Unit 3 Inventors and inventions words and expressions

Some words and phrases of Unit 3 （高二）
1．discovery n. discover v. discoverer n.
2．Patent n
（1）official document 许可证 (2) right granted by this专利权
(3) Invention or process that is protected by a patent. (4) It’s my patent.
adj.
a patent device专利发明 letters patent专利证
patent right专利权 This is a fact patent to the world.这是全世界都明白的事实。
vt. Obtain a patent for sth 取得…专利
The government patented the device to its inventor.
政府给予发明者专利权。
3．Vt. distinguish sb. in a crowd 在人群中认出某人
使杰出；使扬名 （接反身用法）
The monitor distinguished himself by his performance in the examination. "班长在考试中成绩优异,因而显得突出。“
（常与from, between连用）区别；区分
distinguish good from evil 分辨善恶
Distinguish right from wrong /~between right and wrong
be distinguished by 以...为特征 distinguish oneself 使自己与众不同; 使自己出名
4．Product n产品（总称）；成果(u)
farm product 产品，制成品 （c) agricultural products 农 产 品
The product of … …的产物 She is the product of a broken home.
〈数〉积
The product of 3 and 7 is 21. 三和七的乘积是二十一。Produce
5．Powder n.粉末/火药
face powder扑面粉 gunpowder
Vt. She powdered the baby after its bath. 她在婴儿洗澡之后, 在他身上搽了香粉
the western powers.西方列强 come into power
6．Perfume n. 香味；芳香
She was wearing a strong perfume.她身上有浓烈的香水味
Vt 使香 洒香水
to perfume one's hair 在头发上洒香水
7．Abrupt
Unexpectedly sudden: an abrupt change in the weather
粗鲁无礼的；唐突的: abrupt entrance 闯进
abruptly adv. /abruptness n
8．Convenient adj. 满意的；便利的 近便的 a convenient time
Our house is convenient for the shops.我们家到商店很方便
9．Overnight adv.一夜间；
We stayed overnight here. 我们整个晚上都在里。
Byron became famous overnight. 拜伦突然间成名了
10．Expectation n the act of expecting
beyond expectation 料想不到 in expectation of 期待；指望
expect sb. to be期望某人成为... The officer expected his men to do their duty.
You can’t expect to learn a foreign language in a week.
Most of the parents expect much of their children.
Will you need help I don't expect so.我认为不会。
11．Monitor
n Class monitor 班长
a television wave form monitor 电视波形监视器
monitor screen 检查[选择]播送内容的电视屏
12．Release Vt.
(1). release sb/sth from sth :allow (stb /sth ) to go, set free or liberate sb/ sth
release a prisoner释放犯人 release sb. from his suffering 免除某人的痛苦
(2). Release sth from sth: allow sth to fly or fall,
etc release an arrow n. Releasing or being released.
An order for sb’s release from prison 释放某人出狱的命令
thing released the latest releases : 最新的发行物
13．Recognition n
a recognition of their civil rights. 对他们人权的确认
She received recognition for her many achievements. 她的许多成就得到了认可
recogniz(s)e / recognitional
14．Criterion (criteria / criterions pl) n.
A standard, rule, or test on which a judgment or decision can be based
air quality criterion 大气质量判据[标准]
15．Claim n/ v Claim vt
(1).To demand or ask for as one's own or one's due; assert one's right to:
claim a reward.索求回报
(2).断言，宣称
He claimed he had won the race 断言他赢得了比赛
(3). To deserve or call for; require:
Claim sth back : ask sth to be returned.
You can claim your money back if the goods are damaged. 货物有损坏，可以要求退款
16．Valid
a valid objection.有根据的反对 valid methods.有效的办法
a valid conclusion.正确推断的结论
n validity 或 validness // validly adv.
17．Application
the application of science to industry. 在工业上对科学的应用
an ~ for a job 求职书 ~ for insurance 投保单
勤勉；专心
He worked with great application.他工作非常勤奋。
an application of a new method. 新方法的实施
have application in 应用于 in application to 在应用于...时
18．Vt 提出申请；申请：
filed for a job with the state/; file for a divorce.
申请有一定地位的工作；/申请离婚
登记候选 filed for Congress. 登记候选国会议员
To put items in a file.把…归档
Please file this paper away, Miss Mary."
"玛丽小姐,请把这份文件归档。"
File N .文件, 档案, 文件夹
files on disk 磁盘文件 on file 存档// a file of newspapers 报纸合订本
19. Precede Vt .To come, exist, or occur before in time.
The tourists were preceded by their guide. 向导走在游客的前面。
He preceded his speech with welcome to the guests.
