人教版(PEP)小升初英语语法讲义-第6讲：介词（含练习+答案）
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课题名称 小升初英语语法-第6讲：介 词
教学 目标 1. 常考介词in, on, at用法区别；
2. 常用介词及其词组的主要用法和意义； （重点）
3. 常用动词、形容词与介词、副词的固定搭配及其意义；（难点）
4. 易错点解析
Step 1 Homework Checking
课后练习讲评；
词汇听写：得分 _____________
知识点回顾：
选择情态动词填空（可重复使用）L=Librarian(图书管理员), S=Student
will can could must can’t should would mustn’t
L: Good afternoon, ________ I help you?
S: Yes, please. ________ I borrow an English-Chinese dictionary?
L: Yes, of course. Here they are. Which one ________ you like?
S: I’d like the blue one.
L: Here you are.
S: ________ I take it out of the library?
L: Sorry, you ________. You can only use it here.
(The librarian saw the student write in the library book.)
L: Oh, no, you ________ write in the library book.
S: I’m sorry. What ________ I do?
L: You ________ return the book now.
S: OK, I ________.
answers: can / could, Can / Could, would, Can / Could, mustn’t, mustn’t, should, must, will
Step 2 Warming-up
Spoken English Training
Lesson 1(b)
Ask me if that is their house.
Tell me .Yes, it is their house.
Ask me if it is a large house.
Tell me- Yes, it is large.
Now, ask me if that boy is my nephew.
Tell me – Yes, he is your nephew.
Ask me if he is a student.
Tell me –No, he is a doctor.
Ask me if he is rich.
Tell me –Yes, most doctors are rich.
Ask me if my nephew is a nice doctor.
Tell me – Yes, he is always kind and patient.
Step 3 Phonetic Symbols
英语国际标准音标练习
元音 (20个) 单元音12个 前 元 音(4个) [i:] [i] [e] [?]
后 元 音(5个) [ɑ:] [?:] [?] [u:] [u]
中 元 音(3个) [?] [?:] [?]
双元音8个 合口双元音(5个) [ei] [?u] [ai] [au] [?i]
集中双元音(3个) [i?] [u?] [??]
辅音 (28个) 清 辅 音(11个) [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ] [?] [t?] [tr] [ts] [h]
浊 辅 音(17个) [b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [?] [?] [d?] [dr] [dz] [l]
[m] [n] [?] [j] [w] [r]
请根据音标写单词。
/geim/ /g?u/ /rait/
/au?/ /hausw?k/ / nau/
/paund/ /t?i/ /b?s/
/k?t/ /w?:ld/ /ti: t? ?/
answers: game, go, right/ write, our / hour, housework, now
pound, toy, bus cut, world, teacher
Step 4 Language Learning
专题六：介 词
一. 概念
介词是英语中很活跃的词，一般置于名词之前。它常和名词或名词性词语构成介词短语。同一个介词常和不同的词语搭配形成固定搭配，表示不同意义。
二. 介词的用法
1. 表示时间的（at, on, in, before, after）
(1) ①at:用于表示时刻，时间的某一点。
at noon在午时 at night在夜间 at present目前
②on:用于星期几，某天，某一天的上午、下午、晚上(指具体的某一天时，一律用on)
on Sunday在星期天 on Sunday morning 在星期天的上午 on March 8 在3月8日
③in:用于表示周、月、季节、年、泛指上午、下午、晚上。
in 1999 在1999年 in November 在11月份
in summer 在夏季 in the afternoon在下午
用于“过……后”(未来时间)
I think he will be back in an hour .我想他一小时后就会回来。
I heard that she would be back in a month.我听说她一个月后回来的。
(2)before：在……之前
Wei Hua got up before 7 o’clock this morning .今天早晨，魏华在7点之前起床了。
(3)after：在……之后
After that ,no one should ever kill a seagull . 从那时起，任何人不得捕杀海鸥。
2. 表示地点（at, in, on, over, under, above, below, near, beside, by, between, among, around, in front of, in the front of, behind, in, into, out of, to, for, from等)
(1) ① at:在某地点(表示比较狭窄的场所)
at school上学 at home在家 at 320 Xinfu District 在新抚区320号
at the station 在火车站
②in:在某地(表示比较宽敞的场所)
She will arrive in Shanghai at ten .她将在10点到达上海。
(2)表示地点方向的on ,over, under, above, below.
①on:“在……上面”，强调两物体相接触。
on the table 在桌子上面
②over:“在……正上方”，强调在某人或某物正上方，反义词是under，“在……下面”，
“在……之内”。
Over these tombs ,they built pyramids .在这些坟墓上，他们建起了金字塔。
The twin sisters put the basket under the tree .这姐俩把篮子放到了树下。
③above 强调位置高于某人或某物，但不一定是正上方，反义词是below，“在……下面”。
Can you see the birds flying above the pear trees? 你能看见那片梨树上空飞翔的鸟吗？
The climbers stopped 300 meters below the top of the mountain.
登山队员们在离山顶300米处停了下来。
(3) near
near:近的，不远的(=not far)是far的反义词。
Green’s lake was a small lake near his home .格林湖是他家附近的一个小湖。
near还可以指时间。
in the near future在不远的将来。
(4) beside: 在……旁边
The boy is sitting beside his mother.
