人教版(PEP)小升初英语语法讲义-第4讲：代词（含练习+答案）

课题名称 小升初英语语法-第4讲：代 词
教学 目标 1. 人称代词主格、宾格形式及其主要用法；（重点）
2. 名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的形式、区别及其主要用法；（难点）
3. 反身代词的形式、意义及其主要用法；（重点）
4. 常见不定代词的一般用法；（难点）
5. 指示代词的一般用法，并了解其在上下文中的指代用法。
Step 1 Homework Checking
课后练习讲评；
词汇听写：得分 _____________
知识点回顾：
用正确的冠词填空，不需要的地方填“/”。
1. There is _________ book on the desk.
2. December 25th is __________ Christmas.
3. _________ girl in yellow is my cousin.
4. I have got ________ English book in my desk.
5. Beijing is ________ beautiful city. It’s _________ capital of _________ China.
6. ________ moon goes around _________ earth.
7. ________ first man from the left is __________ youngest.
8. He’s _________ schoolboy.
9. I often have ________ breakfast at 7:00 in _________ morning.
10. ________ spring is __________ beginning of a year.
11. Jack likes playing __________ piano and her brother likes playing _________ football.
12. I went shopping _________ yesterday.
13. I am going to Beijing ____________ next week.
14. Would you like to go to the zoo with me ___________ tomorrow morning?
answers:
1. a 2. / 3. The 4. an 5. a, the, / 6. The, the 7. The, the 8. a 9. /, the 10. /
11. the, / 12. / 13. / 14. /
Step 2 Warming-up
Guess: answer: Very Important Person
Step 3 Phonetic Symbols
英语国际标准音标练习
元音 (20个) 单元音12个 前 元 音(4个) [i:] [i] [e] [?] 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

后 元 音(5个) [ɑ:] [?:] [?] [u:] [u] 　 　 　 　 　 　

中 元 音(3个) [?] [?:] [?] 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　
双元音8个 合口双元音(5个) [ei] [?u] [ai] [au] [?i] 　 　 　 　 　 　

集中双元音(3个) [i?] [u?] [??] 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　
辅音 (28个) 清 辅 音(11个) [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ] [?] [t?] [tr] [ts] [h]
浊 辅 音(17个) [b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [?] [?] [d?] [dr] [dz] [l]

