从句作understand的宾语，且修饰形容词important，应用how引导该从句。
4.whatever　解析：句意：拥有乐观的态度和强烈的愿望，我们能够克服可能遇到的任何困难，取得成功。通过分析句子可知，overcome后为宾语从句，动词短语meet
with后缺少宾语，再结合句意可知用whatever修饰名词difficulties，引导宾语从句。
5.that　解析：句意：地震让人们很担忧。原因是我们通常不知道它们什么时候发生。人们没法做准备。设空处引导表语从句，从句的结构和意义完整，所以用that引导。
6.whether　解析：句意：困难在于他们是否会马上来帮助我们。分析句子结构可知，
they
will
come
to
our
help
immediately是介词in的宾语从句，根据句意可知，设空处表示“是否”，故用whether引导。
7.if　解析：句意：坦白地说，如果货物能够尽快被运送，他们将会非常感激。would
appreciate
it
if...表示“如果……将不胜感激”，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是if引导的从句。
8.It　解析：句意：人们预测，当现有的人力交通运输系统被证明效率低下时，小型自动巴士可能会产生影响。根据句意以及句子结构可知，设空处为形式主语，真正的主语是that从句，故用It作形式主语。
9.what　解析：分析句子结构可知，介词to后面的宾语从句中are
calling缺少直接宾语，故填what。
10.what　解析：句意：为了子孙后代，当地政府在保护环境方面所能做的事情是显而易见的。It为形式主语，
the
local
government
can
do
to
protect
the
environment
for
future
generations是真正的主语，该主语从句缺少宾语，且表示物，故填what。