高考英语 二轮复习语法 定语从句 课件 (共74张PPT)

(共74张PPT)
Attributive
Clause
2020
1.
I
find
it
necessary
that
you
should
give
him.
2.That
China
has
achieved
a
lot
is
known
to
known.
3.What
we
can
see
is
that
China
has
achieved
a
lot.
4.This
is
where
we
found
the
book.
5.The
book
that
was
read
by
you
belongs
to
me.
定义:
在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句.
定语从句的两大分类
Jack,
who
is
a
poor
painter,
won
a
ship
ticket
by
playing
cards
.
The
house,
which
I
bought
yesterday,
was
very
beautiful.
注意：which,who,whom,whose,
as,when,where,why都可以引导非限制性定语从句，只有that不能。
The
man
who
lives
next
to
us
sells
flowers.
You
must
do
everything
that
I
do.
关系词或连接词
关系词的三个作用：
1.引导定语从句
2.代替先行词
3.在定语从句中担当句子成分
关系词或连接词:
关系代词和关系副词
关系代词:
that
which
who
whom
whose
as
关系副关词
:
where
when
why
要看关系词在从句中作何成分.如作成分（主语或宾语…）可以使用
who
whom
which
that
…
若作状语
,则选
when,
where,
why.
定语从句
关系词的选择
关系代词
关系副词
关系代词
指代先行词
句子成分
which
sth
s/o
that
sth/sb
s/o/p
who
sb
s/o
whom
sb
o
whose
sth’s/sb’s
attributive
as
sth/sb
s/o
关系副词词
指代
句子成分
when
time
Adverbial
where
place
Adverbial
why
reason
Adverbial
副词
代词
“why”----
作状语、起连接作用
“where”--
作状语、起连接作用
“when”--
作状语、起连接作用
“who”-
--作主语、
人
“whom”---作宾语、
人
“whose”---作定语、起连接作用
“which”---作主语、宾语
物
“that”---作主语、宾语
人、物
“as”---作主语、宾语、表语
人、物
1,
who/that/whom的用法
Who/that:指人,在从句中作主语和宾语
Whom:指人,在从句中作宾语
?The
man
(who/whom/that)
I
talked
with
is
our
teacher.
The
man
is
our
teacher.
I
talked
with
the
man.
A
person
is
called
a
thief.
A
person
steals
things.
A
person__________
steals
things
is
called
a
thief.
Who/that
The
man
(
____________
)
I
nodded
to
^is
Mr
Li.
Do
you
know
the
girl_______
is
dancing
with
my
brother?
Who/whom/that
Who/that
1-1
That
的用法:
在从句中做主语或(宾语),既可以指人又可以指物
A
plane
is
a
machine.
It
can
fly.
?A
plane
is
a
machine
that
can
fly.
The
cakes
(that
)I
cooked
are
nice.
The
boys
_who/that
_
are
playing
football
are
from
Class
One.
He
who
makes
no
mistakes
makes
nothing.
God
helps
those
who
help
themselves.
1-2只用who的情况
One
____
has
nothing
to
fear
dares
to
tell
the
truth.
The
ones
____
laugh
at
the
disabled
are
not
good
students.
Anyone
____
fails
to
finish
the
task
should
be
punished.
Those
____
want
to
go
to
The
Great
Wall
sigh
up
here.
who
who
who
who
先行词是one,
ones,
anyone,
those指人时只能用who.
2、Which的用法
在从句中做主语或(宾语),指物.
The
fish(
which)
we
bought
this
morning
were
not
fresh.
that
that指物时一般可以与which互换，但在下列情况中一般只能用that不可以用which。
that,
which
用法比较
a.
All
that
can
be
done
has
been
done.
b.
I
am
sure
she
has
something
(that)
you
can
borrow.
c.
There
was
little
(that)
I
could
do
for
you.
①当先行词为all,
much,
little,
few,
none,
something,
anything,
everything,
nothing等不定代词时，
I’ve
read
all
the
books
(that)
you
gave
me.
②
先行词被all,
every,
no,
some,
any,
little,
much修饰时
a.
This
is
the
first
composition
(that)
he
has
written
in
English.
b.
It’s
the
best
novel
(that)
I
have
ever
read.
③先行词被序数词或形容词最高级
修饰时
a.
That
white
flower
is
the
only
one
(that)
I
really
like.
b.
This
is
the
very
book
(that)
I
want
to
find.