小男孩坐在他妈妈旁边。
(5) between , among, around
①between:在两者之间，常与and连用，表示“在……和……之间”。
The differences between American English and British English are not very great .
美国英语和英国英语之间的差别不是很大。
②among：三者或三者以上的同类事物之间，或笼统的一群人或一些物体之中，表示
“在……中间”，“在……之中”。
The young people lived and worked among the workers.
这些年轻人生活工作在工人之中。
③ around:环绕，在…..的周围，在……的四周
They arrived at a valley with high mountains all around it .
他们到达了四周有高山环绕的山谷。
(6) in front of , in the front of, behind
①in front of :“在……的前面”，指的是在某物体外部的前面，即两者是分开的。其反义词
是behind: “在…..后边”。
There is a car in front of the house .房子前面有一辆小汽车。
Are there any cows behind the house ?房子后面有一些牛吗？
②in the front of：“在……的前部”，指的是在某物体内部的前面，即两者是包容关系。其
反义词是at the back of。
He is sitting in the front of the car with the driver. 他和司机一块坐在车子前部。
(7) in ,into
①in:在…..之内，用于表示静止的位置
There are four girls in the room. 房间里有4个女孩。
②into:进入,用于表示有特定终点的运动方向，通常用于表示动作的动作之后。
如:come ,go ,walk ,jump ,run into….
She took me from the hall into my classroom .她把我从门厅带进我的教室里边。
(8) to ,from
①到达……地点(目的地)或方向
Where’s Jack? He has gone to London.杰克上哪了？他去伦敦了。
②from：从……地点起
How far is it from London to New York? 从伦敦到纽约有多远？
3. 表示手段和材料的介词用
(1) with
①带着，牵着…… (表动作特征)。如：
Run with the kite like this.
②附加、附带着……(表事物特征)。如：
A glass of apple juice, two glasses of coke, two hamburgers with potato chips, rice and fish.
③和…… (某人)一起。
a. 跟某人一起(居住、吃、喝、玩、交谈……) 。如：
Now I am in China with my parents. 现在我和父母住在中国。
Sometimes we go out to eat with our friends. 有时我们和朋友出去吃。
He / She's talking with a friend. 他/她正和一个朋友说话。
b. 跟go, come 连用，有 "加入"到某方的意思。如：
Do you want to come with me? 你想加入我一起来吗？
④与play一起构成短语动词play with 意为"玩耍……，玩弄……" 如：
Two boys are playing with their yo-yos. 两个男孩正在玩悠悠球。
与help 一起构成 help...with...句式，意为"帮助 (某人) 做 (某事)"。如：
On Monday and Wednesday, he helps his friends with their English.
他在星期一和星期三帮他的朋友们英语。
⑤表示面部神情，有"含着……，带着……" 如：
"I'm late for school," said Sun Yang, with tears in his eyes.
“我上学迟到了” 孙阳眼噙着泪水说。
⑥表示 "用……" 如：
You play it with your feet. 你用脚来玩它。
What do the farmers do with your machines? 这些农民们用你的机器做什么？
⑦表示 "对……， 关于……"。如：
What's wrong with it? 它咋了？
There's something wrong with my computer. 我的计算机出了点问题。
(2) in:表示用什么材料(例如：墨水，铅笔等)或用什么语言。表示衣着，声调特点时，不用with而用in。
What’s this in English. 这个用英语怎么说？
She is in a red dress. 她穿着一件红色的连衣裙。
He repeated in a loud voice. 他大声的重复。
(3) by:通过……方法，手段
What do you mean by the word “island”？ “island”是什么意思?
I prefer traveling by train .我更喜欢乘火车旅行。（“by+交通工具”，中间不用任何冠词）
其他
(1) from:来自(某地，某人)，以….起始 (be from= come from来自于)
She is a lady from Canada .她是一位加拿大的女士。
Linda comes from America. 琳达来自美国。
(2) about:
① 关于，各处，四周
Nightingale wrote a book about nursing .南丁格尔写了一部关于护理方面的书。
② 询问某人，某物的情况或提出建议
What about your family ? 你家里人怎么样？
(3) except, except for, besides
① except “除……之外”，指的是从整体中剔除一部分。并且排除的内容与主语往往是同
一类的。
All the buildings are excellent except this one.
除了这栋楼不好之外，所有的大楼都很好。
② except for “除……之外”,与except的区别在于它所排除的内容和主语往往不是同一类
的。
All the buildings are excellent except for their location.
除了地理位置外不好之外，所有大楼都很好。
③ besides “除……之外”。与except区别在于except表示的是从整体中剔除一部分，而
besides表示“另外附加”的含义，即“除了……之外，还有……”意，相当于in addition to。
We need three more persons to finish the job besides us two.
