人教版(PEP)小升初英语语法讲义-第7讲：形容词（含练习+答案）

课题名称 小升初英语语法-第7讲：形容词
教学 目标 知识点：形容词、形容词的比较等级及特殊用法
考点: 形容词比较级；特殊用法
能力：提升知识综合运用能力，提高效率（重难点）
方法：讲练结合
Step 1 Homework Checking
课后练习讲评；
词汇听写：得分 _____________
知识点回顾：
用正确的介词填空。
The bed and the pillows ________ my new bedroom are the presents ________ my parents.
We often have hamburgers ________ lunch.
I help my mother ________ the housework.
Let’s put the bed ________ the wall.
I’d like a plate ________ rice, please.
They work ________ 8:00 ________ 16:00.
We are going to stay here ________ six months.
Ben looks ________ his father.
His mother is worried ________ him.
Xiao Ling was born ________ March 25th, 1991.
Do they usually have a rest ________ noon?
Would you like to go ________ the Pearl River Cruise?
Mother’s Day is always ________ May.
Can you help me look ________ the baby for 10 minutes?
They are leaving ________ London tomorrow.
answers: 1. in, from 2. for 3. with 4. against 5. of 6. from, to 7. for 8. like
9. about 10. on 11. at 12. on 13. in 14. after 15. for
Step 2 Warming-up
Spoken English Training
Lesson 1(c)
Ask me if that is his car.
Tell me – Yes, it is.
Ask me if it is a new car.
Tell me – No, it is an old car.
Ask me if cars are expensive in Taiwan.
Tell me – Yes, they are expensive.
Ask me if refrigerators and TV sets are also expensive in Taiwan.
Tell me .No, they are cheap.
Now, ask me if that young lady is Jane.
Tell me –No, she is your daughter.
Tell me she is beautiful.
Tell me your wife is also beautiful.
Tell me I am a lucky man.
Tell me –Yes, you are always lucky.
Ask me if I am tired.
Tell me – Yes, you are.
Tell me you are also tired.
Step 3 Phonetic Symbols
英语国际标准音标练习
元音 (20个) 单元音12个 前 元 音(4个) [i:] [i] [e] [?] 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

后 元 音(5个) [ɑ:] [?:] [?] [u:] [u] 　 　 　 　 　 　

中 元 音(3个) [?] [?:] [?] 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　
双元音8个 合口双元音(5个) [ei] [?u] [ai] [au] [?i] 　 　 　 　 　 　

集中双元音(3个) [i?] [u?] [??] 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　
辅音 (28个) 清 辅 音(11个) [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ] [?] [t?] [tr] [ts] [h]
浊 辅 音(17个) [b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [?] [?] [d?] [dr] [dz] [l]

[m] [n] [?] [j] [w] [r] 　 　 　 　 　
/p/ /pi:/ /pai/ /t?p/ /k?p/ /pi:pl/ /praid/
/b/ /bi:/ /bai/ /bai/ /bl?k/ /bε?/
/t/ /let/ /s?t/ /fi:t/ /ti:m/ /taid/
/d/ /led/ /s?d/ /fi:d/ /du:/ /di?/
/k/ /l?k/ /teik/ /kl?k/ /kla:s/ /′wi:kend/
/g/ /big/ /l?g/ /gla:s/ /g?m/ /gud/ /gest/
语音基础小练习
在下列各题的四个选项中选出一个划线部分读音不同的选项。
( )1. A. river B. little C. like D. listen
　　( )2. A. cheap B. tea C. bread D. easy
　　( ) 3 A. food B. moon C. cook D soon
　　( ) 4. A. three B. this C. think D. fifth
　　( ) 5. A. love B. cold C. onion D. come
answers: 1~5 CCCBB
Step 4 Language Learning
专题七：形容词
一．形容词的用法和位置
（一）形容词的概念：说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态，常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词。
（二）形容词的用法：
1.作定语，放在名词之前，不定代词之后
The nice girl is my sister.
