人教版(PEP)小升初英语语法讲义-第3讲：冠词（含练习+答案）

课题名称 小升初英语语法-第3讲：冠 词
教学 目标 不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词的用法；（重点）
冠词用法的特殊情况；（难点）
语音；
小升初题型综合训练。
Step 1 Homework Checking
课后练习讲评；
词汇听写：得分 _____________
上节课知识点回顾；
请写出下列数字的序数词
1
95
2
12
3
20
4
39
5
14
19
40
answers: first, ninety-fifth, second, twelfth, third, twentieth,
fourth, thirty-ninth, fifth, fourteenth, nineteenth, fortieth
口头句子翻译
Step 2 Warming-up
Guess: answer: World Wide Web
Step 3 Phonetic Symbols
英语国际标准音标练习
元音 (20个) 单元音12个 前 元 音(4个) [i:] [i] [e] [?] 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

后 元 音(5个) [ɑ:] [?:] [?] [u:] [u] 　 　 　 　 　 　

中 元 音(3个) [?] [?:] [?] 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　
双元音8个 合口双元音(5个) [ei] [?u] [ai] [au] [?i] 　 　 　 　 　 　

集中双元音(3个) [i?] [u?] [??] 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　
辅音 (28个) 清 辅 音(11个) [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ] [?] [t?] [tr] [ts] [h]
浊 辅 音(17个) [b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [?] [?] [d?] [dr] [dz] [l]

[m] [n] [?] [j] [w] [r] 　 　 　 　 　
/ ? / /m?st/ /d?z/ /′m?ni/ /′?gli/ /k?m/
/?:/ /n?:s/ /b?:d/ /b?:n/ /t?:n/ /g?:l/
/? / /bet?/ /nev?/ /w?:k?/ /welk?m/
语音基础小练习：
判断下列单词划线部分发音，相同划“√”，不同划“×”（5分）
（? ? ）1.five? ? thin? ?? ?? ??? （? ? ）2.much? ?? ?usually
（? ? ）3.lake? ? wait? ?? ?? ? （? ? ）4.phone? ?? ?bottle
（? ? ）5.me? ? be? ?? ?? ?? ???（? ? ）6.lot? ?? ?note
（? ? ）7.over? ? old? ?? ?? ???（? ? ）8.tree? ?? ?eat
（? ? ）9.slow? ? down? ?? ? （? ? ）10.horse? ???work
answers: 1~5 ××√×√ 6~10 ×√√××
Step 4 Language Learning
专题三：冠 词
一、冠词的分类
冠词主要放在名词之前，说明名词所表示的人或事物，它不能离开名词单独存在。冠词分为两种：a和an为不定冠词；the为定冠词。
二、冠词的用法
不定冠词a, an的基本用法：
（1）在叙述时用于第一次提到的某人或某物
This is a book. 这是一本书。
（2）泛指人或事物的某一类别，以区别其他种类
A plane is a machine that can fly. 飞机是一种能飞的机器。
（3）泛指某人或某物
A girl is waiting for you. 有个女孩在等你。
（4）用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前，有“每一”的意思，相当于every
two kilometers an hour 每小时两千米，
five lessons a week 一周五节课，
twice a month 一个月两次
（5）用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前，表示“一阵，一份，一类，一场”等
There’ll be a strong wind in south China. 在华南地区将有一股强风。
（6）用于某些固定词组中
a few/ little/ bit 一点，have a swim/ walk/ look/ rest/ drink
have a cold 感冒，have a good time 玩的开心，in a hurry 匆忙
for a while 一会，keep a diary 写日记，do sb. a favor 帮助某人
（7）用于可视为一体的连个名词前
a knife and fork 一副刀叉
定冠词the的基本用法：
（1）表示双方都知道的人或事物
Give me the book ,please. 请给我那本书。
（2）表示特指的或上文以提到过得人或事物
I have a book. The book is very interesting. 我有本书。这本书很有趣。
（3）表示世界上独一无二的事物
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。
（4）用在序数词、形容词最高级前面，以及对两个人或事物进行比较时起特指作用的比较级前
The first lesson is very easy. 第一课很简单。
He is the tallest of the two boys. 他是这两个男孩中较高的一个。
She is the most careful student in my class.
