小升初英语语法讲义第1讲：名词（含练习 答案）

课题名称 小升初英语语法-第1讲：名词
教学 目标 知识点：1. 巩固名词的分类和用法（可数名词、不可数名词）
2. 名词变复数
考点: 可数、不可数名词及名词所有格的相关考查题型
能力：1. 能分清哪些是可数名词或不可数名词（重点）
　　　2. 能正确使用不可数名词（难点）
3. 能熟练使用名词所有格（难点）
方法：练习＋归纳
Step 1 Free Talk
Self-introduction
Dream
Step 2 Warming-up
Happy time：
Guess: answer: age年龄

Step 3 Phonetic Symbols
英语国际标准音标练习
元音 (20个) 单元音12个 前 元 音(4个) [i:] [i] [e] [?] 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

后 元 音(5个) [ɑ:] [?:] [?] [u:] [u] 　 　 　 　 　 　

中 元 音(3个) [?] [?:] [?] 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　
双元音8个 合口双元音(5个) [ei] [?u] [ai] [au] [?i] 　 　 　 　 　 　

集中双元音(3个) [i?] [u?] [??] 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　
辅音 (28个) 清 辅 音(11个) [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ] [?] [t?] [tr] [ts] [h]
浊 辅 音(17个) [b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [?] [?] [d?] [dr] [dz] [l]

[m] [n] [?] [j] [w] [r] 　 　 　 　 　
/i:/ bee/bi:/ feet/fi:t/ keep/ki:p/ team/ti:m/ meet/mi:t/
/i/ it /it/ big/big/ give/giv/ sick/sik/
/e/ get/get/ best/best/ help/help/
/?/ have/h?v/ cat/k?t/
语音基础小练习：
下面对字母的分类是不正确的，请根据字母的发音重新归类。
[ ei ] Hh, Jj, Kk, Xx； [ i: ] Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Gg, Tt, Vv, Ww;
[ ai ] Aa, Ii, Yy; [ e ] Ff, Ll, Rr, Ss, Zz;
[ju:] Pp, Qq, Uu, Mm, Nn, Oo;
[ ei ] _______, ________, _______, ________;
[ i: ] _______, ________, _______, ________,_______, ________, _______, ________;
[ ai ] _______, ________;
[ e ] _______, ________, _______, ________,_______, ________, _______;
[ju:] _______, ________, _______;
Practicing:
three thousand three hundred and thirty-three
answers:
[ ei ] __Aa___, ___Hh___, ___Jj___, ___Kk___;
[ i: ] __Bb__, ___Cc___, ___Dd__, __Ee__,___Gg__, ___Pp___, __Tt__, __Vv__;
[ ai ] __Ii__, __Yy__;
[ e ] __Ff__, __Ll__, __Mm__, _ Nn___,___Ss___, ___Xx___, ___Zz__;
[ju:] __Qq __, __ Uu__, __Ww__;
Step 4 Language Learning
专题一：名 词
专有名词：首字母始终大写（人名、地名、国家、城市等）
名 词 可数名词：有复数形式（变化规则）
普通名词
不可数名词： 无复数形式，在句中被看作单数；
借助量词表达量
有生命的：’s s’ （特殊：ten minutes’ walk, one hour’s drive）
名词所有格
无生命的: …of…（注意顺序）
可数名词
可数名词是表示能够计算的人或物的名称，通常有单数和复数的形式。
可数名词变化规则：
※规则名词的复数形式：
规则 例词
1 一般情况在词尾加-s map-maps, sea-seas
girl-girls, day-days
2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es class-classes, box-boxes
watch-watches, dish-dishes
3 以-f或-fe结尾的词
变-f和-fe为v再加-es leaf-leaves, knife-knives, shelf-shelves
4 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es party-parties
story-stories, city-cities
5 以元音字母加y结尾的名词加-s toy-toys, boy-boys
6 以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词 加-es hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes
potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes

加-s photo-photos, radio-radios,
bamboo-bamboos zoo-zoos
7 以-th结尾的名词加-s month-months
【巧学妙记】：（1）黑人英雄吃土豆吐西红柿皮
（2）妻子持刀去宰狼
小偷吓得发了慌
躲在架后保己命
半片树叶遮目光
※英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：
规则 例词
1 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 man-men, woman-women
foot-feet, goose-geese ________
mouse-mice
2 单复数相同 sheep, deer , ______
3 常以复数形式出现 clothes，trousers, noodles
________, _________
4 表示“某国人” 词尾加-s American-Americans
Canadian-Canadians
German- Germans