[m] [n] [?] [j] [w] [r] 　 　 　 　 　
/ei/ /mei/ /neim/ /geim/ /eit/ /eid?/
/?u/ /n?u/ /h?um/ /h?up/ /r?ut/ /n?ut/ /p?uz/
/ai/ /ai/ /taim/ /bai/ /rait/ /baik/ /kait/
/au/ /nau/ /aut/ /hau/ / ?′baut/ /sauθ/ /haus/
/?i/ /b?i/ /t?i/ /n?iz/ /v?is/ /p?int/ /k?in/
语音基础小练习：
找出读音不同的一项。
1) ( ) A. doctor B. clock C. close D. frog
2) ( ) A boxes B oranges C shoes D. watches
3) ( ) A. knife B. thank C. night D. funny
4) ( ) A. cow B. how C. brown D. window
5) ( ) A. there B. here C .hair D. hare
answer: 1~5 CCBDB
Step 4 Language Learning
专题四：代 词
一.人称代词、物主代词
人称 我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他（她、它）们
主格 I you he she it we you they
宾格 me you him her it us you them
形容词性物主代词 my your his her its our your their
名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
使用的be动词 am are is are
1.人称代词的用法
1）人称代词的主格在句中作主语
I love my country.我爱我的国家。
She is a good student.她是一位好学生。
2）人称代词的宾格在句中作动词，介词的宾语或表语。
I don’t know her. 我不认识她。
His mother is waiting for him outside.
2. 人称代词的语序
几个人称代词并列作主语时，它们的顺序是：
单数形式（二，三，一）you, he and I .
复数形式（一，二，三）we, you and they.
二．物主代词
1.物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
2.形容词性物主代词在句中作定语修饰名词，一般不单独使用。
His parents are both office workers.他的父母都是办公室职员。
My name is Jack.我的名字是杰克。
3.名词性物主代词常用来避免与前面已提及的名词重复。相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”
This is my dictionary. Where is yours? 这是我的词典。你的在哪里？
It’s over there---on the desk. 它在那边----在桌子上。
My idea is quite different from hers. 我的想法和她的非常不一样。
4.名词性物主代词可用在of后面作定语，相当于“of+名词所有格”，表示带有部分概念或有一定的感彩。
He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一位朋友。
三．反身代词
反身代词（表示自身） myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself ourselves, yourselves, themselves
1.具体用法：
The little boy was too young to look after himself.
I hope you can enjoy yourselves at the party.
这些孩子们自己制作了飞机模型。
请随便吃些鱼。
answers: These children made model planes by themselves.
Please help yourself / yourselves to some fish.
2.反身代词的常用词组
teach oneself 自学 learn by oneself 自学 enjoy oneself 过得愉快，玩得高兴
help oneself to 随便吃 come to oneself 苏醒 hurt oneself 受伤 by oneself 亲自
四．指示代词
指示代词： 指示说明近处或者远处、上文或者下文、以前或者现在的人或事物。
单数 复数 含义
this(这个) these(这些) 指较近的人和物
that(那个) those(那些) 指较远的人和物
such (这样的人/物) 指上文提过的人和物
same (同样的人/物) 指和上文提过的相同的人和物
it (这人/这物) 指不太清楚是谁或者是什么时
指示代词既可以单独使用做句子的主语、宾语或表语,也可以作定语修饰名词。
如：
What’s this?(这是什么？)
That model plane is made of plastic.(那只模型飞机是塑料做的)(被动句)
Remember never to do such things.(记得永远不要做这样的事情)
Do the same as the teacher tells you. (按老师说的做)
---Who is it?(是谁？)
---It’s me!(是我！)
?
五．疑问代词
疑问代词 主要用法 例句
who 主语、表语、宾语 Who are you talking to?
Who wants to go with me?
Whom Who的宾格形式，作宾语 Whom are you talking to?
To whom are you talking?
Whose Who的所有格形式，作主语、表语、宾语 Whose book is this?
What/who What询问某人的职业 ---What’s your father?
---He is a worker.
Who询问某人的身份、姓名 ---Who is the boy under the tree?
---He is Li Ming.
What/which What指不定数目中的“一个，一些；什么”，没有一定范围的限定 What would you like?
Which“哪一个”，在一定范围内特指的人或物 Which do you like, spring or summer?
六．复合不定代词
somebody (某人) anybody
(任何人) nobody
(没有人) everybody
(每人)
someone (某人) anyone
(任何人) no one
(没有人) everyone
(每人)
something (某事) anything
(任何事) nothing
(没有东西) everything
(每一件事)
Do you have anything special to tell me today?
今天你有什么特别的要告诉我吗？
Listen to me, boys and girls. I have something to tell you.
同学们，听我说，我有一些事情要告诉你们。
---Is there anything in the cup?
---No, there is nothing.
Attention:
1.当句子的主语是指人的复合不定代词，如everybody, nobody, anyone等时，其反意疑问句的主语通常用代词they；当句子的主语是指物的复合不定代词，如everything, anything, something, nothing等时，其反意疑问句的主语通常用代词it。
