外研版1—6年级知识点汇总

1-6年级知识点大全
小学阶段必备的英语语法知识点，时态，句型，常用词大全，你需要的都在这儿了，多读几遍，记在脑子里哦！
1现在进行时
表示正在发生的事情或进行的动作，常与now,listen,look等词连用，结构是主语+be动词(am,
is,
are)+动词ing.
如：It
is
raining
now.
外面正在下雨
It
is
six
o’clock
now.
现在6点了
My
parents
are
reading
newspapers
in
the
sitting
room.
我父母正在客厅看报纸
Look!
The
children
are
having
a
running
race
now.
看！孩子们正在赛跑
问句将be动词移前，否定句在be动词后+not.
2一般现在时
表示经常反复发生的事情或动作，常与often,
usually,
sometimes,
always,
every
day(week
year…)
on
Sundays等词连用。
结构是主语+动词原形；当主语为第三人称单数即he,she,
it,
Tom,
my
mother,
the
boy等词时，动词后加s或es.
如：We
have
an
English
lesson
every
day.
我们每天都要上英语课
Do
the
boys
run
faster
than
the
girls?
Yes,
they
do.
男孩比女孩跑的快吗？是的
问句借助于do,
does否定句借助于don’t,
doesn’t，后面动词一定要还原。
3一般过去时
表示发生在过去的事情或存在的状态，常与just
now;
a
moment
ago;
…
ago;
yesterday;
last
(
week;
month;
year;
Monday;
weekend);
this
morning等词连用。
结构是主语+be动词的过去式（was;
were）或主语+动词的过去式。
注意：be动词与动词过去式不可同时使用。
如：My
earphones
were
on
the
ground
just
now.
我的耳机刚刚还在呢。
Where
were
you
last
week?
I
was
at
a
camp.
你上个星期去哪了？我去野营了
What
did
you
do
yesterday?
I
visited
a
farm
你昨天去干嘛了？我去参观农场了。
问句有be动词将be动词移前，没有be动词借助于did，后面动词还原；
否定句有be动词在后面加not，没有借助于didn
t后面动词还原。
4一般将来时
表示将要打算发生的事情或动作，常与tomorrow,
next
week(year;
Tuesday…),
this
week(
weekend
;evening;
afternoon;…)today等词连用。结构是主语+be(am,
is,
are)
going
to
+
动原或主语+will
+动原。
如：What
are
you
going
to
do
tomorrow?
I
am
going
to
have
a
picnic.
你明天要去干嘛？我要去野餐。
The
childre
are
going
to
have
a
sports
meeting
next
week.
孩子们下个星期将参加运动会。
Tom
will/is
going
to
see
a
play
with
his
father
this
evening.
Tom今晚将和父母去看演出。
问句将be动词或will移前；否定句在be动词或will后加not.
5情态动词
can;
can’t;
should;
shouldn’t;
must;
may后一定加动词原形。
如：The
girl
can’t
swim,
but
she
can
skate.
女孩不会游泳，但是会滑冰
Don’t
talk
in
class,
you
should
listen
to
the
teacher
carefully.
不要再课上说话，你应该认真听老师讲。
6祈使句
肯定祈使句以动词原形开头；否定祈使句以don’t加动词原形开头。
如：Open
the
box
for
me
,please.
请为我打开盒子。
Liu
Tao!
Please
get
up
earlier
tomorrow.
刘涛，明天请早点起床！
Don’t
walk
on
the
grass!
不要在草地上走！
Helen!
Don’t
climb
the
tree,please.
海伦！不要爬树。
7go的用法
去干嘛用go
+动词ing
如:
go
swimming;
go
fishing;
go
skating;
go
camping;
go
running;
go
skiing;
go
rowing…
8比较
than
前用比较级；as…as之间用原级。
如：My
mother
is
two
years
younger
than
my
father.
我妈比我爸年轻两岁。
Liu
Tao
jumps
as
far
as
Ben.
刘涛跳得和本一样远。
9喜欢做某事
用like
+动词ing或like+
to
+
动原。
如：Su
Yang
likes
growing
flowers.
苏阳喜欢种花。
The
children
like
to
play
with
lanterns
at
Spring
Festival.
