第二轮复习TechniquesUsed inMultiple Choice
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| 更新时间 | 2011-06-01 13:13:09 | ||
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(共53张PPT)
第二轮复习
Techniques
Used in
Multiple Choice
单项填空的命题特征
知识覆盖面广
语境地位突出
交际性原则明确
试题题干新颖
迷惑性较大
灵活性较高
单项填空的命题要点
情景交际 动词短语
句子结构
介词搭配
连词、代词
形容词、副词
情态动词
动词语态
动词时态
非谓语动词
分析句子结构
注重意群理解
单项填空的解题要素
一、分析句子结构
句子结构复杂，迷惑性大，稍有疏忽，便会受到干扰项的干扰。解题时必须首先认清主要句子成份。
复杂句子解读的一般规律是
找到主句及其谓语。
主句是复杂句中不带连接词的句子。
When Mrs. Green , who works in a big company, got to the office yesterday morning, she saw that her boss, Mr. Foss, was dead on the floor.
When Mrs. Green , who works in a big company, got to the office yesterday morning, she saw that her boss, Mr. Foss, was dead on the floor.
主语
谓语
宾语
状语
定语
She
saw
that her boss, Mr. Foss, was dead on the floor.
When Miss Green got to the office early yesterday morning
，who works in a big company，
The old English teacher who retired ten years ago will give us a talk on how to study English well when he is free next week.
主题（主语）The old English teacher
内容（谓语）will give us a talk
内容修正（状语）when he is free next week
词义限定1（定语）
who retired ten years ago —— The old English teacher
词义限定2（定语）
on how to study English well —— A talk
分析句子结构的一般规律是
1）找到主语确定信息主题
2）找到谓语确定信息内容
3）找到状语确定信息成立的条件
4）找到定语以确定某个名词的准确意义
解读复杂句子的一般规律是
解读句子的关键是找到主句的谓语，主句是复杂句中不带连接词的句子。
二、注重意群理解group meaning
意群在英语交际中表达一个词组、一个句子或一个段落的完整的意义。各个意群是一个有机的整体，在意义上不能把里面的单词分割开来。
各个意群是一个有机的整体，在意义上不能把它们分割开来。如：
1. Jenny is pleasant to _____. A. say B. speak C. talk D. talk to
2. Occasions are quite rare ______ I have the time to spend a day with my kids. A. Who B. which C. why D. when
√
√
3. -- Whom would you rather _____ with you, Mary or June -- ________. A. go, Neither B. have go, Either C. have gone, Either D. have to go, Both
√
分析句子结构
注重意群理解
Remember
解 题 策 略
把握语境信息
还原或化简句子
克服思维定势
克服母语干扰
注意标点符号和连词提示
Strategy One
把握语境
题干中不明确标示解题关键信息，而是比较巧妙地隐含在句子中，稍不注意就会错选。
不同的语境传达不同的信息，注意比较：
1. ①（原题） Has Sam finished his homework today －I have no idea. He ___ it this morning.
②（改编） － Has Sam finished his homework today －Yes. He ______ it this morning. A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done
C
A
2. ①（原题） -- Which of the three ways shall I take to the village -- ______way as you please.
②（改编） -- Which of the two ways shall I take to the village -- ______ way as you please. A. Each B. Every C. Any D. Either
D
C
解题诀窍
以语境为切入点，认真思考。不放过任何细节，把握住题干里所隐藏的信息、关键词。
Strategy Two
还原或化简句子
题干以省略句、疑问句 、被动句 、倒装句、强调句等形式，避开考生所熟悉的陈述句结构，从而加大难度。有时题干较长,加入了从句、插入语等修饰部分。
一、将疑问句改成陈述句
如：1. Whom would you rather have ___ with you A. to go B. go C. gone D. going
√
还原为：you would rather have whom ______ with you.
分析： 测试的知识点是使役动词have的宾语补足语用动词原形表示将要发生的动作。have sb. do sth.
二、改被动句为主动句
1. Time should be made good use of ___our lessons well. A. learning B. learned C. to learn D. learns
We should make good use of time ____ our lesson well.
√
2. Charles Babbage is generally considered ____ the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented.
People generally considered Charles Babbage ____the first computer.
