高考语法考点突破1：时态和语态（含解析）

高考语法考点1
动词时态和语态
【语法精讲】
一、谓语动词
(一)动词的时态和语态
题型
典题试做
考点解读
语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Diets
have
changed
in
China—and
so
too
has
its
top
crop.
Since
2011,
the
country
has
grown
(grow)
more
corn
than
rice.
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The
Chinese
Ministry
of
Agriculture
finds
that
between
2005—when
the
government
started
(start)
a
soil?testing
program
that
gives
specific
fertilizer
recommendations
to
farmers—and
2011,
fertilizer
use
dropped
by
7.7
million
tons.
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)True
to
a
gorilla’s
unaggressive
nature,
the
huge
animal
meant
(mean)
me
no
real
harm.
He
was
just
saying:
“I’m
king
of
this
forest,
and
here
is
your
reminder！”
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Later,
engineers
managed
(manage)
to
construct
railways
in
a
system
of
deep
tunnels(隧道),
which
became
known
as
the
Tube.
(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sarah
says，“My
dad
thinks
I
should
take
the
offer
now.
But
at
the
moment,
school
comes
(come)
first.”
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Steam
engines
were
used
(use)
to
pull
the
carriages
and
it
must
have
been
fairly
unpleasant
for
the
passengers,
with
all
the
smoke
and
noise.
(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sarah
has
been
told/was
told
(tell)
that
she
could
be
Britain’s
new
supermodel,
earning
a
million
dollars
in
the
next
year.
时态的考查主要是一般现在时和一般过去时；
考查被动语态的用法；
主谓一致的考查
要点一　各种时态与语态的构成
现在
过去
将来
过去将来
主动
被动
主动
被动
主动
被动
主动
被动
一般
do/does
am/is/are
done
did
was/were
done
shall/
will
do
shall/will
be
done
should/
would
do
should/would
be
done
进行
am/is/
are
doing
am/is/are
being
done
was/were
doing
was/were
being
done
shall/will
be
doing
shall/will
be
being
done
should/would
be
doing
should/would
be
being
done
完成
has/
have
done
has/have
been
done
had
done
had
been
done
shall/will
have
done
shall/will
have
been
done
should/would
have
done
should/would
have
been
done
完成
进行
has/have
been
doing
\
had
been
doing
\
shall/will
have
been
doing
\
should/would
have
been
doing
\
要点二　各种时态的用法
考点一
一、一般现在时
1．表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always,
every
time,
now
and
then,
occasionally,
often,
seldom,
never,
sometimes,
usually,
every
day/night等连用。
◆(陕西卷)On
Monday
mornings
it
usually
takes
me
an
hour
to
drive
to
work
although
the
actual
distance
is
only
20
miles.
周一早晨开车上班我一般要花费一个小时，虽然实际距离只有20英里。
2．按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作，用一般现在时。只限于go,
arrive,
leave,
start,
stay,
return,
begin,
come,
close等动词。
◆The
shop
closes
at
11：00
p．m.every
day.
这家商店每天晚上11点关门。
3．在时间、条件或让步状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。
◆(江苏卷)The
president
hopes
that
the
people
will
be
better
off
when
he
quits
than
when
he
started.
这位总统希望人民在他离任时比他刚上任时更富有。
动词第三人称单数的变化规则
一般情况直接加?s
work→works　get→gets
say→says　　
read→reads
结尾为?s,
?x,
?sh,
?ch或?o，在词尾加?es
discuss→discusses
wash→washes　fix→fixes
teach→teaches　
go→goes
结尾为“辅音字母＋y”，变y为i再加?es
carry→carries　study→studies
try→tries　
fly→flies
cry→cries
　二、一般过去时
1．表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与often,
usually,
seldom
等表示频度的副词连用。还可以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在没有关系，常与yesterday,
the
other
day,
last
week,
the
day
before
yesterday等表示过去的时间状语连用。
◆(2018·北京卷)—Hi,
I’m
Peter.
Are
you
new
here?
I
haven’t
seen
you
around.
——嗨，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没有在附近见过你。
—Hello,
Peter.
I’m
Bob.
I
just
started
on
Monday.
——你好，彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一才开始住在这儿。
2．有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词：know,
think,
expect,
want等。
◆(全国卷)Edward,
you
play
so
well.
But
I
didn’t
know
you
played
the
piano.
