Unit1 Playing Sports 知识点汇总

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名称 Unit1 Playing Sports 知识点汇总
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
【知识点】八年级上册
Unit1
Playing
Sports?
U1T1
1.?Be
going
to
do
st
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)h.(后面加动词原形,表示按计划或安排要发生的动作,意为“准备;打算”,也表示推测将要或肯定会发生的动作)
否定句:be
not
going
to
do
sth.
疑问句:be
sb.
going
to
do
sth.?
特殊疑问句:疑问词+be+sb.
going
to
do
sth.?
2.?see
sb.
do
sth.看见某人做某事,强调看见事情的全过程或事情的经常性.
重复性发生21cnjy.com
see
sb.
doing
sth.
看见某人正在做某事,强调动作正在进行。类似单词watch,hear等21·cn·jy·com
3.
cheer
sb.
on为…加油,向…欢呼(宾语放在中间)
cheer
sb.
up(使)……振作/高兴起来(宾语放在中间)
4.
practice
sth.练习某事
practice
doing
sth.练习做某事
5.
prefer(过去式preferred,现在分词preferring)
=like
better
用法:(1)prefer
sth.更喜欢某物
(2)prefer
A
to
B
相对于B更喜欢A
(3)prefer
doing
sth.
更喜欢做某事
(4)prefer
doing
A
to
doing
B相对于做B事喜欢做A事
6.
join
&
join
in
Join:后加团队,组织,俱乐部
join
in=take
part
in=be
in:后加活动
7.
wish
&
hope
wish(1)wish+从句
(2)wish
to
do
sth.希望做某事
(3)wish
sb.
to
do
sth.希望某人做某事
hope(1)hope
+that从句
(2)hope
to
do
sth.希望做某事
8.?a
bit=a
little有一点,修饰形容词
a
bit
of+不可数名词=a
little+不可数名词
quite
a
bit/a
little=quite
a
lot相当多的
9.
句式:主语+be+数词+量词+形容词
Eg.He
is
2.26
meters
tall.
10.?(1)play
for为……效力
(2)play
against与……比赛
(3)
play
with
玩某物/与某人玩
11.
dream
of/about(doing)sth.梦见……
12.
grow(过去式grew)
(1)做“生长”讲,不及物动词
Eg:The
flowers
grow
very
well.
(2)做“种植”讲,及物动词
Eg:I
grow
some
flowers
in
my
garden.
13.?spend
&
cost
&
take花费
Spend(人做主语)花费时间和金钱
Sb.
spend…in
some
place某人在某地度过多长时间
Sb.
spend…(in)
doing
sth.某人花费时间或金钱做某事
Sb.
spend…on
sth.某人在某事上花费金钱或时间
Cost(物做主语)花费金钱
Sth.
cost
sb.
some
money某物花费某人多少钱
Take(it做主语)花费时间
It
takes
sb.
some
time
to
do
sth.做某事花费某人多长时间
14.?be
good/bad
for…对……有益处/害处
15.
exercise
n.锻炼,做操,练习,习题
v.锻炼
do
exercise
做运动.
做锻炼
do
eye
exercises
做眼保健操(分节时exercise加-s)
do
morning
exercises
做早操
16.?be
good
at
擅长于…的
be
good
at
sth.
=do
well
in
sth.擅长某事
be
good
at
doing
sth.
=do
well
in
doing
sth.擅长做某事
17.
keep
healthy
=
keep
fit
保持健康
18.
make
&
keep
Make(1)make+宾语+adj.“使…保持…”
Eg:
You
make
me
happy.
(2)make+宾语+n.
Eg:
We
made
him
monitor.
(3)make+宾语+do
sth.=ask+宾语+to
do
sth.
Eg:
My
mom
makes
me
clean
the
room.
=My
mom
asks
me
to
clean
the
room.
(4)make+宾语
doing
sth,使某人一直做某事
Keep(1)keep+adj.
Eg:Keep
quiet.
(2)keep+宾语+adj“使…保持….”
Eg:These
gloves
will
keep
your
hands
warm.
(3)keep
doing
sth.
一直做某事
(4)keep
sb.
from
doing
sth.阻止某人做某事
(5)keep
a
pet
养一个宠物
19.?be
popular
with
sb.对某人来说很受欢迎(受到某人的喜爱)
20.?arrive
in+大地点(城市.
国家……)到达……
arrive
at+小地点(乡村.
车站……注意:飞机场是小地点)到达……
注意:arrive,get
后可直接加地点副词(home)
21.
leave
离开(过去式为left)?
leave
(A)
for
B
(从A处)动身前往B地
注意:leave是趋向动词,常用现在进行时表将来,类似动词还有:come,go,arrive,stay等2·1·c·n·j·y
Leave还可以当“把……留下/把某物忘在某处”
22.
excited人感到兴奋的(主语是人)
exciting
(物)令人感到兴奋的(主语是物)
类似的词还有:
interested---interesting
relaxed---relaxing
bored---boring
surprised---surprising
shocked---shocking
tired---tiring等等
23.?a
number
of+可数名词复数
=many+可数名词复数“大量的,许多的”谓语动词用复数
the
number
of+可数名词复数,“…的数量”,谓语动词用单数
Number用large,small修饰?&
Price用high和low修饰,
U1T2
1.One
of+可数名词复数,表示“……其中之一”,其谓语动词用单数
2.fall
ill生病,得病(fall为系动词,后面加形容词)
be
ill
&
fall
ill
fall
ill强调动作,短暂性动词词组,不能和“for+时间段”连用
be
ill强调状态,是持续性行为,可以和“for+时间段”连用
