人教版高中英语选修10 Unit 4 Learning effectively虚拟语气课件（39张PPT）

(共39张PPT)
Grammar
Subjunctive
Mood
虚拟语气
新课标人教版Book10
Unit4
Learning
efficiently
课件内容
在高考题中，目前全国19套各省试题中涉及到虚拟语气知识点的占18%以上，因此这一语法项目在高考中变得越来越重要。这一知识点经常在阅读理解、完型填空中出现，侧重上下文对含有虚拟语气的句子理解，在单项选择和语法填空中会出现对虚拟语气动词形式的考察。而且，我们在写作中也经常会用到虚拟语气。学生易错点在于记不住虚拟语气条件句主从句在不同时态的动词形式。
课程引入
英语动词有三种语气
陈述语气
祈使语气
虚拟语气
用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生或可能性比较小的情况，或是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。
区别：
If
it
rains
tomorrow,
the
crops
will
be
saved.
陈述语气
If
it
rained
tomorrow,
the
crops
would
be
saved.
虚拟语气
If
I
were
a
bird,I
could
fly
in
the
sky!
I
wish
I
were
younger!
We
suggest
that
everyone
should
help
the
AIDS
patients.
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式(verb
structure),
用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实
(fact)，而只是一种假设(hypotheses
)愿望(wishes)、建议(suggestion)
或怀疑(doubt)等等。
The
definition
of
the
Subjunctive
Mood
虚拟语气的考点
1、一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法；
2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装形式；
3、错综时间虚拟语气的用法；
4、wish的虚拟；
5、名词性从句中要求用虚拟语气的动词
if引导的虚拟条件句
虚拟语气在条件句子中
Examples：
If
I
were
you,
I
would
go
at
once.
如果我是你，我会马上走。（与现在事实相反）
If
you
had
come
a
few
minutes
earlier,
you
would
have
met
him.（与过去事实相反）
If
it
were
sunny
tomorrow,I
would
come
to
see
you.（与将来事实相反）
时
间
If
条件句
主
句
现在
did/were
would
should
+
do
sth
could
might
过去
had
done
would
should
+
have
done
sth
could
might
将来
1.did
/
were
2.should
do
3.were
to
do
would
should
+
do
sth
could
might
主从句的谓语动词
与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句
If
+主+did/were,
主+would/should/could/might+V
1.
如果我是你，我会再试一次。
If
I
were
you,
I
would
try
again.
2.
如果我有足够的钱，我将买个车。
If
I
had
enough
money,
I
would
buy
a
car.
与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句
If
+主+had
done,
主+would/should/could/might+have
done
1.如果他努力学习的话，他就通过那次考试了。
If
he
had
worked
harder,
he
would
have
passed
the
examination.
2.如果我当初听从你的建议，我就不会犯错了。
If
I
had
taken
your
advice,
I
wouldn’t
have
made
a
mistake.
与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(通常有时间状语)
If
+主+did(were
to/should
do),
主+would/should/could/might+V原形
如果明天下雨，他们将不能出去。
If
it
rained
tomorrow,
they
wouldn’t
go
out.
If
it
were
to
rain
tomorrow,
they
wouldn’t
go
out.
If
it
should
rain
tomorrow,
they
wouldn’t
go
out.
If
it
were
not
/
had
not
been
for…
也是常见的虚拟句型,
意思是“要不是……”
例如:
If
it
had
not
been
for
your
help,
we
would
not
have
achieved
so
much
in
our
work.
If
it
were
not
for
the
wise
decision,
we
could
not
be
living
a
happy
life.
1.If
I
were
you,
I
____
buy
the
house
right
now.
A.
won’t
B.
don’t
C.
wouldn’t
D.
can’t
2.
_____more
careful,
his
ship
would
not
have
sunk.
A.
If
the
captain
were
B.
If
the
captain
had
been
C.
Should
the
captain
be
D.
If
the
captain
would
have
been
3.
If
he
____
me
tomorrow,
I
would
let
him
know.
A.
should
call
B.
should
not
have
been
able
C.
were
not
able
D.
are
not
able
B
C
A
if虚拟条件句的倒装
如果下雨，我们将不得不推迟比赛。
If
it
should
rain,
↓
Should
it
rain,
we
would
have
to
put
off
the
match.
条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；
如果条件从句中含有should，were，
had
三个助动词并且放在句首时，可以把if省略。
If
I
were
you,
I
would
give
it
up.
Were
I
you,
I
would
give
it
up.
