中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
人教版(Go
for
it!)八上
U1
Where
did
you
go
on
vacation?知识点梳理
P1
1a
go
on
vacation
go
on
vacation为“去度假”,
on
vacation相当于on/for
holiday。“on+名词”可以表示“在某种状态中”如on
duty“值日”,on
business“出差”,on
sale“出售”go
on
a
picnic
“去野餐”,
go
on
a
trip“去旅行”
P2
2b
anyone
anyone
/'eniw?n/
pron.
任何人anyone
相当于anybody,
常用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。肯定句中用someone。eg:
Did
anyone
call
me
just
now?
/Someone
is
knocking
at
the
door.
当anyone/anybody表示“任何人”时,可用于肯定句。eg:Anyone
can
come
here
to
attend
the
party.
形容词修饰anyone,
someone,
anything,
something
等不定代词时,形容词要后置。eg:
Did
you
see
anyone
interesting?
【辨析】anybody,anyone,any
one(1)anybody
相当于anyone通指“任何人”,表示泛指,后面不可跟
of
短语,用作主语或宾语,用作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。Is
there
anyone
at
home?
Does
anybody
want
to
go
to
the
movies
?(2)any
one为“任何一个”,可以指人也可指物,用来表明只限一个,后面常跟of短语。You
may
take
any
one
of
these
books.Anyone
can
take
any
one
of
these
magazines.
P2
2d
Long
time
no
see.
Long
time
no
see.
好久不见。、此句话用于交际用语中,是老朋友好久不见时的寒暄语。
anywhere
interesting
anywhere
/'eniwe?/
adv.在任何地方somewhere
意为“在某处”,常用于肯定句中,anywhere
意为“在任何地方”,常用于否定句和疑问句中。eg:
Are
you
going
anywhere
tonight?今晚你要去什么地方吗?everywhere
意为“到处;各个地方”,相当于here
and
there。nowhere
意为“无处,哪里都不”,表示否定意义。当形容词修饰anywhere,somewhere
或nowhere
等词时,形容词要后置。eg:
We
went
somewhere
beautiful
yesterday.
quite
a
few
quite
a
few
相当多;不少quite
a
few多用于口语中,相当于many,其后谓语动词用复数。
eg:Quite
a
few
students
go
to
school
by
bike.相当多的学生骑自行车上学。quite作副词,表示“颇;相当”,可以修饰动词、形容词或副词。当它同形容词连用修饰可数名词单数时,quite一般置于冠词a或an之前。eg:I
quite
like
reading.我很喜欢阅读。
most
of
the
time
most
of
the
time大部分时间most
of
the
time意为“大部分时间”,
其中most为代词,意为“大多数;几乎所有”。eg:It's
noisy
here
most
of
the
time.这儿大部分时间都很喧闹。
most
of...
意为“……中的大多数”,它作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于most
of后的名词或者代词。eg:Most
of
us
are
going
to
the
park.我们大多数人要去公园。Most
of
the
food
goes
bad.大部分的食物都变质了。most用作形容词,意为“大多数的;大部分的”。eg:Most
children
like
playing
football
very
much.大部分的孩子非常喜欢踢足球。
P3语法
一般过去时
具体用法参见七年级下U11、12单元知识点梳理
复合不定代词的用法
不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。在本单元中,主要出现的不定代词为由some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词,因此主要详细讲解这部分不定代词的用法,在这些复合不定代词中,除no
one以外,其他都要写成一个词。由some,
any,
no,
every构成的复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。形容词修饰复合不定代词时,形容词后置。巧学不定代词:不定代词美名扬,修饰成分后边藏;单数动词作谓语,何时何地都一样。复合不定代词与动词不定式连用,不定式作后置定语。
no
one意为“没有人”,与nobody同义eg:There
is
no
one/nobody
in
the
classroom
now.
no
one与none
好分辨,具体人、物把none填;不知何人与何物,no
one,nothing是一路;no
one人
nothing物,保你不会出错误。
P3
3a
How
did
you
like
it?
