2021届人教版新课标高三英语一轮复习语法讲解 句子成分课件（32张PPT）

(共32张PPT)
句子成分
高三英语一轮复习
一、句子成分的含义及分类
1.含义：句子由各个组成部分构成，这些组成部分叫作句子成分。
2.分类：句子成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语和同位语等。
二、主语
1.概念
主语是句子的主体，用于说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者，除倒装句外，一般位于句子的开头。
2.主语的成分：主语通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当，一般用双横线“=”标出。
①[2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达]You
can
watch
them
in
your
spare
time.(代词作主语)
②[2019·北京卷书面表达]Transportation
matters
so
much
while
traveling.(名词作主语)
?③[2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达]To
bring
a
small
gift
is
a
good
idea.＝It
is
a
good
idea
to
bring
a
small
gift.(动词不定式作主语)
④[2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达]To
start
with,
what
I
intend
to
stress
is
that
we
are
about
to
start
our
next
lesson
in
Classroom
8
of
the
Teaching
Building
at
10
a．m.
next
Friday.(从句作主语)
⑤Forming
a
good
habit
in
our
daily
life
is
of
great
benefit
to
us.(动名词短语作主语)
即练：用双横线“====　　”标出下列句子的主语。
①[2019·江苏卷书面表达]What's
more,
the
traditional
Chinese
dress
can't
reflect
the
unique
culture
of
our
school.
②[2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达]I'm
pleased
to
know
your
Chinese
friend
has
invited
you
to
dinner.
③[2016·高考四川卷书面表达]Different
people
like
different
seasons;
my
favourite
season
is
spring.
④[江西卷书面表达]To
get
along
well
with
others
is
the
second
thing
you
should
learn.
⑤[2015·高考天津卷书面表达]What
I
am
going
to
tell
you
is
about
donating
books
from
our
school
to
your
Chinese
class.
答案
①What's
more,
the
traditional
Chinese
dress
can't
reflect
the
unique
culture
of
our
school.
②I'm
pleased
to
know
your
Chinese
friend
has
invited
you
to
dinner.
③Different
people
like
different
seasons;
my
favourite
season
is
spring.
④To
get
along
well
with
others
is
the
second
thing
you
should
learn.
⑤What
I
am
going
to
tell
you
is
about
donating
books
from
our
school
to
your
Chinese
class.
三、谓语
1.概念：
谓语是用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或特征的词，一般用单横线“____”标出。
2.作谓语的动词：
(1)实义动词(短语)可以单独作谓语，有时态、人称和数的变化
(2)系动词不能单独作谓语，系表结构才可以作谓语
(3)助动词和情态动词也不能单独作谓语，“助动词/情态动词＋实义动词”可以作谓语
①[2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达]I
can
give
a
brief
introduction
of
these
masterpieces
from
the
perspective
of
a
native
speaker
of
China.
(“情态动词＋实义动词”作谓语)
②[2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达]I
have
good
news
to
tell
you
that
a
music
festival
will
be
held
in
our
school
hall
on
June
5
at
2：00
pm.
(实义动词作谓语)
③[2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达]I
am
good
at
English
and
familiar
with
Chinese
paintings.
(系表结构作谓语)
即练：用单横线“____”标出下列句子的谓语。
①Half
an
hour
later,
I
managed
to
find
the
correct
answer.
②When
he
got
up
at
7：00
a．m.,
a
big
plan
occurred
to
him.
③The
watch
is
necessary
in
our
daily
life,
but
its
function
is
too
simple
and
dull.
④We
may
have
different
opinions
in
organizing
class
activities.
⑤[2018·高考浙江卷书面表达]What's
more,
I
have
some
experience
in
accompanying
foreign
friends.
答案
①Half
an
hour
later,
I
managed
to
find
the
correct
answer.
②When
he
got
up
at
7：00
am,
a
big
plan
occurred
to
him.
③The
watch
is
necessary
in
our
daily
life,
but
its
function
is
too
simple
and
dull.
④We
may
have
different
opinions
in
organizing
class
activities.
⑤What's
more,
I
have
some
experience
in
accompanying
foreign
friends.
四、宾语
1.概念
宾语是动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词的后面。
2.作宾语的词
可以用作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和从句等，一般用波浪线“﹏”标出。
①[2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达]So
I
am
writing
this
letter
asking
to
be
a
volunteer.(名词作宾语)
②[2019·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达]I'm
glad
to
tell
you
that
a
Chinese
classical
music
concert
will
be
held
in
the
music
hall
of
our
school
on
November
8th.