If
I
had
had
time,
I
would
have
seen
the
film.
Had
I
had
time,
I
would
have
see
the
film.
If
there
should
be
a
flood,
what
should
we
do?
a
flood,
what
should
we
do?
Should
there
be
Practice
What
would
have
happened,
_____
as
far
as
the
river
bank?
A.
Bob
had
walked
farther
B.
if
Bob
should
walk
farther
C.
had
Bob
walked
farther
D.
if
Bob
walked
farther
C
错综时间条件虚拟语气
使用虚拟语气条件句型注意点：
当条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综时间条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而做出相应的调整。
If
the
weather
had
been
finer,
the
crops
would
be
growing
better
now.
If
you
had
followed
the
teacher’s
advice,
you
wouldn’t
be
in
the
hospital
now.
Practice
If
you
_____
him
yesterday,
you
_____
what
to
do
now.
asked
…
would
know
had
asked
…
would
have
known
C.
asked
him
…
know
D.
had
asked
…
would
know
D
含蓄条件虚拟语气
Without
air,
there
would
be
no
living
things.
没有空气，就没有生命。（条件暗含在Without
air中）
But
for
your
help,
I
couldn’t
have
made
so
much
progress.
要不是你的帮助，我不可能取得这么大的进步。
（条件暗含在介词短语But
for
your
help中）
wish引导的虚拟句
I
wish
I
remembered
the
address.
我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）
I
wish
he
had
not
left.
要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开）
I
wish
it
would
rain
tomorrow.
要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨）
wish
+
that
clause
did/were
had
done
would
/
might
/would
do
wish后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气
Exercises:
“
Have
you
visited
the
Science
Museum?”
“
No,
but
I
really
wish
I
_______.”
A.
had
B.
did
C.
have
D.
will
A
I
didn’t
go
to
the
party,
but
I
do
wish
I
_____there.
A.
was
B.
were
C.
had
been
D.
went
C
I
wish
I
_________
you
yesterday.
A.
see
B.
did
see
C.
had
seen
D.
were
to
see
C
名词性从句中要求用虚拟语气的动词
suggest,
order,
demand,
propose,
command,
request,
desire,
insist,
require
etc.引导的宾
语从句要用虚拟语气，以(should)
+
v原的形
式出现。
We
all
suggest
that
he
(
should
)
finish
his
homework
first.
The
captain
commanded
that
all
the
sailors
(
should
)
get
down
to
work
at
once.
以上这些动词的名词形式后面的表语从句和同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气，也应以(should)
+
v原.
的形式出现。
My
suggestion
is
that
you
(
should
)
go
home
first
before
coming
here.
His
request
that
his
cost
(
should
)
be
paid
by
the
hour
is
completely
reasonable.
If
he
had
not
lost
his
money,
he
___
the
piano
last
week.
A.
would
buy
B.
had
bought
C.
bought
D.
could
have
bought
2.
If
we
were
to
be
200
years
old,
we
___
everything.
A.
will
change
B.
can
change
C.
could
change
D.
changed
Practise
3.
If
you
__
that
film
last
night,
you
would
not
be
so
sleepy
now.
A.
didn’t
see
B.
haven’t
seen
C.
wouldn’t
seen
D.
hadn’t
seen
4.
You
are
late.
If
you
__
a
little
minutes
earlier,
you
__
him.
A.
came,
would
meet
B.
had
come,
would
have
met
C.
came,
would
have
met
D.
were
to
come,
would
meet
5.
But
for
the
storm,
we
__
a
pleasant
journey.
A.
should
have
B.
have
had
C.
would
have
D.
should
have
had
6.
___
to
do
the
work,
I
should
do
it
some
other
day.
A.
If
were
I
B.
I
were
C.
Were
I
D.
Was
I
7.
Without
the
computer,
the
problem
__
in
such
a
short
time.
A.
couldn’t
be
solved
B.
wouldn’t
have
solved
C.
couldn’t
have
been
solved
8.
“You
are
very
selfish.
It’s
high
time
you
_______
you
are
not
the
most
important
person
in
the
world,”
Edgar
said
to
his
boss
angrily.
A.
have
realized
B.
realized
C.
realize
D.
should
realize
9.
I
wish
I
____
longer
this
morning,
but
I
had
to
get
up
and
come
to
class.
A.
could
have
slept
B.
slept
C.
might
have
slept
D.
have
slept
Homework
写一篇以My
dream为题目作文，用上各种虚拟语气表达方式（不少于五个虚拟句子）
Thank
you!