这个漂亮的女孩是我的妹妹。
I have something important to tell you.
我有一些重要的事情要告诉你。
2．作表语，放在系动词之后
He looks happy.
他看起来很高兴。
3.作宾补，放在宾语之后，常与make, leave, keep等动词连用
You must keep your eyes closed.
你必须一直闭着眼睛。
4.作主语或宾语（少数形容词可与定冠词the连用，变成名词化的形容词，表示一类人。常见词有：
good/bad, rich/poor, young/old, deaf, blind, black/white, living/dead等。）
The young usually learn things more quickly than the old.
年轻人学东西通常比老年人快。
注意：1.当多个形容词同时修饰一个名词时，一般应遵循以下顺序：
限定词（冠词、指示代词、形容词物主代词、名词所有格、数词）+表示观点的描绘性形容词+表示大小、长短、高低及形状的形容词+年龄、新、旧的形容词+国籍、地区、出处的形容词+形成中心名词的表示材料的形容词。如：
a fine old stone bridge 一座古老的漂亮的石桥
two round blue dinner plates 两个圆形的蓝色餐盘
two big round new Chinese wooden tables 两张新的中国式的木制桌子
This is the first beautiful little white Chinese stone bridge.
这是第一座美丽的白色的中国小石桥。
【巧学妙用】概括为七个字：限、描、形、年、色、国、材。
2.表示长、宽、高、深或年龄的形容词位于名词之后。如：
It is over six hundred kilometers long.
它有六百多公里长。
She is 12 years old.
她12岁了。
3.一些特殊形容词
某些形容词说明事物间的关系、方位、时间、用途等，不能用程度副词来修饰，也没有比较级的变化，如the same, different, southern, northern, Chinese, Japanese等。
My answer is different from yours.
我的回答跟你的不一样。
4.有一些表示情感的表语形容词后可接动词不定式
Be+glad/happy/pleased/sorry/sad/sure/kind/ready/afraid/able/easy/difficult+to do sth
5.常见名词变形容词的方法
（1）表示天气的名词：
-y充满….的，多….的：cloud---cloudy; sun---sunny; wind---windy
(2)表示方位的名词：
-ern….方位的，朝…方的：west---western; east---eastern
(3)表示称谓的名词：
-ly…般的：friend---friendly; mother---motherly
(4)表示时间的名词：
-ly每…的：week---weekly; day---daily
(5)表示物质的名词：
-en…制成的：wood---wooden; gold---golden
(6)表示情感的名词：
-ful,-y,-less…的，无…的：
care---careful; use---useful; luck---lucky; noise---noisy;
hope---hopeless; care---careless
(7)表示大洲与国家的名词：
-n…的，…的人：Asia---Asian; America---American
二．形容词原级的用法
1.说明人或事物自身的性质、特征或状态时用形容词原级。
The flowers in the garden are beautiful.
花园的花儿真漂亮。
2.有表示程度的副词very, so, too, enough, quite等修饰时用形容词原级。
The boy is too young.
这个男孩太小了。
3.表示A与B在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。
①肯定句中的结构：A…+as+形容词原级+as +B。
English is as interesting as Chinese.
英语和语文一样有趣。
②否定句中的结构：A…+not +as/so+形容词原级+as +B。
I am not so careful as Lucy.
我不如露西仔细。
③表示“A是B的…倍”时，用“A…+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B”结构。
Our school is three times as big as theirs.
我们学校是他们学校的3倍大。
④“…half as+形容词原级+as…”表示“…是…的一半…”。
Her room is half as big as yours.