爱德华，你弹得真好。但是我原来不知道你会弹钢琴。
动词过去式的变化规则
一般情况在动词后加?ed
work→worked　play→played
want→wanted
以?e结尾的动词后加?d
hope→hopedlike→liked
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的动词，变y为i再加?ed
study→studiedtry→tried
以重读闭音节或/r/音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母时双写词尾的辅音字母再加?ed
stop→stoppedprefer→preferred
admit→admittedpermit→permitted
　三、一般将来时
1．“shall/will＋动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow,
next
year,
in＋一段时间等连用。其中shall通常用于第一人称，will通常用于各种人称。“will＋动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。
◆(2016·北京卷)The
students
have
been
working
hard
on
their
lessons
and
their
efforts
will
be
rewarded
with
success
in
the
end.
学生们一直在刻苦学习功课，他们的努力(将来)一定会得到回报。
◆(北京卷)—What
time
is
it?
——几点了？
—I
have
no
idea.
But
just
a
minute,
I
will
check
it
for
you.
——我不知道。你稍等，我给你查查。
2．“be
going
to＋动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。
◆(陕西卷)Dr.
Smith,
together
with
his
wife
and
daughters,
is
going
to
visit
Beijing
this
summer.
史密斯博士将在今年夏天和他的妻子与女儿们一起游览北京。
3．“be
to＋动词原形”表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作；也可表示职责、义务、意图、禁止等。
◆You
are
to
hand
in
your
papers
by
10
o’clock.
到10点你必须得交上试卷。
◆A
meeting
is
to
be
held
at
3
o’clock
this
afternoon.
会议将于今天下午3点举行。
4．“be
about
to＋动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用，可与并列连词when(＝and
at
this/that
time)引导的分句连用。
◆Tom
was
about
to
close
the
windows
when
his
attention
was
caught
by
a
bird.
汤姆正要关上窗户，就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。
[对点演练1]——单句语法填空
1．(2019·陕西西安中学模拟)In
a
word,
mass
media
will
be
(be)
all
the
more
important
in
the
future
and
their
function
will
enormously
expand.
2．(2019·湖北重点中学高三联考)In
Tsinghua,
he
met
his
wife
Yang
Jiang,
who
was
to
become
a
successful
playwright
and
translator,
and
married
(marry)
her
in
1935.
3．(2019·广东惠州高三调研)Bike?sharing
is
a
greener
method
of
transportation
and
provides
(provide)
a
more
friendly
experience.
考点二
　　　　　
进行时态
一、现在进行时
1．表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。
◆(江苏卷)We
are
facing
today
a
strange
new
world
and
we
are
all
wondering
what
we
are
going
to
do
with
it.
我们今天正面对一个陌生的新世界，并且我们都在想我们要如何运用它。
2．表示位置转移的动词(词组)，如：go,
come,
leave,
start,
arrive,
return,
work,
sleep,
stay,
have,
wear,
run
out等，可用现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的事。
◆(重庆卷)Food
supplies
in
the
flood?stricken
area
are
running
out.
We
must
act
immediately
before
there’s
none
left.
洪灾区的食物供给快要用完了。我们必须在食物吃完前采取行动。
二、过去进行时
1．表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及at
that
time,
at
that
moment,
at
this
time
yesterday,
at
ten
o’clock
yesterday等连用。
◆(2018·北京卷)Susan
had
quit
her
well－paid
job
and
was
working
as
a
volunteer
in
the
neighborhood
when
I
visited
her
last
year.
苏珊已经辞去了高薪的工作。去年我去探望她的时候，她正在一个社区里做志愿者。
2．表示一个过去的动作正在进行时，另一个过去的动作发生了，常与when,
while引导的时间状语从句连用。
◆(2016·北京卷)Jack
was
working
in
the
lab
when
the
power
cut
occurred.
突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。
三、将来进行时
表示将来某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用，如at
this
time
tomorrow,
by
then,
from
1：30
to
4：30
tomorrow等。
◆(天津卷)Jane
can’t
attend
the
meeting
at
3
o’clock
this
afternoon
because
she
will
be
teaching
a
class
at
that
time.
简不能参加今天下午三点的会议，因为那个时间段她正在教课。
进行时的变化规则
一般情况在词尾直接加?ing
work→working
study→studying
以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e再加?ing
write→writing
take→taking
face→facing
“辅音＋元音＋辅音”结尾的重读闭音节词，
且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写词尾辅音字母，再加?ing
cut→cutting
begin→beginning
swim→swimming
run→running
put→putting
plan→planning
stop→stopping
以?ie结尾的动词，变?ie为y再加?ing
lie→lying　die→dying
　[对点演练2]——单句语法填空
1．(2017·北京卷)People
have
better
access
to
health
care
than
they
used
to,
and
they
are
living
(live)
longer
as
a
result.