（5）用在姓氏的复数形式前表示一家人或夫妻俩
The Green are watching TV now. 格林一家人现在正在看电视。
（6）用在单数可数名词前，表示一类人或事物
The orange is orange. 橘子是橘黄色的。
（7）用于江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠等专有名词前，或有普通名词构成的专有名词前
the Great Wall 长城，the United States 美国，
（8）与某些形容词连用，表示一类人
The rich should help the poor. 富人应该帮助穷人。
（9）用在表示方位或西洋乐器名称的名词之前
Jilin is in the north of China. 吉林位于中国的北部。
I like playing the piano. 我喜欢弹钢琴。
（10）用在某些固定词组中
at the same time 同时，in the open air 在户外
注意：
（1）当定冠词与all ,half ,both ,double等词连用修饰名词时，定冠词因放在这些词之后。
Look, all the books are there. 瞧，所有的书都在这儿。
Both the bys are from Class1 ,Grade2. 这两个男孩都是二年一班的。
（2）当定冠词表示倍数、分数的词连用时，需要放在这些词之后。
The bed is three times the size of that one.这张床是那张床的3倍大。
The rope is one third the length of that one.这根绳子是那根的1/3长。
不用冠词的场合：
（1）某些专有名词，如人名、地名、国名、物质名词、抽象名词表示泛指时前面用零冠词
China is a great country. 中国是一个伟大的国家。
Mary lives in New York. 玛丽住在纽约。
（2）名词前已有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格等修饰时，用零冠词
Every student likes English in our class. 我们班每个学生都喜欢英语。
（3）用在表节日、日期、星期、月份、季节等的词前面，但若特指某年的某月份或某年的某季节，则需要在月份、季节前加the
June 1 is Children’s Day. 6月1 日是儿童节。
Spring comes after winter. 冬天过后就是春天。
（4）用在称呼或表示头衔的名词前
This is Professor Li. 这是李教授。
What’s wrong, Granny? 怎么了，格兰妮？
（5）用在三餐、球类以及学科名词前（三餐前用零冠词，但是如果三餐前有形容词修饰，则要用冠词，如：after a quick breakfast ,he went to school.）
I went to school without breakfast this morning. 今天早上我没吃早餐就去上学了。
He often plays football after school. 他经常放学后去踢足球。
（6）用在“专有名词+普通名词”构成的表示街名、路名、山名等的名词前
Nanjing Road 南京路 ，Hainan Island 海南岛
（7）用在与by连用的交通工具名称前（但take a bus ,in a boat ,on the bike中需用冠词）
by car 乘小汽车 ，by train乘火车
（8）用在公共假日、节日名称之前
New Year’s Day 新年 ，Women’s Day 妇女节
（9）用在表特定的公园、街道、车站、桥、学校等的名词前
People’s Park 人民公园
（10）用在某些固定词组或习惯用语中
on time 准时 ，in time及时 ，in trouble 遇到麻烦
易错点清单
一、不定冠词a/an的区别
（1）a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前，an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。
a good student一个好学生
an easy way一种容易的方法
There is an “f ”in the word “five”. 在单词 “five”里有一个 “f ”。
（2）有的词虽然以辅音字母开头，但使用an。如hour和honest虽然以h开头，但h并不发音，其发音是以元音音素开头的，因此用an。
an hour 一小时
an honest boy一个诚实的男孩
（3）也有虽然以元音字母开头但是使用a的情形。如useful ,university开头音素/ju:/及one开头音素/w/都属于辅音音素。
a useful book一本有用的书
a university一所大学
a one-hour trip一次一小时的旅行
注意：判断一个单词是以元音音素开头还是以辅音因素开头，要根据读音，而不是根据其字母。
二、如何用冠词表示类别
定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词都可以与名词连用，表示一类事物。
用法区别 例句：马是有用的动物。
a/an + 名词单数 A horse is a useful animal.
the + 名词单数 The horse is a useful animal.
零冠词 + 名词复数或不可数名词 Horses are useful animals.
三、有定冠词与无定冠词的区别
go to school 上学（是学生）
go to the school到学校去（不一定是学生）
go to bed就寝，上床睡觉
go to the bed向床边走去（不一定是去睡觉）
in hospital因病住院
in the hospital在医院里（不一定是病人）
at table吃饭
at the table在桌子旁边
at school在上学
at the school在学校里
in class在上课
in the class在班级里
in future今后
in the future将来
in front of在（…外部的）前面
in the front of在（…内部的）前面
next year明年
the next year第二年
by sea乘船
by the sea在海边
in bed（睡、病、躺）在床上
in the bed（某物）在床上
on earth究竟
on the earth在地球上
take place发生
take the place(of)代替
go to church做礼拜
go to the church到教堂去
on horseback骑着马
on the horseback在马背上
two of us我们当中的两人
the two of us我们两人（共计两人）
out of question毫无疑问
out of the question不可能，不允许，不值得讨论
四、序数词前面用定冠词与不定冠词的区别
“the + 序数词”表示“第几……” ；“a + 序数词”表示“又一，再一” 。
The cake is delicious, and I would like a second one.
