2020年中考英语语法复习——情态动词 课件（20张PPT）

中考语法复习
情态动词Ⅰ
基本定义
基本用法
易混淆的情态动词的辨析
精选练习
Content
情态动词(Modal verbs)
表示说话人对某一动作和状态的态度，或表主观设想。它本身有自己的词义，
但是不能独立作谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语，没有人称和数的变化。
主要有下列:can (could)
may (might)
shall (should)
will (would)
must
need
ought to/ dare (dared)
情态动词Ⅰ
can，could
can
1.表示能力，“会，能够”
例：Birds can fly in the sky.鸟儿能在空中飞翔。
2.在疑问句中表示请求、允许，“可以”；口语中常用may代替
例：What can I do for you？有什么能帮上你的吗？
could (can的过去式)
1.表示过去的能力，“会，能够”
例：Lily could play the violin well when she was young.莉莉小的时候小提琴拉得很好。
2.在疑问句中表示委婉的请求
例：Could you open the
window？你能开一下窗户吗？
may，might
may
1.表示请求、许可，
“可以”
例：May I help you？我能帮上你什么忙吗？
2.may用在祈使句中表示祝愿
例：May you be happy！祝你幸福！
might(may的过去式)
表示请求、许可时语气比may更委婉
例：Might I smoke here？我可以在这里吸烟吗？
must，mustn't
must
表示义务，“必须”
例：I must go to the post office today.
我今天必须要去邮局。
mustn't
“禁止”
例：You mustn't play soccer on the street.
禁止在街上踢足球。
need
1.作情态动词，“需要”，主要用于一般疑问句和否定句，其肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn't
例：—Need I finish the work today？
我需要今天完成这项工作吗？
—Yes，you must./N o，you needn't.
是的，你必须完成。/不，你不必。
2.作实义动词，“需要”，常用结
构：need＋n./to do sth.
例：She needs some food and fruit.
她需要一些食物和水果。
shall
常用于第一人称的一般疑问句，表示征求意见或建议
例：Shall we go to the museum on Sunday？
我们星期天去博物馆好吗？
should(不可看作shall的过去式)
用于各种人称，表示劝告或建议，“应该”
例：Teenagers should be allowed to make their own choices.青少年应该被允许自己去做选择。
will，would
will
常用于第二人称的疑问句，表示询问对方的意愿或提出请求
例：Will you pass me the book？
你把那本书递给我好吗？
would(will的过去式)
表示询问对方的意愿或提出请求时语气比will委婉，常与like，love连用
例：Would you like to come to my birthday party？你愿意来参加我的生日派对吗？
can
只能表示现在的能力
例：Sam can speak English well.萨姆英语说得好。
could
只能表示过去的能力
例：Jim couldn't speak Chinese last year，but now he can.吉姆去年不会说汉语，但现在他会了。
be able to
能用于各种时态，常用短语：be able to do sth.
例：I haven't been able to get in touch with her.
我还没能和她联系上。
can ,could, be able to的区别
have to, must 的区别
have to
must
含义
“不得不”(表示客观必要)
“必须”(强调人的主观看法)
时态
有人称和数的变化，可用于多种时态
没有人称和数的变化，一般用于现在时
否定含义
表示“不需要”
表示“禁止”
一、选择适当的情态动词填空。
1．He _________(can/must)speak English very well although he has studied it for only one year.
2．—Many people play with mobile phones all day instead of reading books.
—That's too bad.Everyone _________(may/should)be a book lover.Reading is more enjoyable.
3．I can't go with you. I ________(can/must)stay at home until my parents come back.
4．I hear you've got a new watch._________(Should/May)I have a look?
5．You _________(mustn't/needn't)walk too close to the edge of the hill because you might fall and hurt yourselves.
can
should
must
May
mustn't
6．You _________(can't/needn't)take me to the station.My brother will take me.
7．My father _________(shall/had to)give up his job because of his poor health three years ago.
8．—Need your mother do housework every day?
—Yes, she _________(must/need)．
9．—Could I borrow your dictionary?
—Yes, of course you _________(can/could)．
10．—Must I hand in my book report today，Mr.Brown?
—No, you _________(mustn't/needn't)．The book report is due in two weeks.
needn't
had to
must
can
needn't
Thanks for listening!
中考语法复习
情态动词Ⅱ
情态动词表猜测的用法
精选练习
Content
情态动词Ⅱ
情态动词表推测
must
表肯定推测
一定，肯定(100%的可能性)
用于肯定句，表示非常有把握的肯定推测
例：The purse must be Jim's.
Look，his student card is in it.
这个钱包一定是吉姆的。瞧，他的学生证在里面。
may
有可能，也许(可能性小于must)
用于肯定句，表示把握不大的推测
例：It may be Lucy's. She just bought one the other day.这可能是露西的。她刚好前几天买了这么一个。
情态动词表推测
might/could
表肯定推测
有可能，也许(可能性小于may)
表推测，语气缓和，比较委婉
例：Peter might come with us
tonight，but he isn't very sure yet.彼得今晚可能会和我们一起去，但他还不太确定。
can't
表否定推测
一定不，不可能(0%的可能性)
语气强烈
例：—Is Helen knocking at the door？
是海伦在敲门吗？
—No.It can't be Helen.She is in America now.不，不可能是海伦。她现在在美国。
may not
可能不
语气不确定
例：It may not be my pen.这可能不是我的钢笔。
综合演练
一、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词。
1．When you break the rules，you should _____________(道歉)to your teacher.
2．You must be more careful and ________(避免)the same mistakes you've ever made.
3．You can't _________(想象)how happy I was when I heard the good news.
4．Watching too much TV will _________(损害)your eyes.
5．How could the brain _________(连接)so many facts so quickly?
6．We can _________(表达)our true feelings by reading aloud.
apologize
avoid
imagine
harm
connect
express
综合演练
用适当的情态动词填空。
1．That _________ be true.I don't believe that.
2．This book _________ belong to Tim.His name is on the cover.
3．—How will the weather be tomorrow?
—It _________ be rainy，cloudy or sunny.Who knows?
4．—What's the matter with Tom？He has been away for two days.
—Oh! He _________ be ill.Let's go and ask Ms.Brown.
can't
must
might
may
5．—Is that Mr.Zhou?
—It _________ be him.He has gone to Beijing.
6．—Where is Lucy?
—I'm not sure.She _________ be in the classroom.
7．The boy over there _________ be my brother.He is still in France.
8．Let's ask the teacher for help.She _________ know the answer.
9．—Will Sam go to the cinema with us tonight?
—I'm not sure.He _________ not be free.
10．—Is that boy Scott?
—No, it _________ be Scott. Scott is much taller.
can't
may
can't
must
may
can't
Thanks for listening!