除了需要我们两人外，我们还需要再多三个人来完成这项工作。
(4) without: (表否定)没有，无，不需。如：
The letter was posted without a stamp. 那封信没贴邮票就寄出去了。
beyond: 表示位置“在（向）……的那边”，并引申表示范围、能力“超出……”、数量“多
于……”、时间“迟于……”；以及“除……之外”等意思。如：
The girl is beautiful beyond my description. 这个女孩漂亮得我无法形容。
(6) against
①表示“反对”“对着”“违反”“不利于”等。如：
We are all against his idea. 我们都反对他的想法。
②表示“靠着”“顶着”“迎着”“衬着”等。如：
He stood with his back against the door. 他背靠门站着。
三. 介词运用口诀记忆
口诀1:
年月周前要用in，日子前面却不行。遇到几号要用on，上午下午又是in。
要说某日上下午，用on换in才能行。午夜黄昏用at，黎明用它也不错。
at也在时分前，说“差”用to，说“过”要用past。
口诀2:
in在……里，out在……外，在旁边的是beside，靠近的为by 。
on在……上，under在……下，above在上头，below在底下。
口诀3:
this, that, tomorrow, yesterday, next, last, one, every接年、月、季、星期、周,介词省略已习惯。
over、under正上下，above、below则不然，
若与数量词连用，混合使用亦无关。
beyond超出、无、不能，against靠着，对与反。
besides，except分内外，among之内along沿。
同类比较except，加for异类记心间。
口诀4:：
小处at大处in
I'm in Liaoning, at Anshan. 我住在辽宁省鞍山市。
有形with无形by，语言 、单位、材料in
例：The workers are paving a road with stone.
工人们正用石子铺路。(有形)
The teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen.
这位教师正用一支新笔批改论文。(有形)
"Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy" is a good opera. <<智取威虎山>>是出好戏。(无形)
The product is separated by distillation into gasoline and gas oil.
这种产品是用蒸馏分离出气油和粗柴油。 (表示方式、手段、方法---无形)
I really can't express my idea in English freely ．
我不能用英语流利地表达我的思想。 (表示某种语言用in)
The kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system．
公里是米制中最长的长度单位。 (表示度、量、衡单位的用in )
This board was cast in bronze not in gold. 这个牌匾是铜铸的，不是金铸的。（材料用in）
【小升初真题演练】
( ) 1. We watch TV _______ every evening.
A. in B. on C. /
( ) 2. The woman looked _______ her son yesterday afternoon.
A. of B. by C. for
( ) 3. The boys like the idea, but the girls are _______ it.
A. against B. not like C. tallest
( ) 4. This new pencil is only _______ Jimmy.
???????? A. in? ? B. on? ? C. for? ? D. a
( ) 5. David _______ his father _______ playing football.
A. like, like B. likes, likes C. likes, like D. like, likes
( ) 6. ---Who are you _______, Andy? ---Mum.
A. wait B. waiting C. waiting for D. wait for
( ) 7. I’ll wait ______ you return.
A. to B. from C. for D. until
( ) 8. The beautiful city has only five people ______ the square mile.
A. for B. at C. to D. in
( ) 9. As we know, Japan is _______ the east of China.
A. on B. to C. in D. at
10. Plants can’t grow well w________ water and air.
answers: 1~5 CCACD 6~9 CDDB 10. without
【课堂练习】
精点精练
用适当的介词填空。
1. Tony is ________ Canada.
2. What is the name ________ the factory?
3. Betty is English. What ________ you?
4. Who’s the woman ________ the black dress?
5. Where do you come ________?
6. She looks ________ her father.
7. Do the students stay ________ home ________ Saturday?
8. My mother cut the cake ________ a knife .
9. The meeting ended ________ 6 p.m.
10. We’ll play football ________ class.
11. Go ________ this road, turn left ________ the first crossing.
12. Can you tell me the way ________ the zoo?
13. —where are you from?
—I am ________ Beijing.
14. Let’s count the numbers ________ one ________ fifty.
15. —Where shall we meet?
—We’ll meet ________ home.
answers:
1. from / in 2. of 3. about 4. in 5. from 6. like 7. at, on 8. with 9. at 10. after
11. along, at 12. to 13. from 14. from, to 15. at
模拟预测
A
( ) 1. Children get gifts ________ Christmas and ________ their birthdays.
A. on, on B. at, on C. in, in D. in, on
( ) 2. A lot of students in our school were born________ March, 1981.
A. in B. at C. on D. since
( ) 3. My grandfather was born ________ Oct. 10, 1935.
A. on B. in C. at D. of
( ) 4. Mike does his exercises ________ seven ________ the evening.
A. on; to B. at; in C. by; of D. at; on
( )5. Ben suddenly returned a rainy night.
A on B at C in D during
( )6. a cold winter morning, I met her in the street.
A In B On C At D For
( )7.It happened to be very cold the morning of our Sports meeting Day.
A at B on C with D of
( )8.Why did you get up so early this morning?
A on B / C at D in
( ) 9. The train is leaving ________ five minutes.
A. in B. at C. for D. still
B
( ) 1. He often goes ________ school ________ six thirty ________ the morning.
A. for, to, in B. to, at, in C. to, for, at D, for, at, to
( ) 2. He arrived ________ Shanghai ________ 9: 30 ________ March 5.
A. at, in, at B. to, on, at C. in, on, at D. in, at, on
( ) 3. The English teacher told me to get there ________ half past ten.
A. in B. at C. on D. of
( ) 4. The children get up ________ 6 o'clock.
A. at B. on C. during D. In
C
( ) 1. Uncle Wang arrived ________ No. 14 Middle School half an hour ago.
A. at B. in C. to D. /
( ) 2. Did your friend send you something ________ the end of the meeting?
A. at B. for C. on D. to
( ) 3. My uncle lives ________ 88 Beijing Street.