√
三、强调句型还原成简单句式
1. It was _____ the old clock that the old man spent the whole morning at home． A. repair B. repairing C. to repair D. in repair
还原为：
The old man spent the whole morning ____ the old clock at home．
√
四、感叹句还原为陈述句
_______ what little Tom said to his mother sounded! A. what reasonable B. How a reasonable C. How reasonable D. What a reasonable
What little Tom said to his mother sounded ＿＿＿＿! 很容易发现sound之后应接形容词作表语。
√
五、固定短语还原
That was ____ we had in London 3 years ago! A. wonderful time B. a wonderful time C. wonderful D. wonderfully
可还原为：We had a wonderful time in London 3 years ago．可看出该复合句中有一固定搭配 had a wonderful time(玩得愉快)，定语从句中省略了关系代词that。
(that)
√
六、补充省略成分
1. -- What made you so happy -- _______. A. Because of my passing the exam. B. I passed the exam. C. Because I passed the exam. D. My passing the exam.
√
(made me so happy)
2. If the weather is fine, we'll go. If _____, _____. A. not, not B. no, no C. not, no D. no, not
If the weather is NOT fine, we will NOT go.
If you study hard, you'll succeed.
If not, not.
√
七、去掉插入语、分词结构、从句等
1. He believes in himself，______, in my opinion, is of the most importance． A. that B. which C. what D. As
2. The writer，whom I often refer to at the meetings, _____ famous for those works． A. is B. are C. am D. were
√
√
解题决窍
将不熟悉的疑问句，倒装句，被动句，强调句等还原为熟悉的陈述句；也可将残缺的部分补出或将插入语等多余的部分删除。
Strategy Three
克服思维定势
利用思维定势的影响设计的题目是最容易让我们上当的题目。因为我们背记了许多语法规则，词汇，词的固定搭配和句子结构等，做题时只注意这些熟悉的语法规则，结构和局部固定搭配，往往在没有完全弄清整个题干意思是就作出了选择，结果当然出错。
[解析]容易误认为是考查spend some time (in) doing sth结构而选A，忽视了waiting for…这一部分。正确答案应是D。 locked in your room在句子里作方式状语, “(我) 被锁在你的房间里等侯”。
1. I will spend a whole evening _____ in your room waiting for the thief to arrive. A. locking B. in locking C. being locked D. locked
√
2. The country life he was used to ____ greatly since 1992. (2005山东卷) A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed
[解析]易受sb be used to doing的影响而误选C。根据句意和结构可知, he was used to为定语从句，修饰先行词the country life。此空格应填谓语动词。
√
解题决窍
正确分析句子结构，正确理解意群，避免定势思维。在学习过程中，尤其是复习阶段，我们应就一些常见的、重要的词、词组及句型加以反复训练，以加深印象，以避免思维定势的干扰。
Strategy Four
克服母语干扰
英汉在表达习惯，思维方式等方面具有很多不同，出题者常利用汉英差异出题。
注意：英汉在表达习惯，思维方式等方面具有很多不同，出题者常利用汉英差异出题。
1. -- It’s getting late. I’m afraid I must be going now. --- OK. _________ A. Take it easy. B. Go slowly. C. Stay longer. D. See you.
√
2. --I am afraid I can't return the book to
you before Friday. -- _____. A. Don't afraid B. Be careful C. Not at all D. Take your time
√
3. “如果你方便的话”说成英语是 if you are convenient吗
√
I'll come to see you if _____.
A. you're convenient
B. it is convenient for you
C. you feel convenient
D. it is convenient with you
4. “交通拥挤”的英语是crowded traffic吗
He wants to move house, because he hates the _____ here. A. crowded traffic B. crowded traffics C. busy traffic D. busy traffics
√
解题诀窍
留心英汉表达差异，平时要多读﹑多比较﹑多归纳，用英语思维，避免Chinglish。
Strategy Five
标点符号，连词
标点符号或连词往往决定句子后半部分的句子成份。
1. Tom has many friends, ___ can help him. A. few of which B. few of whom C. few of that D. few of them
Tom has many friends; ___ can help him. A. few of which B. few of whom C. few of that D. few of them
√
√
2. I met several people there, two of _____ were foreigners. A. whom B. them C. who D. which
I met several people there, two of _____ being foreigners. A. whom B. them C. who D. which
√
√
3. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a Number of factors, _____ are beyond our control. (08湖南) A . most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that
√
4. Please do me a favour -- ____ my friend Mr. Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30 tonight.（2010湖南） A. to invite B. inviting C. invite D. invited
√
解题诀窍
借助标点符号或连词，正确分析句子结构。它们往往决定句子后半部分是完整的句子还是句子成份，从而判断所填答案是连词还是代词，是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。
单项填空的解题要素
分析句子结构
注重意群理解
把握语境信息
还原或化简句子
克服思维定势
克服母语干扰
注意标点符号和连词提示
解 题 策 略
HOMEWORK
小题训练卷（四）
第二轮复习
Techniques
Used in
Multiple Choice
单项填空的命题特征
知识覆盖面广
语境地位突出
交际性原则明确
试题题干新颖
迷惑性较大
灵活性较高
单项填空的命题要点
情景交际 动词短语
句子结构
介词搭配
连词、代词
形容词、副词
情态动词
动词语态
动词时态
非谓语动词
分析句子结构
注重意群理解
单项填空的解题要素
一、分析句子结构
句子结构复杂，迷惑性大，稍有疏忽，便会受到干扰项的干扰。解题时必须首先认清主要句子成份。
复杂句子解读的一般规律是
找到主句及其谓语。
主句是复杂句中不带连接词的句子。
When Mrs. Green , who works in a big company, got to the office yesterday morning, she saw that her boss, Mr. Foss, was dead on the floor.
