定语从句讲解
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文档简介
(共41张PPT)
Grammar
Attributive Clause
定语从句
Sentence Translation
古代中国各诸侯国之间经常发生战争，但 那也是一个产生了许多哲学家的时代。
孔子是影响最大的哲学家。
墨子是又一位极具影响力的老师。
墨子出生贫寒(来自于一个贫穷的家庭)。
Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other, but it is also a
time when there were many great philosophers.
Confucius is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest.
Mozi was another teacher who was very influential.
Mozi came from a family which was very poor.
Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other, but it is also a time when there were many great philosophers.
Confucius is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest.
Mozi was another teacher who was very influential.
Mozi came from a family which was very poor.
定语从句（Attributive Clause）
在复合句中，作定语的从句
定义：
先行词： 被定语从句修饰的名词,代词或词组
关系词： 引导定语从句的词
※关系词的作用： (1)引导定语从句(连接作用)
(2)在从句中作一定成份
(3)代替先行词在从句中的位置
关系代词
关系副词
The students who study hard will pass the exam.
主句：
The woman whom you saw yesterday is my aunt.
主句：
先行词
从句
从句
先行词
The students will pass the exam.
The woman is my aunt.
关系词
关系词
关系词
关系代词 指人/物 在从句中作主/宾/定语
that
which
who
whom
whose
人/物
物
人
人
主/宾语
主/宾语
主语
宾语
人/物
定语
关系副词 指代 在从句中成分
when 时间 状语
where 地点 状语
why 原因 状语
Fill in the blanks
Lucy is a young girl ____ went to American with her mother .
The man_______ you see in the picture is Jack.
This is the boy ______ name is Tom.
Here are two pictures _____ are taken from the film .
I like the vase _______ there is some water.
Summer is the best season ______ you can go swimming .
指人,作主语
指人，作宾语
指人，作定语
指物，作主语
表地点，作状语
表时间，作状语
解题思路
7. This is the reason______ he was late.
表原因，作状语
做题技巧
一、找出先行词和从句部分
二、看从句中缺少什么成分（主/宾/定/状）
三、看先行词和从句的关系
四、看先行词指代什么（人/物/时/地/原因）
I still remember the day _________ we spent in
the forest.
2. I still remember the day _______I first came to
Beijing.
3. The factory _________ we will visit is large.
4. The factory _______ his father works is large.
5. I’ll never forget the time ______ we work
on the farm.
6. This is the house ______ we lived last year.
that/which
when
that/which
where
when
where
7. This is the museum ____________ I visited last year.
which\that
8.This is the reason ____ I didn’t come
here.
9.The reason _________ she gave was
not true.
why
which/that
1. The teachers are present at our class
are all experienced teachers.
2. Our class is a big family consists of 12 girls and 50 boys.
3. Yao Hui is the boy English study is very good in our class.
4. The school we are studying is very famous.
where
who
whose
which
Eg.2. The boy is my brother.
He helped me.
The boy who helped me is my brother.
Eg.1. The film is interesting.
They saw it last night.
The film that/which they saw last night is interesting.
The film
it
The boy
He
1. A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.
2. The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
3. we will visit a factory. The factory is large.
4. The book is on the desk. You want the book.
5.This is a teaching building. I study in it.
A plane is a machine that/which can fly.
The girl that/who we saw yesterday is Mary.
The factory that/which we will visit is large.
The book that/which you want is on the desk.
This is the teaching building where I study.
This is the teaching building which I study.
in.
归纳：1定语从句要避免成分重复
2定语从句要避免漏用先行词
3含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开
That book that you want it is on the desk.
2.The house that it was built in 1970 stayed up in
the earthquake.
3. Is this factory that we visited last week
the one
This factory is the one that we visited last week
4. He is the person for whom you are looking.
for
that与which指物时的区别:
a.形容词的最高级 如：the most beautiful,
the longest
b.序数词 如：the first, the third等
c.不定代词 如：something, everything, nothing,
anything , all, little, much, few, no ,any等
d.人和物 如: the teachers and schools
e.主句的主语是who、which 开头的疑问句时
f. the only , the very , the just ，the last修饰时
只用that不用which
f.在there be 句型里
He used the food there was in the room to feed the cat.
1.指物放在介词后时
2.非限制性定语从句中
只用which不可用that.
1.The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle
_______ were in the fields.
2.The wind blew down the tallest tree _______ is in
front of our school gate.
3.This is the very thing ______ I was looking for.
4.This is the second novel ______ I have ever read.
