中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
【知识点】八年级上册
Unit1
Playing
Sports?
U1T1
1.?Be
going
to
do
st
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)h.(后面加动词原形,表示按计划或安排要发生的动作,意为“准备;打算”,也表示推测将要或肯定会发生的动作)
否定句:be
not
going
to
do
sth.
疑问句:be
sb.
going
to
do
sth.?
特殊疑问句:疑问词+be+sb.
going
to
do
sth.?
2.?see
sb.
do
sth.看见某人做某事,强调看见事情的全过程或事情的经常性.
重复性发生21cnjy.com
see
sb.
doing
sth.
看见某人正在做某事,强调动作正在进行。类似单词watch,hear等21·cn·jy·com
3.
cheer
sb.
on为…加油,向…欢呼(宾语放在中间)
cheer
sb.
up(使)……振作/高兴起来(宾语放在中间)
4.
practice
sth.练习某事
practice
doing
sth.练习做某事
5.
prefer(过去式preferred,现在分词preferring)
=like
better
用法:(1)prefer
sth.更喜欢某物
(2)prefer
A
to
B
相对于B更喜欢A
(3)prefer
doing
sth.
更喜欢做某事
(4)prefer
doing
A
to
doing
B相对于做B事喜欢做A事
6.
join
&
join
in
Join:后加团队,组织,俱乐部
join
in=take
part
in=be
in:后加活动
7.
wish
&
hope
wish(1)wish+从句
(2)wish
to
do
sth.希望做某事
(3)wish
sb.
to
do
sth.希望某人做某事
hope(1)hope
+that从句
(2)hope
to
do
sth.希望做某事
8.?a
bit=a
little有一点,修饰形容词
a
bit
of+不可数名词=a
little+不可数名词
quite
a
bit/a
little=quite
a
lot相当多的
9.
句式:主语+be+数词+量词+形容词
Eg.He
is
2.26
meters
tall.
10.?(1)play
for为……效力
(2)play
against与……比赛
(3)
play
with
玩某物/与某人玩
11.
dream
of/about(doing)sth.梦见……
12.
grow(过去式grew)
(1)做“生长”讲,不及物动词
Eg:The
flowers
grow
very
well.
(2)做“种植”讲,及物动词
Eg:I
grow
some
flowers
in
my
garden.
13.?spend
&
cost
&
take花费
Spend(人做主语)花费时间和金钱
Sb.
spend…in
some
place某人在某地度过多长时间
Sb.
spend…(in)
doing
sth.某人花费时间或金钱做某事
Sb.
spend…on
sth.某人在某事上花费金钱或时间
Cost(物做主语)花费金钱
Sth.
cost
sb.
some
money某物花费某人多少钱
Take(it做主语)花费时间
It
takes
sb.
some
time
to
do
sth.做某事花费某人多长时间
14.?be
good/bad
for…对……有益处/害处
15.
exercise
n.锻炼,做操,练习,习题
v.锻炼
do
exercise
做运动.
做锻炼
do
eye
exercises
做眼保健操(分节时exercise加-s)
do
morning
exercises
做早操
16.?be
good
at
擅长于…的
be
good
at
sth.
=do
well
in
sth.擅长某事
be
good
at
doing
sth.
=do
well
in
doing
sth.擅长做某事
17.
keep
healthy
=
keep
fit
保持健康
18.
make
&
keep
Make(1)make+宾语+adj.“使…保持…”
Eg:
You
make
me
happy.
(2)make+宾语+n.
Eg:
We
made
him
monitor.
(3)make+宾语+do
sth.=ask+宾语+to
do
sth.
Eg:
My
mom
makes
me
clean
the
room.
=My
mom
asks
me
to
clean
the
room.
(4)make+宾语
doing
sth,使某人一直做某事
Keep(1)keep+adj.
Eg:Keep
quiet.
(2)keep+宾语+adj“使…保持….”
Eg:These
gloves
will
keep
your
hands
warm.
(3)keep
doing
sth.
一直做某事
(4)keep
sb.
from
doing
sth.阻止某人做某事
(5)keep
a
pet
养一个宠物
19.?be
popular
with
sb.对某人来说很受欢迎(受到某人的喜爱)
20.?arrive
in+大地点(城市.
国家……)到达……
arrive
at+小地点(乡村.