单复数同形 Chinese, Japanese

以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women Englishman-Englishmen
Frenchwoman- Frenchwomen
【巧学妙记】：中日不变，英法变，其他“s”加后边
注意：(1) 姓氏的复数形式前面加the表示“……一家或……夫妇”如：the Whites
(2) 可数名词的单数,可以用 ‘a’ 或‘an’来修饰
a cake/a book/a pen/a student
an egg/an orange/an elephant/ an old man
a uniform/a European stamp/a university student
an hour/an honest boy
【课堂练习】
一．把下列单数名词变成复数
1. giraffe__________ 2. apartment__________ 3. fish__________ 4. box__________
5. lady__________ 6. leaf__________ 7. life__________ 8. match__________
9. snowman__________ 10. child__________ 11. peach__________ 12. dish__________
13. bus__________ 14. photo__________ 15. tomato__________16. potato__________
17. story__________ 18. factory__________ 19. sheep__________ 20. deer__________
21.hero____________ 22.radio __________ 23.Japanese _________ 24.Chinese______
25.German__________ 26.American __________
answers:
1. giraffes 2. apartments 3. fish/fishes 4. boxes
5. ladies 6. leaves 7. lives/life 8. matches
9. snowmen 10. children 11. peaches 12. dishes
13. buses 14. photos 15. tomatoes 16. potatoes
17. stories 18. factories 19. sheep 20. deer
21. heroes 22. radios 23. Japanese 24. Chinese 25. Germans 26. Americans
二、在横线上填上适当的词。
1. There are many _____________(sheep) and ___________(deer) on the grass.
2. Canada, America. Italy and Israel are all foreign _______________(country).
3. In the street there are many big ______________(mouse).
4. Mr. Zhang and Liu are both_____________(postman).
5. Mark and David are _________________(German).
6. We are _______________(Chinese). They are ________________(American).
7. Hello, Mr. Wang. How many _______________(child) do you have?
I have one _______________(child).
8. China has many large ___________________________(city).
Shanghai is one of the biggest ____________(city) in China.
answers:
1. sheep; deer 2. countries 3. mice 4. postmen 5. Germans 6. Chinese; Americans
7. children; child 8. cities; cities
三、请在以下四个选项中选出最佳答案。
( ) 1. The _________ of the trees turn yellow in autumn.
A. leaf B. leaves C. leafs D. a leaf
( ) 2. There are a lot of______ in the shopping center.
A. people B. drink C. woman D. rices
( ) 3. Yesterday I went to the supermarket and bought a lot of ______.
A. tomatoes B. potatos C. vegetable D. meats
( ) 4. They said that they weren’t ______ but ______.
A. German, English B. Chinese, Japanese
C. Americans, Australian D. Frenchmans, Canadians
( ) 5. Are there any ______ in your factory?
A. woman driver B. woman drivers
C. women drivers D. women’s drivers
( ) 6. Mr Wang felt sorry that so few______ passed the exam.
A. students B. student C. students’ D. child
( ) 7. Almost ______ are born in the world in one minute.
A. two hundreds babies B. two hundreds of baby
C. hundreds of babies D. two hundred babies
( ) 8. There’s little _______ in my bag. Can you lend me some?
A. cake B. money C. pen D. thing
( ) 9. Mr Li is one of ______ in the hospital.
A. most popular doctors B. the most popular doctors
C. most popular doctor D. the most popular doctor
( ) 10. Are they _______or _______?
A. doctor, policeman B. doctors, policemen C. doctors, policemans
( ) 11. There _______ some fish in the river.
A. is B. are C. am
( ) 12. Jack has some _______.
A. stories-book B. story-books C. stories-books
answers:
1~5 BAABC 6~10 ADBBB 11~12 BB
不可数名词
1）不可数名词的概念：
一般来说，不可数名词主要以物质名词和抽象名词为主。它们没有复数形式（即不能在词尾加s），也不能与a, an连用。在表示不可数名词的数量时，必须与相应的量词连用。
1) 不可数名词的种类
1. 液体：water, juice, milk, coffee, coke, ink
2. 自然现象：snow, rain, ice
3. 食品类：rice, meat, bread, beef, pork, chicken, food
4. 其他：newspaper, paper, news, homework, housework
）不可数名词量的表达：
“a+表示这些东西的单位+不可数名词”，如a cup of tea, a bag of rice.
如果为了表示“多个”的概念，可以将表示这些东西的单位变成复数。
如：three cups of tea; ten bags of rice.
直接修饰不可数名词的数量词语有：some, any, much, a lot of, a little等如：
A box of milk some water much food a little time
3）some和any的用法区别
some和any都表示“一些”，但它们的用法不同。Some用在肯定句中；而any则用在否定句和疑问句中。 如：I have some beautiful stamps.
I don’t have any beautiful stamps.
Do you have any beautiful stamps?
注意：some也可以用在客气请求的一般疑问句中： --Can I have some bananas? --Sure.
【课堂练习】
一、给下列词语分类