5.There is nothing in the world _______ can frighten
me.
6.Who is the man _______ is reading under the tree
7.My hometown is not the same one _______ it used
to be twenty years ago.
that
that
that
that
that
that
that
1. Nothing ____ can be done hasn’t been done.
2. Do you have anything ____ you don’t understand
3. This is the best TV ___ is made in China.
4. The first museum ___ he visited in China was the History Museum.
5. I’ve read all the books ____ you lent me.
6. The famous writer and his works ___ the girl liked have aroused great interest among the students.
7. A victim(受害者) is a person, animal or thing ___ suffers pain, death, harm, etc.
that
that
that
that
that
that
that
9. Who ____ you have ever seen can do it better
10. Her bag, in _____ she put all her money, has been stolen.
11. This is the ring on _____ she spent 1000 dollars.
12. The house, ____ was built many years ago is still very new.
that
which
which
which
I will tell you something ____happened last night.I felt lonely at home ,so the only thing _____I could do was to see a film ,______is very interesting.This is the most wonderful film ___ has been shown in the cinema . The things and persons _________ I saw in the film will be unforgettable. The film is very famous,_______ is known to us. So please enjoy the pictures of the film about_____ I will tell you later on.
that
that
that
that
which
which
which
a.当先行词为those，one，anyone，nobody等不定代词时
b. 在分割型的定语从句中
c.先行词为there be 结构主语时
d.当先行词是泛指代词he they 等
e. 有两个定语从句出现在一个句子中，第一个关系代词用了that，第二个应该用who/whom以免重复.
Who/whom与that指人时的区别:
Anybody______ wants to go with me please tell me.
A visitor will come______ is your father’s friend.
There is a volunteer________ is always ready to help you.
He_____ breaks the law will be punished.
She is the girl that I loved _____I hate.
who
who
who
who
who
whose 引导的定语从句表示所属关系
1. The river _____ banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.
whose
whose的用法:
2. There are 20 students, ____ are different in this class.
A. whose backgrounds
B. The backgrounds of whom
C. of whom the backgrounds
D. the backgrounds of whose
Whose+名
指人时,the＋名＋of＋whom或of whom＋the＋名
指物时,the＋名＋of＋which或of which＋the＋名
The earth is round, as we all know.
She wear the same skirt as I saw yesterday.
As is known to all, the earth is round.
Don’s read such books as are difficult to understand.
As可以引导定语从句，在从句中做主语，宾语或者指代整个句子
as的用法:
As，which引导非限制性定语从句时，as和which都可以指代整个主句。区别如下：
as定可放在句首、句中、句末, 而which 不能放在句首。
as译为正如, 好像；which 则没有此义。
as 在从句中做主语时,从句的谓语动词必须是系动词,且常接被动语态。如：As is said/known/reported. Which则不一定。
先行词前面有the same…., such/so….,as much/many…,关系词用as
as与which的区别:
5. It is very useful to master a foreign language, _____ has been said before.
which
6. __ everyone hoped, Mary has won the first prize.
As
as引导定语从句可放在句首、句中、句末, 而which 引导定语从句不能放在句首。as译为正如, 好像。which 则没有此义。
This is the same book as I lost.
这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。
This is the same book that I lost.
这本书就是我丢的那本。
1.This is such an interesting book __ we all like.
2.This is such an interesting book ____ we all like it. 3.This is so interesting a book __ we all like.
4.This is so interesting a book ____we all like it.
1、3 定语从句，意思是；这是大家都喜欢
的如此有趣的一本书。
2、4结果状语从句。意为这本书如此有趣,大家都
喜欢。
as
as
that
that
Titanic is the ship_______Jack and Lucy met
and loved each other .
The reason_______Titanic sank is that the ship hit an iceberg .
The year_____Titanic hit an iceberg and sank is 1894 .
in which
in which
for which
why
where
when
介词+which；介词+whom引导的定语从句:
why=for which
where=in/on/to/from/at/under…+which
when=at/on/in/from/to/during…+which
1.根据从句中谓语动词的搭配。
e.g.
This is
the book→
____which I spent five yuan .
____ which I paid five yuan .
_____which Tom often talks.
_____ which I learnt a lot.
___which there are few new words.
on
for
about
from
in
2 根据从句中形容词与介词的搭配。 He referred me to some reference books ____ which I am not very familiar.
with
I still
remember→
the day ___which I joined the league.
the days _______which I lived in the country.
the years____ which I stayed there.