Everybody is here, aren’t they?
Everything is ready, isn’t it?
2.当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词something，everything，everyone等时，形容词或else必须放在复合不定代词的后面。
Xiao Ming, I have something important to tell you.
We need one more helper. Can you find anyone else?
3.everyone 的意思等同于everybody，只能指人；every one既可指人也可指物，还可以和of短语连用。
I would like everyone to be happy.
Everyone/Every one likes Mary.
I have kept every one of her letters.
七．代词it的用法
1.指代前面提到过的事物：This is not my book. It is Jim’s.
2.代替指示代词this或that.
---What’s this?
---It’s a pencil.
3.指婴儿或不明身份的人。
Someone is knocking at the door. Please go and see who it is.
4.表示时间或季节
---What’s the time now? ---It’s ten o’clock.
5.表示天气
---What’s the weather like today? ---It’s sunny.
6.表示距离 How far is it from your school to your home?
7.用作形式主语，常用于下列句型中：
（1）It’s +adj.+(for sb.)to do sth.
It is important for us to work hard.
（2）It’s time to do/for/that…..
It’s time to get up/for lunch.
（3）It seems that….看起来好像….
It seems that he is quite happy.
（4）It’s one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事
It’s your turn to sing.
（5）It’s +adj.+ that 从句
It’s necessary that you should be present at the meeting.
8.作形式主语
Do you think it necessary to learn to wait in line?
你认为学习排队是很重要的吗?
9.引导强调句型
It is/was +被强调部分+that/who/whom+其他成分
It was on that cold night that we saw an exciting film.
易错点清单
1.some 与any
Some和any均表示“一些”，既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词；some多用于肯定句中，any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。但在疑问句中，若要表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答或表达请求、建议时应用some。
There aren’t any students in the classroom.
---Would you like some coffee? ---Yes,please.
2.many 与much
many修饰可数名词复数，还可以与表示程度的副词so, too, as, how连用。much修饰不可数名词，也可以与表示程度的副词so, too, as, how连用。
There are too many mistakes in your exercises.你的练习题中有太多的错误。
He never eats so much breakfast.他从来不吃这么多早餐。
He has got too much work to do.他有太多的工作要做。
3.a few, few, a little和little
当句中有only, even, quite, just等词时，和a few, a little连用，而不能和few, little 连用。Only a few, only a little表示“只有一点”，quite a few表示“相当多”。
表示肯定（一点儿，几个） 表示否定（少） 后加名词
a little little +不可数名词
a few few +可数名词
4.either与neither
either 指两者中的一个，neither指两个人或物中的一个也不。常构成固定搭配either/neither of +名词（代词）的复数+谓语动词（第三人称单数）；
either…or…和neither…nor…,当连接两个主语时，谓语动词应与离它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
There are trees on either side of the street.街道两边都有树。
Either you or I am going to America.
Neither you nor he is wrong.
5.both与all
both表示“两者”都，常与and 连用；all指“三者或三者以上”都。
Both he and I are students.
All of us should go there.
6.each与every
each与every都表示“每一个”，each强调个别，当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Every强调整体情况，修饰名词时谓语动词也要用单数形式。另外，each可指两个或两个以上的人或事物，而every 只可指三个或三个以上的人或事物。
There are trees on each side of the road.在马路的每一旁都有树。
Every student passed the exam.
Each of us wears a yellow T-shirt.
7.none ,nothing与no one
none既可指人，也可指物，常指代上下文出现的东西。而nothing仅指事物，在指代上没作什么限制。no one 用来指人多强调个体，后面一般不接of短语。
There are many people over there. I know none of them.
She knew nothing about it.
---Did anyone come to see you? ---No one.
8.another,other(s),与the other(s)
another指三者或三者以上中的另一个，或在原来基础上增加一个。
the other则指两个中的另一个。The other, other后面可接名词，而the others与others后面不可再接名词。
the other(s)表示特定范围内除去一部分后剩余的全体。
other(s)则指除去一部分以后的另一些，但不是指剩下的全部。
（1）表示东西或两个人中“一个…另一个”意思时，用“one…the other…”
如图所示：
△ ▲
one the other
课桌上有两只笔，一支是莉莉的，另一只是露西的。

