Unit 3 Under the sea Grammar

(共53张PPT)
Unit 3 Grammar
Revise the Passive Voice of —ing Form
Having been attacked by terrorists, the
World Trade Center collapsed.
Unexpectedly, being unemployed gave
me back a sense of purpose — I was someone’s mum!
2. What we are sure about is the need to
prevent children from being spoiled.
3. The silence of the library was broken only
by the sound of pages being turned over.
4. Being watched by his English teacher,
little Tom felt nervous, not knowing
what to say.
5. Did you see the boy being questioned
by the police
6. Having been told many times, he finally
understood it.
一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：
Football is played all over the world．
二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如：
My bike was stolen．
我的自行车被盗了。
何时使用被动语态呢？
三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如：
It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house.
It was reported that her mother died of SARS.
众所周知…… It is well known that...
据推测说…… It is supposed that…
四、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。
例如：
Wei Hua was asked to come by Lin Tao．
魏华是被林涛叫来的。
五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。
例如：
He was born in October, 1989．
六、表示礼貌时。
例如：
You are friendly invited to come to our English party at 8:00 p.m. tomorrow．
敬请您明天晚上8：00光临我们的英语晚会。
V-ing 形式由 “do＋ing” 构成，
其否定形式是 “not doing”, V-ing
可以带宾语或状语构成 V-ing 短
语，没有人称和数的变化，但有
时态和语态的变化。
V-ing 形式
　语态
时态 主动形式 被动形式
一般式
完成式
(not) doing
(not) being done
(not)
having done
(not) having
been done
当非限定性动词-ing的逻辑主语
是-ing所表示的动作对象时要用
-ing的被动形式，包括其一般形式
“(not) being + -ed分词和完成形式
“(not) having been +-ed分词” 。
什么情况用V-ing 形式的被动式呢？
当动词-ing 形式的逻辑主语是
动作的承受者时，就要用动词-ing
形式的被动语态。 动词-ing形式的被动语态和它的
主动语态一样，在句中可以作主语、
宾语、定语、状语。
动词-ing形式的被动语态
1. Being killed by sharks in the sea
is a common thing.
2. Being helped out by the killer
whales, the whalers were able to
make successful kill.
用作主语
He was afraid of being scolded by
the teacher.
2. I remember having been told the story.
3. I didn’t like the idea of being thrown about in a boat on a rough sea.
用作宾语
V-ing 形式既可作动词的宾语, 也可作
介词的宾语。
★ The bird escaped ______________
(catch).
★ He was afraid of _______________
(abandon) by us.
being abandoned
being caught
在 avoid, admit, appreciate, complete, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, put off, feel like, insist on 等后只接V-ing形式作宾语。
注意
The problem being discussed now is very important.
2. The house being built will be our library upon its completion.
用作定语
1. Being asked to answer the
question, she couldn’t refuse.
2. Having been given such a good chance, how would you not value
it at all
用作状语
—Ving 一般时和一般时的被动形式;
(1) He hurried home, looking behind
from time to time.
(2) The building being repaired is our
dormitory.
Compare I
—Ving 的完成时和完成时的被动形式
(1) Having heard this , our teacher
expressed her satisfaction.
(2) Having been asked to stay, I
couldn’t leave.
Compare II
在绝大数情况下，句子的逻辑主语是句中的主语，但有时可有一个名词或代词表示逻辑上的主语，这种带逻辑主语的结构称为独立结构。
The meeting being over, we all left
the room and drove home.
会议结束后, 我们都离开房间开车走了。
It being a holiday, all the shops were shut.
由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。
The heavy frost coming on, dead
leaves lay thick on the ground.
浓霜降临, 落叶满地。
一些动词如need, want, require等作
“需要”讲时, 其后的动词-ing形式的主
动语态表示被动意义, 也可以用不定式的
被动形式来替换。如：
注意
The blackboard needs cleaning.
= The blackboard needs to be cleaned.