2．(陕西卷)—Can
I
call
you
back
at
two
o’clock
this
afternoon?
—I’m
sorry,
but
by
then
I
will
be
flying
(fly)
to
Beijing.
How
about
five?
3．(2019·云南昆明一中模拟)He
was
working
(work)
in
a
government
aerospace
laboratory
when
the
computer
was
in
a
junior
level
and
was
a
big
machine
that
required
huge
amount
of
time
to
process.
考点三
完成时态
一、现在完成时
1．表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束，而对现在仍有影响。常用的时间状语：already,
just,
yet,
never,
before,
lately,
recently,
in
the
last(past)
few
days/years,
up
to
now,
till
now,
so
far等。
◆(2018·北京卷)China’s
high－speed
railways
have
grown
from
9，000
to
25，000
kilometers
in
the
past
few
years.
在过去的几年里，中国的高速铁路已经从9
000公里增长到25
000公里。
2．表示从过去某时开始而延续至今(可能还要延续下去)的动作或状态。常用的时间状语：since＋时间点；for＋时间段等。
◆(湖南卷)—I
remember
you
were
a
talented
pianist
at
college.
Can
you
play
the
piano
for
me?
——我记得你在大学时是一位极有才华的钢琴家。你能为我弹钢琴吗？
—Sorry,
I
haven’t
played
the
piano
for
years.
——抱歉，我好多年没有弹钢琴了。
3．在条件和时间状语从句中，用现在完成时表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。
◆Will
you
come
to
my
office
when
you
have
finished
your
work?
你完成工作后到我办公室来一下，好吗？
二、过去完成时
1．表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。句中一般有明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)。但在语法填空题中很多时候需要通过上下文来判断。
◆(2016·天津卷)When
walking
down
the
street,
I
came
across
David,
whom
I
hadn’t
seen
for
years.
当沿着街道散步的时候，我遇见了多年未见的戴维。
◆(辽宁卷)By
the
time
Jack
returned
home
from
England,
his
son
had
graduated
from
college.
当杰克从英格兰回到家中时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。
2．表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态，常用的时间状语：before,
by
then,
by
that
time,
by
the
end
of,
by
the
time＋从句等。
◆(北京卷)It
took
me
a
long
time
before
I
was
able
to
fully
appreciate
what
they
had
done
for
me.
很久以后我才能够完全领会到他们为我所做的一切。
3．表示“愿望，打算”的动词(hope,
want,
expect,
think,
mean,
suppose,
plan,
intend等)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。
◆I
had
intended
to
call
on
you
yesterday,
but
I
had
an
unexpected
visitor.
昨天我本来打算去拜访你，但是来了一位不速之客。
常使用完成时的句型
(1)This/It/That
is
the
first/...time＋that
sb.
has/have
done
sth.；
This/It/That
was
the
first/...time＋that
sb.
had
done
sth.这是某人第几次做某事。
(2)It/This
is/was
the＋最高级＋名词＋(that)定语从句，从句中的谓语用完成时。
(3)It
is/has
been＋一段时间＋since
sb.
did；
It
was/had
been＋一段时间＋since
sb.
had
done
sth.自从……以来多久了。
(4)hardly/scarcely...when.../no
sooner...than...(一……就……)主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。　
[对点演练3]——单句语法填空
1．(2016·北京卷)I
have
read
(read)
half
of
the
English
novel,
and
I’ll
try
to
finish
it
at
the
weekend.
2．(北京卷)—Did
you
have
difficulty
finding
Ann’s
house?
—Not
really.
She
had
given
(give)
us
clear
directions
and
we
were
able
to
find
it
easily.
3．(2019·成都七中诊断)This
is
the
first
time
I
have
come
(come)
to
Chengdu
and
I
am
truly
impressed
by
the
lifestyle
of
people
here.
考点四
　
完成进行时
考纲对完成进行时要求考生掌握的是现在完成进行时。
1．表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在，并有可能继续下去，常用的时间状语：all
this
morning,
this
month,
these
few
days,
since和for引导的状语从句等。
◆(全国卷Ⅱ)The
manager
has
been
telling
the
workers
how
to
improve
the
program
since
9
a．m.
从上午九点开始，经理就一直在告诉工人们如何改进这个项目。
2．所表示的动作有时并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。
◆(2016·北京卷)The
students
have
been
working
hard
on
their
lessons
and
their
efforts
will
be
rewarded
with
success
in
the
end.