3.?be
glad
to
do
sth.乐意做某事
4.
句式:Would
you
mind
(not)+v.-ing+其它?
回答:I
am
sorry…
/I'd
afraid
you'd
better
not.(委婉拒绝)
Certainly
not./Of
course
not./No,
not
at
all./Never
mind.(赞同和接受对方建议)21·世纪
教育网
其它用法:(1)Would
you
mind+形容词性物主代词/宾格+doing
sth.
Eg:
Would
you
mind
my/me
smoking
here?
(2)Would
you
mind
+if
从句?
Eg:Would
you
mind
if
I
smoke
?
=Would
you
mind
my
smoking?
5.?双宾语结构:kick
sth.
to
sb.
=kick
sb.
sth.把某物体给某人
pass
sth.
to
sb.
=pass
sb.
sth.把某物传给某人
6.
shout
to
sb.冲某人高声喊
shout
at
sb.冲某人(生气地)叫喊,有骂的含义
7.
have
a
fight(n.)
with
sb.
=fight(v.)
with
sb.与某人争论或打架
注意:fight
for
sth.为……而奋斗
fight
against…与……作斗争(争吵)
8.
do
one's
best
=try
one's
best尽某人最大努力
do
one's
best
to
do
sth.尽某人最大努力去做某事
9.?be
angry
with
sb.因某人而生气
be
angry
with
sb.
for
sth.
因某人做了某事而生气
be
angry
at/about
sth.因某事而生气
10.
be
sorry
for/about
(doing)
sth.因(做了)某事而感到抱歉
11.
have
fun
(in
)
doing
sth.在做某事中获得了极大乐趣
12.?be
sure
that
+从句,表示确信……
如果sure后面的主语和前面的主语是同一个,就用“be
sure
to
do
sth.
如果不是同一个主语就用“be
sure
that……”
补充:be
sure
of/about……对…确信/肯定/有把握,后面可以是名词或代词
13.
(1)at
first起初,一开始?
First
of
all首先,尤为重要的是(反义词组at
last)
(2)so
that…(引导目的状语从句)“为了…,以便于…”
&?so+adj./adv.+that…(引导结果状语从句)“如此…以至于…”
拓展:too…to…“太…以至于不能…”
not
…enough
to
“不足够…做某事”
14.
throw…through…“扔…穿过…”
15.
throw…away扔掉,抛弃
throw…around(about)乱扔
throw…into把…扔进…
throw…out
of…把…抛出去
16.?stop
sb.
(from)
doing
sth.
=prevent…(from)doing
sth.
=keep…from
doing
sth.阻止某人做某事
17.?for
example&
such
as
for
example+句子,前为句号,后有逗号,可放在句首.
句中.
句末
such
as+名词或名词性短语,放在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间,前为逗号,后没有逗号
18.
(1)some
of+可数名词复数/宾格人称代词复数,谓语动词用复数,意为“…其中一些…
(2)some
of+(不可数名词),谓语动词用单数
拓展:many
of+可数名词复数,“…中的很多(人或事)”
much
of+不可数名词“…中的很多”
19.?turn…
into…将…变成…
turn
&
get
&
become
turn,指性质.
品质.
状态.
颜色放生变化,后面加形容词或名词?
?
?
?
turn
A
into
B“把A变成B”www-2-1-cnjy-com
get,多用于口语,表示一种变化过程,强调“渐渐变得”,后面加形容词的比较级
become,多指身份.
职位等的变化,强调变化的结果,后面加形容词
20.
用v.-ing表示伴随状语,前后两句中间有逗号
21.
hit
one's
head
=hit
sb.
on
the
head打某人的头
22.
be+v.-过去分词,表示被动
23.
by(prep.)+doing
sth.
通过某种方式去做某事
24.
be
angry
at/about
sth.对于某事很生气
U1T3
1.?
?Sb.
do
sth.
for
the
first
time.
=It's
the
first
time
for
sb.
to
do
sth.
=It's
one's
first
time
to
do
sth.这是某人第一次去做某事
2.
Let's
make(约定)
it
half
past
six.
注意:这里的时间前不加at
3.
a
symbol
of(名词词组),“…的标志”
stand
for(动词词组),“代表,象征”
4.?each+可数名词单数,“每一个”
5.
every:
①every+可数名词单数
②句式:every+基数词+名词复数
Eg:
every
four
years“每四年,每隔三年”
every
three
days“每三天,每隔两天”
6.
have
the
chance
to
do
sth.有机会去做某事
7.?one
day
有一天,可用在将来时,也可以是过去时
the
other
day
不久前的一天,用于一般过去时
8.
be
able
to
do
sth.(可用于各种时态)
=can
do
sth.(只有一般现在时和一般过去时)“能够做某事”
9.
with
the
help
of
sb.?
=with
one's
help
在某人的帮助下
10.
be
going
to
&
will
&
shall(一般将来时)
a)be
going
to+动词原形
①表示打算.
近期要做的事情?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
②有迹象表明即将发生的事
b)will+动词原形
①表示带意愿色彩的将来或客气的邀请或命令时
②表示说话人认为某事会发生
③客观事情的发生与主观愿望或判断无关
c)shall+动词原形,主语为第一人称
①表示未来的事实或对将来的预测
②表示带意愿色彩的将来或客气的邀请或命令时
d)be+v.-ing表示将来(位移动词):start/leave/fly/move/go/stay/come/arrive等21教育网
11.?for
the
first
time“首次,第一次”在句子中做时间状语
12.
make
friends交朋友
make
friends
with
sb.
与……交朋友
Topic1
I’m
going
to
play
basketball.
1.
常见的感官动词有:see,
watch,
hear,
notice,
smell等。
后可接