④先行词被the
only,
the
very,
the
last修饰时
He
talked
about
the
teachers
and
schools
that
he
had
visited.
⑤
当有两个先行词，一个指人,
一个指物时。
a.
Who
is
the
person
that
is
standing
at
the
gate?
b.
Which
of
them
that
knows
something
about
physics
has
done
this
experiment?
⑥
当主句是who,
which引出的疑问句时，定语从句用that而不用who,
(whom)和which引导。
Mary
is
no
longer
the
girl
that
she
used
to
be.
China
is
no
longer
the
country
that
it
used
to
be.
⑦
当先行词在主句中作表语且关系代词在从句中也作表语时：
只能用which,
不能用that
的情况：
1）从句中，介词提前时，用which
This
is
the
house
in
which
Lu
Xun
used
to
live.
2)
非限制性定语从句，用which
He
had
failed
in
the
math
exam,
which
made
his
father
very
angry.
3）先行词本身是that时用which
I
have
that
which
you
gave
me.
Whose:在从句中做定语既可以指人又可以指物
Whose
=of
whom指人
Whose
=of
which
指物
He
has
a
friend
whose
father
is
a
doctor.
3，whose
的用法
This
is
the
book.
The
cover
of
the
book
is
blue.
This
is
the
book
whose
cover
is
blue.
This
is
the
book
of
which
the
cover
is
blue.
This
is
the
book
the
cover
of
which
is
blue.
This
is
the
book
whose
cover
is
blue.
Do
you
know
the
boy
whose
father
is
a
boss?
Do
you
know
the
boy
of
whom
the
father
is
a
boss?
Do
you
know
the
boy
the
father
of
whom
is
a
boss?
He
is
the
student-------
pen
I
broke
yesterday.
This
is
the
house------
windows
face
South.
whose
whose
He
is
the
student------------------------------I
broke
yesterday.
He
is
the
student------------------------------I
broke
yesterday.
of
whom
the
pen
the
pen
of
whom
This
is
the
house---------------------------face
south.
This
is
the
house------------------------------face
south.
of
which
the
window
the
window
of
which
4,as的用法：
We
do
the
same
work
as
they
(do).
He
is
not
the
same
man
as
he
was
before.
They
had
such
a
fierce
dog
as
I
had
never
seen.
1.当先行词被the
same或such修饰时，用as引导定语从句。
As
is
known
to
all,
Taiwan
belongs
to
China.
2.
在非限制性定语从句中，as
指代整个主句，位置比较灵活，通常用于句首，用逗号与主句隔开，通常译为，“正如……”
___is
known
to
us
all,
the
old
scientist
still
works
hard
in
his
eighties.
As
B.
Which
C.
what
D.Who
He
can
swim
so
well,___
made
us
surprised.
A.
that
B.
which
C.
it
D.
this
which/as都可指代整句，但区别：
which不位于句首，as可在句首且有正如之意
“介词+关系代词”
引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。
介词前置,指人
whom
指物
which
The
man
to
whom
I
spoke
on
the
phone
last
night
is
very
good
at
wrestling.
The
man
who
I
spoke
to
on
the
phone
last
night
is
very
good
at
wrestling.
In
the
end,
we
reached
the
top
of
the
mountain,-------appeared
a
rare
rainbow
soon.
A.of
which
B.on
which
C.from
which.
D.above
which
D
I
have
many
friends,-------some
are
businessmen.
A.
of
them
B.
from
which
C.
who
of
D.
of
whom
D
如何选介词
1.
根据定语从句中的动词与介词搭配来选
1.
Do
you
like
the
book
_____
she
spent
$10?
.
Do
you
like
the
book
_____
she
paid
$10?
On
which
For
which
2.根据先行词来选择
He
built
a
telescope
_____
he
could
study
the
skies
There
is
a
tall
tree
outside，_____
stands
our
teacher
The
tower
_____
people
can
have
a
good
view
is
on
the
hill
Through
which
under
which
From
which
3.根据句子意思或语境来选择
This
is
our
classroom,---------------------there
is
a
teacher’s
desk.
The
wolf-----which
the
sheep
was
killed
was
shot.
In
front
of
which
by
.
to
whom
Of
whom
Of
whom
Of
which
The
man
_____
I
spoke
on
the
phone
last
night
is
very
good
at
wrestling.
The
workers，
some
_____
stayed
for
four
years，
came
from
different
countries.