How
did
you
like
it?
你觉得它怎么样?常用来询问对方对某人或某事物的看法
反身代词
myself
/ma?'self/
pron.我自己;我本人反身代词的常见用法(1)反身代词作宾语,表示主语和宾语为同一个人或事物。
eg:He
bought
himself
a
book.他给自己买了一本书。(2)反身代词作同位语,起强调作用。
eg:
I
myself
repaired
the
bike.我自己修的自行车。含反身代词的常用词组:teach
oneself
自学
learn...by
oneself
自学……
by
oneself
独自enjoy
oneself
玩得高兴,过得愉
help
oneself
to...
为(自己)取用……
feed
hens
feed
sb./sth.喂养某人/某物feed
on
sth.
以某物为食;靠某物为生feed
sth.
to
sb./sth.
把某物喂给某人/某动物feed
sb./sth.on
sth.用某物喂某人/某动物
seem
seem
/si?m/
v.似乎;好像seem
作系动词,
意为“好像;似乎;看来”,其后常接形容词作表语。eg:
Everything
seems
so
easy.eg:
He
seems
happy.=He
seems
to
be
happy.=It
seems
that
he
is
happy.=It
seems
as
if
he
is
happy.他看上去好像很高兴。seem
兔(to),seem
形,seem
后跟
that
从(句)。
P3
3b
There
was
nothing
much
to
do
in
the
evening
but
read.
but
作介词的用法“除......之外”。but前的谓语动词是do,并且翻译为“做”,接省略to的不定式。eg:
What
can
you
do
but
take
back
what
you
said?如果but
接动词不定式,当前面有do或cannot时,不定式不带to当前面有anything,everything,nothing
等时,不定式不带to,但也有例外
eg:I
have
nothing
to
do
but
watch
TV.其余情况都带to
eg:He
had
no
choice
but
to
wait.
P5
2b
decide
decide
/d?'sa?d
/
v.决定,后跟动词不定式或从句作宾语,即
decide
(not)to
do
sth.;decide
+
从句。eg:
He
decided
not
to
tell
his
mother
the
truth.
He
decided
that
he
would
start
out
at
6:00
that
morning.
decide
on
选定;决定,后常跟名词、代词、动词的-ing
形式作宾语。eg:
Betty
decided
on
the
red
skirt.贝蒂选定了那条红裙子。decide
后跟“疑问词+
不定式”作其宾语。eg:
I
can’t
decide
what
to
buy.我决定不了买什么。decide
on
sb.
to
do
sth./decide
that
sb.
do
sth.决定让某人做某事decide
的名词形式为decision,make
a
decision,意为“做决定”,相当于decide。eg:
She
decided/made
a
decision
to
get
good
grades.
try
try
to
do
sth.努力/尽力去做某事,指试图做某种很难的事,相当于try
one's
best
to
do
sth.try
doing
sth.
试着去做某事(试一试)
feel
like
feel
like给……的感觉;感受到;摸起来像feel
like
意为“给……的感觉;感受到”。其后可接从句。eg:He
felt
like
he
was
swimming.他感觉像在游泳一样。
It
feels
like
silk.它摸起来像丝绸。feel
like
还可意为“想要……”,其后接名词、代词、动名词。eg:
Do
you
feel
like
a
cup
of
tea
now?你现在想要杯茶吗?Do
you
feel
like
drinking
milk?你想要喝牛奶吗?feel
like
doing
sth.
=
want/would
like
to
do
sth.
想做某事feel+adj;
feel
sb./sth.
do/doing
sth.
;feeling(n.)
wonder
wonder
/'w?nd?(r)
/
n.惊奇;奇迹;奇观
v.想知道wonder
用作及物动词,意为“想知道”,=want
to
know。wonder
在不同的句式中表达的意思也不同,后接who,what,why,how
等词引导的宾语从句:eg:
I
wonder
how
you
keep
in
touch
with
Tom.