车站……注意:飞机场是小地点)到达……
注意:arrive,get
后可直接加地点副词(home)
21.
leave
离开(过去式为left)?
leave
(A)
for
B
(从A处)动身前往B地
注意:leave是趋向动词,常用现在进行时表将来,类似动词还有:come,go,arrive,stay等2·1·c·n·j·y
Leave还可以当“把……留下/把某物忘在某处”
22.
excited人感到兴奋的(主语是人)
exciting
(物)令人感到兴奋的(主语是物)
类似的词还有:
interested---interesting
relaxed---relaxing
bored---boring
surprised---surprising
shocked---shocking
tired---tiring等等
23.?a
number
of+可数名词复数
=many+可数名词复数“大量的,许多的”谓语动词用复数
the
number
of+可数名词复数,“…的数量”,谓语动词用单数
Number用large,small修饰?&
Price用high和low修饰,
U1T2
1.One
of+可数名词复数,表示“……其中之一”,其谓语动词用单数
2.fall
ill生病,得病(fall为系动词,后面加形容词)
be
ill
&
fall
ill
fall
ill强调动作,短暂性动词词组,不能和“for+时间段”连用
be
ill强调状态,是持续性行为,可以和“for+时间段”连用
3.?be
glad
to
do
sth.乐意做某事
4.
句式:Would
you
mind
(not)+v.-ing+其它?
回答:I
am
sorry…
/I'd
afraid
you'd
better
not.(委婉拒绝)
Certainly
not./Of
course
not./No,
not
at
all./Never
mind.(赞同和接受对方建议)21·世纪
教育网
其它用法:(1)Would
you
mind+形容词性物主代词/宾格+doing
sth.
Eg:
Would
you
mind
my/me
smoking
here?
(2)Would
you
mind
+if
从句?
Eg:Would
you
mind
if
I
smoke
?
=Would
you
mind
my
smoking?
5.?双宾语结构:kick
sth.
to
sb.
=kick
sb.
sth.把某物体给某人
pass
sth.
to
sb.
=pass
sb.
sth.把某物传给某人
6.
shout
to
sb.冲某人高声喊
shout
at
sb.冲某人(生气地)叫喊,有骂的含义
7.
have
a
fight(n.)
with
sb.
=fight(v.)
with
sb.与某人争论或打架
注意:fight
for
sth.为……而奋斗
fight
against…与……作斗争(争吵)
8.
do
one's
best
=try
one's
best尽某人最大努力
do
one's
best
to
do
sth.尽某人最大努力去做某事
9.?be
angry
with
sb.因某人而生气
be
angry
with
sb.
for
sth.
因某人做了某事而生气
be
angry
at/about
sth.因某事而生气
10.
be
sorry
for/about
(doing)
sth.因(做了)某事而感到抱歉
11.
have
fun
(in
)
doing
sth.在做某事中获得了极大乐趣
12.?be
sure
that
+从句,表示确信……
如果sure后面的主语和前面的主语是同一个,就用“be
sure
to
do
sth.
如果不是同一个主语就用“be
sure
that……”
补充:be
sure
of/about……对…确信/肯定/有把握,后面可以是名词或代词
13.
(1)at
first起初,一开始?
First
of
all首先,尤为重要的是(反义词组at
last)
(2)so
that…(引导目的状语从句)“为了…,以便于…”
&?so+adj./adv.+that…(引导结果状语从句)“如此…以至于…”
拓展:too…to…“太…以至于不能…”
not
…enough
to
“不足够…做某事”
14.
throw…through…“扔…穿过…”
15.
throw…away扔掉,抛弃
throw…around(about)乱扔
throw…into把…扔进…
throw…out
of…把…抛出去
16.?stop
sb.
(from)
doing
sth.
=prevent…(from)doing
sth.
=keep…from
doing
sth.阻止某人做某事
17.?for
example&
such
as
for
example+句子,前为句号,后有逗号,可放在句首.
句中.
句末
such
as+名词或名词性短语,放在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间,前为逗号,后没有逗号
18.
(1)some
of+可数名词复数/宾格人称代词复数,谓语动词用复数,意为“…其中一些…
(2)some
of+(不可数名词),谓语动词用单数
拓展:many
of+可数名词复数,“…中的很多(人或事)”
much
of+不可数名词“…中的很多”
19.?turn…
into…将…变成…
turn
&
get
&
become
turn,指性质.
品质.
状态.
颜色放生变化,后面加形容词或名词?
?
?
?
turn
A
into
B“把A变成B”www-2-1-cnjy-com
get,多用于口语,表示一种变化过程,强调“渐渐变得”,后面加形容词的比较级
become,多指身份.
职位等的变化,强调变化的结果,后面加形容词
20.
用v.-ing表示伴随状语,前后两句中间有逗号
21.
hit
one's
head
=hit
sb.
on
the
head打某人的头
22.
be+v.-过去分词,表示被动
23.
by(prep.)+doing
sth.
通过某种方式去做某事
24.
be
angry
at/about
sth.对于某事很生气
U1T3
1.?
?Sb.
do
sth.
for
the
first
time.
=It's
the
first
time
for
sb.
to
do
sth.
