外研版必修五Module 4 Carnival 语法课件（共20张ppt）

(共20张PPT)
Module
4
Carnival
grammar
Grammar:
the
Passive
Voice
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，表示句子的主语对象是动作的承受者，即动作的对象。一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词没有被动语态
一、被动语态定义
A
window
was
opened
by
him.
被动语态：
He
opened
a
window.
主语
谓语
宾语
二、被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化
形式时态
一般式
进行式
完成式
现在
is\am
\are
done
am\is\are
being
done
has\have
been
done
过去
was\were
done
was\were
being
done
had
been
done
将来
will\shall
be
done
will\shall
have
been
done
1.
Once
a
promise
is
made,
it
should
not
be
broken.
2.
I
have
been
told
many
times
not
to
makes
noises.
3.
The
lecture
will
be
made
by
Joe,
who
is
a
young
artist
from
the
US.
4.
Do
you
know
when
the
new
railway
will
be
opened?
1.
不知道或没必要说明动作的执行者，此时不带by引导的短语。
2.
强调动作的承受者，通常带by引导的短语。
Do
you
know
when
the
new
railway
will
be
opened?
The
novel
was
written
by
the
high
school
students.
1.by
2.
was
shocked
1.
Despite
the
previous
rounds
of
talks,
no
agreement
has
been
reached
so
far_______the
two
sides.
2.
I
still
remember
visiting
a
friend
who'd
lived
here
for
five
years
and
I
______(shock)
when
I
learnt
she
had
not
cooked
once
in
all
that
time.
1.
情态动词的被动语态构成是：
情态动词+be
+
过去分词
四、被动语态的特殊情况
All
the
letters
should
be
answered
immediately.
2.不定式的被动语态：
（1）一般式：to
be
done
表示不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或与其同时发生。
（2）完成式：to
have
been
done表示不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
The
book
is
said
to
be
published
soon.
The
book
is
said
to
have
been
translated
into
many
languages.
3.
接双宾语的动词被动语态：双宾语变被动语态时，如果间接宾语被提前做主语，那么直接宾语保留不变。如果直接宾语被提前作主语，那么间接宾语前一般要加to或for.
We
gave
him
a
letter.
He
was
given
a
letter
by
us.
The
letter
was
given
to
him
by
us.
4.
接复合结构的动词变被动语态，应将宾语变为被动句的主语，而原宾补保留不动。
We
elected
him
a
monitor
He
was
elected
our
monitor.
1.
连系动词
look,
sound,
smell,
feel,
taste,
remain等后接表语时，用主动表被动
2.
当open,close,shut,lock,move等表示某种属性的词时，通常用主动表被动。
Your
advice
sounds
pratical.
The
door
does
not
shut.
3.主语+系动词
+adj.
（for
sb）
to
do
sth句型中，形容词表示主语的特征或性质时，用主动表被动。
4.
不定式作名词的后置定语，与被修饰名词之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和主语或宾语之间构成主谓关系时，用主动表被动。
The
question
is
difficult
to
answer
He
has
a
lot
of
work
to
do
this
morning.
I
will
give
you
something
to
eat.
5.
在need,
require等少数表示“需要”的动词后的ing用主动表被动。be
worth
doing用主动表被动。
6.
不定式
to
blame,
to
let作表语时，通常用主动表示被动。
The
house
needs
cleaning.
They
require
looking
after.
The
movie
is
worth
seeing.
Who
is
to
blame?
The
house
is
to
let.
2
四、被动语态要注意的问题。
1.不及物动词没有被动语态，常见的不及物动词有appear,
die,
fail,
happen,
remain,
take
place等。
The
accident
happened
in
the
morning.
The
monster
appeared
suddenly.
2
2.动词see,make,hear,watch,notice等动词后作宾补时要加to。
They
made
him
go
there
alone.
He
was
made
to
go
there
alone
by
them.
2
3.带介词或副词的动词短语look
after,put
on,
pay
attention
to等变被动时，所带的介词或副词应该保留下来。
She
often
looks
after
the
old
man.
The
old
man
is
often
looked
after
by
her.
练习
It
is
impossible
to_______(prove).
The
palace
caught
fire
three
times
in
last
century,
and
little
of
the
original
building_______(remain)
now.
Professor
William
keeps
telling
his
students
that
the
future______(belong)to
the
well-educated.
improve
remains
belongs
练习
More
efforts,
as
reported,_______(make)
in
the
year
ahead
to
accelerate
the
supply
reform.
Did
you
enjoy
the
party?
Yes,
we
_______(treat)
well
by
our
hosts
You
are
invited
to
a
party
to_______(hold)
at
the
palace.
will
be
made
were
treated
be
held
Thank
you