高考语法考点突破9： 情态动词（含解析）

高考语法复习10
句子成分和句子类型
【语法精讲】
题型
典题试做
考点解读
语法填空
(2016·四川卷)It
was
time
for
her
to
have
a
new
baby,
and
it
was
also
time
for
the
young
panda
to
be
independent.
(全国卷Ⅰ)But
the
river
wasn’t
changed
in
a
few
days
or
even
a
few
months.
并列连词(考查的重点：and,
but,
or,
so,
when,
while)
考点一
　　　　　　简单句
简单句就是由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。简单句有五种基本句式，其他各种句式都是由这五种基本句式演变而来。
一、主语＋谓语(不及物动词)
◆What’s
worse,
I
don’t
communicate
well
in
my
family.
更糟糕的是，在家庭中我不善交流。
◆(2016·四川卷)And
I
can
play
outside
too!
我也可以在外面玩！
二、主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语
宾语可以由名词、代词、动名词、不定式等来充当。
◆I
plan
to
find
a
parttime
job
in
a
foreign
capital
company.
我计划在一家外资公司里找一份兼职。
三、主语＋系动词＋表语
1．本句式中的连系动词以be为最多。此外还有少数其他的连系动词，如appear,
become,
get,
grow,
look,
prove,
remain等。
2．表语多为形容词，也可以是名词、介词短语、不定式及分词等。
◆This
is
surely
a
good
chance
for
more
people
to
see
them.
对于更多的人来说这确实是观看它们的一次好机会。
◆(全国卷)The
“Foreign
Cultures”
section
in
our
newspaper
is
very
popular
among
us
students.
我们报纸的“外国文化”栏目在我们学生中很受欢迎。
四、主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
1．该句式中表示人的是间接宾语，表示物的是直接宾语。一般间接宾语在前面，直接宾语在后面。如果将间接宾语置于直接宾语之后，则需借助介词to或for。
2．要跟双宾语的动词有：ask,
bring,
buy,
cost,
fetch,
give,
hand,
lend,
offer,
pass,
pay,
read,
return,
save,
sell,
send,
show,
take,
teach,
tell,
write等。
◆(2016·天津卷)Now,
on
behalf
of
my
schoolmates,
I
wish
you
a
safe
return.
现在，我代表全校同学，祝你们一路平安。
五、主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾语补足语
1．宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况，直接跟在宾语之后。
2．作宾语补足语的主要是名词、形容词、不定式和分词，副词和介词短语等也可以用作宾语补足语。
(1)要跟名词或形容词作宾语补足语的及物动词有call,
consider,
choose,
elect,
feel,
find,
get,
keep,
make,
name,
paint,
push,
set,
suppose,
think,
turn等。
(2)动词不定式作宾语补足语的三种情况：
①要跟带to的不定式作宾语补足语的及物动词有ask,
expect,
force,
get,
order,
permit,
persuade,
tell,
want,
warn等。
②要跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有have,
make,
let,
hear,
notice,
see,
watch,
feel等。
③动词help后作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to，也可以不带to。
◆Your
contribution
will
certainly
make
the
event
a
huge
success.
你的投稿将会使得这次活动获得巨大成功。
◆In
fact,
he
inspires
me
to
major
in
English
in
college.
事实上，他鼓励我在大学主修英语。
[对点演练]——根据要求补全句子
1．在我看来，一个没有朋友的人永远不会幸福。(主语＋系动词＋表语)
In
my
opinion,
a
person
without
friends
can
never
be
happy．
2．每天早上我们都能听到他大声朗读英语。(主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
Every
morning
we
hear
him
read
English
aloud.
3．奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个很有趣的故事。(主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语)
My
granny
told
me
a
very
interesting
story
last
night.
4．我真的很感谢你帮我补习数学。(主语＋谓语＋宾语)
I
really
appreciate
your
helping
me
with
my
math.
5．最近10年，我的家乡发生了巨大变化。(主语＋谓语)
Great
changes
have
taken
place
in
my
hometown
in
the
past
ten
years.
考点二
　　　　　　
并列句
并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词(短语)连在一起。
一、常考并列连词
表示转折、对比关系
but,
yet(然而),
while(然而，强调对比)
表示并列/递进关系
and,
both...and...,
not
only...but
(also)．..,
neither...nor...等
表示选择关系
or,
either...or...,
not...but...等
表示因果关系
so,
for(一般不放在句首)等
◆(湖北卷)Not
only
can
a
beautiful
smile
make
ourselves
happy,
but
also
it
enables
others
to
feel
delighted.
一个灿烂的笑容不仅能使我们自己高兴，而且能使他人感到愉快。
◆(福建卷)The
failure
was
a
big
blow
to
him,
but
he
wasn’t
discouraged
and
soon
got
as
enthusiastic
as
ever.
这次失败对他来说是个很大的打击，但他并没有感到沮丧，并且很快便像以前一样充满热情。
◆(山东卷)He
found
it
increasingly
difficult
to
read,
for
his
eyesight
was
beginning
to
fail.
