Unit 2 Poems grammar Subjunctive Mood

(共25张PPT)
Grammar
Subjunctive Mood
虚拟语气
虚拟语气在‘if ’ 条件句中的用法
虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法
虚拟语气其他句型的用法
Subjunctive Mood
虚拟语气
复习--虚拟语气在‘if ’ 条件句中的用法
与现在,过去和将来事实可能相反
条件从句 主句
一般过去时
（did/were） would/should/could/might＋动词原形
条件从句 主句
过去完成时 would/should/could/might＋have done
条件从句 主句
1. 一般过去时（did/were）
2. were to do
3. should do would/should/could/might＋动词原形
虚拟语气在‘if ’ 条件句中的用法
2) if的省略
如果条件句中有were, had, should 等助动词，可将if省略，而把were,had或should置于句首,来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思。
_______________(=If I were you), I should accept the invitation.
2) _______________(=If you had come) earlier,you couldn t have missed the bus.
3) _______________ (=If he should see) me, he would know me..
Were I you
Had you come
Should he see
3)含蓄条件句与主句.
即用without(＝but for),or(else), otherwise代替if从句。
注意：or(else), otherwise 用在主句前
有时出现but这个表转折的连词时，也要用虚拟语气，但but后往往是陈述语气
例如：
Without/But for his help, we wouldn’t have made such great progress.
＝If there hadn’t been/we hadn’t got his help, we wouldn’t have made such great progress.
Thanks to his help, otherwise I wouldn’t have made such great progress.
I would have seen the film with you last night, but I was too busy. (=If I had not been so busy)
4)混合条件句或错综条件句
主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间, 这时主从句位于动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同, 这叫做混合条件句或错综条件句。
常见情况：从句与过去事实相反, 主句与现在事实相反。
If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.
If you had done as I told you to, you would not be in trouble now.
在wish后的宾语从句中的用法：
A．与过去事实相反的愿望：宾从谓语为“had done”形式。
例如：I wish I had passed yesterday’s exam.要是我昨天的考试及格了该多好。
B．与现在事实相反的愿望：宾从谓语为“did/were”形式。
例如：He wishes he were as clever as you./I wish I had a large room to live in.
C．表示将来愿望：宾从谓语用“would/could do”形式。
例如：How I wish I would go abroad next year!
虚拟语气在其它名词性从句中的用法
一: 在表“建议”“命令”“计划”“要求”等含义的动词的宾语 suggest,propose,demand,request,require,order,insist等动词后的宾语从句或主语从句中，谓语为“(should) do”形式。例如：
I suggest that he (should) be sent to the nearest hospital as soon as possible.
It is suggested that he (should) be sent to the nearest hospital as soon as possible.
注意：当suggest表示“暗示”之意时，则不用虚拟语气；当insist表示“坚持认为”之意时，则也不用虚拟语气。
His pale face suggested that he was ill.
He insisted that what he did was right.
在此类动词对应的名词 suggestion, proposal, request, requirement, advice等后的表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语用“(should) do”形式。
例如：
1) My suggestion is that he (should) be sent to the
nearest hospital as soon as possible.
2) I gave him the suggestion that he (should) be sent to
the nearest hospital as soon as possible.
虚拟语气在其它名词性从句中的用法
二. 在would rather后的宾语从句中的用法：
A．表示过去的情况：宾从谓语为“had done”形式。
例如：I would rathr you hadn’t told me the truth。
B．表示现在或将来的情况：宾从谓语为“did/were”形式。
例如：I don’t like the task the boss asked me to do. I would rather you did it.
虚拟语气在其它名词性从句中的用法
三．在“It is (about/high) time＋that从句”结构中，that从句的谓语用一般过去或should +动词原形。
例如：
It is high time he went to bed/should go to bed.
虚拟语气在其它名词性从句中的用法
四. 在It’s necessary/strange/natural/ important/pity/no wonder/impossible + that---Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟, 即(should)+动词原形.
例如：
1 ）It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.
2）It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.
3）It’s necessary that we should study hard.
虚拟语气在其它名词性从句中的用法
在as if/as though引导的状语从句中用法：
在as if/as though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用倒退一个时间段的方式来表达虚拟语气。例如：
1）The man speaks as if he were a foreigner.
2）They talked as if they had been good friends for years.
注：as if/as though从句中不一定都要用虚拟语气。如果情况真实性、可能性很大，就要用正常时态来描绘。例如：It looks as if it is going to rain.天看起来象要下雨。（下雨的可能性很大。）
虚拟语气在其他结构中的用法
在if only (但愿；要是…就好了)中的用法：
现在: 用一般过去时
If only I were you. Only if I could fly.
过去:用过去完成时
If only I had been to the party. I could have met him.
将来: 用would+do
If only I would go to Beijing tomorrow.
虚拟语气在其他结构中的用法
某些简单句的固定句型:
God bless you! 愿上帝保佑你！
May you succeed! 祝你成功！
Long live the People’s Republic of China!
中华人民共和国万岁！
虚拟语气在其他结构中的用法
虚拟语气高考链接
1.——Alice,why didn’t you come yesterday
——I _____,but I had an unexpected visitor. (NMET)
A.had B.would C.was going to D.did
析:此题A、D明显不合上下文，因为乙方没有去。B选项若为would have则成立，可以理解为I would have come if I hadn’t had an unexpected visitor.的简略式。但此处是would,故应排除。只有was going to可得体地表达“我原本打算去的，但是有不速之客造访”这一意思。
2.If there were no subjunctive mood, English______much easier. (NMET)
A.will be B.would have been C.could have been D.would be
析：观察题干，可知全句表达的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故答案为D。
虚拟语气高考链接
3. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ______ the rules. (NMET)
A.obeys B.obey C.will obey D.would obey
析：根据insist后的宾语从句谓语要用(should) do形式规律，可定正确答案是B。
虚拟语气高考链接
4. I wish I _____ you yesterday.
A.seen B.did see C.had seen D.were to see
析：此题表与过去事实相反的原望，答案应为C。
5. Without electricity human life _____ quite different today. (NMET)
A.is B.will be C.would have been D.would be
析：without引出一个含蓄条件句，主句表述的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为D。
6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it look as if it _____. (NMET)
A.breaks B.has broken
C.were broken D.had been broken
析；放入水中的铅笔看上去是断的，但实际上并非如此，因此是与现在的事实相反，这时as if从句谓语要用一般过去时，故答案为C。
虚拟语气高考链接
7. ____ it ____ for your help,I couldn’t have made any progress.
A.Had;not been B.Should;not be C.Did;not be D.Not;be
析：根据主句谓语形式，可知从句要用had done形式，故应选A，Had it not been for your help＝If it had not been for your help.（要不是你帮忙的话）
课堂即时翻译练习
1. 我希望和你一样高。
　
2. 他希望他没讲那样的话。
3. 我希望明天下雨就好了。
I wish I were as tall as you.　
He wished he hadn’t said that.
I wish it would rain tomorrow.
4. 我们建议Tom 去休息一下。
5. 他坚决要求我到场。
课堂即时翻译练习
We suggested that Tom have a rest.
He insisted that I (should) be present.
6. 国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。
7. 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。
课堂即时翻译练习
The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day.
They requested that we (should) send them to work there.
8. 要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了!
9. 要是我没错过火车就好了！
课堂即时翻译练习
If only our parents could live with us!
If only I hadn’t missed the train!
1.Revise new words and expressions in Unit 2.
2. Revise the grammar
3. English Weekly 4:
Multiple choice & Reading A, B &C
Homework