I
wonder
what
he
looks
like.wonder后接if
或whether
引导的宾语从句时,表示一种委婉的请求或疑问。eg:
I
wonder
if
I
could
use
your
mobile
phone.我不知道是否可以用一下你的手机。wonder
作名词时,意为“奇迹;奇观”,形容词形式为wonderful,意为“精彩的”。
difference
difference
/'d?fr?ns
/
n.
差别;差异构成短语:make
a
difference意为“有影响;起作用”;
make
no
difference意为“没影响”;
the
difference(s)between...and...,
意为“……和……两者间的不同点”。eg:There
are
many
differences
between
Mary
and
Jean.
It
makes
no
difference
to
me.
difference
的形容词为different“不同的”,常构成短语be
different
from,反义短语是be
the
same
as;副词为differently“不同地”。eg:My
ideas
are
different
from
his.
He
thinks
differently;
he
has
a
different
idea.
wait
wait
/we?t/
v.等待;等候
wait
作动词时,用法如下:wait
for...
等待……;wait
for
sb./sth.to
do
sth.
等某人/
物做某事。
wait
in
line
排队等候
wait
a
moment
等一会儿eg:
They
are
waiting
for
a
bus.
他们正在等公共汽车。
We
are
waiting
for
Jim
to
come.
我们正等着吉姆的到来。wait还可作名词,意为“等待;等候”。eg:I
don't
like
this
long
wait.我不喜欢这种长时间的等待。
too
many
because
of
because
of后接名词或名词性短语;because因为,后接句子。eg:
We
didn’t
get
there
in
time
because
of
the
heavy
rain.
=
We
didn’t
get
there
in
time
because
it
rained
heavily.
blow
below
/b?'l??
/
prep.&
adv.
在……下面;到……下面
enough
enough修饰名词时,常放在名词前面;enough修饰形容词、副词时,常放在它们的后面。…enough
(for
sb.)
to
do
sth.“(对某人来说)做某事足够……”。
eg:
There
is
enough
food
for
everyone.有足够的食物供每个人吃。He
is
only
twelve.
He
is
tall
enough.他只有十二岁,他够高了。The
story
is
easy
enough
for
little
kids
to
read.这个故事很容易,连小孩都能读懂。
P6
2d
as
as
/?z/
adv.
像……一样;如同
conj.
当……时;如同as
与like
二者均可用作介词,当as
用作介词时,意为“作为,以……身份”,而like
则表示“像……一样”。eg:He
talked
to
me
as
a
father.他以父亲的身份跟我谈话。(他是我的父亲)
He
talked
to
me
like
my
father.他像父亲那样跟我谈话。(他不是我父亲)
P6
Self-2
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out
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Unit
1
Where
did
you
go
on
vacation?
知识点讲解
人教版
(Go
for
it)
八
年级上册
go
on
vacation为“去度假”,
on
vacation相当于on/for
holiday。
“on+名词”可以表示“在某种状态中”
如on
duty“值日”,on
business“出差”,on
sale“出售”
go
on
a
picnic
“去野餐”,
go
on
a
trip“去旅行”。
anyone
/'eniw?n/
pron.
任何人
anyone
相当于anybody,
常用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。肯定句中用someone。
eg:
Did
anyone
call
me
just
now?
/Someone
is
knocking
at
the
door.
当anyone/anybody表示“任何人”时,可用于肯定句。
eg:Anyone
can
come
here
to
attend
the
party.
形容词修饰anyone,
someone,
anything,
something
等不定代词时,形容词要后置。
eg:
Did
you
see
anyoneinteresting?
【辨析】anybody,anyone,any
one
(1)anybody
相当于anyone通指“任何人”,表示泛指,后面不可跟
of
短语,用作主语或宾语,用作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
Is
there
anyone
at
home?