学生们一直在刻苦学习功课，他们的努力(将来)一定会得到回报的。
[对点演练4]——单句语法填空
1．(2016·江苏卷)Dashan,
who
has
been
learning
(learn)
crosstalk,
the
Chinese
comedic
tradition,
for
decades,
wants
to
mix
it
up
with
the
Western
stand?up
tradition.
2．(福建卷)—Where
is
Peter？I
can’t
find
him
anywhere.
—He
went
to
the
library
after
breakfast
and
has
been
writing
(write)
his
essay
there
ever
since.
3．(安徽卷)In
order
to
find
the
missing
child,
villagers
have
been
doing
(do)
all
they
can
over
the
past
five
hours.
要点三　被动语态的用法
一、被动语态的构成
　　　被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。
二、被动语态基本用法
　　　被动语态的使用场合：1.不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者；2.需要突出或强调动作的承受者。
◆(2018·北京卷)A
rescue
worker
risked
his
life
saving
two
tourists
who
had
been
trapped
in
the
mountains
for
two
days.
一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。
◆(2018·天津卷)My
washing
machine
is
being
repaired
this
week,
so
I
have
to
wash
my
clothes
by
hand.
这周我的洗衣机正在维修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。
(1)有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：have有；cost花费；lack缺少；own拥有；belong
to属于；take
part
in参加。
(2)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/take
place/occur发生；remain剩下；break
out爆发；last持续；come
out出版；come
up被提出；lose
heart失去信心；date
from/back
to追溯到；run
out用完。　
三、主动形式表示被动意义
1．当系动词feel,
sound,
taste,
look,
smell,
appear,
seem,
turn,
stay,
become,
get,
grow,
keep等＋形容词/名词构成系表结构时，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。
◆This
kind
of
wool
shirt
feels
soft.
这种羊毛衫摸起来很软。
2．当sell,
read,
cut,
wash,
write,
open,
wear,
run,
burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时，用主动形式表示被动含义。
◆Have
you
bought
the
book
that
sells
well
these
days?
I
think
it
is
suitable
for
us
teenagers.　你买最近销量很好的那本书了吗？我认为它非常适合我们青少年。
[对点演练]——单句语法填空
1．(2018·江苏卷)I
was
sent
to
the
village
last
month
to
see
how
the
development
plan
had
been
carried
(carry)
in
the
past
two
years.
2．(2017·江苏卷)He
hurried
home,
never
once
looking
back
to
see
if
he
was
being
followed
(follow)．
解题指导
准确确定动词时态的“四个依据”
依据一　时间状语
动词的时态，顾名思义就是指动作或状态在不同时间条件下的动词形式，因此时间状语是确定动词时态的最直接的决定因素。
[例1]　Silk
(become)
one
of
the
primary
goods
traded
along
the
Silk
Road
by
about
100
B．C.
[分析]　had
become　句意：到大约公元前
100
年，丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上交易的主要商品之一。题干中有表示过去的时间状语“about
100
B．C.”，且当时间状语由介词by(不迟于，不晚于)引导时，表示动作发生在“过去的过去”，谓语动词应用过去完成时。
[例2]　In
the
last
few
years,
China
(make)great
achievements
in
environmental
protection.
[分析]　has
made　题干中的时间状语是“In
the
last
few
years”，表示动作“从过去一直到现在”，故所填词应用现在完成时。
依据二　参照动词
当题干中没有时间状语，或时间状语不能完全决定所填动词的动作发生的具体时间时，动词的时态由其参照动词来决定。
[例3]　The
real
reason
why
prices
(be),
and
still
are,
too
high
is
complex,
and
no
short
discussion
can
satisfactorily
explain
this
problem.
[分析]　were　题干中没有时间状语，由参照动词“are”和“is”可以推断出所填动词陈述的是过去的事实，故应用一般过去时。
[例4]　Albert
Einstein
was
born
in
1879.
As
a
child,
few
people
guessed
that
he
(be)
a
famous
scientist
whose
theories
would
change
the
world.
[分析]　was
going
to
be　题干中虽然有时间状语“in
1879”，但这并非所填动词的动作发生的时间。由“As
a
child”可知，所填词的参照时间是过去，而他成为一位著名的科学家不是在他“是个小孩子”时，而是以后的事，即将来，所以所填词应用过去将来时。
依据三　句意或语境
当题干中无时间状语及参照动词，或时间状语和参照动词都不能确定所填动词的时态时，所填动词的时态由题干的具体意思或动作所发生的语境来决定。
[例5]　—Is
Peter
coming?