动词ing形式,表此动作正在发生。
如:“看见某人正在做某事”
see
sb.
doing
sth

动词原形,不表此动作正在发生,
表此动作已完成或存在的事实。
如:看见某人做了某事”see
sb.do
sth.
2.
hope后可加
①hope
to
do
sth.?
②hope
+
that从句
3.?win
过去式为won,
winner胜利者.
4.
Would
you
like
+
to
do?
表建议或邀请。
常用I’d
love
to
或I’d
be
glad
to来回答,
不同意也常

“I’d
love
to,
but…

来拒绝别人。
5.
cheer
sb
on
(以欢呼)激励某人,为某人加油,向某人欢呼
后接
名词,放在cheer
on的中间和后面都可以;人称代词,则必须放在中间。
关掉灯turn
off?the
light/turn?the
light?off
关掉它
turn?it?off
6.?prefer
意为“更喜欢”,其后可接名词、动名词或动词不定式。如:
(1)prefer
A
to
B
相比A更喜欢B
(2)prefer
doing
A
to
doing
B
相比做A更喜欢做B
(3)prefer
to
do
A
rather
than
do
B宁愿做A而不愿做B
7.?与how构成的疑问词有:
How
tall(身高)多高;?
how
high(山)多高;
how
heavy多重;
how
long
多长;
How
wide
多宽;
how
deep
多深;
how
old
多大….
(how
+
adj.)
how
often
多经常
how
long
多久
8.
play
for
为某个队效力;
play
against
与某个队比赛;
play
with
玩某物/与某人玩?
9.
once
a
week,
一周一次
twice
a
week一周两次
three
times
a
week
一周三次
four
times
a
week
一周四次
三次或三次以上用“数字+times”
扩展:对once
a
week提问,要用how
often提问
10.
exercise
“体操、练习”,可数名词。
如:do
morning
exercises;?
do
English
exercises
“锻炼,运动”,不可数名词。
如:do
exercise
“锻炼,运动”,动词。
如:She
exercises
every
morning.
11.
be
good
at…
=
do
well
in…擅长于…
如:I
am
good
at
English.
=
I
do
well
in
English.
be
good
for…
对…有好处,
Running
is
good
for
your
health.
反义词为:be
bad
at
=
do
badly
in
不擅长….?
be
bad
for
对…
有害
12.?make/keep
sb./sth.
+
adj使某人/某物怎么样?
?make
sb./sth.
+
do
sth.使某人/某物做某事
13.
leave
+
地点“离开某地”?
leave
for
+
地点“动身前往某地”
leave
+
地点
+
for
+地点“离开某地去某地”
14.
(1)?join
加入+(人群,组织)
He
joined
in
the
game.
(2)?take
part
in?
=
join
in
=
be
in
参加+(活动,比赛)
I’ll
be
in
the
relay
race.
We’ll
join
the
army.
15.?grow
up
长大成人。
如:when
I
grow
up,
I
want
to
work
in
Shenzhen.
(2)?grow过去式为grew,做“生长”讲时为不及物动词,做“种植”讲时为及物动词。
16.
(1)
spend
some
time/money
(in)
doing
sth.
花费时间/金钱做某事www.21-cn-jy.com
spend还可用于“spend
some
time/money
on
sth.”在某事上花费时间/金钱。如:【来源:21·世纪·教育·网】
I
spend
an
hour
in
practicing
English
every
day.
?扩展:take,
cost和pay也可指花费,但用法不同。