=It's
one's
first
time
to
do
sth.这是某人第一次去做某事
2.
Let's
make(约定)
it
half
past
six.
注意:这里的时间前不加at
3.
a
symbol
of(名词词组),“…的标志”
stand
for(动词词组),“代表,象征”
4.?each+可数名词单数,“每一个”
5.
every:
①every+可数名词单数
②句式:every+基数词+名词复数
Eg:
every
four
years“每四年,每隔三年”
every
three
days“每三天,每隔两天”
6.
have
the
chance
to
do
sth.有机会去做某事
7.?one
day
有一天,可用在将来时,也可以是过去时
the
other
day
不久前的一天,用于一般过去时
8.
be
able
to
do
sth.(可用于各种时态)
=can
do
sth.(只有一般现在时和一般过去时)“能够做某事”
9.
with
the
help
of
sb.?
=with
one's
help
在某人的帮助下
10.
be
going
to
&
will
&
shall(一般将来时)
a)be
going
to+动词原形
①表示打算.
近期要做的事情?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
②有迹象表明即将发生的事
b)will+动词原形
①表示带意愿色彩的将来或客气的邀请或命令时
②表示说话人认为某事会发生
③客观事情的发生与主观愿望或判断无关
c)shall+动词原形,主语为第一人称
①表示未来的事实或对将来的预测
②表示带意愿色彩的将来或客气的邀请或命令时
d)be+v.-ing表示将来(位移动词):start/leave/fly/move/go/stay/come/arrive等21教育网
11.?for
the
first
time“首次,第一次”在句子中做时间状语
12.
make
friends交朋友
make
friends
with
sb.
与……交朋友
Topic1
I’m
going
to
play
basketball.
1.
常见的感官动词有:see,
watch,
hear,
notice,
smell等。
后可接
①
动词ing形式,表此动作正在发生。
如:“看见某人正在做某事”
see
sb.
doing
sth
②
动词原形,不表此动作正在发生,
表此动作已完成或存在的事实。
如:看见某人做了某事”see
sb.do
sth.
2.
hope后可加
①hope
to
do
sth.?
②hope
+
that从句
3.?win
过去式为won,
winner胜利者.
4.
Would
you
like
+
to
do?
表建议或邀请。
常用I’d
love
to
或I’d
be
glad
to来回答,
不同意也常
用
“I’d
love
to,
but…
”
来拒绝别人。
5.
cheer
sb
on
(以欢呼)激励某人,为某人加油,向某人欢呼
后接
名词,放在cheer
on的中间和后面都可以;人称代词,则必须放在中间。
关掉灯turn
off?the
light/turn?the
light?off
关掉它
turn?it?off
6.?prefer
意为“更喜欢”,其后可接名词、动名词或动词不定式。如:
(1)prefer
A
to
B
相比A更喜欢B
(2)prefer
doing
A
to
doing
B
相比做A更喜欢做B
(3)prefer
to
do
A
rather
than
do
B宁愿做A而不愿做B
7.?与how构成的疑问词有:
How
tall(身高)多高;?
how
high(山)多高;
how
heavy多重;
how
long
多长;
How
wide
多宽;
how
deep
多深;
how
old
多大….
(how
+
adj.)
how
often
多经常
how
long
多久
8.
play
for
为某个队效力;
play
against
与某个队比赛;
play
with
玩某物/与某人玩?
9.
once
a
week,
一周一次
twice
a
week一周两次
three
times
a
week
一周三次
four
times
a
week
一周四次
三次或三次以上用“数字+times”
扩展:对once
a
week提问,要用how
often提问
10.
exercise
“体操、练习”,可数名词。
如:do
morning
exercises;?
do
English
exercises
“锻炼,运动”,不可数名词。
如:do
exercise
“锻炼,运动”,动词。
如:She
exercises
every
morning.
11.
be
good
at…
=
do
well
in…擅长于…
如:I
am
good
at
English.
=
I
do
well
in
English.
be
good
for…
对…有好处,
Running
is
good
for
your
health.
反义词为:be
bad
at
=
do
badly
in
不擅长….?
be
bad
for
对…
有害
12.?make/keep
sb./sth.
+
adj使某人/某物怎么样?
?make
sb./sth.
+
do
sth.使某人/某物做某事
13.
leave
+
地点“离开某地”?
leave
for
+
地点“动身前往某地”
leave
+
地点
+
for
+地点“离开某地去某地”
14.
(1)?join
加入+(人群,组织)
He
joined
in
the
game.
(2)?take
part
in?
=
join
in
=
be
in
参加+(活动,比赛)
I’ll
be
in
the
relay
race.
We’ll
join
the
army.