蛋糕很好吃，我还想再吃一块。
五、a number of, the number of
a number of意思是“许多”，相当于many,当其加名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；
the number of意思是“……的数量”，当其加名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
A number of students like playing computer games.
许多学生喜欢玩电脑游戏。
The number of the students is about 1,500 in our school.
我们学校学生的人数大约是1,500人。
六、在句型“动词 + 人 + 介词 + the + 人体部位” 中要用the,而不用物主代词。
take sb. by the hand抓住某人的手
hit sb. on the head打某人的头
pat sb. on the shoulder拍某人的肩
hit sb. in the face打某人的脸
七、当名词被其他词修饰时，不定冠词a或an的位置应注意：
（1）当名词被such ,half ,what ,many修饰时，不定冠词放在这些词之后。
He left in such a hurry that he forgot to close the door.
他离开得如此匆忙以至于忘记了关门。
It took me half an hour to write the letter.
写那封信花费了我半个小时。
What an interesting book it is !
这是多么有趣的一本书啊！
Many a man has gone to the big city for work.
许多人去大城市打工了。
（2）当名词前面的形容词前有so ,how ,too等词时，不定冠词应放在形容词后。
She was so nice a girl that she took the blind man to the station.
他是这么好的一个女孩，她把那位盲人带到了医院。
How nice a film this is !
这是一部多么好的电影啊。
（3）当名词前的形容词有quite ,rather 或very时，不定冠词置于quiet或rather之后，very之前。
quite a good book一本相当好的书
rather a useful tool一种相当有用的工具
a very interesting story一个非常有趣的故事
【小升初真题演练】
(1) ( ) Look at ___________ .How nice it looks.
A. moon B. the moon C. a moon D. the moons
(2) ( ) She has got _______ European stamp.
A. a B. / C. an D. some
(3) ( ) Mike is ________honest boy in his class．
A. a B. an C. The
(4) ( ) Mrs. Arthur can piano.
A. played the B. played C. plays the D. play the
answers: 1~4 BABD
【课堂练习】
一、选择正确的答案，将其字母编号写在括号里。
( )1) Can you play ________ violin ?
A. a B. an C. the D. \
( )2) Mr. Black teaches us how to play _______ basketball .
A. a B. an C. the D. \
( )3) My father goes to work by _______ bus every day .
A. a B. an C. the D. \
( )4) We should help _________ old .
A. a B. an C. the D. \
( )5) _______ young man with a white cap has a lot of money .
A. A B. An C. The D. \
( )6) What’s _________ matter with May ?
A. a B. an C. the D. \
( )7) You can see a shop on ________ left .
A. a B. an C. the D. \
( )8) At ________ beginning of the class ,we are bored .
A. a B. an C. the D. \
( )9) By _______ way ,can you tell me how to go to the library ?
A. a B. an C. the D. \
( )10) I am going to Shanghai __________ day after tomorrow .
A. a B. an C. the D. \
( )11) Gorge is ______ tallest boy in our class .
A. a B. an C. the D. \
( )12) Do you have ______ lunch at home ?
A. a B. an C. the D. \
( )13) A rabbit runs much faster than ______ ant.
A. a B. an C. the D. \
( )14) ______ sun is much bigger than the moon .
A. A B. An C. The D. \
( )15) Jenny has 10 Chinese classes ________ week .
A. a B. an C. the D. \
二、用a, an,或the填空，“\”表示不填。
Kate is (1)________ American girl .There are 6 people in Kate’s family ,her parents ,her brother and her two sisters ,She is (2)_________ oldest .Her brother Daniel is (3)________ third child .Her sister Nina is (4)_______ second .Her sister Joan is only (5)________ little girl .She is 2 years old now. Kate studies in (6)________ No .Six Middle School. Daniel is (7)_______ primary school pupil and Nina is (8)_______ primary pupil too. She is in (9)________ Grade Five now ,Her English teacher is (10)_______American woman .She’s tall and thin, She can speak beautiful (11) ________ English and she can sing nice (12)_______ songs , (13)________ boys and girls in Nina’s class like her .Her music teacher is(14) _______ man. (15)_______ boys like him but the girls don’t .
answers:
一、1~5 CDDCC 6~10 CCCCC 11~15 CDBCA
二、1. an 2. the 3. the 4. the 5. a 6. \ 7. a 8. a 9. \ 10. an
11. \ 12. \ 13. the 14. a 15. The
Homework:
温习本堂课所学知识；
词汇短语听写 ；
巩固练习：
根据句子的意思选择a ,an ,the或\（不填）填空。
1） Take _______ third left .You’ll see ________ big building.