A. to B. of C. at D. on
( ) 4. They are waiting ________ a bus ________ the bus stop.
A. for, in B. on, at C. with, at D. for, at
D
( ) 1. ________ the help of the teacher, Tom made progress ________ his studies.
A. For，at B. Of，for C. By，on D. With，in
( ) 2. The children are interested ________ this subject.
A. to B. with C. in D. at
( ) 3. His mother often helps him _____ English so he does better _____ English than others.
A. with，in B. on，in C. in，with D. with，at
( ) 4.He drove ________ London.
A. / B. at C. to D. for
( ) 5 He wrote the letter ________ a pen.
A. with B. in C. by D. at
answers:
A部分 1~5 BAABA 6~9 BBBA B部分 1~4 BDBA
C部分 1~4 AACD D部分 1~5 DCACA
Homework:
温习本堂课所学知识；
词汇短语听写 ；
小升初模拟题练习:
一、阅读理解。（30%）
(A)
To save time, many Americans buy foods which can be quickly made ready for the table. On holidays, families enjoy delicious meals. For example, on Thanksgiving Day, the fourth Thursday in November, family members get together for a turkey dinner with pumpkin pie（南瓜派）.
The United States is known around the world for its fast food, such as hamburgers, sandwiches, pizzas, salad bars, and many kinds of ice cream. People can easily find fast food chains（连锁店）,such as McDonalds’ and KFC, in most of the big cities in the world.
These years, many people have taken more and more care of their health while eating. They come to know eating too much meat will make them overweight. Many of them are also worried about food addictives（添加剂）. Some of them may be harmful to the body.
( ) 1. Many Americans buy ________ to save time.
A. ready-made food?????????? ??????? B. food to cook at home
C. cheap food??????????? ??? ??? D. foreign food
( ) 2. Thanksgiving Day is on ________.
A. November 4th???????????? ??????? ? B. Every the 4th?Tuesday in November
C. the fourth Thursday in November? D. Every November the fourth
( ) 3. Pizza is a kind of ________ food.
A. take-away? ????? B. home-cooking ? C. fast??? ??????????? D. Chinese
( ) 4. What does the word ‘overweight’ mean? It means________.
A. thinner????? ?? B. fatter?????? ?? ? C. worse???? ?????? D. better
( ) 5. People are worried about________. Which is not true?
A. overweight? ??? B. their health?? ?? C. food addictives D. fast food
(B)
A man was travelling abroad in a small red car. One day he left the car and went shopping. When he came back, its roof was badly damaged. Some boys told him that an elephant had damaged it. The man did not believe them, but they took him to a circus which was near there. The owner of the elephant said, "I am very sorry! My elephant has a big, round, red chair. He thought that your car was his chair, and he sat on it!" Then he gave the man a letter, in which he said that he was sorry and that he would pay for all the damage. When the man got back to his own country, the customs officers (海关关员) would not believe his story. They said, "You sold your new car while you were abroad and bought this old one!" It was only when the man showed them the letter from the circus man that believed him.
( ) 6.A man was travelling abroad________.
A. in a big bus B. in a green jeep C. in a red car D. in a red taxi
( ) 7.The car was damaged because________.
A. there was a traffic accident B. the circus man broke it
C. it rushed into a shop D. the elephant sat on it
( ) 8.The circus man said that________.
A. he would pay for part of the damage B. he would pay for all of the damage
C. he wouldn't pay for the damage D. he would buy a new car
( ) 9. When the man got back to his country, the customs officers________.
A. would check his new car B. only checked his car
C. searched him D. wouldn't believe what he had said
( ) 10. It was only________ that made the officers believe him.
A. the letter from the circus man B. a newspaper from the country
C. the certificate (执照) of his D. the letter from the government
(C)
What do Americans like to do on vacation?
Discover (发现) something new take cooking, language or sailing lessons; go on an archaeological dig (考古发掘工作)
Enjoy nature (大自然) Go camping, hiking or fishing; relax at the beach
Take an exciting trip Visit a foreign country or travel through America by car or train
Stay at home do some reading; redecorate the house (put new paint or paper on the walls of a house)
( ) 11. If the Americans want to discover something new, they can take ________ lessons.
A. cooking B. language C. sailing D. A, B and C
( ) 12. They can travel through America ________.
A. by bus B. by car or train C. by bike D. by air
( ) 13. If they ________, they can do some reading on vacation.
A. stay at home B. want to enjoy nature
C. want to discover something new D. take an exciting trip
( ) 14. This passage is mainly (主要) about ________.
A. how Americans spend the vacations
B. how Americans discover something new
C. how Americans enjoy nature
D. how Americans take an exciting trip
( ) 15. Americans do the following things on vacation except (除了) ________.