Does
anybody
want
to
go
to
the
movies
?
(2)any
one为“任何一个”,可以指人也可指物,用来表明只限一个,后面常跟of短语。
You
may
take
any
one
of
these
books.
Anyone
can
take
any
one
of
these
magazines.
Long
time
no
see.
好久不见。、
此句话用于交际用语中,是老朋友好久不见时的寒暄语。
anywhere
/'eniwe?/
adv.在任何地方
somewhere
意为“在某处”,常用于肯定句中,
anywhere
意为“在任何地方”,常用于否定句和疑问句中。
eg:
Are
you
going
anywhere
tonight?今晚你要去什么地方吗?
everywhere
意为“到处;各个地方”,相当于here
and
there。nowhere
意为“无处,哪里都不”,表示否定意义。
当形容词修饰anywhere,somewhere
或nowhere
等词时,形容词要后置。
eg:
We
went
somewhere
beautiful
yesterday.
quite
a
few
相当多;不少
quite
a
few多用于口语中,相当于many,其后谓语动词用复数。
eg:Quite
a
few
students
go
to
school
by
bike.
相当多的学生骑自行车上学。
quite作副词,表示“颇;相当”,可以修饰动词、形容词或副词。当它同形容词连用修饰可数名词单数时,quite一般置于冠词a或an之前。
eg:I
quite
like
reading.我很喜欢阅读。
most
of
the
time大部分时间
most
of
the
time意为“大部分时间”,
其中most为代词,意为“大多数;几乎所有”。
eg:It's
noisy
here
most
of
the
time.这儿大部分时间都很喧闹。
most
of...
意为“……中的大多数”,它作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于most
of后的名词或者代词。
eg:Most
of
us
are
going
to
the
park.我们大多数人要去公园。
Most
of
the
food
goes
bad.大部分的食物都变质了。
most用作形容词,意为“大多数的;大部分的”。
eg:Most
children
like
playing
football
very
much.大部分的孩子非常喜欢踢足球。
一般过去时:具体用法参见七年级下U11、U12单元
(二)不定代词的用法
不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。
在本单元中,主要出现的不定代词为由some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词,因此主要详细讲解这部分不定代词的用法,在这些复合不定代词中,除no
one以外,其他都要写成一个词。
由some,
any,
no,
every构成的复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
形容词修饰复合不定代词时,形容词后置。
巧学不定代词:
不定代词美名扬,修饰成分后边藏;
单数动词作谓语,何时何地都一样。
复合不定代词与动词不定式连用,不定式作后置定语。
物
something
某物
anything
任何事物
nothing
无物
everything
每一件事
人
somebody
someone
某人
anybody
anyone
任何人
nobody
no
one没有人
everybody
everyone
每人
no
one意为“没有人”,与nobody同义
eg:There
is
no
one/nobody
in
the
classroom
now.
no
one与none
好分辨,具体人、物把none填;不知何人与何物,no
one,nothing是一路;no
one人
nothing物,保你不会出错误。
no
one
只能用于指人,不能与of连用。作主语时,谓语动词只能用单数形式。可表示“没有人”,一般用来回答who引导的特殊疑问句。
No
one
wants
to
go
shopping.
none
表示“没有一个”。既可指人,也可指物。其后可接of短语,“none
of+可数名词复数”作主语时谓语动词用单、复数皆可。可指
数量上“一个也没有”,一般用来回答how
many/much引导的特殊疑问句。
None
of
these
pens
work/
works.
nothing
只能用于指物,作主语时,谓语动词只能用单数形式。可用来回答what
引导的特殊疑问句及含anything的一般疑问句。
—What’s
in
the
box?
—Nothing.
How
did
you
like
it?
你觉得它怎么样?