她的房间是你的房间的一半大。
三．形容词比较等级的构成：原级、比较级和最高级
（一）规则变化和不规则变化构成的方法
比较级与最高级的构成
1.规则变化：
①单音节词和少数双音节词一般直接加-er/-est long—longer—longest
②以不发音字母e结尾的，加-r, -st later—later—latest
③以辅音字母加y结尾的，把y变i, 再加-er,-est easy—easier—easiest
④以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写该辅音字母，再加-er, -est big—bigger—biggest
hot—hotter—hottest
⑤多音节词和部分双音节词在原级前加more, most careful—more careful—most careful
2.不规则变化：
口诀：合二为一共三对，“坏”“病”“两多”和“两好”。
一分为二有两个，一是“远”来二是“老”，还有一词含双义，只记“少”来不记“小”。
（解释：合二为一即两个相同的比较级和最高级，他们共有三对即bad/ill; many/much; good/well;一分为二即一个词有两个比较级和最高级，它们共有两个，即far和old;一词双义是指little,有“少”用，比较级为less,最高级为least,作“小”用时，没有比较级和最高级。
①三对 bad/ill—worse—worst many/much—more—most good/well—better—best
②两个far—farther(较远)/further(进一步) —farthest(最远)/furthest(最大程度) old—older(年纪较大的)/elder(较年长的) —oldest（年纪最大的）/eldest（最年长的）
③双义一个little(少) —less—least, little(小)，没有比较级和最高级。
（二）形容词比较级和最高级的主要结构
形容词比较级（两者比较）
1.主语+be+比较级+than+另一主语
The box is heavier than that one.这个箱子比那个更重。
2.主语+be+比较级+than any other+名词单数
He is taller than any other boy in his class.他比他们班任何一个男生都要高。
3.主语+be+比较级+than the other+名词复数
He is taller than the other boys in his class.他比他们班其余男生都要高。
4.Who/Which+be+比较级，A or B?表示两者之间进行选择“哪一个更…”
Who is taller, Li Ming or Wang Tao?谁更高，李明还是王涛？
5．主语+be +the+比较级+of the two…表示“两者之间最…的一个”
Mary is the taller of the twins.玛丽是双胞胎中较高的。
6.表示“越来越…”时，用比较级重叠结构，即“比较级+and+比较级”，多音节词和部分双音节词用“more and more+形容词原级”。
It’s getting warmer and warmer in spring.春天天气变得越来越暖和。
Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的家乡正变得越来越漂亮。
7.表示“越…，越…”时，用“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构。
The more we get together, the happier we’ll be.聚会越多，我们越高兴。
8.有表示程度的副词a little, a bit, a few, a lot, much, even, still, far, rather, any等修饰时，用形容词比较级。
I feel even worse now.现在我甚至感觉更糟糕了。
It is much colder today than before.今天比以前冷多了。
形容词的最高级（三者或三者以上的比较）
1.主语+be +the+最高级+of+人/物/数字；主语+be +the+最高级+in+地方
He is the tallest of the three boys.他是三个男孩中最高的。
Taiwan is the biggest island in China.台湾是中国最大的岛屿。
2.表示“最…的…之一”时，用“主语+be +one of +the+最高级+of+名词复数”结构。
Zhou jielun is one of the most popular singers.周杰伦是最受欢迎的歌星之一。
3.表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时，用“Who/Which is+ the+最高级，A,B or C?结构。
Which city is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuzhou?哪个城市最漂亮，北京、上海还是福州？

易错点清单
一．辨析几组形容词
1.interesting和interested
interesting表示事物本身是“有趣的，令人感兴趣的”。作表语时，多用于sth.be interesting句型，主语通常是物；作定语时，既可修饰人，也可修饰物。
interested常表示某人对某物“感兴趣”，多用于be interested in sth.句型，主语通常是人。如：
I have an interesting book.我有一本有趣的书。
He is interested in the book.他对这本书感兴趣。
常见类似的-ing形容词和-ed形容词还有：
（1）surprising 令人惊讶的；surprised 感到惊讶的
（2）exciting 令人兴奋的；excited 感到兴奋的