A. taking sailing lessons B. going fishing or hiking
C. visiting a foreign country D. going to the library
二、书面表达。（10%）
根据中文提示和英文词语提示，写出意思连贯、符合逻辑的英文文段。50词左右
注意：所有英文提示语必须用上。
中文提示：
这位老人来自悉尼。他很热爱中国，他现在在北京教英语。他喜欢在北京工作。
英文提示：
1. come, Sydney 2. he, China 3. teach, Beijing
4. he, say, Beijing, big, beautiful, work, here
answers:
一、(A) 1~5 A C C B D (B) 6~10 C D B D A (C) 11~15 D B A A D
二、略
第 1 页 共 13 页
教学 目标 1. 常考介词in, on, at用法区别；
2. 常用介词及其词组的主要用法和意义； （重点）
3. 常用动词、形容词与介词、副词的固定搭配及其意义；（难点）
4. 易错点解析
Step 1 Homework Checking
课后练习讲评；
词汇听写：得分 _____________
知识点回顾：
选择情态动词填空（可重复使用）L=Librarian(图书管理员), S=Student
will can could must can’t should would mustn’t
L: Good afternoon, ________ I help you?
S: Yes, please. ________ I borrow an English-Chinese dictionary?
L: Yes, of course. Here they are. Which one ________ you like?
S: I’d like the blue one.
L: Here you are.
S: ________ I take it out of the library?
L: Sorry, you ________. You can only use it here.
(The librarian saw the student write in the library book.)
L: Oh, no, you ________ write in the library book.
S: I’m sorry. What ________ I do?
L: You ________ return the book now.
S: OK, I ________.
answers: can / could, Can / Could, would, Can / Could, mustn’t, mustn’t, should, must, will
Step 2 Warming-up
Spoken English Training
Lesson 1(b)
Ask me if that is their house.
Tell me .Yes, it is their house.
Ask me if it is a large house.
Tell me- Yes, it is large.
Now, ask me if that boy is my nephew.
Tell me – Yes, he is your nephew.
Ask me if he is a student.
Tell me –No, he is a doctor.
Ask me if he is rich.
Tell me –Yes, most doctors are rich.
Ask me if my nephew is a nice doctor.
Tell me – Yes, he is always kind and patient.
Step 3 Phonetic Symbols
英语国际标准音标练习
元音 (20个) 单元音12个 前 元 音(4个) [i:] [i] [e] [?]
后 元 音(5个) [ɑ:] [?:] [?] [u:] [u]
中 元 音(3个) [?] [?:] [?]
双元音8个 合口双元音(5个) [ei] [?u] [ai] [au] [?i]
集中双元音(3个) [i?] [u?] [??]
辅音 (28个) 清 辅 音(11个) [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ] [?] [t?] [tr] [ts] [h]
浊 辅 音(17个) [b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [?] [?] [d?] [dr] [dz] [l]
[m] [n] [?] [j] [w] [r]
请根据音标写单词。
/geim/ /g?u/ /rait/
/au?/ /hausw?k/ / nau/
/paund/ /t?i/ /b?s/
/k?t/ /w?:ld/ /ti: t? ?/
answers: game, go, right/ write, our / hour, housework, now
pound, toy, bus cut, world, teacher
Step 4 Language Learning
专题六：介 词
一. 概念
介词是英语中很活跃的词，一般置于名词之前。它常和名词或名词性词语构成介词短语。同一个介词常和不同的词语搭配形成固定搭配，表示不同意义。
二. 介词的用法
1. 表示时间的（at, on, in, before, after）
(1) ①at:用于表示时刻，时间的某一点。
at noon在午时 at night在夜间 at present目前
②on:用于星期几，某天，某一天的上午、下午、晚上(指具体的某一天时，一律用on)
on Sunday在星期天 on Sunday morning 在星期天的上午 on March 8 在3月8日
③in:用于表示周、月、季节、年、泛指上午、下午、晚上。
in 1999 在1999年 in November 在11月份
in summer 在夏季 in the afternoon在下午
用于“过……后”(未来时间)
I think he will be back in an hour .我想他一小时后就会回来。
I heard that she would be back in a month.我听说她一个月后回来的。
(2)before：在……之前
Wei Hua got up before 7 o’clock this morning .今天早晨，魏华在7点之前起床了。
(3)after：在……之后
After that ,no one should ever kill a seagull . 从那时起，任何人不得捕杀海鸥。
2. 表示地点（at, in, on, over, under, above, below, near, beside, by, between, among, around, in front of, in the front of, behind, in, into, out of, to, for, from等)
(1) ① at:在某地点(表示比较狭窄的场所)
at school上学 at home在家 at 320 Xinfu District 在新抚区320号
at the station 在火车站
②in:在某地(表示比较宽敞的场所)
She will arrive in Shanghai at ten .她将在10点到达上海。
(2)表示地点方向的on ,over, under, above, below.
①on:“在……上面”，强调两物体相接触。
on the table 在桌子上面
②over:“在……正上方”，强调在某人或某物正上方，反义词是under，“在……下面”，
“在……之内”。
Over these tombs ,they built pyramids .在这些坟墓上，他们建起了金字塔。
The twin sisters put the basket under the tree .这姐俩把篮子放到了树下。
③above 强调位置高于某人或某物，但不一定是正上方，反义词是below，“在……下面”。
Can you see the birds flying above the pear trees? 你能看见那片梨树上空飞翔的鸟吗？
The climbers stopped 300 meters below the top of the mountain.
登山队员们在离山顶300米处停了下来。
(3) near
near:近的，不远的(=not far)是far的反义词。
Green’s lake was a small lake near his home .格林湖是他家附近的一个小湖。
near还可以指时间。
in the near future在不远的将来。
(4) beside: 在……旁边
The boy is sitting beside his mother.
