小升初英语语法讲义-第2讲：数词（含练习 答案）

课题名称 小升初英语语法-第2讲：数 词
教学 目标 知识点： 数词的用法
考点: 基数词、序数词拼写；时间、分数及年月日表达
能力：1. 掌握基变序规则和大数目的表达方法；（重点）
2. 能正确使用数词。（难点）
方法：归纳总结+讲练结合
Step 1 Homework Checking
课后练习讲评；
词汇听写：得分 _____________
上节课知识点回顾；
口语练习：3333
answers: 第一框：Negroes, heroes, potatoes, tomatoes, mangoes
第二框：men, women, children, mice
feet, geese, teese, knives
leaves, factories, boxes, watches
第三框：Chinese, Japanese, deer, sheep, fish
Step 2 Warming-up
Guess: answer: map
Step 3 Phonetic Symbols
英语国际标准音标练习
元音 (20个) 单元音12个 前 元 音(4个) [i:] [i] [e] [?] 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

后 元 音(5个) [ɑ:] [?:] [?] [u:] [u] 　 　 　 　 　 　

中 元 音(3个) [?] [?:] [?] 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　
双元音8个 合口双元音(5个) [ei] [?u] [ai] [au] [?i] 　 　 　 　 　 　

集中双元音(3个) [i?] [u?] [??] 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　
辅音 (28个) 清 辅 音(11个) [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ] [?] [t?] [tr] [ts] [h]
浊 辅 音(17个) [b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [?] [?] [d?] [dr] [dz] [l]

[m] [n] [?] [j] [w] [r] 　 　 　 　 　
/a:/ /la:f/ /gla:s/ /ha:f/ /fa:m/ /pa:k/
/ ?:/ /h?: s/ /s?:/ /k?:n/ /k?:s/ /s?:t/
/ ? / /d?g/ /p?t/ /k?st/ /w?t/ /′?nist/
/u:/ /fu:d/ /mu:n/ /ru:l/ /lu:s/ /nu:n/
/u/ /buk/ /put/ /gud/ /wud/ /kud/
语音基础小练习：
选出划线部分单词读音与其他三个不同的单词。
1.( ) A. food B. cook C. foot D. book
2.( ) A. here B. near C. careful D. idea
3.( ) A. name B. grade C. have D. plane
4.( ) A. sits B. cooks C. helps D. stands
5.( ) A. great B. bread C. sweater D. breakfast
answers: 1~5 ACCDA
Step 4 Language Learning
专题二：数 词
数词
表示数目和顺序的词叫数词。英语中数词分为两大类：基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目，如one（一）, two（二）, three（三）等：序数词用来表示数目的顺序，如first（第一）, second（第二）, third（第三）等。
二、 基数词
（一）基数词的基本构成
a b C d
1 one 11 eleven 21 twenty-one
2 two 12 twelve 22 twenty-two
3 three 13 thirteen 23 twenty-three
4 four 14 fourteen 24 twenty-four 40 forty
5 five 15 fifteen 25 twenty-five 50 fifty
6 six 16 sixteen 26 twenty-six 60 sixty
7 seven 17 seventeen 27 twenty-seven 70 seventy
8 eight 18 eighteen 28 twenty-eight 80 eighty
9 nine 19 nineteen 29 twenty-nine 90 ninety
10 ten 20 twenty 30 thirty 100 one hundred
注意：
基数词1~12是独立单词，需逐个记忆。
基数词13~19是在个位数词的词干后加-teen构成，其中thirteen, fifteen, eighteen变化不规则。
基数词20~90的整十数是在十位数词后面加-ty构成。基数词21~99的非整十数是在十位数词后面加上个位数词构成，中间加上连字符“-”。如：21twenty-one。
（二）基数词的读法
1. 在读三位数或三位数以上的基数词，需在十位数之前（如十位数是“0”，在个位前）加连词and。如：
304—three hundred and four
1,342—one thousand three hundred and forty-two
2. 阿拉伯数字每三位数就需用一个逗号隔开，从后往前数；所用的英语单词为：hundred(百), thousand(千), million(百万), billion(十亿).英语中没有“万”和“亿”，在表示“万”和“亿”时要按十进位法来推算。
1万可用10千来表示，即10, 000 ten thousand。
100, 000, 000可写成a hundred million。
35, 845可写成thirty-five thousand eight hundred and forty-five
3. hundred, thousand, million, dozen, score这些词前面如有表示具体数字的词，它们不能加-s，若与of连用则须加s。
three hundred people 300个人 thousands of people 数以千计的人
（三）基数词的基本用法
基本概念 基本用法 例句

