中考英语考完形填空解题技巧与分析（含解析）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
中考完形填空解题技巧与分析
完形填空主要考查学生综合运用语言的能力，要求学生从语篇层次上把握语言材料，在阅读理解的基础上进行逻辑推理，综合运用所学习的语言知识。
一、完形填空的命题基本方式
完形填空一般是200个单词左右的短文，有目的地删除一些单词，留下空白让学生去还原。多数试题设计10-15个空，但是短文的第一个句子一般不设空。大部分试题是提供四个选项让学生选择能够填入空白处的最佳答案。也有部分试题是不提供选项，留下空白让学生去填所缺的单词。第三种试题是把删除的单词打乱顺序放在方框内让学生选择。
二、完形填空的题型
完形填空题所提供的短文大部分是记叙文，也有说明文和议论文。短文的题材广泛，可能包括幽默故事、文化知识、环境保护和校园生活等。完形填空考查的重点主要集中在下面这些方面：?
1.
词汇题，可能是近义词的用法辨析或者是动词、名词、形容词、副词等词义和用法等，学生通过对上下文内容可以较容易地找出答案。
2.
常见固定搭配和习惯用法题，一般涉及到动词短语、介词短语等的搭配和用法。
3.
逻辑分析题，必须在掌握全文的主旨大意的前提下，通过对故事的线索、短文各段的逻辑关系、短文内容之间的逻辑关系及人物情感的发展等的分析和理解，选出答案。中考完形填空综合了语法知识、阅读理解和逻辑推理等方面的知识点，更加注重语言知识的应用性，突出了对运用语言的能力的考查。
窗体顶端
三、完形填空的做题误区
　　很多学生说，他们做完形填空时，往往采用“翻译法和代入法”，即做题时翻译文章内容，感觉哪个合适选哪个，看看划横线处有没有一些固定搭配，然后作选择或者填空。
其实这样做是很危险的：在实际考试中，翻译很容易受母语影响，进行错误选择；并不是所谓固定搭配一定是正确选项，完形填空是考查单词在语境中的运用。如果这个搭配或短语是不符合语篇、段落逻辑的，即便是固定说法，也是不合适的，在阅卷的时候这样的答案一定是错误的。
四、完形填空六大技巧
【技巧1】前后照应
利用上下文信息，选择或填写正确的词是完形填空解题时最常用的方法之一。在做四选一的完形填空时，我们有时会发现每一个选项从语法角度来讲都可以说得通，遇到这种情况，我们应细读上下文，正确答案会在上下文中得到提示。试看以下例题：
【例1】What
do
I
remember
about
my
childhood?
There
were
good
things
and
bad
things.
We
used
to
live______
,
and
my
parents
always
got
up
early
in
the
morning
to
feed
the
cows
and
sheep.
A.
in
a
town
B.
on
a
farm
C.
on
a
busy
street
D.
in
a
city
【解析】B
本段主要讲作者回忆儿童时代所居住的地点。从四个选项来看都是可能的，语法上都说得通。但通过下文my
parents
always
got
up
early
in
the
morning
to
feed
the
cows
and
sheep.提示我们可以知道作者生活在农村，正确答案选B。
【例2】
I
always
remember
waking
up
to
the
smell
of
the
breakfast
my
mother
was
cooking.
What
a
wonderful
smell!
I
used
to
_______
,wash
quickly
and
run
downstairs.
My
breakfast
would
be
waiting
for
me
on
the
table.
A.
leave
the
bed
B.
lie
in
bed
C.
jump
out
of
bed
D.
get
up
【解析】C
本段讲每天早上妈妈煮的早餐发出诱人的香味，使得躺在床上的我立即起床。根据题干，A、C、D均和床有关联，但是按上下文情景的提示，此处还要表达作者的一种迫不及待的心情。因此只能选C。
【技巧2】情感态度：属较难题
其中形容词，副词中分为三种情感：
(1)正情感：happy,
amazing等
(2)零情感：fast,
slow,
surprising等
(3)负情感：sad,
disappointed等
【例】Among
them,
a
weak
boy
with
ugly
teeth
and
thick
glasses
kept
shaking.
I
had
seen
him
around,
and
I
knew
he
was
always
laughed
at.
He
seemed
unsure
of
himself,
and
was
so
pale
that
it
____
us
to
look
at
him.
A.
worried
B.
surprised
C.
taught
D.
hurt
【解析】D
由上文的描述可知，他的脸色是如此苍白，以至于看着他会让人难受。故选择形容词hurt。
【技巧3】固定搭配
这个考点主要是考查我们根据上下文选择适当的习惯搭配的能力。这就需要我们理解上下文的语义，然后再根据词语的习惯用法或者是句子成分中的习惯搭配做出正确的判断。
【例1】On
the
train,
Tom
was
looking
___1___
for
his
ticket
because
the
conductor
was
coming
___2___
to
his
ticket.