他在正式讲演前, 先对来宾表示欢迎。
Vi :To come or go before in time, order, rank, or position
in the chapters that precede 在前面各章中
20 . bear Vt ( 1).举止
She bore herself with dignity. 她举止高贵
(2).容忍；忍耐：
couldn't bear his lying. 无法忍受他的谎言
This case bears investigation. 这件案子需要调查
(3).负责：bearing heavy responsibilities 责任重大.
plants bearing flowers. 会开花的植物
(4).To offer; render:提供；给予
I will bear witness to the deed. 我将为此契约作证
.Vi 忍受：Bear with me while I explain matters.
请耐心听我的解释
伸展：The road bears to the right at the bottom of the hill. 这条路在山脚向右伸展
To offer; render:提供；给予
I will bear witness to the deed. 我将为此契约作证
Vi 忍受：Bear with me while I explain matters.
请耐心听我的解释
伸展：The road bears to the right at the bottom of the hill. 这条路在山脚向右伸展
21.Jam vt 塞入：
eg. Jammed my clothes into the suitcase.
把我的衣服塞进行李箱
把…塞满 a suitcase that had been jammed with clothes. 一只塞满了衣服的行李箱
be jammed in 陷入窘境
n. 拥挤 // 阻塞 a traffic jam.交通阻 a jar of jam 一瓶果酱
22. Mess: n.混乱；杂乱；肮脏
Your room is in a mess. Please tidy it. 你的房间杂乱不堪，请把它打扫干净。
Vt （常与up连用）弄脏，弄乱；弄糟
The boy's clothes are all messed. 这男孩的衣服都弄脏了
（与with连用）惹麻烦
Stop messing with the spoon and finish your breakfast.
“不要把匙子弄来弄去,快把早饭吃了。
23. multiple adj
a man of multiple interests兴趣广泛的人
n.
4, 6, and 12 are multiples of 2. 4、6、12都是2的倍数
24. Dot vt.在…打点；在…加小点
a dotted line
n.小圆点
a blue necktie with white dots 有小白点的蓝色领带
on the dot 准时// the year dot 很久以前
vt（与at, on连用）轻敲；轻拍
She tapped him on the shoulder. 她轻轻拍了拍他的肩膀。
Vi:（常与against, on连用）轻叩
He tapped on/at the door. 。
n. give a tap 轻轻一拍; 轻敲
25. Inspire 吸(气), 鼓舞, 激发, 启示, 使生灵感, 产生
inspire sb. with hope 激起某人的希望
inspire a new thought into sb. 新思想灌输给某人
I was inspired to work harder than ever before. 受激励比以往任何时候都更加努力地工作。
Inspiration: n. 启示
the inspiration from natur大自然给予的灵感 painting full of inspiration 充满灵感的绘画
灵感；灵机
Poets and artists often draw their inspiration from nature. 诗人与艺术家往往由自然得到灵感。
25. Reproduce 生殖；繁殖
Birds reproduce by laying eggs. 鸟类由产卵繁殖。
复制
to reproduce a picture 复制一张画片
To bring (a memory, for example) to mind again. 使（如回忆）在脑中重现
26. Current adj. 现时的；当今的；时下的
current English 当代英语 current fashions 现代服装式样
流通的；通用的；流行的 current money 通用的货币
水气、电流
a current of air 空气流
思潮; 潮流, 倾向; 趋势
Newspapers influence the current of thought. 报纸影响思想潮流。
go with the current of the times 顺应时代的潮流
27. Stable (stably / stableness)
resistant to change of position or condition
stable opinions 坚定的意见 a man of stable character 性格坚定的人
Markets are flourishing and prices are stable. 市场繁荣, 物价稳定。
He is a very stable person. 他是一个非常可靠的人。
28. Invaluable adj priceless
an invaluable treasure 无价之宝
precious /priceless/worthwhile---valueless/worthless
29. Practical 实际的；实践的
He is very practical 他很能干。
实用的；可行的
a practical proposal/method 切实可行的建议,实用的方法;
practical minds 讲实际的头脑 a practical teacher 有经验的教师
30. Court n. a civil court 民事法庭
be presented at court 进宫廷觐见
31. Set about
He set about ____the problem as soon as he arrived there.( solving)
= He set out _____the problem as soon as he arrived there.( to solve)
They have set out for Shanghai. set out =set off
32. hang on / out of order / get through /ring back / ring off
Hold the line, please. Hang on, please. Just a moment, please.