小男孩坐在他妈妈旁边。
(5) between , among, around
①between:在两者之间，常与and连用，表示“在……和……之间”。
The differences between American English and British English are not very great .
美国英语和英国英语之间的差别不是很大。
②among：三者或三者以上的同类事物之间，或笼统的一群人或一些物体之中，表示
“在……中间”，“在……之中”。
The young people lived and worked among the workers.
这些年轻人生活工作在工人之中。
③ around:环绕，在…..的周围，在……的四周
They arrived at a valley with high mountains all around it .
他们到达了四周有高山环绕的山谷。
(6) in front of , in the front of, behind
①in front of :“在……的前面”，指的是在某物体外部的前面，即两者是分开的。其反义词
是behind: “在…..后边”。
There is a car in front of the house .房子前面有一辆小汽车。
Are there any cows behind the house ?房子后面有一些牛吗？
②in the front of：“在……的前部”，指的是在某物体内部的前面，即两者是包容关系。其
反义词是at the back of。
He is sitting in the front of the car with the driver. 他和司机一块坐在车子前部。
(7) in ,into
①in:在…..之内，用于表示静止的位置
There are four girls in the room. 房间里有4个女孩。
②into:进入,用于表示有特定终点的运动方向，通常用于表示动作的动作之后。
如:come ,go ,walk ,jump ,run into….
She took me from the hall into my classroom .她把我从门厅带进我的教室里边。
(8) to ,from
①到达……地点(目的地)或方向
Where’s Jack? He has gone to London.杰克上哪了？他去伦敦了。
②from：从……地点起
How far is it from London to New York? 从伦敦到纽约有多远？
3. 表示手段和材料的介词用
(1) with
①带着，牵着…… (表动作特征)。如：
Run with the kite like this.
②附加、附带着……(表事物特征)。如：
A glass of apple juice, two glasses of coke, two hamburgers with potato chips, rice and fish.
③和…… (某人)一起。
a. 跟某人一起(居住、吃、喝、玩、交谈……) 。如：
Now I am in China with my parents. 现在我和父母住在中国。
Sometimes we go out to eat with our friends. 有时我们和朋友出去吃。
He / She's talking with a friend. 他/她正和一个朋友说话。
b. 跟go, come 连用，有 "加入"到某方的意思。如：
Do you want to come with me? 你想加入我一起来吗？
④与play一起构成短语动词play with 意为"玩耍……，玩弄……" 如：
Two boys are playing with their yo-yos. 两个男孩正在玩悠悠球。
与help 一起构成 help...with...句式，意为"帮助 (某人) 做 (某事)"。如：
On Monday and Wednesday, he helps his friends with their English.
他在星期一和星期三帮他的朋友们英语。
⑤表示面部神情，有"含着……，带着……" 如：
"I'm late for school," said Sun Yang, with tears in his eyes.
“我上学迟到了” 孙阳眼噙着泪水说。
⑥表示 "用……" 如：
You play it with your feet. 你用脚来玩它。
What do the farmers do with your machines? 这些农民们用你的机器做什么？
⑦表示 "对……， 关于……"。如：
What's wrong with it? 它咋了？
There's something wrong with my computer. 我的计算机出了点问题。
(2) in:表示用什么材料(例如：墨水，铅笔等)或用什么语言。表示衣着，声调特点时，不用with而用in。
What’s this in English. 这个用英语怎么说？
She is in a red dress. 她穿着一件红色的连衣裙。
He repeated in a loud voice. 他大声的重复。
(3) by:通过……方法，手段
What do you mean by the word “island”？ “island”是什么意思?
I prefer traveling by train .我更喜欢乘火车旅行。（“by+交通工具”，中间不用任何冠词）
其他
(1) from:来自(某地，某人)，以….起始 (be from= come from来自于)
She is a lady from Canada .她是一位加拿大的女士。
Linda comes from America. 琳达来自美国。
(2) about:
① 关于，各处，四周
Nightingale wrote a book about nursing .南丁格尔写了一部关于护理方面的书。
② 询问某人，某物的情况或提出建议
What about your family ? 你家里人怎么样？
(3) except, except for, besides
① except “除……之外”，指的是从整体中剔除一部分。并且排除的内容与主语往往是同
一类的。
All the buildings are excellent except this one.
除了这栋楼不好之外，所有的大楼都很好。
② except for “除……之外”,与except的区别在于它所排除的内容和主语往往不是同一类
的。
All the buildings are excellent except for their location.
除了地理位置外不好之外，所有大楼都很好。
③ besides “除……之外”。与except区别在于except表示的是从整体中剔除一部分，而
besides表示“另外附加”的含义，即“除了……之外，还有……”意，相当于in addition to。
We need three more persons to finish the job besides us two.