When Mrs. Green , who works in a big company, got to the office yesterday morning, she saw that her boss, Mr. Foss, was dead on the floor.
主语
谓语
宾语
状语
定语
She
saw
that her boss, Mr. Foss, was dead on the floor.
When Miss Green got to the office early yesterday morning
，who works in a big company，
The old English teacher who retired ten years ago will give us a talk on how to study English well when he is free next week.
主题（主语）The old English teacher
内容（谓语）will give us a talk
内容修正（状语）when he is free next week
词义限定1（定语）
who retired ten years ago —— The old English teacher
词义限定2（定语）
on how to study English well —— A talk
分析句子结构的一般规律是
1）找到主语确定信息主题
2）找到谓语确定信息内容
3）找到状语确定信息成立的条件
4）找到定语以确定某个名词的准确意义
解读复杂句子的一般规律是
解读句子的关键是找到主句的谓语，主句是复杂句中不带连接词的句子。
二、注重意群理解group meaning
意群在英语交际中表达一个词组、一个句子或一个段落的完整的意义。各个意群是一个有机的整体，在意义上不能把里面的单词分割开来。
各个意群是一个有机的整体，在意义上不能把它们分割开来。如：
1. Jenny is pleasant to _____. A. say B. speak C. talk D. talk to
2. Occasions are quite rare ______ I have the time to spend a day with my kids. A. Who B. which C. why D. when
√
√
3. -- Whom would you rather _____ with you, Mary or June -- ________. A. go, Neither B. have go, Either C. have gone, Either D. have to go, Both
√
分析句子结构
注重意群理解
Remember
解 题 策 略
把握语境信息
还原或化简句子
克服思维定势
克服母语干扰
注意标点符号和连词提示
Strategy One
把握语境
题干中不明确标示解题关键信息，而是比较巧妙地隐含在句子中，稍不注意就会错选。
不同的语境传达不同的信息，注意比较：
1. ①（原题） Has Sam finished his homework today －I have no idea. He ___ it this morning.
②（改编） － Has Sam finished his homework today －Yes. He ______ it this morning. A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done
C
A
2. ①（原题） -- Which of the three ways shall I take to the village -- ______way as you please.
②（改编） -- Which of the two ways shall I take to the village -- ______ way as you please. A. Each B. Every C. Any D. Either
D
C
解题诀窍
以语境为切入点，认真思考。不放过任何细节，把握住题干里所隐藏的信息、关键词。
Strategy Two
还原或化简句子
题干以省略句、疑问句 、被动句 、倒装句、强调句等形式，避开考生所熟悉的陈述句结构，从而加大难度。有时题干较长,加入了从句、插入语等修饰部分。
一、将疑问句改成陈述句
如：1. Whom would you rather have ___ with you A. to go B. go C. gone D. going
√
还原为：you would rather have whom ______ with you.
分析： 测试的知识点是使役动词have的宾语补足语用动词原形表示将要发生的动作。have sb. do sth.
二、改被动句为主动句
1. Time should be made good use of ___our lessons well. A. learning B. learned C. to learn D. learns
We should make good use of time ____ our lesson well.
√
2. Charles Babbage is generally considered ____ the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented.
People generally considered Charles Babbage ____the first computer.