I’m sorry, but this phone is out of order. I can’t get through.
Sorry, He isn’t here right now. Can I ring back later
I’ll ring him up again. I must ring off now
33. dive into dive into the crowd 冲进人群 dive into the water 跳入水中
34. in case 以防；可能；倘若
Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot. 倘若太阳很利害，你就把帽子戴上。
35. in case of 如果；万一
In case of rain they can't go.万一下雨，他们就不能去了。
【真题品析】
1．Hardly could he ________ this amount of work in such a short time. （2007 天津卷）
A. get through B. get off C. get into D. get down
【答案】A 考查动词短语辨析【点拨】按照句意：通过、完成的意思。A项符合
2．________ fire, all exits must be kept clear.（2007 天津卷）
A. In place of B. Instead of C. In case of D. In spite of
【答案】C 考查介词短语辨析。【点拨】此处句意：万一着火的话-----，C项符合
3．（09海南）17. I tried phoning her office, but I couldn’t__________.
A. get along B. get on C. get to D. get through
【答案】D。 考查短语动词辨析【点拨】按照句意为：我试着给她办公室打电话，但没有打通。get along 进展，相处。get on 上车；get to到达；get through通过。依据句意，选D
4.（09湖北）15. Some parents are just too protective. They want to ______ their kids from every kind of danger, real or imagined.
A. spot B. dismiss C. shelter D. distinguish
【答案】C 考查动词词义辨析【点拨】根据上句Some parents are just too protective. 可知下文要说父母们想庇荫孩子们不受到任何伤害。shelter做动词可表示“保护；庇护”。spot“弄脏，认出，发现，定位”，dismiss“开除，使解散”，distinguish“区别”
5.. If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party, ____.（2007 全国卷II）
A. he will either B. neither will he C. he neither will D. either he will
【答案】B 考查nor/neither倒装句型【点拨】按照nor/neither+助动词+主语-------来做。
6.（08辽宁卷）35. Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and ______.
A. I was neither B. neither was I C. I was either D. either was I
【答案】B 考查nor/neither倒装句型【点拨】按照nor/neither+助动词+主语-------来做
重点词汇
考点一 distinguish
【基础过关】v. 显示---的差别；使---有所不同；辨别
be distinguished from 不同于...，与...加以区别
distinguish... from. 辨别，把...和...区别开
be distinguished by 以...为特征
be distinguished for 因...而著称
【点拨】distinguish=tell常用于否定句，且常与can或could连用
I can’t tell the difference between the usages of “above all” and “first of all”
【典型例题】
It is not easy to ____ cultured pearls from genuine pearls.
A. distinguish B. separate C. identity D. recognize
【答案】A 考查distinguish的用法。
【点拨】distinguish... from. 辨别，把...和...区别开；separate---from把---隔开；identity辨别；recognize认出，这两个词后面都不跟from
考点二 convenient
【基础过关】 adj.便利的，方便的
be convenient to/for sb 对... ...方便 It is convenient for sb
It is convenient to do sth 做某事方便
Our house is very convenient for the shops. 我们的房子离商店很近
【拓展延伸】 convenience n at your convenience 在你方便的时候
if it suits a person's convenience如果对某人方便 for the convenience of sb为了方便起见
【典型例题】
Our new house is very ____for me as I can get to the office in five minutes.
A. adaptable B. comfortable C. convenient D. available
【答案】C. 考查形容词词义辨析
【点拨】由in five minutes可以看出此处为“便利的，方便的”。D项可以利用，不符合句意；A,B两项意思差距大
考点三 bear
【基础过关】v. 忍受，具有，带有，显示 （标记或特性）
The letter bears no signature.这封信上没有签名
【拓展延伸】bear表示“忍受”其后可跟doing sth 表示习惯性动作，也可跟to do sth表示某一次具体动作，且多与 can,could与 be able to连用。作“生产，生育”讲时，有两种过去分词形式 borne指“生产，生育”，而 born 指“出生”
She has borne three children with her husband. 她与丈夫生育了三个孩子。
【典型例题】
I don’t think our relationship could ______the strain of her mother visiting for a month.
A. bear B. tell C. put up D. hold
【答案】A 考查动词词义辨析
【点拨】bear承受符合句意；tell区别，告诉；put up 举起，张贴；hold持有。
考点四 go through
【基础过关】1) 经历(困难,痛苦等)；2) 通过,成功,成交；3) 审阅,检查；4) 翻找,查看,搜寻5) 穿过,通过
The plan didn't go through. 计划没通过
A terrible noise went through the house. 一阵可怕的声音响彻整幢房子
【拓展延伸】
look through 浏览 read through 通读 flow through流过
get through 通过,接通,使...成功 search through搜寻,查找
carry sth through 成功地完成 put sth through 完成或达成（计划方案）
【典型例题】
I have never _____this kind of the thing, so I’m afraid.