基数词（表示事物数量） 从句子成分上分析，基数词在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语等。 Four of them went to the factory.
他们中的4个人去了工厂。(作主语)
I want two.
我要两个。(作宾语)
My classmate is eighteen.
我同学18岁了。(作表语)
表示“年、月、日”的时间、年份 The accident took place on May 5th ,2006.
那次事故发生在2006年5月5日。

表示编号 Today we are going to study Lesson Five.
今天我们要学习第5课。
He lives in Room 801.
他住在801房间。
表示时间点钟，几点过几分 It’s two o’clock.
现在是两点钟。
用于四则运算 One plus two is three. 1加2等于3。
Five times six is thirty. 5乘以6等于30。
表示百分数 Thirty percent of them is water.
它们当中有30%的水。

注意：
1．表示分数时，分数用基数词，但分母要用序数词；若分子大于1，分母上的序数词要用复数形式。
Two fifths of the books are mine. 2/5的书是我的。
2．表示带有小数的词用基数词。小数点前的整数按基数词的规则表示，小数点写作point,小数点后的数字应按其数字直接表示出来。
18.38 可写成eighteen point three eight。
3．数词+名词（+形容词）作定语，名词用单数形式。
a 12-year-old girl 一个12岁的女孩
三、序数词
（一）序数词的构成（如下表）
a b c d
第一 first 第十一
eleventh 第二十一
twenty-first
第二 second 第十二
twelfth 第二十二
twenty-second
第三 third 第十三
thirteenth 第二十三
twenty-third
第四 fourth 第十四
fourteenth 第二十四
twenty-fourth 第四十
fortieth
第五 fifth 第十五
fifteenth 第二十五
twenty-fifth 第五十
fiftieth
第六 sixth 第十六
sixteenth 第二十六
twenty-sixth 第六十
sixtieth
第七 seventh 第十七
seventeenth 第二十七
twenty-seventh 第七十
seventieth
第八 eighth 第十八
eighteenth 第二十八
twenty-eighth 第八十
eightieth
第九 ninth 第十九
nineteenth 第二十九
twenty-ninth 第九十
ninetieth
第十 tenth 第二十
twentieth 第三十
thirtieth

注意：
从第一到十九的序数词除第一first、第二second、第三third、第五fifth、第八eighth、第九ninth、第十二twelfth变化不规则外，其余均在基数词后面加上-th。
整十数字的序数词的构成方法是将整十数字词尾的y变成i加上-eth。
几十几的序数词，只是把个位数变成序数词，十位数不变。
（二）序数词的基本用法
基本概念 基本用法 例 句
序数词（表示数目的顺序或事物的位置） 表示编号 Mary sits in the second row.
玛丽坐在第二排。
表示日期 It happened on October the third,1985.
这件事发生在1985年10月3日。
主要用作定语、表语、前面要加定冠词the The fifth lesson is very easy to learn.
第五课很容易学。
You are the first one I believe.
你是我最相信的人。

基数词变序数词助记歌：
基变序，有规律，末尾加上th;
一、二、三特殊记，八去t,九去e, ve要用f替；
以y结尾变ie,后跟th莫忘记。
若想表示几十几，只变个位就可以。

