书面表达

(共34张PPT)
书面表达解题技巧
余姚市教育局教研室 杨春妹
书面表达是一种综合性测试，不仅测试学生的
词汇、句法、语法等语言要素，而且测试学生的组
织能力、分析能力、表达能力、逻辑推理能力和对
各种语体的掌握能力等。融准确性、流利性、得体
性、完整性于一体，比较接近真实的语言运用。
一、中考书面表达的命题特点
1. 加强情景设计，强调试题的真实性
2. 题材和体裁注重体验性和生活性。
3. 指导性、限制性和开放性共存。
地区 话题
杭州 与笔友的交流活动
宁波 地球一小时
湖州 爱心行为和感受
温州 未来计划
绍兴 英语演讲比赛
嘉兴 英语周活动计划
衢州、丽水、舟山 上海世博会
台州 缓解学习生活中的压力
金华 过一个轻松、愉快、有意义的暑假
义乌 我最喜欢的一门学科
一、中考书面表达的命题特点
1. 加强情景设计，强调试题的真实性
2. 题材和体裁注重体验性和生活性。
3. 指导性、限制性和开放性共存。
二、学生书面表达常见问题及解决办法
审题错误
(10 天津）假设你是某学生杂志社的编辑Diana，收到
了读者Steve的一封来信，信中倾诉了他目前的烦恼。
请根据提示内容，给Steve写一封回信。提示：
参考词汇：小组讨论group work 表达express 要求：
（1）词数：80 100。
（2）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
（3）要点齐全，行文连贯，可适当发挥。
与人交流 课上参与小组讨论，表达自己的想法;课间和同学交谈
表达善意 主动问候同学;对同学友好;帮助同学
参加活动 积极参加班级活动(如:运动会、歌咏比赛等）
2．内容不全。内容不全是得不到高分的首要原因
3．时态、语态混乱
比较下面两幅图片。请以 “Great Changes in Our
Country”为题写一篇短文，介绍改革开放30多年来祖国
的巨大的变化。词数80左右。
提示词：overpass 天桥
习作实况
Great Changes in Our Country
Great changes have been （1） taken place in our country. Many buildings have been builded（2） in cities and towns，even at villages. The more cars we have，the more crowded the roads are. So the roads are become
（3） wider and wider. Many overpasses have been builded（4） in big cities. Chinese people’s life is better now. We can buy things that we need in every part of the country. We have TVs，washing machines fridges， computers，cars，etc. These things couldn’t buy （5） twenty years ago. We‘ll Study harder and make our country stronger and more beautiful.
「优秀范文」
Great Changes in Our Country
　Great changes have taken place in our country. Many
buildings have been built in cities and towns， even at
villages. The more cars we have， the more crowded
the roads are. So the roads have become wider and
wider. Many overpasses have been built in big cities.
Chinese people‘s life is better now. We can buy things
that we need in every part of the country. We have
TVs，washing machines，fridges， computers，cars
and so on. These things couldn’t be bought twenty
years ago. We‘ll study harder and make our country
stronger and more beautiful.
4. 格式、标点拼写错误；用词不当，如人称代词性别不
分、名词单复数不分，习惯搭配错误，多词或缺词
5． 句子结构错误，凸显中国式英语
6． 词汇量不足，缺乏多样性，词汇和句式单一乏味
三、做好书面表达题的必要环节
细审题目，切中题意
2. 拟定提纲，提炼要点
(09 宁波）上星期，学校就学生的作业量问题要求各班
召开家长会进行讨论。以下是你班家长的观点：多数家长认
为作业多有好处，而部分家长则认为作业过多对孩子的成长
不利。请你根据下面方框中的提示，用英语作一简要介绍并
表明你自己的观点。
Most parents A few parents
review what students have
learned
develop students’ minds
stop students playing
computer games
… take a lot of time
cannot have a good rest
cannot do the things students
like
…
内容要点：
1. Doing a lot of homework, the students could review what
they had learned.
2. It would also help to develop the students’ minds and stop
them playing computer games.
3. But a few parents thought that too much homework was
useless.
4. Because doing much homework took a lot of time.
5. Students could not have a good rest.
6. They could not do the things they liked.
7. In my opinion,doing some suitable homework is necessary
and helpful.
One possible version:
Last week our class had a parents’ meeting. At the meeting, all the parents talked about whether doing a lot of homework was useful or not. Many parents thought that doing much homework was useful. They thought by doing a lot of homework, the students could review what they had learned. It would also help to develop the students’ minds and stop them playing computer games.
But a few parents thought that too much homework was useless. Because doing much homework took a lot of time and thus students could not have a good rest. What’s more, they could not do the things they liked.
In my opinion, doing some suitable homework is necessary and helpful.