孩子们喜欢在春节去玩花灯。
10想要做某事
用
would
like
+to+动原或want
+
to
+动原。
例：I’d
like
to
visit
the
History
Museum.=I
want
to
visit
the
History
Museum
11some
用于肯定句中，在否定句和问句中改为any,但当表示委婉语气时仍用
如：Can
I
have
some
writing
paper?
Would
you
like
some
orange
juice?
12代词
人称代词主格做主语用一般放在句首或动词前，主格分别是
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they。
宾格做宾语用，一般放在动词或介词后
如：Open
them
for
me.?Let
us
…,
join
me等。
宾格分别是me
you
him
her
it
us
you
them。
形容词性物主代词放在名词前，不能单独使用，分别是my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their
名词性物主代词相当于形物加名词，它只能单独使用后面不好加名词，分别是mine
yours
his
hers
its
ours
yours
theirs。
13介词
介词后要么不加动词，加动词只能加动词ing形式
如：be
good
at
running;
do
well
in
jumping;
14时间介词
季节前，月份前用介词in
如：in
summer；in
March
具体的哪一天如星期几，几月几日用介词on
如：on
Saturday;
on
the
second
of
April;
on
Wednesday
morning
在几点钟前用介词at
如：at
a
quarter
to
four;
只在上下午晚上用in
如：in
the
morning/
afternoon/
evening;
但在夜间用at
night。
另：季节，月份和星期前不好加the.
15名词复数构成的方法
有规则的有：
(1)直接在名词后加s
如orange—oranges;
photo—photos;
(2)
以x,
s,
sh,
ch
结尾的加es
如：box—boxes;
glass—glasses;
waitress—waitresses;
watch—watches;peach--peaches
(3)
以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es
如：study—studies；library—libraries;
hobby—hobbies;
family—families;
(4)以f,
fe结尾的改f,
fe
为v＋es如：knife—knives;
thief—thieves（注:以o结尾的我们学过的只有mango加es,
mango—mangoes其余加s,）
不规则的有：
man—men;
woman—women;
people—people;
child—children
16动词第三人称单数的构成
(1)直接在动词后加s
如：run—runs;
dance—dances
(2)以s,sh,ch,o结尾的加es
如：do—does;go—goes;wash—washes;catch—catches
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es
如：study—studies;
carry—carries;
17现在分词的构成
(1)直接在动词后加ing
如：sing—singing;
ski—skiing;
(2)双写词尾加ing
如：swim—swimming;
jog—jogging;run—running;
(3)以不发音的e结尾的去e加ing
如：ride—riding;
dance—dancing;
make—making;
18规则动词过去式的构成
(1)直接在动词后加ed
如：clean—cleaned;
milk—milked;
play—played;
(2)以e结尾的直接加d
如：dance—danced;
taste—tasted;
(3)
以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加ed
如：study—studied;carry—carried;
(4)双写词尾加ed
如：stop—stopped;
jog—jogged;
不规则的有：am,is—was;
are—were;
do,does—did;
have,has—had;
go—went;
meet—met;
sit—sat;
see—saw;
get—got;
tell—told;
run—ran;
come—came;
steal—stole;
read—read;
19形容词副词比较级的构成
规则的：
(1)直接在形容词或副词后加er
如；small—smaller;
low—lower;
(2)以e结尾的加r
如：late—larer;
(3)双写词尾加er
如：big—bigger;
thin—thinner;
fat—fatter;
(4)
以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加er
如：heavy—heavier;
early—earlier;
不规则的有：
good,
well—better(最高级为best);
many,
much---
more(最高级为most);
far---farther;
20rain与snow的用法
(1)作为名词意思是雨水和雪是不可数名词
如：There
is
a
lot
of
rain
there
in
spring.
那儿的春天有很多雨水。
(2)
作为动词意思是下雨和下雪，有四种形式分别是：
动词原形rain，
snow；
第三人称单数rains
，snows；
现在分词raining；snowing
过去式rained；snowed;
如：①Look!
It
is
raining
now.
瞧！天正在下雨。
②It
often
rains
in
Nantong
in
summer.南通夏天经常下雨。
③
It
rained
yesterday.昨天下了雨。
④It
is
going
to
rain
tomorrow.