3.根据先行词的搭配习惯。
on
during
in
Notice:
这类句子中介词也可以放在从句的末尾，这时关系代词可以省略。
This is the person (whom) you are going to work with.
1.This is the car __which I bought last year.
2.This is the car ____which I paid 100$.
3.This is the car ____which I spent 100$.
4.This is the car ____which I go to work every day.
5.This is the car _________ which I can’t go to work.
/
for
on
by
without
Complete the following setences
6. This is the car ____which the old man was
knocked down
7. This is the car ____which a boy threw a stone.
8. This is the car _________which we talked.
9. This is the car ____which the window was broken.
10. She is the girl _____ whom I go the Beijing.
11.She is the girl _____ whom I fell in love.
12. She is the girl_____ whom I have respect.
13. She is the girl ______ whom the work was done.
by
at
about
of
by
with
with
for
⑴固定词组中的介词不可以拆开前置(put up with, be tired of, take care of…)
Eg. The girl after whom my mother is looking is from America. ×
⑵介词前置,关系代词指人时,只可用whom不可用who或that;关系代词指物时,只可用which不可用that.
Eg. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to that/who she could turn for help. ×
注意
关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时，可以省略，作主语时不能省略。
关系代词在定语从句中的省略
This is the person (whom) you are going to work with.
She is the girl that/who is very beautiful.
She is the girl (whom/that) I saw yesterday.
He is the only one in his class who ___ (have) got the teacher’s praise.
He is one of the students in his class who ____ (have) got the teacher’s praise.
has
have
关系词在定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词的数取决于先行词。
定语从句中的谓语动词
1. I’ve come to the point where I can’t stand him.
2. The country is in the situation where a war
will break out at any time.
我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。
国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。
解析：先行词是point, situation, part, condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。
抽象定语从句
1.We are trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk. （06山东）
A. which B. that C. where D. when
2. ---Do you have anything to say for yourself
---Yes, there’s one point ____ we must insist on . （06江西）
A. why B. where C. how D. /
高考题链接：
1.This is the library_____ I borrowed the book.
2.It is from this library____I borrowed the book.
where
定语从句
that
强调句型
3. ---Where did you last see Mr. Smith
---It was in the hotel____ I lived.
A. that B. which
C. where D. when
定语从句与强调句
Grammar
Attributive Clause
定语从句
Sentence Translation
古代中国各诸侯国之间经常发生战争，但 那也是一个产生了许多哲学家的时代。
孔子是影响最大的哲学家。
墨子是又一位极具影响力的老师。
墨子出生贫寒(来自于一个贫穷的家庭)。
Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other, but it is also a
time when there were many great philosophers.
Confucius is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest.
Mozi was another teacher who was very influential.
Mozi came from a family which was very poor.
Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other, but it is also a time when there were many great philosophers.
Confucius is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest.
Mozi was another teacher who was very influential.
Mozi came from a family which was very poor.
定语从句（Attributive Clause）
在复合句中，作定语的从句
定义：
先行词： 被定语从句修饰的名词,代词或词组
关系词： 引导定语从句的词
※关系词的作用： (1)引导定语从句(连接作用)
(2)在从句中作一定成份
(3)代替先行词在从句中的位置
关系代词
关系副词
The students who study hard will pass the exam.
主句：
The woman whom you saw yesterday is my aunt.
主句：
先行词
从句
从句
先行词
The students will pass the exam.
The woman is my aunt.
关系词
关系词
关系词
关系代词 指人/物 在从句中作主/宾/定语
that
which
who
whom
whose
人/物
物
人
人
主/宾语
主/宾语
主语
宾语
人/物
定语
关系副词 指代 在从句中成分
when 时间 状语
where 地点 状语
why 原因 状语
Fill in the blanks
Lucy is a young girl ____ went to American with her mother .
The man_______ you see in the picture is Jack.
This is the boy ______ name is Tom.
Here are two pictures _____ are taken from the film .
I like the vase _______ there is some water.
Summer is the best season ______ you can go swimming .
指人,作主语
指人，作宾语
指人，作定语
指物，作主语
表地点，作状语
表时间，作状语
解题思路
7. This is the reason______ he was late.
表原因，作状语
做题技巧
一、找出先行词和从句部分
二、看从句中缺少什么成分（主/宾/定/状）
三、看先行词和从句的关系
四、看先行词指代什么（人/物/时/地/原因）
I still remember the day _________ we spent in
the forest.
2. I still remember the day _______I first came to
Beijing.