除了需要我们两人外，我们还需要再多三个人来完成这项工作。
(4) without: (表否定)没有，无，不需。如：
The letter was posted without a stamp. 那封信没贴邮票就寄出去了。
beyond: 表示位置“在（向）……的那边”，并引申表示范围、能力“超出……”、数量“多
于……”、时间“迟于……”；以及“除……之外”等意思。如：
The girl is beautiful beyond my description. 这个女孩漂亮得我无法形容。
(6) against
①表示“反对”“对着”“违反”“不利于”等。如：
We are all against his idea. 我们都反对他的想法。
②表示“靠着”“顶着”“迎着”“衬着”等。如：
He stood with his back against the door. 他背靠门站着。
三. 介词运用口诀记忆
口诀1:
年月周前要用in，日子前面却不行。遇到几号要用on，上午下午又是in。
要说某日上下午，用on换in才能行。午夜黄昏用at，黎明用它也不错。
at也在时分前，说“差”用to，说“过”要用past。
口诀2:
in在……里，out在……外，在旁边的是beside，靠近的为by 。
on在……上，under在……下，above在上头，below在底下。
口诀3:
this, that, tomorrow, yesterday, next, last, one, every接年、月、季、星期、周,介词省略已习惯。
over、under正上下，above、below则不然，
若与数量词连用，混合使用亦无关。
beyond超出、无、不能，against靠着，对与反。
besides，except分内外，among之内along沿。
同类比较except，加for异类记心间。
口诀4:：
小处at大处in
I'm in Liaoning, at Anshan. 我住在辽宁省鞍山市。
有形with无形by，语言 、单位、材料in
例：The workers are paving a road with stone.
工人们正用石子铺路。(有形)
The teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen.
这位教师正用一支新笔批改论文。(有形)
"Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy" is a good opera. <<智取威虎山>>是出好戏。(无形)
The product is separated by distillation into gasoline and gas oil.
这种产品是用蒸馏分离出气油和粗柴油。 (表示方式、手段、方法---无形)
I really can't express my idea in English freely ．
我不能用英语流利地表达我的思想。 (表示某种语言用in)
The kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system．
公里是米制中最长的长度单位。 (表示度、量、衡单位的用in )
This board was cast in bronze not in gold. 这个牌匾是铜铸的，不是金铸的。（材料用in）
【小升初真题演练】
( ) 1. We watch TV _______ every evening.
A. in B. on C. /
( ) 2. The woman looked _______ her son yesterday afternoon.
A. of B. by C. for
( ) 3. The boys like the idea, but the girls are _______ it.
A. against B. not like C. tallest
( ) 4. This new pencil is only _______ Jimmy.
???????? A. in? ? B. on? ? C. for? ? D. a
( ) 5. David _______ his father _______ playing football.
A. like, like B. likes, likes C. likes, like D. like, likes
( ) 6. ---Who are you _______, Andy? ---Mum.
A. wait B. waiting C. waiting for D. wait for
( ) 7. I’ll wait ______ you return.
A. to B. from C. for D. until
( ) 8. The beautiful city has only five people ______ the square mile.
A. for B. at C. to D. in
( ) 9. As we know, Japan is _______ the east of China.
A. on B. to C. in D. at
10. Plants can’t grow well w________ water and air.
answers: 1~5 CCACD 6~9 CDDB 10. without
【课堂练习】
精点精练
用适当的介词填空。
1. Tony is ________ Canada.
2. What is the name ________ the factory?
3. Betty is English. What ________ you?
4. Who’s the woman ________ the black dress?
5. Where do you come ________?
6. She looks ________ her father.
7. Do the students stay ________ home ________ Saturday?
8. My mother cut the cake ________ a knife .
9. The meeting ended ________ 6 p.m.
10. We’ll play football ________ class.
11. Go ________ this road, turn left ________ the first crossing.
12. Can you tell me the way ________ the zoo?
13. —where are you from?
—I am ________ Beijing.
14. Let’s count the numbers ________ one ________ fifty.
15. —Where shall we meet?
—We’ll meet ________ home.
answers:
1. from / in 2. of 3. about 4. in 5. from 6. like 7. at, on 8. with 9. at 10. after
11. along, at 12. to 13. from 14. from, to 15. at
模拟预测
A
( ) 1. Children get gifts ________ Christmas and ________ their birthdays.
A. on, on B. at, on C. in, in D. in, on
( ) 2. A lot of students in our school were born________ March, 1981.
A. in B. at C. on D. since
( ) 3. My grandfather was born ________ Oct. 10, 1935.
A. on B. in C. at D. of
( ) 4. Mike does his exercises ________ seven ________ the evening.
A. on; to B. at; in C. by; of D. at; on
( )5. Ben suddenly returned a rainy night.
A on B at C in D during
( )6. a cold winter morning, I met her in the street.
A In B On C At D For
( )7.It happened to be very cold the morning of our Sports meeting Day.
A at B on C with D of
( )8.Why did you get up so early this morning?
A on B / C at D in
( ) 9. The train is leaving ________ five minutes.
A. in B. at C. for D. still
B
( ) 1. He often goes ________ school ________ six thirty ________ the morning.
A. for, to, in B. to, at, in C. to, for, at D, for, at, to
( ) 2. He arrived ________ Shanghai ________ 9: 30 ________ March 5.
A. at, in, at B. to, on, at C. in, on, at D. in, at, on
( ) 3. The English teacher told me to get there ________ half past ten.
A. in B. at C. on D. of
( ) 4. The children get up ________ 6 o'clock.
A. at B. on C. during D. In
C
( ) 1. Uncle Wang arrived ________ No. 14 Middle School half an hour ago.
A. at B. in C. to D. /
( ) 2. Did your friend send you something ________ the end of the meeting?
A. at B. for C. on D. to
( ) 3. My uncle lives ________ 88 Beijing Street.
A. to B. of C. at D. on
( ) 4. They are waiting ________ a bus ________ the bus stop.