A. look through B looked through C. got through D. gone through
【答案】D 考查动词短语辨析。【点拨】按照句意此处为“经历，经手”的意思
考点五 call up
【基础过关】打电话，使... ...回忆起
I'll call you up tonight.今天晚上我给你打电话
【拓展延伸】call back 召唤某人回来，再访，回电话 call for 邀请，请来 call on sb拜访（某人） call at sp拜访（某地）call/ring sb up=give sb a call/ring 给某人打电话
【点拨】 辨析： call up 与look back on/upon
call up 表示“使...回忆起”主语为物look back on/upon“回忆，记起”主语为人
【举一反三】
call on /drop in on /pay a visit to /go on a visit to/ visit +sb 拜访某人
call at /drop in at /pay a visit to /go on a visit to /visit +sp 拜访某地
【典型例题】
When I _____Tom, he was doing some shopping.
A. call on B. called up C. called off D. called over
【答案】B 考查动词词义辨析 call on
【点拨】按照句意此处为给---打电话；call up符合；call on拜访； call off 取消；call over把---喊来均不合句意
考点六 in case
【基础过关】假使，免得，以防万一
Take your coat in case it rains.
【拓展延伸】in case of 后加名词或代词，意为“要是...”
in case后跟句子，意为“假使，以防万一”
in this case 如果这样的话 in that case 如果那样的话
in any case 无论如何 in no case 决不，任何情况下都不
【点拨】in no case 置于句首句子要倒装
【典型例题】
I don’t think I will need any money but I’ll bring some ____.
A. at last B. in case C. once again D. in time
【答案】B 考查短语辨析 【点拨】按照句意此次有以防万一之意；at last最后；once again再一次；in time及时，均不合句意
考点七 get through
【基础过关】设法联系上（尤指打电话）；设法作完；通过考试；用光；用完；使成功使理解明白
we were all delighted when we heard you had got through the exam.听到你考试及格时，我们都很高兴
【拓展延伸】get across 被理解，使---理解
get over 越过，克服（困难）；从（疾病）---恢复过来
get through with 结束，完成
【典型例题】】
I couldn’t ____.The line was busy.
A. go by B. go around C. get in D. get through
【答案】D 考查动词短语辨析。
【点拨】由The line was busy.可以看出，前面为“----接通”的意思；go by从旁边经过；go around走来走去；get in收获；get through接通电话，符合句意
2. 重点句型
考点八 nor/neither的倒装句
副词so放在句首，表示前面肯定句中所说的情况也适用于另外一个人时，句子要倒装；当neither，nor在句首，表示前面的否定也适用于另外一个人时句子要倒装；so, nor, neither表示相同概念的肯定或否定时，句子也要倒装，前面是多人多事，多个动作用“It is (the same) with sb./sth.”不分否定和肯定
My brother had a bad cold last week, and so did I .
— “Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother ”
—“I didn’t know, nor do I care.”
【典型例题】
He is a good student, and works very hard, _____.
A. so it is with her B. so does she C. so is he D. neither does she
【答案】A 考查倒装句型
【点拨】掌握It is (the same) with sb./sth.句型即可。
【实战演练】
1. When she______ John, he was doing some shopping.
A. called on B. called up C. called off D. called over
2. The film ________ my school time.
A. looked back to B. looked back on C. called up D. called back
3. Hangzhou is distinguished _______ its beautiful scenery.
A. as B. for C. in D. by
4. The train came to an ______ stop, making many passengers fall off their seats.
A. abruptly B. suddenly C. surprised D. abrupt
5. ----When could you have a meal with me
-----I'd like to go whenever it is______ to you.
A. fit B. nice C. convenient D. suit
6. My little brother ______ my room and I was angry.
A. mess up B. mess around C. messed up D. messed around
7.______, everything will be all right.
A. Hold off B. Hold on C. Hold out D. Hold up
8. ----It's a good idea. But who's going to ______ the plan
-----I think Tom and John will.
A. get on B. get off C. get through D.go through
9. I don't think I need any money but I'll bring some_____
A. in case B. in case of C. in no case D. in that case
10. Jone may phone tonight. I don't want to go out ______ he phones.
A. as long as B. in order that C. in case D. so that
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