常用来询问对方对某人或某事物的看法
myself
/ma?'self/
pron.我自己;我本人
反身代词的常见用法
(1)反身代词作宾语,表示主语和宾语为同一个人或事物。
eg:He
bought
himself
a
book.他给自己买了一本书。
(2)反身代词作同位语,起强调作用。
eg:
I
myself
repaired
the
bike.我自己修的自行车。
含反身代词的常用词组:
teach
oneself
自学
learn...by
oneself
自学……
enjoy
oneself
玩得高兴,过得愉
by
oneself
独自
help
oneself
to...
为(自己)取用……
单数
复数
第一人称
myself
ourselves
第二人称
yourself
yourselves
第三人称
herself/himself/itself
themselves
feed
sb./sth.喂养某人/某物
feed
on
sth.
以某物为食;靠某物为生
feed
sth.
to
sb./sth.
把某物喂给某人/某动物
feed
sb./sth.on
sth.用某物喂某人/某动物
seem
/si?m/
v.似乎;好像
seem
作系动词,
意为“好像;似乎;看来”,其后常接形容词作表语。
eg:
Everything
seems
so
easy.
eg:
He
seems
happy.=He
seems
to
be
happy.
=It
seems
that
he
is
happy.=It
seems
as
if
he
is
happy.
他看上去好像很高兴。
seem
兔(to),seem
形,seem
后跟
that
从(句)。
but
作介词的用法“除......之外”。but前的谓语动词是do,并且翻译为“做”,接省略to的不定式。
eg:What
can
you
do
but
take
back
what
you
said?
如果but
接动词不定式,当前面有do或cannot时,不定式不带to
当前面有anything,everything,nothing
等时,不定式不带to,
但也有例外
I
have
nothing
to
do
but
watch
TV.
其余情况都带to
He
had
no
choice
but
to
wait.
decide
/d?'sa?d
/
v.决定,后跟动词不定式或从句作宾语,即
decide
(not)to
do
sth.;decide
+
从句。
eg:
He
decided
not
to
tell
his
mother
the
truth.
He
decided
that
he
would
start
out
at
6:00
that
morning.
decide
on
选定;决定,后常跟名词、代词、动词的-ing
形式作宾语。
eg:
Betty
decided
on
the
red
skirt.贝蒂选定了那条红裙子。
decide
后跟“疑问词+
不定式”作其宾语。
eg:
I
can’t
decide
what
to
buy.我决定不了买什么。
decide
on
sb.
to
do
sth./decide
that
sb.
do
sth.决定让某人做某事
decide
的名词形式为decision,make
a
decision,意为“做决定”,相当于decide。
eg:
She
decided/made
a
decision
to
get
good
grades.
try
to
do
sth.努力/尽力去做某事,指试图做某种很难的事,
相当于try
one's
best
to
do
sth.
try
doing
sth.
试着去做某事(试一试)
feel
like给……的感觉;感受到;摸起来像
feel
like
意为“给……的感觉;感受到”。其后可接从句。
eg:He
felt
like
he
was
swimming.他感觉像在游泳一样。
It
feels
like
silk.它摸起来像丝绸。
feel
like
还可意为“想要……”,其后接名词、代词、动名词。
eg:
Do
you
feel
like
a
cup
of
tea
now?你现在想要杯茶吗?
Do
you
feel
like
drinking
milk?你想要喝牛奶吗?
feel
like
doing
sth.
=
want/would
like
to
do
sth.
想做某事
feel+adj;
feel
sb./sth.
do/doing
sth.;feeling(n.)
wonder
/'w?nd?(r)
/
n.惊奇;奇迹;奇观
v.想知道
wonder
用作及物动词,意为“想知道”,=want
to
know。wonder
在不同的句式中表达的意思也不同,后接who,what,why,how
等词引导的宾语从句:
eg:
I
wonder
how
you
keep
in
touch
with
Tom.
I
wonder
what
he
looks
like.
wonder后接if
或whether
引导的宾语从句时,表示一种委婉的请求或疑问。
eg:
I
wonder
if
I
could
use
your
mobile
phone.