1.A.
out
B.
forward
C.
anywhere
D.
everywhere
2.A.
down
B.
up
C.
in
D.
on
【解析】第一空格指Tom在火车上到处找车票，因此选D。everywhere为最佳答案，anywhere常用于否定句和疑问句中。第二空格意为列车员上前查票，走到某人面前come
up
to
sb.为固定词组搭配，因此选B。
【例2】Whenever
I’m
______,
I
still
look
back
at
that
yearbook.
A.
Away
B.
out
C.
behind
D.
down
【解析】D
本文讲述了一位叫Ricky的学生的前后变化：从经常被大家嘲笑，没有自信到充满自信并被大家喜欢。此题为本文最后一题，想表明每当我遇到挫折时，总会想起那天的事情。be
down，为固定搭配，表示“情绪低落的”。
【技巧4】词义辨析
在选项中设置四个词性一致、意义相近的词是完形填空命题时常用的手段之一。在做此类题目时，必须要在特定的语境中选择最佳，或者也可以推敲一些固定的词组搭配来进行选项。同学们在平时的学习中一定要熟练掌握教材中所学的重点词汇的词义和用法，特别是近义词的细微差别以及词语的固定搭配和习惯用法等。
【例】A
Japanese
manager
once
said
he
himself
and
his
workers
would
all
stand
while
they
were
having
meetings.
Do
you
_________what
he
means?
A.think
B.
guess
C.
know
D.
understand
【解析】C
本段讲述了一个日本经理和他的员工在开会时将都站着。本题问的是你知道他说话的含义吗。
【技巧5】中心主旨
文章中最后一句通常为积极的态度或观点。
【例1】I
had
wanted
to
become
president
of
Student
Council
to
make
a
difference.
I
achieved
that
and
more
by
working
as
a
member
of
Jeff’s
team.
He
became
the
most
popular
candidate
and
I
was
a
large
part
of
his
______.
The
fact
that
it
has
made
a
difference
in
other
people’s
lives
is
the
real
prize.
What
a
great
feeling!
A.
luck
B.
spirit
C.
life
D.
success
【解析】
D
本文讲到在参加学生会主席竞选初选落选后，“我”受邀参加了曾经是对手的Jeff的竞选团队，并在其中发挥了很大的作用，帮助Jeff竞选成功，也得到了启发：不管是在什么位置上，只要自己发挥了作用，这就是真正的奖励，并会给自己带来美好的感受。本题说“我”也是他成功中的一部分，所以选择success。
【例2】I
honor
my
aunt,
who
taught
me
the
things
my
____
couldn’t.
So
every
June
for
the
past
40
years,
in
growing
thankfulness
to
my
Aunt
Marion,
I’ve
sent
her
a
Father’s
Day
card.
A.
teachers
B.
mother
C.
father
D.
friends
【解析】C
本文讲述，“我”出生没多久父亲就去世了，是姨妈Mrion一直充当着父亲的角色，带“我”成长，所以在过去的40年里，“我”每天都要送父亲节贺卡给她，以表达“我”不断加深的感激之情。故本题选C。
【技巧6】简单逻辑
这个考点主要是考同学们对上下文逻辑关系的理解，比如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、比较关系、对比关系等等。
【例1】For
more
than
sixty
years,
Aunt
Marion
didn’t
and
still
don’t
think
of
herself.
___
she
is
forced
to
come
up
to
the
front,
my
aunt
will
stand
in
the
back
in
family
photos,
and
she
doesn’t
think
that
her
efforts
have
made
much…
A.
Unless
B.
Although
C.
Since
D.
Before
【解析】A
句意：如果不强迫她来到前面，在找全家福时她会站在后面。unless除非，如果不；although虽然，尽管；since自从，既然；before
在……之前。
【例2】
No
one
could
walk
through
______
any
hallway
passing
Jeff’s
smiling
face.
A.
for
B.
from
C.
with
D.
without
【解析】D
最能凸显出
poster
效果的介词是without
否定介词与前面的no
相呼应，双重否定表肯定。
五、注意事项
选择名词时，应联系文章主题及空格前后重复出现的词，注意它的数和性。
选择动词时，不但要注意其所表示的意义及其惯用语法，而且要注意所给动词的时态、语态。
选择连词时，要注意分析文章中前后句和上下文的逻辑关系。
选择代词时，就要注意其固定搭配。
六、完形填空答题四遍法
　　正确的答题步骤应分四步：
　　1.