The
committee
consists
of
20
members，
5
_____
are
women
The
book
contains
50
poems，
most
_____
were
written
in
the
1930s
Here
is
the
man
who/whom
you
are
looking
for.
Here
is
the
man
for
whom
you
are
looking.
注意：１．
含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look
for,
look
after,
take
care
of
等。
２．若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who,
that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词:when在句中做时间状语.
I’ll
never
forget
the
time
when
we
worked
on
the
farm.
1、关系副词的用法--
when
I’ll
never
forget
the
day--------
I
went
to
college.
I’ll
never
forget
the
day-----------
he
told
me.
that/which
when
Where:在句中做地点状语
This
is
the
place
where
we
first
met.
2、关系副词的用法--
where
The
house-----------
he
lives
in
needs
repairing.
The
house-------------
he
lives
needs
repairing.
where
which/that
注意：如果定语从句分别修饰
point，situation，stage，condition
和case
等表示抽象意义的词，常用where来引导。表示：“到了某种地步或在某种情况中”
I’ve
come
to
the
point
where
I
cannot
stand
him.
Why:在从句中做原因状语
The
reason
why
he
was
late
was
that
he
missed
his
train.
3、关系副词的用法--
why
This
is
the
reason-------
he
was
absent.
The
reason--------
he
can’t
come
is
that
he
is
ill.
why
why
The
reason
__________he
told
me
is
not
true.
The
reason
--------------
he
explained
to
me
is
true.
That/which/x
That/which/x
介词
＋关系代词
的结构和关系代词与关系副词的转化
When=in/on/at/during＋which
Where=in/at
which
Why=for
which
There
used
to
be
a
time
when
the
Chinese
people
struggled
for
freedom.
There
used
to
be
a
time
----------------------
the
Chinese
people
struggled
for
freedom.
This
is
the
office
where
I
used
to
work.
This
is
the
office------------I
used
to
work.
at
which
/during
which
in
which
I’d
like
you
to
explain
the
reason
why
you
were
absent.
I’d
like
you
to
explain
the
reason
-------------
you
were
absent.
for
which
定语从句中的特殊情况：
1，当先行词是the
way(方式、方法），且从句中缺状语时，关系词用that/
in
which/省略
This
is
the
way
(that/in
which/x
)
he
deal
with
the
matter.
That’s
the
way
(that)
she
spoke.
2.当先行词是表示时间或地点的副词或短语，从句中缺状语，可能用
prep
+
when/where，
这类介词有：from,
during,
until,
to等。
He
stood
behind
the
curtain
from
where
he
could
see
the
traffic.
3,
当先行词受the
same
修饰时，偶尔也用
that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。
She
wore
the
same
dress
that
she
wore
at
Mary’s
wedding.
She
wore
the
same
dress
as
her
younger
sister
wore.
(同一个)
(同一类)
4.
It?is?(high)?time?that结构中，that引导的定语从句中要用一般过去时态，(be用were)或者使用should?do，should不可以省略。
表示“现在某人该做某事了”.
?例如：It?is(high)??time?that?you?should?go?to?bed.?
It?is(high)??time?that?you?went?to?bed.
5,
多重定语从句
两个或两个以上的定语从句同时修饰一个先行词。
例如:
Tibet
is
a
place
where
the
Tibetan
people
have
been
living
for
generations
and
which
/
that
all
the
people
across
the
world
are
dreaming
of
visiting.
西藏是西藏人民世代生活的地方,也是全世界的人都渴望去观光游览的地方。
He
said
he
would
never
forget
the
moment
when
he
first
met
Gorky
and
which
he
regarded
as
the
happiest
in
all
his
life.
他说他永远忘不了第一次与高尔基相见的那一刻,那一刻被他视作人生中最幸福的一刻。
注意:
多重定语从句的特点之一是:即使在从句中作宾语或状语,第二个以及之后的所有关系词都不能省略,以免引起句意的模糊不清。
China
is
an
attractive
country
which
has
the
largest
population,
where
there
are
lots
of
mysterious
stories
and
legends
and
that
many
westerners
are
still
not
familiar
with.
中国是一个充满魅力的国家,她拥有世界上最多的人口,有许多神秘的故事和传说,但也是很多西方人还不熟悉的国度。
非限制性定语从句与并列句的区别
He
has
two
sisters,
and
neither
of
them
is
a
college
student.
He
has
two
sisters,
neither
of
them
is
a
college
student.
He
has
two
sisters,
neither
of
whom
is
a
college
student.