我不知道是否可以用一下你的手机。
wonder
作名词时,意为“奇迹;奇观”,
形容词形式为wonderful,意为“精彩的”。
difference
/'d?fr?ns
/
n.
差别;差异
构成短语:make
a
difference意为“有影响;起作用”;
make
no
difference意为“没影响”;
the
difference(s)between...and...,
意为“……和……两者间的不同点”。
eg:There
are
many
differences
between
Mary
and
Jean.
It
makes
no
difference
to
me.
difference
的形容词为different“不同的”,
常构成短语be
different
from,反义短语是be
the
same
as;
副词为differently“不同地”。
eg:My
ideas
are
different
from
his.
He
thinks
differently;
he
has
a
different
idea.
wait
/we?t/
v.等待;等候
wait
作动词时,用法如下:wait
for...
等待……;
wait
for
sb./sth.to
do
sth.
等某人/
物做某事。
wait
in
line
排队等候
wait
a
moment
等一会儿
eg:
They
are
waiting
for
a
bus.
他们正在等公共汽车。
We
are
waiting
for
Jim
to
come.
我们正等着吉姆的到来。
wait还可作名词,意为“等待;等候”。
eg:I
don't
like
this
long
wait.我不喜欢这种长时间的等待。
because
of后接名词或名词性短语;
because因为,后接句子。
eg:
We
didn’t
get
there
in
time
because
of
the
heavy
rain.
=
We
didn’t
get
there
in
time
because
it
rained
heavily.
below
/b?'l??
/
prep.&
adv.
在……下面;到……下面
below
表示在某物下方或位置、温度等低于……,其反义词为above。
under
指“在……的下方”,有垂直关系,其反义词为over。
enough修饰名词时,常放在名词前面;
enough修饰形容词、副词时,常放在它们的后面。
…enough
(for
sb.)
to
do
sth.“(对某人来说)做某事足够……”。
eg:
There
is
enough
food
for
everyone.
有足够的食物供每个人吃。
He
is
only
twelve.
He
is
tall
enough.
他只有十二岁,他够高了。
The
story
is
easy
enough
for
little
kids
to
read.
这个故事很容易,连小孩都能读懂。
I
have
enough
time
to
finish
the
work.
我有足够的时间完成这项工作
。
形容词/副词+enough
for
sb.对某人来说足够......
enough+名词+to
do
sth.有足够的......可以做某事
not+形容词/副词+enough
to
do
sth.不够......做某事
as
/?z/
adv.
像……一样;如同
as...as.../
not
so/as...as...
eg:You're
as
tall
as
your
father.你和你父亲一样高
as
(conj.
)当……时;在......期间;随着;
eg:I
watched
her
as
she
combed
her
hair.
她梳头的时侯,我一直看着她。
as
(conj.
)
既然;由于(引导原因状语从句)
eg:As
his
family
was
very
poor,his
father
had
to
work
day
and
night
for
money.因为家里穷,他的父亲不得不为钱整日整夜工作。
as
与like
二者均可用作介词,当as
用作介词时,意为“作为,以……身份”,而like
则表示“像……一样”。
eg:He
talked
to
me
as
a
father.
他以父亲的身份跟我谈话。(他是我的父亲)
He
talked
to
me
like
my
father.
他像父亲那样跟我谈话。(他不是我父亲)
as
for
至于、关于
as
usual
和往常一样;
as
well
也、还
the
same
as
和......一样
such
as
例如
as...as
possible
尽可能地
as
soon
as
一......就......
as
a
result
结果是
eg:I'm
looking
for
my
key,
but
I
can't
find
it.
我正在找我的钥匙,但是我找不到它。
Please
find
out
when
the
train
leaves.
请查一下火车什么时候离站。
look
for
寻找
强调寻找的过程,但不一定能找。
find
发现,找到
强调结果,通常指偶然发现。
find
out
查明,找出
经过一番努力最终找到,具有目的性
谢谢
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