（3）pleasing 令人愉快的；pleased感到愉快、满意的
（4）frightening 令人恐惧的；frightened 感到恐惧的
（5）moving 令人感动的；moved 受感动的
（6）tiring 使人疲倦的；tired 感到疲倦的
（7）fascinating 迷人的；fascinated 着迷的
2.ill和sick
两个词都可以表示“病的，生病的”意思，都可以作表语，但作定语时只用sick而不能用ill(ill作定语时，意为“坏的”，而不是“病的”)。如：
The sick man is his father.那位病人是他父亲。
She has been ill for three weeks.她已经病了三个星期。
3.farther和further
farther和further都是far的比较级。其用法区别是：在谈论地点、方向或距离时，farther和further可以互换，但further还有“更多，进一步，稍后，额外”等含义，这时不能与farther互换使用。
The problem must be further discussed next time.这个问题下一次必须进一步讨论。
We must get further information.我们必须获取更多的信息。
4.older和elder
older和elder都是old的比较级。Older常用于表比较的句型中，意为“较老的，较旧的，年纪较大的”；elder只用于比较一家人的年龄长幼，意为“年长的”。Elder除指家庭成员外，也可以指其他人，意思是“资格老的”。
Your bike is older than mine.你的自行车比我的旧。
He is older than you.他比你年龄大。
He is my elder brother.他是我哥哥。
He is an elder teacher.他是个资格老的老师。
5.alone和lonely
alone强调独自一人，常用作表语，作定语时置于名词后。另外，alone也可用作副词，意思是“单独地，孤单地”，而lonely一般不作副词用。Lonely作表语时，表示寂寞，含有强烈的感彩；作定语时含有“荒凉”之意。
He lives alone, but he didn’t feel lonely.他一个人住，但是他并不寂寞。
The man lived in a lonely island. 那个男人住在一个孤岛上。
6.alive和lively
alive是表语形容词，既可指人，也可指物，与living可互换。lively侧重指“活泼的，活跃的”，与“死板”对应。
Was the snake alive or dead?这条蛇是死了还是活着？
That’s a lively baby.那是一个活泼的婴儿。
7.else和other
else常与what, who, how, where, when等特殊疑问句和不定代词、副词如：somebody, anything, somewhere等连用，并放在它们后边；other常用来修饰名词，放在名词前边。如：
What else did you see?=What other things did you see?你还看见别的什么东西了？
Do you have anything else to say?你还有别的事情要说吗？
二．在同一范围内比较时，必须把主体排除在被比较的范围之外
China is larger than any other country in Asia.
中国比亚洲其他任何一个国家都大。（在同一范围内，只能和其他对象进行比较）
China is larger than any country in Africa.
中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。（在不同范围内，可以和其中任意一个对象进行比较）
三．以-ly结尾的形容词和副词
许多形容词加-ly可以构成副词，但有些以-ly结尾的词不是副词，而是形容词。
friendly 友好的；lonely 孤独的
lovely 可爱的；likely 可能的，有希望的
daily 日常的；lively 有生气的
四．只能作表语和只能作定语的形容词
只作表语的形容词有：afraid, alone, asleep, awake, alive, well(健康的)，ill（有病的），frightened（害怕的）等。只作定语的形容词有:only, little(小的)，wooden, woolen, elder以及一些复合形容词（如man-made, take-away, kind-hearted）。
如：He is well.他很好。
He is a little boy.他是个小男孩。
She was a kind-hearted woman.她是位心地善良的妇女。
五．形容词作后置定语的情况
（1）形容词修饰复合不定代词（如something, anybody, everyone等）时要后置。
The teacher has something important to tell us.老师有重要事情要告诉我们。
（2）else只能作后置定语，修饰不定代词somebody, nothing, anyone等以及疑问代词what, who, whom, whose。
Did anyone else want me? 有别的人找我吗？
（3）形容词有数词修饰时，形容词要置于其后。
There is a tree about 35 feet tall in our village.我们村有一棵大约35英尺高的树。
（4）形容词短语作定语，或由and/or连接的两个形容词作定语，一般后置。
We didn’t find the basket full of apples.我们找不到那个装满苹果的篮子了。
Power stations, large and have been set up all over the country.在全国各地建立了大大小小的发电站。