明天要下雨。
(3)形容词为rainy
和snowy
意思是有雨的和有雪的
如：It
is
often
rainy
here
in
spring.这儿的春天经常是有雨的。
If
it
is
rainy
tomorrow,
I’ll
stay
at
home.如果明天是有雨的，我将呆在家里。
21比较级
注意只有同类事物才可进行比较。
如：My
eyes
are
bigger
than
hers.Your
school
bag
is
heavier
than
mine.
My
computer
is
nicer
than
Nancy’s.
My
brother
is
stronger
than
me.
22have,
has
表示某人有(has用于第三人称单数)；There
is/
are;
There
was/
were
表示某地存在有
注意There
be
句型的就近原则
单数或不可数用there
is
/was;
复数用there
are/
were.
23本身就是复数的词
眼镜glasses;
耳机earphones;
鞋shoes;裤子trousers等词本身是复数。
如：My
glasses
were
on
the
chair
just
now.
但如果表示这双，这副，一双的时候用单数
如：There
is
a
pair
of
chopsticks
on
the
plate.
This
pair
of
earphones
is
for
you.
24五个元音字母分别是Aa,
Ee,
Ii,
Oo,
Uu;
25一个的用法
a用于辅音前不是辅音字母前；an
用于元音前不是元音字母前。
如：There
is
an
’s’,
a
‘t’,
a
‘u’,
a
‘d’
,an
‘e’,
an
‘n’,and
a
‘t’
in
the
word
‘student’.
26时间表示法有两种：
（1）直接读时钟和分钟。
如6:10读成
six
ten;
7:30读成seven
thirty;
8:45读成eight
forty-five;
(2)用to与past表示。
在半小时包括半小时以内用几分past几点
如：6：10读成ten
past
six;
7:30读成half
past
seven;
过了半小时用下一个钟点差几分
如7：45读成a
quarter
to
eight;
9:50读成ten
to
ten;
27基数词变序数词的方法
基变序有规律，结尾加上th;
一二三特殊例，结尾字母t、d(即first,
second,
third);
八去t，
九去e，
ve要用f替（即eigh—eighth;
nine—ninth;
five--
fifth
;twelve—twelfth）；
ty改y为ie后加th别忘记(即整十数如twenty—twentieth；forty—fortieth);
几十几十位为基个位为序（如第二十一为twenty-first）。
另外强调序数词前一定要加the。
28日期的表示法
用the+序数词+
of
+月
如:三月三日
the
third
of
March;
12月25日
the
25th
of
December.
29both
表示两者都如：My
parents
are
both
teachers.
all表示三者以上都如：The
students
are
all
very
excited.
30节日的表示法
有day的节日前用on.没有day的节日前用at,
如：at
Christmas;
on
Christmas
Day;
at
New
Year;
on
New
Year’s
Day.
31激动兴奋的
excited表示激动的，兴奋地主语是人；
exciting表示令人激动的，令人兴奋的主语是事情
如：The
running
race
is
very
exciting,
so
all
the
students
are
very
excited.
赛跑非常令人激动，因此所有的学生都很激动。
32比较
两者比较用比较级，三者以上比较用最高级
如：Who
runs
faster,
the
boy
or
the
girl?
The
boy
does
Which
season
do
you
like
best?
I
like
autumn
best.
Which
season
do
you
like
better,
summer
or
winter?
I
like
winter
better.
33动词还原的用法
前面用了do,
does
did,
don’t,
doesn’t
didn’t后面动词要还原。
如：Did
she
watch
TV
last
night?
Helen
doesn’t
like
taking
photos.
34到了到达用get
to
但注意到家，到这儿，到那儿不可以加to
如：get
home;
get
here;
get
there,
另外go
home;
come
here;
go
there也一样。
35长着和穿着
长着什么用with如：the
girl
with
big
eyes
大眼睛的女孩；
穿着什么用in
如：the
man
in
black穿黑衣服的男人
36让某人做某事
用let
sb后加动词原形
如：Let’s
water
the
flowers
together.
是该做…的时候了用It’s
time
for+名词或It’s
time
to
+动原。
帮助某人做某事是help
sb
with
sth
如：帮我学英语是
help
me
with
my
English
37树上外来的东西在树上用in
the
tree如：the
bird
in
the
tree;树上长的用on
the
tree
如：the
apples
on
the
tree
38运动和乐器球类之前不加the;
乐器之前必须加the如：play
the
piano;
play
football
39get后加比较级表示变得更怎么样?
如：get
stronger;
get?longer