—No,
he
(change)
his
mind
after
a
phone
call
at
the
last
minute.
[分析]　changed　题干虽有时间状语“at
the
last
minute”和参照动词“is
coming”，但它们都不能准确定位所填动词的动作发生的时间，因此所填词的时态由句意或语境来决定。句意：“彼得要来吗？”“不，当接到一个电话后，他在最后时刻改变了主意。”由此可知，所填词的动作发生在过去，陈述的是过去的事实，故应用一般过去时。
[例6]　(2016·天津卷)When
walking
down
the
street,
I
came
across
David,
whom
I
(not
see)
for
years.
[分析]　hadn’t
seen　句意：走在街上的时候，我偶然遇到了戴维，我已经多年没见他了。分析句子结构可知，从句中缺少谓语动词；主语I与动词see之间是主动关系，故应使用主动语态，且“多年未见”这一动作发生在“偶然遇到”之前，即“过去的过去”，故使用过去完成时。
依据四　固定句式
英语有一些句式的时态常常很固定，如果题干中出现这类句式，考生应注意根据规则选用适当的时态。
1．It
is
the
first/second/...time
that
sb.
has/have
done...
2．It
was
the
first/second/...time
that
sb.
had
done...
3．Sb.
was/were
doing
sth.
when...did...
4．Hardly/Scarcely
had
sb.
done
sth.
when...did...
5．Sb.
be
about
to
do
sth.
when...did...
6．It’s
(high)
time
that
sb.
did
sth./should
do
sth.
[例7]　It
is
the
first
time
that
I
(be)
to
Beijing.
[分析]　have
been　句意：这是我第一次去北京。提示词为be动词，考虑设空处在句中作谓语，并考虑时态和语态；再根据固定句式“It
is
the
first
time
that
sb.
has/have
done...”确定使用现在完成时。　　
【走进高考】
1.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】Kate
heard
a
man's
voice
in
the
background,
but
she
couldn't
___________
what
he
was
saying.
A.
set
aside
B.
take
back
C.
make
out
D.
keep
off
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词组辨析。句意：
凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音，但她听不清他在说什么。set
aside“存储，留出”；
take
back“收回，拿回”；make
out“辨认出，理解，了解”；
keep
off“（使）避开”。故选C。
2.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】A
few
months
after
he
had
arrived
in
China,
Mr.
Smith
___________
in
love
with
the
people
and
culture
there.
A.
would
fall
B.
had
fallen
C.
has
fallen
D.
fell
【答案D
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：他到中国几个月后，就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。发生在had
arrived之后的动作或状态应用一般过去时。故选D。
3.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】They
are
trying
to
make
sure
that
5G
terminals_________
by
2022
for
the
Beijing
Winer
Olympics.
A.
will
install
B.
will
have
been
installed
C.
are
installed
D.
have
been
installed
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：他们正努力确保在2022年北京冬奥会之前安装5G终端。表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作，用将来完成时。“5G终端”和“安装”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，故选B。
4【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Picking
up
her“Lifetime
Achievement”award，proud
Irene
___64___(declare)
she
had
no
plans
__to
retire__
(retire)
from
her
36-year-old
business.
【答案】B
【解析】考查谓语动词的时态。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had
以及said
可知用一般过去时态，故填declared。
5.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】I
don't
see
any
reason
to
give
up
work.
I
love
coming
here
and
seeing
my
family
and
all
the
friends
I
___66___(make)
over
the
years
【答案】are
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over
the
years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have
made。
6.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On
the
last
day
of
our
week-long
stay，we
___69___(invite)to
attend
a
private
concert
on
a
beautiful
farm
on
the
North
Shore
under
the
stars
【答案】were
invited。
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。由“on
the
last
day
of
our
week-long
stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。根据句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。主语为we，故填were
invited。
7.【2018·北京】—Hi,
I’m
Peter.
Are
you
new
here?
I
haven’t
seen
you
around.
—Hello,
Peter.
I’m
Bob.
I
just
_________
on
Monday.
A.
start
B.
have
started
C.
started
D.
had
started
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：—嗨，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没有在附近见过你。—你好，彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。根据两人谈话内容可知，Bob现在在这儿，他开始(start)住在这儿是发生在周一的事情，周一是一个过去的时间，故该句应用一般过去时态，C选项正确。
8.【2018·江苏】I?was?sent?to?the?village?last?month?to?see?how?the?development?plan?_______
in?the?past
two
years.