可数名词 不可数名词


answers:
可数名词：BDFGH 不可数名词：ACEIJKLM
二．看图，写出下列各词的量词
________ tea ________ water ________ milk
________ rice ________ shoes ________ newspaper
answers: a cup of, two glasses of, a box of, a bowl of, a pair of, a copy of
二．用some或any填空
1. –Do you have _______ new Chinese books, Mr Brown?
--Yes, I have _______.
2. –Hello, Mom. Can I have _______ coke?
--Of course.
3. I don’t have _______ sister and brother.
4. In the park, you can see _______ red flowers and _______ trees.
5. Look, _______ girls are dancing and _______ boys are flying kites.
6. Sorry, I can’t see _______ grey rabbits on the farm.
7. –Would you like _______ chicken for dinner? --Yes, thank you.
8. –Dad, I’d like _______ noodles and soup. –Ok.
answers: 1. any, some 2. some 3. any 4. some, some 5. some, some 6. any 7. some 8. some
三、单项选择
1. There is a glass of _______ for you.
A. juices B. juice C. a juice
2. Look, there are some _______ in the park.
A. children B. child C. water
3. Can you see _______ in the classroom?
A. any newspaper B. a newspaper c. any newspapers
4. Here’s ______ for you.
A. a good news B. a piece of good news
C. a good piece of news D. many news
5. Would you like _______?
A. a tea B. a cup tea C. a cup of tea
6. This is _______.
A. milk B. a milk C. milks
7. Are there _______ in the box?
A. any ice-cream B. any apples C. any rice
8. I am _______.
A. pupil B. Mary C. student
9. She is reading _______.
A. newspaper B. a newspaper C. newspapers
10. I like _______.
A. coffee B. coffees C. coffes
11. I want to buy ____________.
A. two box of eggs B. two bottles of orange juices
C. a box of pears D. two bottle of milk
answers: 1~5 BAABC 6~10 ABBAA 11 C
名词所有格
1）名词所有格的概念
表示人或物品所属关系时，我们需要使用名词所有格，表示“……的”。如“妈妈的房子”表示为“mother’s house”
2) 名词所有格的构成
1. 一般情况下，在名词词尾加-‘s。 如：Mike’s bike, Tom’s book
2. 以s结尾的名词，在词尾加-’。 如：my parents’ car, our teachers’ books
3. 表示几个人共同拥有的东西时，只在最后一个名词上加所有格。如：
Jenny and Joan’s bedroom Jenny和Joan共同拥有的卧室
如果是分别拥有的东西，就要在每一个名字上加所有格。如：
Tim’s and Jack’s toy cars Tim的玩具车和Jack的玩具车。
4. 表示国家、城市等地方的名词和表示时间、距离、度量和金钱的名词，无生命的，也可加-’s。如：one week’s holiday, today’s homework
5. 没有生命的东西的所有格，我们用“of+名词”的方式来表示。如：教室的窗 window of the classroom, 中国的首都the capital of China
6. 有生命的名词也可用of。如：我的一位朋友 a friend of mine
注意：某些名词所有格直接表示具体的意义。如：
I am going to Miss White’s tomorrow我打算明天去Miss White家；
Let’s go to the doctor’s我们去医院吧。
【课堂练习】
一、用所给词的适当形式(名词所有格)填空
1. This is _______________(Kate) book. That is ________________(Sue) pencil-case.
2. My ___________________(parents) clothes are hanging in the wardrobe.
3. He is a friend of my _____________________(father).
4. They are _____________________(Ken and Billy) new houses.
5. ________________ (Students)chairs are all new.
6. These are ___________________(girl) dresses.
7. Whose are these lunchboxes? They are ________________(Lucy).
8. They are ________________(Mary) bags.
9. This is a new coat. It is my ____________________(mother)
10. These shoes are our _________________( friend).
11. My __________________( mother) and _______________ (sister) dresses are cheap.
12. ___________________( workers) houses are in that place.
13. ___________________(Carl) shop is very big. ______________(Sam) is small.
14. This is Mimi. Mimi lives in that cage. This is ________________(Mimi) cage.
15. That is the _______________(rabbit) carrot.
answers: 1. Kate’s, Sue’s 2. parents’ 3. father’s 4. Ken’s and Billy’s 5. Students’
6. girl 7. Lucy’s 8. Mary’s 9. mother’s 10. friend’s / friends’
11. mother’s, sister’s 12.Workers’ 13. Carl’s, Sam’s 14. Mimi’s 15. rabbit’s
【小升初真题演练】
( ) 1. There________ ________ on the plate．
A．is，breads B．are，breads．
C．is，some bread D．are，some bread
( ) 2. ---___________there __________ on the plate?
---Yes，____________only a little.
A．Is, a meat, and B．Are，meats，but