由于他的视力下降，他发现读书越来越困难了。
but不与although/though连用，但yet,
still可与although/though连用。　
二、特殊并列连词及并列句
1．when可用作并列连词，意为“这时，那时”，相当于and
this/that
time。常用于下列句式：
①be
about
to
do
sth.
when...
正要做某事，这时突然……
②be
on
the
point
of
doing
sth.
when
...
正要做某事，这时突然……
③be
doing
sth.
when
...
正在做某事，这时突然……
④had
done
sth.
when
...
刚做完某事，这时突然……
◆(2017·天津卷)I
was
driving
down
to
London
when
I
suddenly
found
that
I
was
on
the
wrong
road.
我正开车去伦敦，这时突然发现自己走错了路。
◆(福建卷)She
had
just
finished
her
homework
when
her
mother
asked
her
to
practice
playing
the
piano
yesterday.
昨天她刚完成家庭作业，她妈妈就让她练习弹钢琴。
2．“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”，有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语。
◆(2018·北京卷)In
any
unsafe
situation,
simply
press
the
button
and
a
highly－trained
agent
will
get
you
the
help
you
need.
在任何不安全的情况下，仅仅摁一下这个按钮，一个训练有素的代理人就会使你得到你需要的帮助。
[对点演练]——单句语法填空
1．(2019·湖北八校联考)This
is
the
custom
of
China.
They
are
not
like
us
to
finish
it
in
one
drink,
but
prefer
to
drink
by
taking
a
small
amount
at
a
time.
2．(2019·北京海淀区一模)My
mother
wants
to
decorate
our
rooms
in
a
modern
look
while
my
father
prefers
a
traditional
style.
解题指导
并列连词的考查集中在“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”，and表并列，yet/but表转折，or表选择，so表因果，while表对比，when表“突然”等。
【2019模拟题】单句语法填空
1．(2019·浙江宁波十校联考)Whitecollar
workers
in
China
are
willing
to
postpone
their
retirement
age
bluecollar
workers
prefer
to
retire
early.
2．(2019·哈尔滨三中模拟)For
much
of
that
time,
she
wanted
to
fly,
never
had
the
chance
until
now.
3．(2019·吉林百校联盟联考)As
a
visitor
or
guest
in
a
Chinese
home
or
restaurant,
you
will
find
that
table
manners
are
essential
in
our
daily
life!
4．(2019·重庆巴蜀中学一模)The
visitors
had
just
left
the
museum
they
heard
a
bomb
explode
at
the
exit.
5．(2019·湖南益阳、湘潭调研)However,
it
is
reported
that
eating
bad
food
for
a
long
term
not
only
makes
us
put
on
weight
but
can
lead
to
other
health
problems
such
as
diabetes,
and
that
it
can
also
affect
our
mental
state
result
in
depression.
6．(2019·河北衡水中学一调)Whether
I
was
in
the
car,
the
house,
anywhere
else,
there
was
sure
to
be
some
Beatles,
or
Buddy
Holly
played
in
the
background.
7．(2019·北京东城区模拟)I
am
not
afraid
of
tomorrow,
I
have
seen
yesterday
and
I
love
today.
8．(2019·江苏泰州中学月考)Some
passengers
were
walking
through
one
of
the
big
halls
at
the
Airport
the
whole
roof
fell
down.
9．(2019·重庆西北狼教育联盟联考)It
was
an
extremely
dark,
lonely
country
road.
Neither
a
single
person
any
traffic
was
in
sight
at
all.
10．(2019·湖南六校联盟联考)Most
importantly,
though，remember
the
following
old
rule：try
to
eat
different
food,
not
too
much.
答案与解析
1.and　解析：“影响精神状况”与“导致抑郁”是顺承关系，故用并列连词and。
2.while　解析：句意：在中国，白领愿意推迟退休年龄而蓝领则更希望早退休。并列连词while在此表示对比。
3.but　解析：她想飞，但一直没有得到机会，前后为转折关系，故填but。
4.either　解析：根据空后的or可知，这里填either构成either...or...
“……或者……”结构。句意：作为一个游客或者客人，在中国人的家里或者餐馆里，你会发现餐桌礼仪在我们的日常生活中很有必要。
5.when　解析：句意：这些游客刚离开博物馆就听到出口处传来炸弹爆炸的声音。这里用had
just
done
sth.
when...句式表示“刚做完某事就……”。
6.or　解析：句意：无论我是在车里、在房间里，还是在其他任何地方，肯定会有甲壳虫乐队或者巴迪·霍利的背景音乐在播放。the
car,
the
house与anywhere
else之间为选择关系，设空处表示“或者”，故填or。
7.for　解析：句意：我不惧怕明天，因为我已经看到了昨天并热爱今天。根据句意可知，前后两个分句之间为因果关系(前果后因)，故填起解释作用的并列连词for。
8.when　解析：句意：一些乘客正步行穿过机场的其中一个大厅时，大厅的整个顶部突然全掉了下来。be
doing...when...为固定句型，意为“正在……这时突然……”。
9.nor　解析：后句句意：既看不到一个人，也根本看不到一辆车。neither...nor...为固定搭配，意为“既不……也不……”。
10.but/yet　解析：根据语境可知，此处指尝试吃不同的食物，但是不要吃太多。根据句意可知，空处应用转折连词。