首先跳过空格，快速通读全文，了解短文大意及体裁，同时将一眼就看出几道题能直接做出答案;
　　2.
第二遍是答题的关键，应一个个地去推敲空，切忌按题号顺序答题，不能确定的先跳过去，先易后难是答题原则;
　　3.
第三遍是通篇考虑，把一些上下文联系很强，甚至牵涉到段与段之间逻辑关系的困难空缺填好;
4.
第四遍是检查，做完后再通读一遍全文，从整体把握文章的意思，修正与全文不相称的选项。
【小试牛刀1】
Mr.
Robinson
had
to
travel
somewhere
on
business,
and
as
he
was
in
a
hurry,
he
decided
to
go
by
__1__
.
He
liked
sitting
__2__
a
window
when
he
was
flying,
so
he
got
onto
the
plane,
he
looked
for
a
window
seat.
He
__3__
all
of
them
taken
except
one.
There
was
a
young
man
__4__
beside
it,
and
Robinson
was
surprised
that
he
had
not
taken
the
one
by
the
window.
Anyhow,
he
went
towards
it.
　　When
he
__5__
it,
however,
he
saw
that
there
was
a
notice
on
it,
written
__6__
large
letters,
__7__
“This
seat
is
kept
for
proper
balance.
Thank
you.”
Mr.
Robinson
had
never
seen
such
a
notice
before,
but
he
thought
the
plane
must
be
carrying
something
particularly
heavy
in
its
room
__8__
made
it
necessary
to
have
the
passengers
properly
balance.
So
he
walked
on
and
found
__9__
empty
seat,
not
beside
the
window
__10__
.
　　Two
or
three
other
people
__11__
to
sit
in
the
window
seat
next
to
the
young
man,
but
they
also
read
the
notice
and
went
on.
Then
when
the
plane
was
nearly
12__
a
very
beautiful
girl
__13__
into
the
plane.
The
young
man,
who
was
watching
the
passengers
coming
in,
14__
took
the
notice
__15__
the
seat
beside
him,
and
by
this
means
succeeded
in
having
a
pretty
companion
during
the
whole
trip.
(
)1.
A.
air
B.
water
C.
train
D.
bus
(
)2.
A.
on
B.
nearly
C.
beside
D.
far
from
(
)3.
A.
wanted
B.
found
C.
thought
D.
hoped
(
)4.
A.
seating
B.
seated
C.
seat
D.
sat
(
)5.
A.
arrived
B.
sat
on
C.
reached
D.
left
(
)6.
A.
through
B.
by
C.
with
D.
in
(
)7.A.
said
B.
saying
C.
spoken
D.
speaking
(
)8.
A.
and
B.
this
C.
who
D.
which
(
)9.
A.
another
B.
other
C.
the
other
D.
the
only
(
)10.
A.
to
sit
B.
to
be
sat
C.
to
sit
on
D.
to
be
sat
in
(
)11.
A.
stuck
B.
tried
C.
managed
D.
refused
(
)12.
A.
empty
B.
full
C.
up
D.
down
(
)13.
A.
reached
B.
stepped
C.
entered
D.
left
(
)14.
A.
quickly
B.
fast
C.
slowly
D.
soon
(
)15.
A.
onto
B.
away
C.
off
D.
up
【小试牛刀2】
One
will
feel
happy
when
others
flatter(奉承)
him
in
his
face.
It
is
said
that
the
best
way
of
flattering
someone
is
to
give
him
a
“top
hat”___1___.
　　A
student
was
going
to
leave
the
capital
to
become
___2___
official
(官员)
in
a
city
far
away.
Before
he
started,
he
came
to
say
___3___
to
his
teacher.
　　“It
is
___4___
job
to
be
a
good
official.”
his
teacher
said.
“
you
must
be
strict
___5___
yourself
and
never
be
careless.”
　　“Don’t
worry
about
me,
sir.”
The
student
answered.
“I
have
already
___6___
one
hundred
top
hats,
which
will
___7___
those
people
quite
happy.”
　　“But
we
are
really
gentlemen!
___8___
could
a
real
gentleman
do
such
a
thing”
his
teacher
was
a
bit
___9___.“Never
forget
___10___
I
taught
you
in
class!”
　　“___11___
are
always
right,
sir
I
also
hate
such
things.
But,
sir,
___12___
no
one
really
gentleman
like
you
can
be
seen
in
the
world
now.”
said
the
student.
It
seemed
that
he
had
to
do
so.
　　After
hearing
this
,
the
teacher
was
___13___.
“What
you
said
is
true!”
　　“I
have
___14___
one
top
hat
already.