C．Are，any meats，and D．Is, any meat, but
( ) 3. Mozart was one of the greatest ________in the world.
A．musician B．musicians C．writers
( ) 4. ---Whose ruler is it? ---Maybe it’s .
A. Peter B. Peters C. Mary’s D. Peters’
5、根据句意，用括号中所给词的正确形式填空。
The_______(story) are very interesting.
( ) 6. David Beckham is a famous __________ from the U.K.
A. footballer B. politician C. musician D. inventor
( ) 7. There _______ some grape juice and two pieces of bread on that table.
A has B is C have D are
answers: 1~4 CDBC 5. stories 6~7 AB
Homework:
温习本堂课所学知识；
词汇短语听写 ，下节课检查；
巩固练习：
写出所给单词的同类词，各写三个：
postman
rabbit
hospital
America
T-shirt
eyes
father
Possible answers: 1. driver, fireman, policeman 2. duck, sheep, goose
3. cinema, bank, restaurant 4. China, Germany, Japan
5. shirt, blouse, dress 6. ears, nose, mouth
7. mother, sister, brother
写出下列单词的复数形式：
1. strawberry 2. sheep
dress 4. peach
policeman 6. piano
schoolboy 8. class
9. bookshelf 10. butterfly
11. woman 12. German
13. mouth 14. tooth
15. dish 16. knife
17. potato 18. box
answers: 1. strawberries 2. sheep 3. dresses 4. peaches 5. policemen
6. pianos 7. schoolboys 8. classes 9. bookshelves 10. butterflies
11. women 12. Germans 13. mouths 14. teeth 15. dishes
16. knives 17. potatoes 18. boxes
三、在空格内填入正确的词。
1. a of tea 2. three of water
3. a of bread 4. four of paper
5. a of noodles 6. a of sunglasses
7. a of juice 8. two of jeans
9. a of apples 10. a of rice
answers: 1. cup 2. glasses 3. piece 4. sheets / pieces 5. bowl
6. pair 7. bottle 8. pairs 9. box / bag 10. bag / bowl
四、单项选择。
（ )1. I’d like__________.
A. two glasses of orange juice B. two glass of orange juice
C. two glass of orange juices D. two glasses of orange juices
（ )2. This _________is Jim’s mother.
A. woman teacher B. women teachers
C. woman teachers D. women teacher
（ )3. The room is __________.
A. Tom and Jim B. Tom’s and Jim C. Tom’s and Jim’s D. Tom and Jim’s
（ )4. I want to buy two _______.
A. pencils-box B. pencil-boxes C. pencil-box D. pencils-boxes
（ )5. Saturday comes after__________.
A. Sunday B. Monday C. Friday D. Tuesday
（ )6. It’s only _________walk from school to the park.
A. five minutes B. five hours C. five minutes’ D. five minute’s
（ )7. The radio is behind __________.
A. the classroom’s door B. the door of the classroom
C. the door’s classroom D. the door in the classroom
（ )8. Kate’s father is ________English.
A. a teacher B. teacher C. a teacher of D. an teacher
（ )9. Today is September 10th, it’s __________Day.
A. Teacher’s B. Teachers’ C. teachers’ D. teacher’s
（ )10. ______are going to see a film.
A. Green’s B. The Green’s C. The Greens D.The Greens'
（ )11. I like _____and _____.
A. hamburgers, Coke B. hamburger, Cokes
C. hamburger, Coke D. hamburgers, Cokes
（ )12. ---What are these? ---They are________.
A. deers B. a deer C. deer D. the deers
answers: 1~5 AADBC 6~10 CBCBC 11~12 AC
五、根据中文完成句子。
1. When is ____________________________(他妈妈的生日)？
2. Is this ___________________________（你哥哥的照片）
3. This bag is _______________________（那位老奶奶的）
4. _________________________(Jim和Tom的帽子) are new.
5. __________________________(Lucy和Lily的房间)is very clean.
6. The white bike is _________________(Tom的爸爸的).
7. He likes ____________________(这鞋子的颜色).
answers: 1. his mother’s birthday 2. your brother’s photo 3. that old grandma’s
4. Jim’s and Tom’s hats/caps 5. Lucy and Lily’s room 6. Tom’s father’s
7. the colour of the shoes
六、选词填空。
Australia Canada Japan the U.S. China the U.K.
London is the capital of .
Beijing is the capital of .
Ottawa is the capital of .
Canberra is the capital of .
Washington D.C. is the capital of .
Tokyo is the capital of .
answers: 1. the U.K. 2. China 3. Canada 4. Australia 5. the U.S. 6. Japan
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