take的主语一般it
固定句型It
takes
sb.
some
time
to
do
sth.
表示“做某事花费某人多少时间”。2-1-c-n-j-y
?如:It
takes
me
an
hour
to
do
my
homework
every
day.

cost的主语必须是“物”。
固定句型sth.
cost(s)
sb.
some
money
结构中。如:
?如:The
book
cost
me
30
yuan
last
week.

pay的主语是人,
固定句型pay...
for。
如;
He
paid
5
yuan
for
this
pen.
17.
表到达的有:

arrive
at
+
(小地名);
arrive
in
+(大地名)

get
to
+
宾语?

reach
+
宾语。
Topic
2
We
should
learn
teamwork.
1.
one
of
+
可数名词复数
+
谓单,译为“......之一”
2.
Would
you
mind
(not)
doing
sth.
你介意(别)做某事吗?(礼貌地请求某人做或别做某事)?21
cnjy
com
Would
you
mind
my
smoking
here??
(I)(常用物主代词
my,
her,
his,
our
等)
PS:(不介意)?肯定回答:Not
at
all
.
/
Of
course
not.
/
Certainly
not.
(
介意
)?否定回答:Sorry,
I
won’t.
/Yes,
please
don’t.
/
You’d
better
not.【来源:21cnj
y.co
m】
3.?keep的用法:?

keep
(sb)
doing
sth.
让某人一直做某事

keep
+
adj保持怎么样
4.
something,
anythin
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)g,
nothing等都是不定代词,当形容词修饰不定代词、不定副词或特殊疑问词的时候,修饰词要放在这些被修饰词的后面。
something
important重要的事情;
Anything
else?还有别的吗?
Nothing
serious
不严重
5.
be
sorry
for
表为……道歉,后面接名词、代词、从句或动名词。
be
sorry
to
do
sth.
抱歉去做某事。?
6.
be
sure的用法

be
sure
to
do
sth..
确信要做某事(表将来)
It’s
sure
to
rain.
肯定要下雨。

be
sure
+(that)从句,
We
are
sure
that
we
will
win
next
time.
have
fun
(in)
doing
sth做某事有乐趣
7.
It
is
+
形容词+(for
sb.)
+
to
do
sth.
意为“(对某人而言)做……是……样的”21世纪教育网版权所有
8.?a
large
number
of?大量的许多,
后接谓语动词复数形式
?the
number
of
...?的数量,后接谓语动词单数形式
9.
lost为lose的过去式
lose失去;lose
one’s
life丧命
lose输掉
lose
in
the
game输掉比赛
lose迷失;lose
one’s
way迷路;lose
oneself
in...迷失于……
10.
finish
(doing)
sth.完成(做)某事
11.
(1)?through
介词,意为“通过,穿过”,指从物体的中间通过、穿过(立体空间)
?across介词,意为“通过,穿过”,指从物体的表面通过、穿过
Topic3
The
school
sports
meet
is
coming.
1.
合成形容词:
(1)'s
八百米竞赛
800
meters'race
三分钟的路程?three
minutes'walk
(2)连字符“-”?
男子八百米竞赛
800-meter
race
三分钟的路程
three-minute
walk
2.?be
in
+
活动,表“参加某活动,?相当于take
part
in

join
in
3.
exciting
adj.
意为“令人激动的,令人兴奋的”,与其搭配的常是某物

excited
adj.
意为“感到激动的,感到兴奋的”,与其搭配的主语通常是人。
?(类似的词还有interesting
和interested,
tired

tiring等)
4.
It’s
one’s
first
time
to
do
sth.
是某人第一次做…?
如:It’s
her
first
time
to
cook
dinner.
5.
have
lots
of
fun.
?①?此处
fun
为不可数名词,译为“乐趣”形容词为funny
玩得很愉快
?have
a
good
time
?enjoy
oneself
?②?have
fun
doing
sth.
做某事有趣?
6.
约定在...几点
make
it
+
时刻
(注意没有at)
make
定,约定。
7.?can/be
able
to区别
can
用在现在时和过去时
be
able
to
用于各种时态
can和be
able
to不能连用
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