3. 连词成句，连句成篇
(1)尽量使用自己最熟悉、最有把握的句型和短语表达
(2)多用简单句型
(3)行文要连贯，语句要通顺，层次要清楚
(4)不会表达，另辟蹊径
4. 通读文章，检查改错
(1)查格式 (2)查时态
(3)查句式 (4)查动词
(5)查习语、搭配 (6)查单词拼写、标点符号和大小写
适当发挥，锦上添花 ; 字迹工整，卷面整洁
四、评分标准
第一档(14~15分) 能写明全部要点, 语言基本无误, 行文连贯,
表达清楚。
第二档(11~13分) 能写明大部分要点, 语言有少量错误, 行文
比较连贯,表达比较清楚。
第三档(8~10分) 能写明部分要点, 语言有较多错误, 行文不
太连贯, 但尚能表达意思。
第四档(5~7分) 能写明少部分要点或个别要点,语言有较多
错误,只有个别句子可读,可看懂。
第五档(0~4分) 基本上没有写出内容要点, 语言错误多, 只
有一些词汇堆积,不知所云。将提示语抄一
遍得若干分
五、学生需重点掌握的作文话题
个人情况(Personal information)
学校生活(School life)
兴趣与爱好(Interests and hobbies)
个人情感(Emotions)
人际关系(Interpersonal relationships)
节假日活动(Festivals, holidays and celebrations)
健康(Health)
文娱与体育(Entertainment and sports)
语言学习(Language learning)
热点话题(Topic issues)
六、如何准备重点话题
三个整合：整合词汇 整合句型 整合篇章
中学生的爱好与兴趣
spare time，watch TV, interest, appetite， taste，
read novels， play football / basketball, hobby，
surf the internet, chat online, play games, collect
stamps, make e-friends, climb mountains, favorite
be fond of, be interested in, develop an interest in,
have love for,have a taste in, enjoy popular music
人际、环境和谐
friendly, honest, credible , peaceful, live in harmony, help each ether, care for each other, have deep love for , be concerned with , take an active part in, protect the environment, save water, No pains, no gains
If everyone … for others and the society, our world will be …
Every one should … and devotes himself to building our motherland into a strong country.,
推荐或申请
look for, take in, full-time, part-time, well-paid, subjects,
healthy, address, apply for, graduate from, scholarship,
good grades, hobby, favorite, be skilled in, be good at,
experienced, confident, English and computer ability
中学生的健康问题
physical and mental condition, strong, un/healthy,
overweight/fat, thin, near/short-sighted, energetic,
unhealthy eating habit, eat much junk food ,stay
/keep healthy / fit, build up one’s body / improve
one’s' health, enough sleep, take regular exercise,
proper diet, good living habits, lose weight, remove
heavy burdens, be good for/do good to, go on diet,
form a … eating habit,
环境保护
fresh air, pollute, waste is scattering here and there.
protect the environment, send out smoke into the air,
cut down trees, pour waste water into the rivers, form
good habits to protect the surroundings, take good care
of the forests, take active measures to protect the plants
animals, plant more trees to improve the environment ,
It is a shame to throw rubbish around.
The terrible pollution have done great harm to us as well
as to the nature
校园文明与安全问题
school rules , obey, behave well, be neatly dressed, respect the teachers and parents, be on time, keep the environment clean, civilized, break the rules,spit, discipline, throw rubbish everywhere, cheat in the exam, get in line , fight with sb., punish sb. for
The students are told not to break any of the rules of the school. ,
The students are expected to … ,
It must be made clear that the students should … ,
It is shameful to … ,
What we should do is that … ,
友谊
get to know sb., know sb. really well, make friends with sb.,
a strong personality , personal matters, friendship, friendly,
a close friend, trust each other , worthy, share …with sb.,
keep in touch with sb., understanding
Friends give us …
A good friend is someone you can
Friendship plays an important part in …
You can … to be a good friend.
… makes a good friend. …
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
七、谋篇布局的常用佳句
比较性的文章常用的句子
Every coin has two sides.
Different people have different ideas.
On the one hand…on the other hand…
For one thing… for another…
There is no doubt that…
It is well known that…
As we all know that…
In my opinion, we should…
As far as I am concerned, I think …
As for me…
2. 开始段落常用的句子
As the saying goes…
It is well known that…
The chart/ table shows that…
Some/many people say/believe that …
It is quite clear that …but…
There are many views about…
It has been decided that…
It is natural that…
It is true that…
According to the figure/number in the chart，
it can be seen that…
3. 主题段落常用的句型
First, second, third, finally
For one thing…for another…
One the one hand, on the other hand…
Another factor is…
There is no doubt that…
But the trouble/problem/point is…
What is more important,
No matter how…
I don’t think it is a very good way to…
4. 结尾段落常用的句型
As for me/in my opinion…
As far as I am concerned…
In a word/in short
From this point of view,…
It can be concluded that…
On the whole, …
Generally speaking, …
As has been stated, …
As I have shown, …
5. 常用的语篇连接词
表示递进
and, and then, also, besides, in addition, moreover, one more, once more, what’s more, even, what was worse ,meanwhile…
表示转折
but, however, yet, and yet, although, in spite of, on the contrary, on the other hand, otherwise…
表示结果
so, therefore, thus, as a result, …
表示时间
now, then, later, next, finally, soon, before long, after that, up till now, just now, just then, so far， at present, recently, after a while, in a few days, at first, suddenly, to begin with, immediately, soon, in the beginning, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, meanwhile, the moment ，from now on, from then on, at the same time, till, not…until, before, after, when, while
表示目的
for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to,
表示并列关系
or, and, also, too, not only … but also, as well as,
both… and, either …or, neither …nor
表示因果关系
because, because of, since, now that, as, thanks to…,
therefore, as a result (of), otherwise, so…that, such…that
表示列举说明
for example, for instance, such as, that is to say, and so on,
according to this, believe it or not, to tell you the truth
表示强调：
above all, after all, at least, indeed, in fact, surely,
certainly, of course…
表示结论：
finally, at last, in the end, in a word, in general,
generally speaking, in short, as you know…
三 “是”
词汇是保证，语法是基础，句型是关键。
八 “要”
审题要严谨，重点要明确，要点要全面，格式要正确，
语言要地道，行文要流畅，字迹要工整，卷面要整洁。