(从句作宾语)
③[2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达]Don't
forget
to
praise
your
friend
for
the
delicious
foods
he
offers.(不定式作宾语)
用波浪线“﹏”标出下列句子的宾语。
①I've
already
written
the
application
letter
and
personal
resume.
②Suddenly
he
thought
of
seeing
the
beautiful
views
of
the
city
again
before
setting
out.
③I'm
sorry
to
hear
that
you
are
going
to
return
to
your
country
very
soon.
④I
plan
to
go
for
an
outing，and
I
would
like
to
invite
you
to
participate.
答案
①I've
already
written
the
application
letter
and
personal
resume.
②Suddenly
he
thought
of
seeing
the
beautiful
views
of
the
city
again
before
setting
out.
③I'm
sorry
to
hear
that
you
are
going
to
return
to
your
country
very
soon.
④I
plan
to
go
for
an
outing，and
I
would
like
to
invite
you
to
participate.
五、表语
1.表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语(系表结构)，用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。
2.可以用作表语的有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、分词和从句等，一般用虚线“﹍”标出。
①My
name
is
Li
Hua.(名词作表语)
②My
aim
is
to
let
China
go
to
the
world
and
let
the
world
understand
China.(不定式作表语)
③That's
why
I
think
the
trip
along
the
Yangtze
will
be
a
better
choice.(从句作表语)
④We
are
confident
that
we
can
win
this
competition.
(形容词作表语)
用虚线“﹍”标出下列句子的表语。
①[2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达]It
is
a
Chinese
folk
art
with
a
long
history.
②[2017·高考浙江卷书面表达]At
eight
on
the
morning
of
October
1,
we
are
to
gather
at
the
school
gate.
③[2016·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达]The
theme
of
the
show
is
environmental
protection.
④The
most
important
thing
is
to
learn
to
control
your
temper
so
that
you
may
not
do
or
say
anything
you'll
regret.
答案
①It
is
a
Chinese
folk
art
with
a
long
history.
②At
eight
on
the
morning
of
October
1,
we
are
to
gather
at
the
school
gate.
③The
theme
of
the
show
is
environmental
protection.
④The
most
important
thing
is
to
learn
to
control
your
temper
so
that
you
may
not
do
or
say
anything
you'll
regret.
六、定语
1.定语是用来描述名词的品质与特征的修饰语，它常和名词构成名词短语。单个词作定语时常放在被修饰词之前，而短语和从句作定语时往往放在被修饰词之后。
2.以用作定语的有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、分词和从句等，加红标出。
①I'm
sure
it
is
a
good
chance
to
perform
your
favorite
music.
(形容词作定语)
②The
exhibition
will
be
held
in
the
City
Museum
located
in
the
north
of
our
city.(分词作定语)
③I'm
a
Chinese
student
who
is
taking
a
summer
course
in
London
now.
(从句作定语)
用加红标出下列句子的定语。
①[2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达]I'm
deeply
convinced
that
I
can
be
a
devoted
volunteer.
②[2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达]I'm
writing
to
tell
you
something
about
the
upcoming
volleyball
tournament,
which
is
scheduled
to
be
held
in
the
new
stadium
next
month.
③[2019·北京卷书面表达]As
for
clothes,
sun?protective
coats
and
hats
would
be
necessary.
④All
the
books
offered
by
the
students
are
reported
to
have
been
sent
to
the
children
in
the
countryside
the
other
day.
答案
①I'm
deeply
convinced
that
I
can
be
a
devoted
volunteer.
②I'm
writing
to
tell
you
something
about
the
upcoming
volleyball
tournament,
which
is
scheduled
to
be
held
in
the
new
stadium
next
month.
③As
for
clothes,
sun?protective
coats
and
hats
would
be
necessary.
④All
the
books
offered
by
the
students
are
reported
to
have
been
sent
to
the
children
in
the
countryside
the
other
day.
七、状语
1.状语——动词、形容词、副词或句子的修饰语
状语是用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的一种成分。
2.可以用作状语的有：副词、名词、数词、形容词、介词、短语、不定式、分词、独立主格和从句等，一般用加蓝标出。
①[2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达]Having
known
that
a
traditional
Chinese
painting
exhibition
will
be
held
at
the
gallery
in
London
during
the
summer
holiday,
I'm
extremely
excited.(分词短语做状语)
②[2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达]To
get
a
good
seat
for
seeing
a
film,
you'd
better
arrive
a
bit
earlier.(不定式短语作状语)
③[2019·北京卷书面表达]If
you
want
a
deep
experience
in
the
city,
shared
bikes
would
be
the
best
choice.(从句作状语)
④[2019·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达]Looking
forward
to
seeing
you
soon.