黑板需要擦干净。
The broken window wants repairing.
= The broken window wants to be repaired.
那个破窗户需要修理。
另外注意be worth及be worthy 的用法： The problem is worth discussing. The problem is worthy of being discussed. The problem is worthy to be discussed.
以上三个句子都意为“这个问题值得讨论”。
1. --- What made Bill so angry
--- ______. His girl friend promised to
come at 8:30, but she hasn’t come yet.
A. Having kept waiting
B. Being kept waiting
C. To be kept waiting
D. Being kept waited
课堂练兵
2. The building ____ in our school is for
us teachers. Though there’s noise most
of the day, we still feel happy about it.
A. built
B. having been built
C. to be built
D. being built
3. The squirrel was lucky that it just
missed ______.
A. catching
B. to be caught
C. being caught
D. to catch
4. While shopping, people sometimes
can’t help ______ into buying
something they don’t really need.
A. to persuaded
B. persuading
C. being persuaded
D. be persuaded
5. _______ many times, the boy still
didn’t know how to do the exercises.
A. Having taught
B. Having been taught
C. taught
D. Teaching
6. _________ the whole story, Jane
decided not to see the film.
A. Having been told　　　
B. Having told
C. Been told　　　　　　
D. Telling
7. He has always insisted on his ______
Dr Turner instead of Mr Turner.
A. been called
B. called
C. having called
D. being called
8. Do you mind _______ alone at home
A. Jane leaving
B. Jane having left
C. Jane’s being left
D. Jane to be left
9. ________ abroad for a tour is a great
honor for an ordinary person like me.
A. Taken
B. Taking
C. Having been taken
D. Being taken
10. I hear they’ve invited Lucy, but she
didn’t mention _________ when we
talked on the phone.
A. to invite
B. having been invited
C. having invited
D. to be invited
11. Ben can’t attend the party _______ at
Lily’s house at present because he is
preparing for tomorrow’s test.
A. hold
B. to hold
C. to be held
D. being held
12. _______, the enemy troops were forced
to give in.
A. Being surrounded
B. To surround
C. To be surrounded
D. Having surrounded
13. The appointment _____ because of the
snowstorm, Miss Green had to stay at
home.
A. canceling
B. being canceled
C. having been canceled
D. to be canceled
14. After the man became conscious, he
remembered _______ and hit on the 　
head with something hard.
A. to attack
B. having been attacked
C. attacking
D. to be attacked
— Have you handed in your schoolwork
yet
— Yes, I have. I guess it ______ now.
(2007 辽宁卷)
A. has graded
B. is graded
C. is being graded
D. is grading
2. The country has already sent up three
unmanned spacecraft, the most recent
________ at the end of last March.
(2007 山东卷)
A. has been launched
B. having been launched
C. being launched
D. to be launched
3. I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he
didn’t mention _____ when we talked
on the phone. (2008 江西卷)
A. to promote
B. having been promoted
C. having promoted
D. to be promoted
4. ______ around the Water Cube, we were
then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the
2008 Olympic Games. (2008 陕西卷)
A. Having shown
B. To be shown
C. Having been shown
D. To show
5. I still remember ________ to the Famen
Temple and what I saw there.
(2009 陕西卷)
A. to take
B. to be taken
C. taking
D. being taken
6. ________ many times, he finally
understood it. (2009 四川卷)
A. Told
B. Telling
C. Having told
D. Having been told
1. ____________ (ask) to put on
performance, she refused.
2. He disliked _________________
(interrupt) in his experiment .
3. _________________ (give) such
a good chance, you should catch it .
Being asked
Fill in the blanks.
being interrupted
Having been given
4. I didn’t mind __________ (leave)
at home.
5. The house wants _________ (clean).
6. He came in without ___________ (ask).
7. __________________ (show) around
the library, we were taken to see
the lab.
being left
cleaning
being asked
Having been shown
Go over the grammar.
Finish the exercises on P.P. 22-23.
Homework
Thank
you.