（5）enough作形容词修饰名词时，可前可后；但enough用作副词，修饰形容词或副词时必须后置。
We don’t have money enough/enough money to buy the Mp4 player.我们没有足够的钱买那个MP4。
He can run fast enough to catch the thief.他能跑得足够快抓住小偷。
【小升初真题演练】
1. Tokyo is noisy. But Wellington is q________.
2. Today I am f_______. But yesterday I was busy.
3. We worked all day yesterday. We were very t_______.
4. The book is ________. My sister is ________ in reading it.
A. interested, interesting B. interesting, interesting C. interesting, interested
5. Lucy is the ________ of the three.
A. tall B. taller C. tallest
6. The ball is 200 yuan. It is e________.
7. Beijing is a b________ city.
8. The box is h________. I can’t carry it.
9. Yesterday’s meeting was not interesting .
A. important B. exciting C. boring
10. Jack is a top student.
A. bad B. best C. tall
11. The box is very l________ . You can carry it easily .
12.Annie has a ________ (圆的) face.
13.The movie star is very f _______. Many people know him.
answers: 1. quiet 2. free 3. tired 4. C 5. C 6. expensive 7. big / beautiful
8. heavy 9. C 10. B 11. light 12. round 13. famous
【课堂练习】
精点精练
一、写出下列各词的比较级和最高级。
1.busy ________ ________ 2.long ________ ________　3.short ________ ________
4.old ________ ________　 5.small ________ ________ 6.big ________ ________
二、单项选择。
( ) 1. ---Which is ________ season in Guangzhou? ---I think it's autumn
　 A. good B. better C. best D. the best
( ) 2. The second-hand camera is much ________ than that new one.
　 A. cheap B. cheaper C. dear D. dearest
( ) 3. An elephant is ________ than a tiger.
　　 A. heavy B. very heavy 　C. the heaviest D. heavier
( ) 4. "Which animal do you like ________ ?" "I like all kinds of animals."
　　 A. better B. best 　 　 C. very D. well
( ) 5. ---The TV programme (节目) is boring. Shall we play chess instead?
---All right. That is ________ than watching a boring TV programme.
　　 A. very good B. much good 　 　C. very better D. much better
( ) 6. The river ________ to the sea. It is _________ in the country.
　　 A. runs, the longest B. runs, a longer
　　 C. is run, the longest D. run, a longest
( ) 7. ---Which is your favorite vegetable?
---________ vegetables, I like cabbage ________ .
　　 A. Of, better B. Of all the, best 　 　C. With, better D. With, best
( ) 8. Mary has three brothers. Smith is ________ of the three.
　　 A. most tall B. the tallest C. taller D. tallest
( ) 9. Which do you like ________, tea or juice?
　　 A. well B. good C. better D. best
( ) 10. The Thames is the _______ river in London. (2011大联盟)
A. famous B. most famous C. more famous D. famousest
( ) 11. Is Christmas __________ festival in western countries?
A. the most popular B. most popular
C. most popularest D. the popularest
( ) 12. I’m __________ the VCD is very___________.
A. surprising; interesting B. surprising; interested
C. surprised; interesting D. surprised; interested
( ) 13. I like the __________ in the garden.
A. yellow small flowers B. flowers small yellow
C. small yellow flowers D. flowers yellow small
( ) 14. She looks ____than her elder sister.
A. more older B. much old C. even older D. even old
( ) 15. ---How was your trip last Sunday?
---Great! But it was much ______ than in the city because we were in the mountains.
A. colder B. cold C. coldest D. the coldest
三、完成句子。
1. 她看起来不如玛丽年轻。
She doesn't look __________ __________ __________ Mary.