A.
had?been?carried?out
B.
would
be
carried
out
C.
is?being?carried?out
D.
has
been
carried
out
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：上个月我被派到村里去看看在过去的两年里发展计划是如何执行的。根据句中时间状语last
month和in
the
past
two
years可知用过去完成时。故选A。
9.【2017·北京】People______
better
access
to
health
care
than
they
used
to,
and
they’re
living
longer
as
a
result.
A.
will
have
B.
have
C.
had
D.
had
had
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：人们有着比过去更好的医疗保险，结果他们更长寿。与过去对比是现在，所以than前一句话是用现在的时间，而且后一句用的就是现在时态，所以前面也用现在时态，故选B。
10.【2017·天津卷】Nowadays,
cycling,
along
with
jogging
and
swimming,
_______
as
one
of
the
best
all-round
forms
of
exercise.
A.
regard
B.
is
regarded
C.
are
regarded
D.
regards
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：现在骑自行车，慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。根据动词短语regard…as…把…看作…和句意确定应该用被动语态，排除A和D，再根据主语部分是由介词短语along
with
连接的三个动名词做主语，应该谓语动词应该就前一致，即用单数，排除C，故选B。
2019模拟试题
1．(2019·江西南昌一模)At
a
young
age,
he
(move)
to
Spain
and
now
plays
professionally
for
the
FC
Barcelona.
2．(2019·广东深圳二模)It
(rain)
at
that
time
and
the
streets
were
full
of
holes
which
were
full
of
water.
3．(2019·浙江金丽衢十二校联考)I
just
graduated
from
West
Coast
University.
I
(receive)
job
skill
training
just
before
that,
but
I
had
never
worked.
4．(2019·安徽合肥重点中学联考)The
full
railway,
which
includes
72kilometer
section
through
Beijing,
(complete)
in
four
and
a
half
years.
5．(2019·浙江台州期末考试)We
(reduce)
emission
of
air
pollutants
in
recent
years,
but
cars
are
still
major
source
of
them.
6．(2019·合肥第一次检测)It’s
fun
for
amateurs
to
try,
but
to
become
good
at
it,
not
only
years
of
practice
but
also
natural
talent
(need)．
7．(2019·湖南长沙长郡中学月考)The
beauty
of
the
views
couldn’t
(imagine)
and
they
left
me
with
many
great
memories.
8．(2019·吉林长春外国语学校)It
was
the
fourth
time
she
(shop)
online
for
hours.
I
had
already
reminded
her
to
think
twice
before
buying
anything,
but
my
wife
ignored
what
I
had
said.
9．(2019·聊城检测)Playing
football
not
only
makes
us
grow
up
tall
and
strong
but
also
(give)
us
a
sense
of
fair
play
and
team
spirit.
10．(2019·山西太原期末)The
reason
for
this
is
that
Britain’s
supermarkets
(experience)
huge
changes
in
the
past
decades.
答案与解析
1.moved　解析：根据时间状语At
a
young
age可知，此处表示过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。
2.was
raining　解析：根据时间状语at
that
time可知，当时正在下雨，即“下雨”这一动作在过去某段时间内正在进行。故用过去进行时。
3.had
received　解析：此处根据just
before
that可知，我在之前受过职业技能的培训，根据上句中的一般过去时可知，此处应用过去完成时。
4.will
be
completed　解析：句意：这一整条铁路，其中有72千米经过北京，将在四年半内完工。设空处作主句的谓语，根据时间状语in
four
and
a
half
years可知，应用一般将来时；且主语The
full
railway与complete之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。
5.have
reduced/have
been
reducing　解析：由句中的时间状语in
recent
years可知，应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。
6.is
needed　解析：考查主谓一致和被动语态。“not
only...but
also...”作主语，谓语动词的单复数遵循就近原则，故此处谓语动词应用单数。natural
talent与动词need之间是动宾关系，故用is
needed。
7.be
imagined　解析：句意：这些景色的美是无法想象的，它们给我留下了许多美好的回忆。imagine和The
beauty
of
the
views之间为动宾关系，且根据句意可知应用被动语态；含情态动词的被动语态的构成是：情态动词＋be
done。
8.had
shopped　解析：“It
was＋第几次＋过去完成时”是固定句式。
9.gives　解析：考查时态。not
only...but
also...连接两个平行结构，因此所填动词应与makes时态一致，故填gives。
10.have
experienced　解析：根据题干中的时间状语in
the
past
decades可知，此处应该用现在完成时。