A. for, in B. on, at C. with, at D. for, at
D
( ) 1. ________ the help of the teacher, Tom made progress ________ his studies.
A. For，at B. Of，for C. By，on D. With，in
( ) 2. The children are interested ________ this subject.
A. to B. with C. in D. at
( ) 3. His mother often helps him _____ English so he does better _____ English than others.
A. with，in B. on，in C. in，with D. with，at
( ) 4.He drove ________ London.
A. / B. at C. to D. for
( ) 5 He wrote the letter ________ a pen.
A. with B. in C. by D. at
answers:
A部分 1~5 BAABA 6~9 BBBA B部分 1~4 BDBA
C部分 1~4 AACD D部分 1~5 DCACA
Homework:
温习本堂课所学知识；
词汇短语听写 ；
小升初模拟题练习:
一、阅读理解。（30%）
(A)
To save time, many Americans buy foods which can be quickly made ready for the table. On holidays, families enjoy delicious meals. For example, on Thanksgiving Day, the fourth Thursday in November, family members get together for a turkey dinner with pumpkin pie（南瓜派）.
The United States is known around the world for its fast food, such as hamburgers, sandwiches, pizzas, salad bars, and many kinds of ice cream. People can easily find fast food chains（连锁店）,such as McDonalds’ and KFC, in most of the big cities in the world.
These years, many people have taken more and more care of their health while eating. They come to know eating too much meat will make them overweight. Many of them are also worried about food addictives（添加剂）. Some of them may be harmful to the body.
( ) 1. Many Americans buy ________ to save time.
A. ready-made food?????????? ??????? B. food to cook at home
C. cheap food??????????? ??? ??? D. foreign food
( ) 2. Thanksgiving Day is on ________.
A. November 4th???????????? ??????? ? B. Every the 4th?Tuesday in November
C. the fourth Thursday in November? D. Every November the fourth
( ) 3. Pizza is a kind of ________ food.
A. take-away? ????? B. home-cooking ? C. fast??? ??????????? D. Chinese
( ) 4. What does the word ‘overweight’ mean? It means________.
A. thinner????? ?? B. fatter?????? ?? ? C. worse???? ?????? D. better
( ) 5. People are worried about________. Which is not true?
A. overweight? ??? B. their health?? ?? C. food addictives D. fast food
(B)
A man was travelling abroad in a small red car. One day he left the car and went shopping. When he came back, its roof was badly damaged. Some boys told him that an elephant had damaged it. The man did not believe them, but they took him to a circus which was near there. The owner of the elephant said, "I am very sorry! My elephant has a big, round, red chair. He thought that your car was his chair, and he sat on it!" Then he gave the man a letter, in which he said that he was sorry and that he would pay for all the damage. When the man got back to his own country, the customs officers (海关关员) would not believe his story. They said, "You sold your new car while you were abroad and bought this old one!" It was only when the man showed them the letter from the circus man that believed him.
( ) 6.A man was travelling abroad________.
A. in a big bus B. in a green jeep C. in a red car D. in a red taxi
( ) 7.The car was damaged because________.
A. there was a traffic accident B. the circus man broke it
C. it rushed into a shop D. the elephant sat on it
( ) 8.The circus man said that________.
A. he would pay for part of the damage B. he would pay for all of the damage
C. he wouldn't pay for the damage D. he would buy a new car
( ) 9. When the man got back to his country, the customs officers________.
A. would check his new car B. only checked his car
C. searched him D. wouldn't believe what he had said
( ) 10. It was only________ that made the officers believe him.
A. the letter from the circus man B. a newspaper from the country
C. the certificate (执照) of his D. the letter from the government
(C)
What do Americans like to do on vacation?
Discover (发现) something new take cooking, language or sailing lessons; go on an archaeological dig (考古发掘工作)
Enjoy nature (大自然) Go camping, hiking or fishing; relax at the beach
Take an exciting trip Visit a foreign country or travel through America by car or train
Stay at home do some reading; redecorate the house (put new paint or paper on the walls of a house)
( ) 11. If the Americans want to discover something new, they can take ________ lessons.
A. cooking B. language C. sailing D. A, B and C
( ) 12. They can travel through America ________.
A. by bus B. by car or train C. by bike D. by air
( ) 13. If they ________, they can do some reading on vacation.
A. stay at home B. want to enjoy nature
C. want to discover something new D. take an exciting trip
( ) 14. This passage is mainly (主要) about ________.
A. how Americans spend the vacations
B. how Americans discover something new
C. how Americans enjoy nature
D. how Americans take an exciting trip
( ) 15. Americans do the following things on vacation except (除了) ________.
A. taking sailing lessons B. going fishing or hiking
C. visiting a foreign country D. going to the library
二、书面表达。（10%）
根据中文提示和英文词语提示，写出意思连贯、符合逻辑的英文文段。50词左右
注意：所有英文提示语必须用上。
中文提示：
这位老人来自悉尼。他很热爱中国，他现在在北京教英语。他喜欢在北京工作。
英文提示：
1. come, Sydney 2. he, China 3. teach, Beijing
4. he, say, Beijing, big, beautiful, work, here
answers:
一、(A) 1~5 A C C B D (B) 6~10 C D B D A (C) 11~15 D B A A D
二、略
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