√
三、强调句型还原成简单句式
1. It was _____ the old clock that the old man spent the whole morning at home． A. repair B. repairing C. to repair D. in repair
还原为：
The old man spent the whole morning ____ the old clock at home．
√
四、感叹句还原为陈述句
_______ what little Tom said to his mother sounded! A. what reasonable B. How a reasonable C. How reasonable D. What a reasonable
What little Tom said to his mother sounded ＿＿＿＿! 很容易发现sound之后应接形容词作表语。
√
五、固定短语还原
That was ____ we had in London 3 years ago! A. wonderful time B. a wonderful time C. wonderful D. wonderfully
可还原为：We had a wonderful time in London 3 years ago．可看出该复合句中有一固定搭配 had a wonderful time(玩得愉快)，定语从句中省略了关系代词that。
(that)
√
六、补充省略成分
1. -- What made you so happy -- _______. A. Because of my passing the exam. B. I passed the exam. C. Because I passed the exam. D. My passing the exam.
√
(made me so happy)
2. If the weather is fine, we'll go. If _____, _____. A. not, not B. no, no C. not, no D. no, not
If the weather is NOT fine, we will NOT go.
If you study hard, you'll succeed.
If not, not.
√
七、去掉插入语、分词结构、从句等
1. He believes in himself，______, in my opinion, is of the most importance． A. that B. which C. what D. As
2. The writer，whom I often refer to at the meetings, _____ famous for those works． A. is B. are C. am D. were
√
√
解题决窍
将不熟悉的疑问句，倒装句，被动句，强调句等还原为熟悉的陈述句；也可将残缺的部分补出或将插入语等多余的部分删除。
Strategy Three
克服思维定势
利用思维定势的影响设计的题目是最容易让我们上当的题目。因为我们背记了许多语法规则，词汇，词的固定搭配和句子结构等，做题时只注意这些熟悉的语法规则，结构和局部固定搭配，往往在没有完全弄清整个题干意思是就作出了选择，结果当然出错。
[解析]容易误认为是考查spend some time (in) doing sth结构而选A，忽视了waiting for…这一部分。正确答案应是D。 locked in your room在句子里作方式状语, “(我) 被锁在你的房间里等侯”。
1. I will spend a whole evening _____ in your room waiting for the thief to arrive. A. locking B. in locking C. being locked D. locked
√
2. The country life he was used to ____ greatly since 1992. (2005山东卷) A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed
[解析]易受sb be used to doing的影响而误选C。根据句意和结构可知, he was used to为定语从句，修饰先行词the country life。此空格应填谓语动词。
√
解题决窍
正确分析句子结构，正确理解意群，避免定势思维。在学习过程中，尤其是复习阶段，我们应就一些常见的、重要的词、词组及句型加以反复训练，以加深印象，以避免思维定势的干扰。
Strategy Four
克服母语干扰
英汉在表达习惯，思维方式等方面具有很多不同，出题者常利用汉英差异出题。
注意：英汉在表达习惯，思维方式等方面具有很多不同，出题者常利用汉英差异出题。
1. -- It’s getting late. I’m afraid I must be going now. --- OK. _________ A. Take it easy. B. Go slowly. C. Stay longer. D. See you.
√
2. --I am afraid I can't return the book to
you before Friday. -- _____. A. Don't afraid B. Be careful C. Not at all D. Take your time
√
3. “如果你方便的话”说成英语是 if you are convenient吗
√
I'll come to see you if _____.
A. you're convenient
B. it is convenient for you
C. you feel convenient
D. it is convenient with you
4. “交通拥挤”的英语是crowded traffic吗
He wants to move house, because he hates the _____ here. A. crowded traffic B. crowded traffics C. busy traffic D. busy traffics
√
解题诀窍
留心英汉表达差异，平时要多读﹑多比较﹑多归纳，用英语思维，避免Chinglish。
Strategy Five
标点符号，连词
标点符号或连词往往决定句子后半部分的句子成份。
1. Tom has many friends, ___ can help him. A. few of which B. few of whom C. few of that D. few of them
Tom has many friends; ___ can help him. A. few of which B. few of whom C. few of that D. few of them
√
√
2. I met several people there, two of _____ were foreigners. A. whom B. them C. who D. which
I met several people there, two of _____ being foreigners. A. whom B. them C. who D. which
√
√
3. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a Number of factors, _____ are beyond our control. (08湖南) A . most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that
√
4. Please do me a favour -- ____ my friend Mr. Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30 tonight.（2010湖南） A. to invite B. inviting C. invite D. invited
√
解题诀窍
借助标点符号或连词，正确分析句子结构。它们往往决定句子后半部分是完整的句子还是句子成份，从而判断所填答案是连词还是代词，是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。
单项填空的解题要素
分析句子结构
注重意群理解
把握语境信息
还原或化简句子
克服思维定势
克服母语干扰
注意标点符号和连词提示
解 题 策 略
HOMEWORK
小题训练卷（四）