3. The factory _________ we will visit is large.
4. The factory _______ his father works is large.
5. I’ll never forget the time ______ we work
on the farm.
6. This is the house ______ we lived last year.
that/which
when
that/which
where
when
where
7. This is the museum ____________ I visited last year.
which\that
8.This is the reason ____ I didn’t come
here.
9.The reason _________ she gave was
not true.
why
which/that
1. The teachers are present at our class
are all experienced teachers.
2. Our class is a big family consists of 12 girls and 50 boys.
3. Yao Hui is the boy English study is very good in our class.
4. The school we are studying is very famous.
where
who
whose
which
Eg.2. The boy is my brother.
He helped me.
The boy who helped me is my brother.
Eg.1. The film is interesting.
They saw it last night.
The film that/which they saw last night is interesting.
The film
it
The boy
He
1. A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.
2. The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
3. we will visit a factory. The factory is large.
4. The book is on the desk. You want the book.
5.This is a teaching building. I study in it.
A plane is a machine that/which can fly.
The girl that/who we saw yesterday is Mary.
The factory that/which we will visit is large.
The book that/which you want is on the desk.
This is the teaching building where I study.
This is the teaching building which I study.
in.
归纳：1定语从句要避免成分重复
2定语从句要避免漏用先行词
3含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开
That book that you want it is on the desk.
2.The house that it was built in 1970 stayed up in
the earthquake.
3. Is this factory that we visited last week
the one
This factory is the one that we visited last week
4. He is the person for whom you are looking.
for
that与which指物时的区别:
a.形容词的最高级 如：the most beautiful,
the longest
b.序数词 如：the first, the third等
c.不定代词 如：something, everything, nothing,
anything , all, little, much, few, no ,any等
d.人和物 如: the teachers and schools
e.主句的主语是who、which 开头的疑问句时
f. the only , the very , the just ，the last修饰时
只用that不用which
f.在there be 句型里
He used the food there was in the room to feed the cat.
1.指物放在介词后时
2.非限制性定语从句中
只用which不可用that.
1.The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle
_______ were in the fields.
2.The wind blew down the tallest tree _______ is in
front of our school gate.
3.This is the very thing ______ I was looking for.
4.This is the second novel ______ I have ever read.
5.There is nothing in the world _______ can frighten
me.
6.Who is the man _______ is reading under the tree
7.My hometown is not the same one _______ it used
to be twenty years ago.
that
that
that
that
that
that
that
1. Nothing ____ can be done hasn’t been done.
2. Do you have anything ____ you don’t understand
3. This is the best TV ___ is made in China.
4. The first museum ___ he visited in China was the History Museum.
5. I’ve read all the books ____ you lent me.
6. The famous writer and his works ___ the girl liked have aroused great interest among the students.
7. A victim(受害者) is a person, animal or thing ___ suffers pain, death, harm, etc.
that
that
that
that
that
that
that
9. Who ____ you have ever seen can do it better
10. Her bag, in _____ she put all her money, has been stolen.
11. This is the ring on _____ she spent 1000 dollars.
12. The house, ____ was built many years ago is still very new.
that
which
which
which
I will tell you something ____happened last night.I felt lonely at home ,so the only thing _____I could do was to see a film ,______is very interesting.This is the most wonderful film ___ has been shown in the cinema . The things and persons _________ I saw in the film will be unforgettable. The film is very famous,_______ is known to us. So please enjoy the pictures of the film about_____ I will tell you later on.
that
that
that
that
which
which
which
a.当先行词为those，one，anyone，nobody等不定代词时
b. 在分割型的定语从句中
c.先行词为there be 结构主语时
d.当先行词是泛指代词he they 等
e. 有两个定语从句出现在一个句子中，第一个关系代词用了that，第二个应该用who/whom以免重复.
Who/whom与that指人时的区别:
Anybody______ wants to go with me please tell me.
A visitor will come______ is your father’s friend.
There is a volunteer________ is always ready to help you.
He_____ breaks the law will be punished.
She is the girl that I loved _____I hate.
who
who
who
who
who
whose 引导的定语从句表示所属关系
1. The river _____ banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.
whose
whose的用法:
2. There are 20 students, ____ are different in this class.
A. whose backgrounds
B. The backgrounds of whom
C. of whom the backgrounds
D. the backgrounds of whose
Whose+名
指人时,the＋名＋of＋whom或of whom＋the＋名
指物时,the＋名＋of＋which或of which＋the＋名
The earth is round, as we all know.
