人教版高中英语必修5Unit 1 Great scientists 过去分词作定语和表语

过去分词作定语和表语
一、过去分词作定语???????????????
★及物动词的过去分词作定语时，一般表被动的和完成的动作；而不及物动词的过去分词作定语时，只表示完成的动作。如：
Joe
always
has
milk
and
fried
egg
for
breakfast.
How
much
does
the
finished
product
cost?
The
path
is
covered
by
fallen
leaves.
My
new
neighbour
is
a
seventy-three-year-old
retired
teacher
from?Florida.
★单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰词之前；过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰词之后，其作用相当于一个定语从句。如：
You
can
use
fresh
or
frozen
fish.
What
is
the
language
spoken
in
that
country?
=
What
is
the
language
that
is
spoken
in
that
country?
The
play
put
on
by
the
teachers
was
a
big
success.
=
The
play
that
had
been
put
on
by
the
teachers
was
a
big
success.
注意：
★如果被修饰的词是由every
/
some
/
any
/
no
+
thing
/
body
/
one所构成的复合代词时，即使是单个的过去分词作定语，也要放在被修饰词之后。如：
There
isn't
anything
left
in
that
desk.
★过去分词短语有时还可用作非限制性定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，前后用逗号隔开。如：
Some
of
them,
born
and
brought
up
in
rural
villages,
have
never
seen
a
train.
=
Some
of
them,
who
were
born
and
brought
up
in
rural
villages,
have
never
seen
a
train.
【拓展】
done,
to
be
done和being
done作定语的区别：它们都可作定语，表示被动意义，但时间含义上有所不同。过去分词表示的被动的动作已完成；不定式的被动式表示的被动的动作将要发生；动词-ing形式的被动式表示的被动的动作正在进行。如：
Do
you
know
the
number
of
books
ordered
by
Kevin?
My
brother
will
take
part
in
the
football
match
to
be
held
next
week.
What
do
you
think
of
the
meeting
being
held
in?Vienna?
二、过去分词作表语???????????????
过去分词可用在be,
keep,
remain,
stay,
seem,
appear,
look,
feel,
get等系动词后作表语，用来说明主语的状态、性质、特征等。如：
I'm
afraid
I'm
slightly
drunk.
The
children
seemed
pleased
at
the
result
of
the
game.
【拓展】
英语里有许多表示“情绪变化”的动词，如amuse,
bore,
interest,
disappoint,
encourage,
excite,
frighten,
inspire,
move,
please,
satisfy,
surprise,
worry等，它们的动词-ing形式和过去分词均可在句中作定语或表语，相当于形容词，但意义和用法却有着很大区别。动词-ing形式往往表示其修饰对象所具有的特征，常译为“令人……的”；过去分词多表示其修饰对象所处的心理状态，常译为“感到……的”。如：
This
year's
sales
figures
were
very
disappointing.
The
manager
was
very
disappointed
at
this
year's
sales
figures.
【即学即练】
用括号内动词的正确形式填空。
More
than
5,000
years
ago,
a
man
set
out
on
a
journey
into
the
Alps.
In
these
mountains
the
weather
can
change
in
a
matter
of
moments.
The
man
was
caught
in
a
snowstorm
and
died
there.
In
1991
his
body,
well
1.
________
(
preserve)
by
a
glacier,
was
found
by
hikers,
who
realised
at
once
that
this
was
no
ordinary
skier
lost
in
an
avalanche
(雪崩)?—?he
had
a
grass
cloak
(斗篷)
and
a
copper
axe
(铜斧头).
People
got
2.
________
(interest)
in
this
man
and
he
became
an
internationally
famous
person?—?unable
to
speak,
but
with
a(n)
3.
________
(amaze)
story
to
tell.
It
was
established
that
the
4.
________
(freeze)
man
was
a
staggering
5,300
years
old.
The
equipment
5.
________
(carry)
by
him
proved
that
the
transition
from
the
Neolithic
(新石器时代的)
to
the
Copper
Age
had
happened
much
earlier
than
previously
thought.
The
man
was
named
Oetzi
after
the
region
of
the
Alps
where
he
had
been
found.
The
man
was
about
45
when
he
died,
and
may
have
been
a
shepherd
6.
________
(look)
after
his
sheep.
答案
1.
preserved???
2.
interested???
3.
amazing???
4.
frozen???
5.
carried???
6.
looking