15.?grow
up
长大成人。
如:when
I
grow
up,
I
want
to
work
in
Shenzhen.
(2)?grow过去式为grew,做“生长”讲时为不及物动词,做“种植”讲时为及物动词。
16.
(1)
spend
some
time/money
(in)
doing
sth.
花费时间/金钱做某事www.21-cn-jy.com
spend还可用于“spend
some
time/money
on
sth.”在某事上花费时间/金钱。如:【来源:21·世纪·教育·网】
I
spend
an
hour
in
practicing
English
every
day.
?扩展:take,
cost和pay也可指花费,但用法不同。
①
take的主语一般it
固定句型It
takes
sb.
some
time
to
do
sth.
表示“做某事花费某人多少时间”。2-1-c-n-j-y
?如:It
takes
me
an
hour
to
do
my
homework
every
day.
②
cost的主语必须是“物”。
固定句型sth.
cost(s)
sb.
some
money
结构中。如:
?如:The
book
cost
me
30
yuan
last
week.
③
pay的主语是人,
固定句型pay...
for。
如;
He
paid
5
yuan
for
this
pen.
17.
表到达的有:
①
arrive
at
+
(小地名);
arrive
in
+(大地名)
②
get
to
+
宾语?
③
reach
+
宾语。
Topic
2
We
should
learn
teamwork.
1.
one
of
+
可数名词复数
+
谓单,译为“......之一”
2.
Would
you
mind
(not)
doing
sth.
你介意(别)做某事吗?(礼貌地请求某人做或别做某事)?21
cnjy
com
Would
you
mind
my
smoking
here??
(I)(常用物主代词
my,
her,
his,
our
等)
PS:(不介意)?肯定回答:Not
at
all
.
/
Of
course
not.
/
Certainly
not.
(
介意
)?否定回答:Sorry,
I
won’t.
/Yes,
please
don’t.
/
You’d
better
not.【来源:21cnj
y.co
m】
3.?keep的用法:?
①
keep
(sb)
doing
sth.
让某人一直做某事
②
keep
+
adj保持怎么样
4.
something,
anythin
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)g,
nothing等都是不定代词,当形容词修饰不定代词、不定副词或特殊疑问词的时候,修饰词要放在这些被修饰词的后面。
something
important重要的事情;
Anything
else?还有别的吗?
Nothing
serious
不严重
5.
be
sorry
for
表为……道歉,后面接名词、代词、从句或动名词。
be
sorry
to
do
sth.
抱歉去做某事。?
6.
be
sure的用法
①
be
sure
to
do
sth..
确信要做某事(表将来)
It’s
sure
to
rain.
肯定要下雨。
②
be
sure
+(that)从句,
We
are
sure
that
we
will
win
next
time.
have
fun
(in)
doing
sth做某事有乐趣
7.
It
is
+
形容词+(for
sb.)
+
to
do
sth.
意为“(对某人而言)做……是……样的”21世纪教育网版权所有
8.?a
large
number
of?大量的许多,
后接谓语动词复数形式
?the
number
of
...?的数量,后接谓语动词单数形式
9.
lost为lose的过去式
lose失去;lose
one’s
life丧命
lose输掉
lose
in
the
game输掉比赛
lose迷失;lose
one’s
way迷路;lose
oneself
in...迷失于……
10.
finish
(doing)
sth.完成(做)某事
11.
(1)?through
介词,意为“通过,穿过”,指从物体的中间通过、穿过(立体空间)
?across介词,意为“通过,穿过”,指从物体的表面通过、穿过
Topic3
The
school
sports
meet
is
coming.
1.
合成形容词:
(1)'s
八百米竞赛
800
meters'race
三分钟的路程?three
minutes'walk
(2)连字符“-”?
男子八百米竞赛
800-meter
race
三分钟的路程
three-minute
walk
2.?be
in
+
活动,表“参加某活动,?相当于take
part
in
和
join
in
3.
exciting
adj.
意为“令人激动的,令人兴奋的”,与其搭配的常是某物
。
excited
adj.
意为“感到激动的,感到兴奋的”,与其搭配的主语通常是人。
?(类似的词还有interesting
和interested,
tired
和
tiring等)
4.
It’s
one’s
first
time
to
do
sth.
是某人第一次做…?
如:It’s
her
first
time
to
cook
dinner.
5.
have
lots
of
fun.
?①?此处
fun
为不可数名词,译为“乐趣”形容词为funny
玩得很愉快
?have
a
good
time
?enjoy
oneself
?②?have
fun
doing
sth.
做某事有趣?
6.
约定在...几点
make
it
+
时刻
(注意没有at)
make
定,约定。
7.?can/be
able
to区别
can
用在现在时和过去时
be
able
to
用于各种时态
can和be
able
to不能连用
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