（2）表示不定数目中的“一个”与“另一个”，用one…..another…
△ ▲△△△△
one another
我不要这个，请拿另一个给我。

（3）强调确定数目中的“一个”与“其余的”，用one…the others….
△ ▲▲▲▲
one the others
五个学生中，一个将要回家，其余（四个）要去看电影。

（4）表示许多人或物中的“一部分”和“另一部分（并非全部）”，用some…..others….
△△△△….. ▲▲▲▲▲△△△△△
some others
星期日公园里有许多人，有的在散步，有的在爬山。

（5）表示许多人或物中的“一部分”“其余的全部”，用some….the others….
△△△△ ▲▲▲▲▲
some the others
七班的学生正在山上劳动，一些人在提水，一些人在挖坑，其余的在植树。

（6）表示“一个接一个地”，用one after another.
同学们一个接一个地来了。

9.it,one与that作代词时的区别
it指上文提到的同一对象是同一事物。
The book is mine. It’s very interesting.这本书是我的，它很有趣。
one泛指上下文提及的同灯事物中的一个，同类而不同物。
Who has a pen? 谁有钢笔？
I have one. 我有一支。
that常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复。
The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter.在冬天，北京的天气比广州的天气冷。
【小升初真题演练】
( ) 1.Give _________ some tomatoes，please．
A. Li Lei and I B. I and Li Lei
C. Li Lei and me D. me and Li Lei
( ) 2.--- Do you have a pen like this?
--- No. But I'm going to buy ___________.
A. one B. it C. this D. that
( ) 3.We bought Granny a present, ________ she didn't like________.
A. and, it B. but, it C. so, one D. but, one
( ) 4.The boy __________ blue is a friend of ____________.
A. of, my B. in, my C. of, mine D. in, mine
( ) 5. Is this ________kite? No，it's ________ .
A. her, his B. him, hers C. mine, his
( ) 6. ---Would you like _______ juice? ---Yes, please.
A. any B. some C. a D. an
用括号里所给词的正确形式填空。
7. All of ______________ (we) like new clothes
8. 改错题：
( ) Is it yours? No, it isn’t mine book. It’s his.
A B C
answers: 1~6 CABDAB 7. us 8. B, my
【课堂练习】
一、根据中文及句意填空。
1. __________(她的) cousin is going to give__________(她) a present.
2. __________(我们)are working with__________(我们的) teacher.
3. __________(他们的)classroom is more beautiful than__________(我们的).
4. _________(你的)trousers are shorter than__________(我的).
5. _________(谁的)clothes are these ? Are _________(他们) _________(你们的)?
6. Is this computer _________(你的) or _________(她的)?
7. Let_________(我们) go and see_________(我们的) teacher.
8. Could you show _________(我)_________(你的) new doll?
9. These dictionaries aren’t_________(我的). They’re_________(你的).
10. _________(她) does_________(她的) homework in the evening.
answers:
1. Her, her 2. We, our 3. Their, ours 4. Your, mine 5. Whose, they, yours
6. yours, hers 7. us, our 8. me, your 9. mine, yours 10. She, her
二、用some, any ,one(s)等适当的代词填空。
1. I have __________English storybooks.
2. There isn’t ____________ rice in the box.
3. ---Can I have ___________coffee, please? --Of course. Here you are.
4. Do you have __________women trousers?
5. The bed in this room is more comfortable than the ________in the next room.
answers: 1. some 2. any 3. some 4. any 5. one
三、用人称代词填空
1. This is my son. Please look after ________.
2. These are my books. I put ________ on the desk.
3. Tom, Tim and ______ (I) are good friends.
4. She stands in front of ______ (I).
5. You must find David and give these baseball cards to _________.
6. She is new, I don’t know _________.
7. Let ________ (I) help ________ (you).
8. We can’t see ________ (he), but he can see ________(we).
9. What’s Mike doing? He’s listening to _________ (she).
10. We are playing games with ___________ (they).
11. The girl is speaking to ___________ (he).
12. Let you and _______ (I) be good friends.
13. Those are my shoes. Please give _________ to ________ (I).
14. __________ (we) are all students.
answers:
1. him 2. them 3. I 4. me 5. him 6. her 7. me, you 8. him, us 9. her 10. them
11. him 12. me 13. them, me 14. We
四、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I )
2. The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she )