特殊变化：
one—first; two—second; three—third;
five—fifth; eight—eighth; nine—ninth;
twelve—twelfth;
易错点清单
一、hundred, thousand, million与billion的用法
1、与具体数词one, two ….或several, some, many等连用时，要用单数形式。如：five hundred people 500人
two thousand books 2,000本书
many million trees 几百万棵树
2、与of连用时，要用复数形式，但前面不应再加数词。
如：hundreds of people 成百上千的人
thousands of factories 成千上万的工厂
millions of birds 数以百万计的鸟儿
二、“the+整十数字的复数形式”和“one’s+整十数字的复数形式”
“the+整十数字的复数形式”表示时间年代
“one’s+整十数字的复数形式”表示“在某人….岁时”。
如：in the 1980s 在20世纪80年代
in his seventies 在他70多岁时
有时在物主代词后面可加上形容词early或late使其含义更确切。
The young man is in his early thirties.
这个年轻的男人30出头。
三、时刻表示法中的易混之处
如果要表达“几点过几分”或“差几分到几点”有两种表达方法：
1、只需用基数词，先说钟点，后说分钟。
如：8:42 eight forty-two；2:13 two thirteen
2、用基数词加介词，先说分钟，后说点钟。分钟没有超过30分钟的，介词用past，意思是“几点过几分”；分钟超过30分的，介词要用to,意为“差几分到几点（下一点钟）”。
如：3:25 twenty-five past three 3点25分
5:45 fifteen to six 差一刻到六点
四、表示编号时的易混之处
1、用基数词来表示编号时，应放在名词之后，且不需任何冠词。如：
302房间 Room 302; 第五课Lesson 5
2、用序数词来表示编号时，应放在名词之前，且前面需加定冠词the .
如：第十课 the tenth lesson；
第二行 the second line
五、数词和冠词的关系
1、序数词前要加定冠词the;但基数词前不加冠词。
Sunday is the first day of a week.
星期天是一周的第一天。
2、a/an+序数词，表示“又一、再一”。
He failed twice, but he tried a third time.
他失败了两次，但他有尝试了第三次。
3、of the+基数词，表示范围。
She is the most beautiful girl of the three.
她是三个人中最漂亮的女孩。
Jim is taller of the two.
Jim是两个人中个子较高的。
4、序数词前已有指示代词、物主代词或every时，不用定冠词。
如：This is my first trip to Hong Kong. 这是我第一次到香港。
My second bike was stolen again.
我的第二辆自行车又被盗了。
5、序数词与名词构成的复合名词前不用定冠词。
如：a second-hand bookshop 二手书店
6、序数词用作副词时，前面不用定冠词。如：
He came out first in the competition.
他在比赛中得了第一名。
7、在一些由序数词构成的固定词组中不用定冠词。
如：at first 起先
from first to last 自始自终，一直
first of all 首先
second to none 首屈一指的，最佳的
六、“every+基数词+名词复数”和“every+序数词+名词单数”
“every+基数词+名词复数”表示“每….”
“every+序数词+名词单数”表示“每隔….”
如：every three days=every third day 每三天/每隔两天
七、数词的读法
从后往前读，每隔三位加一个逗号,第一个逗号前读thousand,第二个逗号前读million,第三个逗号前读billion。年代的读法是两位两位地读。
八、“基数词与单数名词”用连字符连接构成复合形容词，作名词的定语，用于表示时间、距离等。如：
a 100-meter race 100米赛跑
a ten-minute walk 10分钟的路程
九、若名词前有the修饰时，用单数，后接of。如：
Two hundred of the students in our school are from the countryside.
我们学校有200名学生来自乡村。
十、几个半的表达法
基数词+and+a half+名词复数=基数词+名词（单数/复数）+and+a half,如：
two and a half hours=two hours and a half 两个半小时
十一、年、月、日表达法
年份用基数词，日期用序数词。如：
1988年5月1日可以写作May 1(st),1988,读作May the first, nineteen eighty-eight;
也可以写作：1（st）May ,1988,读作the first of May, nineteen eighty-eight
1949读作nineteen hundred and forty-nine或nineteen forty-nine
1800读作：eighteen hundred
253读作：two hundred and fifty-three或two fifty-three
1902年读作：nineteen hundred and two或nineteen o two
十二、与another、more连用时，表示在已有的基础上再增加一定的数量，其结构为“another+基数词”或“基数词+more”。如：
My father will stay in Beijing for another two weeks.
我爸爸将在北京再呆两周。
I need two more chairs.
我还需要两把椅子。
【小升初真题演练】
1. Thursday is the f______ day of the week in the UK. (08联考)
2. Women’s Day is on the e______ of M_______. (09联考)
( ) 3. How do we say “99,118” ? (10年联考)
A. ninety-nine thousand and one hundred and eighteen
B. ninety-nine thousands one hundreds and eighteen
C. ninety-nine thousand one hundred and eighteen
D. ninety-nine thousands and one hundred and eighteen
answers: 1. fifth 2. eighth, March 3. C
【课堂练习】
一、请翻译下列短语。
(1) 60名工人
(2) 15本英语书
(3) 8杯咖啡
(4) 4把椅子
(5) 12月31日
(6) 7月1日
(7) 第九周
(8) 40年前
二、把下列基数词改成序数词。
one--- two--- three---
nine--- fourteen--- twenty---
thirty-five---
answers:
一、1. sixty workers 2. fifteen English books 3. eight cups of coffee 4. four chairs
5. December the thirty-first / the thirty-first of December / December 31st
6. July the first / the first of July / July 1st
7. the ninth week 8. forty years ago
二、first, second, third, ninth, fourteenth, twentieth, thirty-fifth
模拟预测
一、单项选择。
( ) 1. ---How long is the new bridge? Do you know?
---Yes. It’s about _______ .
A. one thousand one hundred and eighty meters
B. one thousand and one hundred fifty meters
C. two thousands one hundred forty meters
D. two thousands seventy and three meters
( ) 2. There are _______ days in a year.
A. three hundred and sixty-five B. three hundred and sixty five
C. three hundred sixty-five D. three hundreds and sixty- five
( ) 3. I’ve read _______ sports news about the F1 race today.
A. two B. pieces C. two pieces D. two pieces of
( ) 4. ---Can I help you?
---I’d like _______ for my twin daughters.
A. two pair of shoes B. two pairs of shoe
C. two pair of shoe D. two pairs of shoes
( ) 5. Jack is now in _______ .
A. the three grade B. Grade Third C. Grade Three D. the Third Grade