2. 杰克的父亲比母亲大一岁。
Jack's father is __________ __________ __________ than her mother.
3. 我们的教室比他们的明亮得多。
Our classroom is __________ __________ than theirs.
4. 当心！这条路越来越危险。
Look out! The road is becoming __________ and __________ __________.
5. 你喜欢哪种动物，猫还是狗？
Which animal do you like__________, a cat or a dog?
6. 有些东西并不像我们想的那么容易，它们很难。(华师附中)
Some things are not as ___________ as we think. They’re_________.
7. 本摘了最多的橙子。(09番禺华附)
Ben picked up ______ ________ ___________.
8. Jack的妈妈很担心他的学习。（11省实）
Jack’s mum _________ very _________ _________ his study.
answers:
一、1. busier, busiest 2. longer, longest 3. shorter, shortest
4. older, oldest 5. smaller, smallest 6. bigger, biggest
二、1~5 DBDBD 6~10 ABBCB 11~15 ACCCA
三、1. as young as 2. one year older 3. much brighter 4. more, more dangerous 5. better
6. easy, difficult 7. the most oranges 8. is, worried about
Homework:
温习本堂课所学知识；
词汇短语听写 ；
小升初模拟题练习:
选出划线部分单词读音与其他三个不同的单词。（5分）
( ) A. bike B. city C. time D. side
2.( ) A. these B. there C. three D. that
3.( ) A. put B. brother C. nothing D. hungry
4.( ) A. see B. meet C. green D. eraser
5. ( ) A. follow B. borrow C. know D. brown
6.( ) A. food B. cook C. foot D. book
7.( ) A. here B. near C. careful D. idea
8.( ) A. name B. grade C. have D. plane
9.( ) A. sits B. cooks C. helps D. stands
10.( ) A. great B. bread C. sweater D. breakfast
判断下列单词画线部分的发音是否相同，如相同写T，否写F。（5分）
1. ( ) near hear 2. ( ) pair chair
3. ( ) cow row 4. ( ) thank that
5. ( ) books boats 6. ( ) food cook
7. ( ) horse work 8. ( ) move no
9. ( ) sky lady 10. ( ) glad glass
根据句子的意思和首字母提示，填上所缺的单词。（10分）
The first month of the year is J__________.
A bird is singing. Can you h_________ it?
Xian Xinghai was a famous Chinese m_________.
He does sports every day, so he is very h__________.
Aunt Chen is thin but her husband is f_________.
She l________ like her mother.
When the teacher came into the classroom, we stopped t__________.
Some things are not as easy as we think. They are d_________.
After one week, the s________ became a shoot.
She often borrows books from the l__________.
选择题。（15分）
( ) 1. I eggs and milk breakfast this morning.
A. have; at B. have; for C. had; for D. had; at
( ) 2. May I these books out of the reading room?
A. bring B. catch C. take D. put
( ) 3. You’d better in bed.
A. stay B. staying C. stays D. stayed
( ) 4. The girl likes the idea, but the boy is it.
A. don’t like B. against C. doesn’t D. not like
( ) 5. Why are you looking at like that?
A. me B. my C. mine D. I
( ) 6. The man a book in his hand is my father.
A. in B. of C. on D. with
( ) 7. The books are my .
A. students B. students’s C. students’ D. students of
( ) 8. Everyone in our class very busy now.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
( ) 9. This is Miss Gao. She _____ your new teacher.
A. be B. am C. is D. are
( ) 10. Maria likes to talk the phone.
A. in B. on C. at D. with
answers:
一、1~5 BCADD 6~10 ACCDA
二、1~5 TTFFT 6~10 FFFFF
三、1. January 2. hear 3. musician 4. healthy 5. fat 6. looks 7. talking 8. difficult
9. seed 10. library
四、1~5 CCABA 6~10 DCBCB
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