(副词作状语)
用加蓝标出下列句子的状语。
①After
a
week's
trip,
he
returned
home，tired
but
very
happy.
②[高考北京卷书面表达]To
solve
this
problem,
my
classmates
and
I
discussed
it
and
came
up
with
a
suggestion
and
later
reported
to
the
headmaster.
③[2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达]So,
please
come
to
our
school
gym
at
6：00
pm
and
we
train
together.
④[2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达]Visiting
this
exhibition,
we
will
not
only
enjoy
the
folk
art
works,
but
also
learn
a
lot.
答案
①After
a
week's
trip,
he
returned
home，tired
but
very
happy.
②To
solve
this
problem,
my
classmates
and
I
discussed
it
and
came
up
with
a
suggestion
and
later
reported
to
the
headmaster.
③So,
please
come
to
our
school
gym
at
6：00
pm
and
we
train
together.
④Visiting
this
exhibition,
we
will
not
only
enjoy
the
folk
art
works,
but
also
learn
a
lot.
八、补足语
1.补足语是用来说明宾语或主语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分。
(1)补充说明主语意义的句子成分叫作主语补足语；
(2)补充说明宾语意义的句子成分叫作宾语补足语。
2.可以用作补足语的有：形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、分词和从句等。
①The
president
appointed
John
Manager
of
Marketing.(名词作宾补)
总裁任命约翰为营销部经理。
②We'll
try
our
best
to
make
our
country
more
and
more
beautiful.(形容词作宾补)
标出下列句子的补足语。
①Popular
science
books
can
help
us
students
to
become
more
interested
in
science
and
nature.
②To
learn
English
well,
we
should
find
opportunities
to
hear
English
spoken
as
much
as
possible.
③[2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达]I
hope
the
change
will
not
cause
you
too
much
trouble.
答案
①Popular
science
books
can
help
us
students
to
become
more
interested
in
science
and
nature.
②To
learn
English
well,
we
should
find
opportunities
to
hear
English
spoken
as
much
as
possible.
③I
hope
the
change
will
not
cause
you
too
much
trouble.
九、同位语
1.对句子中的名词或代词做进一步解释、说明，与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫作同位语。
2.可以用作同位语的有：名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。
①[2019·天津卷书面表达]I'm
Li
Jin,
a
student
at
Chenguang
High
School.(名词短语作同位语)
②[2017·高考天津卷书面表达]There
is
no
doubt
that
I
will
improve
its
reputation
through
my
efforts.(从句作同位语)
③Personally,
I
prefer
the
tour
along
the
Yangtze,
the
longest
river
and
one
of
the
mother
rivers
of
Chinese
civilization.(名词作同位语)
标出下列句子的同位语。
①They
three
want
to
travel
around
the
world
together
on
foot.
②We
are
going
to
the
local
nursing
home
for
the
coming
Double
Ninth
Festival,
a
holiday
for
us
to
show
our
respect
for
the
elderly.
③I
hold
the
opinion
that
we
should
go
to
help
them
(to)
overcome
the
present
difficulty.
答案
①They
three
want
to
travel
around
the
world
together
on
foot.
②We
are
going
to
the
local
nursing
home
for
the
coming
Double
Ninth
Festival,
a
holiday
for
us
to
show
our
respect
for
the
elderly.
③I
hold
the
opinion
that
we
should
go
to
help
them
(to)
overcome
the
present
difficulty.
十、专题训练
根据所给信息补全短文，并注意句子成分
Dear
Alex，
How
time
flies!
_1____________(要过一个星期你才能回到自己的国家).
I
am
writing
to
express
my
sincere
gratitude
for
your
help.
2_____
(首先，谢谢你帮助我学习英语).
Without
your
help,
I
would
not
have
made
so
great
progress
in
English?learning.
Besides,
_3______
(你告诉我的有关你们国家的事开阔了我的眼界)
and
aroused
my
interest
in
foreign
culture.
I
wish
you
all
the
best
in
the
future
and
have
a
good
journey.
_4___________
(期待你的下一次到来)．
Yours，
Li
Hua
十、专题训练
答案
1.It
will
be
a
week
before
you
go
back
to
your
own
country
2.First
of
all,thank
you
for
helping
me
learn
English
3.What
you
told
me
about
your
country
broadened
my
horizons
4.Looking
forward
to
your
next
arrival
Thanks
for
watching!
See
you
next
time!