She wear the same skirt as I saw yesterday.
As is known to all, the earth is round.
Don’s read such books as are difficult to understand.
As可以引导定语从句，在从句中做主语，宾语或者指代整个句子
as的用法:
As，which引导非限制性定语从句时，as和which都可以指代整个主句。区别如下：
as定可放在句首、句中、句末, 而which 不能放在句首。
as译为正如, 好像；which 则没有此义。
as 在从句中做主语时,从句的谓语动词必须是系动词,且常接被动语态。如：As is said/known/reported. Which则不一定。
先行词前面有the same…., such/so….,as much/many…,关系词用as
as与which的区别:
5. It is very useful to master a foreign language, _____ has been said before.
which
6. __ everyone hoped, Mary has won the first prize.
As
as引导定语从句可放在句首、句中、句末, 而which 引导定语从句不能放在句首。as译为正如, 好像。which 则没有此义。
This is the same book as I lost.
这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。
This is the same book that I lost.
这本书就是我丢的那本。
1.This is such an interesting book __ we all like.
2.This is such an interesting book ____ we all like it. 3.This is so interesting a book __ we all like.
4.This is so interesting a book ____we all like it.
1、3 定语从句，意思是；这是大家都喜欢
的如此有趣的一本书。
2、4结果状语从句。意为这本书如此有趣,大家都
喜欢。
as
as
that
that
Titanic is the ship_______Jack and Lucy met
and loved each other .
The reason_______Titanic sank is that the ship hit an iceberg .
The year_____Titanic hit an iceberg and sank is 1894 .
in which
in which
for which
why
where
when
介词+which；介词+whom引导的定语从句:
why=for which
where=in/on/to/from/at/under…+which
when=at/on/in/from/to/during…+which
1.根据从句中谓语动词的搭配。
e.g.
This is
the book→
____which I spent five yuan .
____ which I paid five yuan .
_____which Tom often talks.
_____ which I learnt a lot.
___which there are few new words.
on
for
about
from
in
2 根据从句中形容词与介词的搭配。 He referred me to some reference books ____ which I am not very familiar.
with
I still
remember→
the day ___which I joined the league.
the days _______which I lived in the country.
the years____ which I stayed there.
3.根据先行词的搭配习惯。
on
during
in
Notice:
这类句子中介词也可以放在从句的末尾，这时关系代词可以省略。
This is the person (whom) you are going to work with.
1.This is the car __which I bought last year.
2.This is the car ____which I paid 100$.
3.This is the car ____which I spent 100$.
4.This is the car ____which I go to work every day.
5.This is the car _________ which I can’t go to work.
/
for
on
by
without
Complete the following setences
6. This is the car ____which the old man was
knocked down
7. This is the car ____which a boy threw a stone.
8. This is the car _________which we talked.
9. This is the car ____which the window was broken.
10. She is the girl _____ whom I go the Beijing.
11.She is the girl _____ whom I fell in love.
12. She is the girl_____ whom I have respect.
13. She is the girl ______ whom the work was done.
by
at
about
of
by
with
with
for
⑴固定词组中的介词不可以拆开前置(put up with, be tired of, take care of…)
Eg. The girl after whom my mother is looking is from America. ×
⑵介词前置,关系代词指人时,只可用whom不可用who或that;关系代词指物时,只可用which不可用that.
Eg. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to that/who she could turn for help. ×
注意
关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时，可以省略，作主语时不能省略。
关系代词在定语从句中的省略
This is the person (whom) you are going to work with.
She is the girl that/who is very beautiful.
She is the girl (whom/that) I saw yesterday.
He is the only one in his class who ___ (have) got the teacher’s praise.
He is one of the students in his class who ____ (have) got the teacher’s praise.
has
have
关系词在定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词的数取决于先行词。
定语从句中的谓语动词
1. I’ve come to the point where I can’t stand him.
2. The country is in the situation where a war
will break out at any time.
我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。
国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。
解析：先行词是point, situation, part, condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。
抽象定语从句
1.We are trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk. （06山东）
A. which B. that C. where D. when
2. ---Do you have anything to say for yourself
---Yes, there’s one point ____ we must insist on . （06江西）
A. why B. where C. how D. /
高考题链接：
1.This is the library_____ I borrowed the book.
2.It is from this library____I borrowed the book.
where
定语从句
that
强调句型
3. ---Where did you last see Mr. Smith
---It was in the hotel____ I lived.
A. that B. which
C. where D. when
定语从句与强调句