2） _________ second person from the right is my best friend .
3） The children do their homework at _________ seven _______ every evening .
4） Who cleaned the classroom ___________ yesterday .
5） There is ________ office opposite the teachers’ room .
6） What’s _______ matter ? Do you have ________headache ?
7） ________ stars are bright in _______ sky .
8） ________ students of No. 10 Middle School are going to visit the farm _____ next Saturday.
9） Tony is _____honest boy.
10） Mother bought me ______ uniform yesterday.
11） There is ______ “f” in the word “friend”.
12） I have ______good idea.
13） Can you play ________guitar?
14） ________outside of________ house was painted red.
15）There is ________picture on the wall . ________picture is very beautiful.
answers: 1. the, a/the 2. The 3. \ , \ 4. \ 5. an
6. the, a 7. The, the 8. The, \ 9. an 10. a
11. an 12. a 13. the 14. The, the 15. a, The
小升初模拟题练习：
一、语音。（10%）
请选出下列单词划线部分发音不同的一项。（5%）
( ) 1. A. green B. break C. great D. rain
( ) 2. A. Thursday B. throw C. with D. thanks
( ) 3. A. cool B. zoo C. football D. kangaroo
( ) 4. A. borrow B. now C. bowl D. grow
( ) 5. A. is B. because C. visit D. yes
B) 请找出下列单词划线部分发音与所给音标发音一致的选项。（5%）
( ) 6. [ ? ] A. bottle B. potato C. tomato D. radio
( ) 7. [ ? ] A. many B. men C. apple D. dentist
( ) 8. [ i? ] A. there B. hare C. here D. hair
( ) 9. [ ? ] A. worker B. horse C. her D. writer
( ) 10. [ θ ] A. with B. then C. thirty D. mother
语法选择。（20%）
( ) 1. Listen! Someone ______ you downstairs.
A. call B. are calling C. calls D. is calling
( ) 2. There ______ a pear and three apples in the fridge.
A. have B. is C. are D. has
( ) 3. There is _____ small apple tree over there. There is a bird _____ the apple tree.
A. a, on B. an, on C. a, in D. an, in
( ) 4. You'd better ______ home.
A. to go B. go to C. going to D. go
( ) 5. ---______ do you have a dancing class?
---Twice a week.
A. How B. How long C. How soon D. How often
( ) 6. She doesn't ______ TV.
A. likes watch B. likes to watch C. like watching D. like watch
( ) 7. There are twenty in our school. Some of them are .
A. women teachers, Germans B. woman teachers, Germans
C. woman teachers, Germen D. women teachers, Germen
( ) 8. I get up a quarter to six a hot morning.
A. at , in B. at, at C. on, on D. at, on
( ) 9. The word “fish” has “f”.
A. an B. a C. the D. ／
( ) 10. I want to buy ____________.
A. two box of eggs B. two bottles of orange juices
C. a box of pears D. two bottle of milk
( ) 11. Which do you like ________, table tennis or basketball?
A. best B. good C. well D. better
( ) 12. ---Hi, Tom! There _________ a film about Monkey King the day after tomorrow.
---That’s great.
A. is going to be B. is going to have
C. will has D. are going to have
( ) 13. Guilin is a beautiful place ________.
A. to visit B. is visiting C. visit D. visited
( ) 14. I’m ________ the VCD is very_________.
A. surprising; interesting B. surprising; interested
C. surprised; interesting D. surprised; interested
( ) 15. All the bread _________ in the paper bag.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
( ) 16. Look, there is some _________ in the picture.
A. coke B. cups of tea C. bottle of coffee D. oranges
( ) 17. ---Must we borrow books with an ID card?
---No, you ________. But you must have a library card.
A. aren’t B. needn’t C. may not D. mustn’t
( ) 18. We study on the _______ floor in the teaching building.
A. ninth B. forth C. fiveth D. three
( ) 19. David Beckham is a famous ________ from the U.K.
A. policeman B. inventor C. musician D. footballer
( ) 20. You are having a meal with your friend. You want to ask him to eat some steak. What would you say?
A. Help yourself to some steak. B. Don’t you like steak?
C. Eat the steak. D. It’s very kind of you.
answers:
一、语音。
A) 请选出下列单词划线部分发音不同的一项。（5%）
1 2 3 4 5
A C C B D
B) 请找出下列单词划线部分发音与所给音标发音一致的选项。（5%）
6 7 8 9 10
A C C D C
单项选择。（20%）
1 2 3 4 5
D B C D D
6 7 8 9 10
C A D A C
11 12 13 14 15
D A A C A
16 17 18 19 20
A B A D A
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