Now
I
have
ninety-nine
___15___.”
the
student
said
to
his
friend
later
on
when
he
asked
the
student
what
he
had
talked
with
the
teacher
about.
(
)1.
A.
to
put
on
B.
putting
on
C.
wearing
D
to
wear
(
)2.
A.
a
B
.
the
C.
an
D.
/
(
)3.
A.
hello
B.
good
bye
C.
OK
D.
thanks
(
)4.
A.
not
an
easy
B.
not
easy
C.
a
good
D.
difficult
(
)5.
A.
about
B.
with
C.
from
D.
to
(
)6.
A.
made
B.
Bought
C.
prepared
D.
repaired
(
)7.
A.
give
B.
let
C.
keep
D.
make
(
)8.
A.
How
B.
What
C.
Why
D.
When
(
)9.
A.
anger
B.
angry
C.
angrily
D.
angrily
(
)10.
A.
that
B.
how
C.
why
D.
what
(
)11.A.
You
B.
We
C.
They
D.
Us
(
)12.
A.
hardly
B.
about
C.
almost
D.
nearly
(
)13.
A.
disappointed
B.
pleased
C.
angry
D.
sorry
(
)14.
A.
sent
out
B.
bought
C.
sold
D.
borrowed
(
)15.
A.
left
B.
already
C.
yet
D.
else
　
题解与分析：
【小试牛刀1】
短文大意：乘飞机时喜爱窗子旁边，但是临窗的座位上有一个警告，上面写着：此座留着是为了保持飞机平衡，
只好作罢。又有几个乘客看到空座走了过去，但看到纸条后都离开了。这时，上来一个年轻漂亮的女士，旁边的年轻人就把纸条拿掉了。阅读时注意体会文章的幽默感。
1.A。因为下文叙述的是飞机上发生的事情。by
air=by
plane。
　　2.C。喜欢坐在窗子“旁边”。
　　3.B。表示结果，与上句的look
for(表动作)相呼应。
　　4.B。从句子结构看，此空该填非谓语动词形式。seat是及物动词，
　　意思是“使某人就坐”，它与a
young
man是动宾关系，所以用seated，表示状态;而sit是不及物动词，它与a
young
man是主谓关系，要用sitting，表示动作。
　　5.C。不能选A，因为arrive为不及物动词;由下文可知，他根本没坐下来，所以也不能选B;若选D，则与上句的he
went
towards
it相矛盾。
　　6.D。in
large
letters是固定说法，意为“用大写字母”。
　　7.B。这里该用现在分词表示伴随动作。say强调“说”的内容，而speak则指“说”的动作，故不选D。
　　8.D。which引导定语从句，指代先行词something
particularly
heavy。
　　9.A。another表泛指“另一个”。
　　10.C。此处不定式to
sit用作定语，应与被修饰的名词seat构成动宾关系，而sit却是不及物动词，必须加上介词on。
　　11.B。try只表示设法去做某事，而不表示是否做成;manage却表示设法做成了某事。由本句末的but
they
also
read
the
notice
and
went
on得知，不选C。
　　12.B。随着情节的发展，飞机上的人越来越多，快要“满了”，所以用full。
　　13.B。enter作“进入”讲时，一般不与into连用，故不选C。
　　14.A。quickly表示“立刻行动，毫不迟延”用于此处符合the
man
的心境，也大大地增强了文章的幽默感。
　　15.C。take
---off---是固定搭配，意为“把……从……取下”。
【小试牛刀2】
　
短文大意：许多人都喜欢听奉承话，有的人自以为清高，其实也被戴上“高帽子”,
而自己却不知道。
1.
D。
wear
表示状态，
put
on
表示动作。根据结构give
sb.
sth.
to
do可知D为正确选项。
2.
D。
3.
B。
因为要去另一个城市工作了,
故向他的老师道别。
4.
A。
想做一个好官员,
应该说是不容易的。
5.
B。
be
strict
with
sb.
意为“对某人严格要求”。
6.
C。
准备了一百个高帽子，其实就是奉承的好话，而不是做或是买了许多高帽子。
7.
D。
make
sb.
happy意为“使某人高兴”。
8.
A。
9.
B。
这里应该用形容词，表示老师听了他的话有点生气。
10.
D。
由what
引导宾语从句，表示不要忘了老师教过的事。
11.
A。
You
are
right表示赞同老师说的话。
12.
C。
当出现
no,
nothing
nobody
等一系列否定词的时候，只能用almost
不能用
nearly。
13.
B。
听了奉承话以后,
他很高兴。
14.
A。
表示送出了一顶,
而不是买或者卖，与上文相呼应。
15.
A。
left
这里表示“剩下的,
剩余的”。
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