( ) 6. Now children, turn to page ______and look at the ______ picture in Lesson Two.
A. twentieth; one B. twenty; one
C. twentieth; first D. twenty; first
( ) 7. ---It’ 9:45. ---Yes, It’s _______ .
A. fifteen from ten B. a quarter to ten
C. fifteen past nine D. a quarter past ten
( ) 8. He believed his lucky number was ten, so he decided to live on the _______ floor.
A. lowest B. ten C. tenth D. the tenth
( ) 9. I have made _______ dumplings. Now I’m making the _______ one.
A. twenty; twentieth-first B. twenty; twenty-first
C. twentieth; twenty-first D. twenty; twenty-one
( ) 10. Time is not enough for so much work. _______ people are needed, I think.
A. Other two B. Only two C. Two more D. Two others
( ) 11. Both of the two rulers are broken. I want to buy a _______ one.
A. three B. third C. forth D. 不填
( ) 12. This is a big class, and _______ of the students are girls.
A. two third B. second three C. two thirds D. two three
( ) 13. ---What’s one fourth and a half , do you know? ---Yes, it’s ______.
A. two sixths B. three fourths C. one three D. three sixths
( ) 14. There are more than ________ students in our school now.
A. two thousands B. two thousands of C. two thousand D. thousand of
( ) 15. ---- Which floor do you __________? -----The __________ floor.
A. live; nineth B. live on; ninth C. live on; nineth D. live; ninth
( ) 16. How do you say the year “1809”?
A. one eight 0 nine B. one thousand eight hundred and nineteen
C. eighteen o nine D. one thousand eighty-nine
answers: 1~5 AADDC 6~10 DBCBC 11~15 BCBCB 16 C
Homework:
温习本堂课所学知识；
词汇短语听写 ；
巩固练习：
一、根据句意和首字母或中文意思，写出句中所缺单词。
1. August is the e_________ month of a year.
2.We’ll meet at a q_________ to eight, that is to say, 7:45 at the bookstore.
3.---Do you know what Taiwan Island was like t_________ of years ago?
---Yes. About 20,000~30,000 years ago, it was part of the mainland.
4.Liu Xiang got the _________ (one) in his competition of the 2004 Olympic Games.
5.Look at the photo! The _________（第四个） man from the left is my grandpa.
6.My aunt’s office is on the _________（第六）floor.
7.The Smiths had a big party to celebrate their son’s _________（二十岁）birthday last Sunday.
8.The boy has collected more than _________（四十）stamps from different countries.
9. Osaka is the __________ largest city in Japan. (two)
二、对画线部分提问。
1.Tim goes to Zhongshan University at 8:00 every day.
________________________________________
2.The sweater is fifty yuan.
________________________________________
3.It is two hundred meters from here.
________________________________________
4.My telephone number is 6665028.
________________________________________
5.There are 800 students in our school.
________________________________________
6.She has worked in Guangzhou for five years. 【挑战题】
________________________________________
7.Jackson was born in May, 1970.
________________________________________
8.It is March 7 today.
________________________________________
三、阅读理解。
John is a paper boy. He delivers newspapers to different houses in his street every day. He has about eighty customers. Half of his customers only take the newspapers on weekdays, and about half take the newspapers on weekdays and on Sundays. Two of John’s customers only take the newspapers on Sundays.
John has to get up at a quarter to five every morning to deliver his newspapers. It takes longer to deliver the newspapers on Sundays. The Sunday newspapers are twice as heavy as those on weekdays.
John is saving his money to buy a new bicycle. He is also saving money for college. He has already saved 500 dollars.
( ) John every day.
A. reads books B. sells newspaper
C. borrows books D. delivers newspaper
( ) How many customers does he have?
A. about 40 B. about 120 C. about 80 D. about 20
( ) of his customers only take the newspapers on Sundays.
A. Two B. Eighty C. Forty D. Twenty
( ) What time does he have to get up every morning?
A. 3:45 B. 4:45 C.5:45 D.5:15
( ) John is saving his money to buy .
A. a newspaper B. a new bag
C. a horse D. a new bike
answers:
一、1. eighth 2. quarter 3. thousands 4.first 5. fourth
6. sixth 7. twentieth 8. forty 9. second
二、1. What time/ When does Tim go to Zhongshan University every day?
2. How much is the sweater?
3. How far is it from here?
4. What’s your telephone number?
5. How many students are there in your school?
6. How long has she worked in Guangzhou?
7. When was Jackson born?
8. What date is it today?
三、DCABD
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