3. Is this _________ watch? (you) No, it’s not _________ . ( I )
4. _________ is my brother. _________ name is Jack.
Look! Those stamps are _________. ( he )
5. _________ dresses are red. (we) What colour are _________? ( you )
6. Here are many dolls, which one is _________ ? ( she )
7. I can find my toy, but where’s _________? ( you )
8. Show _________ your kite, OK? (they)
9. I have a beautiful cat. _________name is Mimi. These cakes are _________. ( it )
10. ---Are these _________ tickets?
---No, _________ are not _________. _________ aren’t here. ( they )
11. Can you dance for _________(we)?
12. Miss Brown teaches________(he)English.
answers:
1. my, mine 2. hers, her 3. your, mine 4. He, His, his 5. Our, yours 6. hers 7. yours
8. them 9. Its, its 10. their, they, theirs, Theirs 11. us 12. him
Homework:
温习本堂课所学知识；
词汇短语听写 ；
小升初模拟题练习：
一、语音。判断下列每组单词的画线部分各有几种读音。(每小题1 分，共5 分)
A、一种????????? B、两种?????????? C、三种?????????? D、四种
( ) 1、ready???? ?break?? ?? great???? ? sea??
( ) 2、watch??? ? school??? ? child??? ? chair
( ) 3、would??? ? count???? ?young??? ? touch?
( ) 4、pleasure??? sure??? study??? bananas
( ) 5、doctor???? ?forty?? ?? before???? ?world????
二、单项选择 (每小题1 分，共20 分)
1. There is going to be ____ birthday party ____ next week.
A. an, a B. the, a C. a, / D. an, the
2. The boy saw ____ in the sky.
A. something strange B. strange something
C. anything strange D. strange anything
3. Hurry up. There is ____time left.
A. little B. a few C. a little D. few
4. I feel hungry. ____ me something to eat, please.
A. Take B. Carry C. Bring D. Have
5. ---May I have _____ bread? ---No, you can’t have any bread.
A. the, B. some C. any D. a
6. ---I’m sorry I don’t know where the hospital is. Please ask the policeman over there.
---_______.
A. All right B. it doesn’t matter
C. Not at all D. Thanks all the same
7. Tell her ____ out of the window.
A. don’t to look B. don’t look C. not look D. not to look
8. Tian He Park is one of ____ parks in Guangzhou.
A. the most beautiful B. more beautiful C. beautiful D. most beautiful
9. The teacher is very tired ____ he is still working very hard.
A. but B. if C. only D. when
10. ____ girl she is!
A. What a good B. What good C. How good D. How a good
11. I must finish my homework first. Can I go there a little ____?
A. early B. earlier C. late D. later
12. It’s not far. It’s only ten ____ walk.
A. minute B. minute’s C. minutes’ D. minutes
13. I like the spring in Guangzhou, but my mother ____.
A. isn’t B. not like C. likes not D. doesn’t
14. Class begins. Please stop____.
A. talk B. talking C. to talk D. talks
15. I want you ____ together with me.
A. play B. will play C. to play D. playing
16. ---I was ill in bed yesterday. --- _____.
A. I’m glad to hear that B. Thanks a lot
C. I’m sorry to hear that D. Congratulations
17. Mike often ____ football ____ the weekend, but ___ hard on ___.
A. play; at; study; weekdays B. plays; at; studies; weekdays
C. plays; on; studies; weekend D. plaies; at; studys; weekday
18. I think English is a little ___ than Chinese.
A. more interesting B. interesting
C. much interesting D. most interesting
19. They came to China ____.
A. before two years B. two years ago
C. for about two years D. in an hour
20. Mike was born ____ the morning ____ November 16th, 2005.
A. in; of B. on; on C. in; on D. on; of
三、书面表达。（10%）
根据要求以My Favourite Season （我最喜欢的季节）为题写一篇小作文。
　　要求：1.条理清楚，意思连贯，字迹清楚。 2.不少于50个单词。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
answers:
一、1~5 CBCDC?
二、1~5 CAACB 6~10 DDAAA 11~15 DCDBC 16~20 CBABD
三、略
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